Name: Block: Date: HSA Human Anatomy Chapter 14: Blood Part 1 Notes OBJECTIVES NOTES I. Introduction to Blood ‘The only [uch _ tissue in the human body Taste, Odor, 5x thicker than water Classified as a Cnn ¢C tissue ‘A IL Characteristics of Blood Ricky blood is scarlet red and pOg Srey blood is dull red pH must remain between */ Slightly _alYook ; Blood temperature is slightly. Hasek eo Yon Soky 3 II. Blood Plasma * Composed of apy aeee 90 perc Includes many "Neteeeke blood cells bite blood cells, tate Toa J EC (platelets) = cell fragments RE Erythro The main function is to CO") “ Cells) ree Anatomy of circulating erythrocytes biconcave disks Bpsentially bags of WCPO auc ei@ "(oo nuoieus) 4 Contain very few organelles Outnumber white blood cells_\OOO +, Keon cor Binds strongly to_ Du 10 Each hemoglobin molecule has ANAC ke _ erythrocyte has_Z “ ‘alin the WOOY'S Act VIL. Leukocytes Crucial in the beeen These are complete cells, with a nucleus and or Able to move into and out of blood vessels Can respond to chemicals released by Cv IV. Formed Elements VI. Hemoglobin‘Vill. Leukocyte levels in Normal levels = {500 T6 11,000. cells/ml blood Abnormal leukocyte levels a)_Leuthoeyien above Il ,0OC leukocytes/mi i | Generally indicates an nleckon b)_Leutmeenig below 4,000 cells/ml Hicnekaly ~> leukocyte level Gommonly caused by Ce $eucEs, concer, IX, Types of Leukocytes Cc canulorytess ‘Granules in their Eroplasn can be stained “uss a Cornet and at \ ce Lack Visible ra ‘wanules Tncnde \ymOCry-eSand ror a. Granulocytes © Actas anoyte at active sites of infection b) Eosinophils © Large be ae, eth cytoplasmic srtmles Ba Found in response to allerauc ISN ware ©)Basophils | © Have yy ne oiigamnin © Initiate_17 Ew ex mom b. Agranulocytes a) Lympnocyite becew, ¥ . Slur tu fills most of the cell . Play an important role in the mmun€ bt ye —pororss oft ‘the, uhlte blood eels Functionas TO Vhaye ss Coy wer) © Important in fighting _ CTO Feckion x. Platelets Derived from ruptured multinucleate cells (C5 honyoeylesy Needed forthe “lol oc Ucp. Normal platelet count = 1, Hematopoiesis Hematopoiesis — “Biged Cell Formation © Occurs in marco © Allblood cil are derived from a common stem cell Che moc i XII Fate of Erythrocytes __| Unable to divide, grow, of synthesize proteins Wear out in to hey Win oer nna a oo in Spleen gc Lost cells are replaced by ihn TOA tensName: Class: HSA: Human Anatomy Chapter Fourteen: Blood Part 2 OBJECTIVES ___ NOTES 1 Hemostasis Stoppage of _\ Result of a break ina Hemostasis involves three 1. B: 3. I. Platelet Plug \ Colao fibers are exposed by a break in a blood vessel Formation Platelets becdine ™ Anchored platelets_w@\2 © Platelets pile up to forma (1 a Ml Vascular Spasms —_| Anchored platelets release, Serotonin causes _\_ oy ‘Spasms narrow the blood vessel, and cling to fbgrs IV. Coagulation Steps to formaclot... Vor} 5 1) Injured tissues release _~\"'« > 2) PF3 (a phospholipid) interacts with thromboplastin, blood protein clotting factors, and _C\\C1'" _jons to trigger a ¢ af 3) Prothrombin activator converts to 4 {clisttuctionen proisiat bio haieliee Tory 5) Fibrin forms a meshwork (the basis for a clot) V. Blood Clotting Blood usually clots within The clot remains as_¢¥1<1 The clot is broken down after regenerates VI. Undesirable Clotting in areas like the _Y B. ec A trombos that breaks away and floats freely inthe Can later“) vere“ in critical areas such as the 'VIL Bleeding Disorders. | 4 V (Qcor Cony yy « (ao ‘Caused by a ple deficiency ( \-,, 5 Even normal movements can cause bleeding from small blood vessels that require platelets for clottingvu. XL. XI XI. Blood Groups and Transfusions Human Blood Groups ABO Blood Groups Rh Blood Groups Rh Dangers During Pregnancy Blood Typing G her Tee CAT AY bleeding disorder Normal _< 1 0 sare missing a Large losses of blood have serious consequences Loss of 1°) fo 2!) percent causes 2500 Vt fe Loss of over 777) percent causes, which can be “2 ©: are the ion way fo epacg blood quickly ‘ranafised blood mast bo of the. Blood contains_ QC *n.0° 101 f Vt ¢ A foreign protein 9 75.920 may be attacked by the immune system Blood is “_\.jioCO._ by using antibodies that will cause blood with certain Scant tb clump (_00.9 ) There are overs") _ commited blood cell antigens, The most vigorous transfusion reactions are caused by blood group antigens ABO Blood Groups: Based on the presence or absence of two antigens Type f ‘Type _X The lack of these antigens is called type The presence of both A and Bis called type _7 ‘The presence of either A or B is called types A and B, respectively Rh Blood Groups Named beeause of the at or absence of one of eight Rh antigens Most: Americans ae Problems can occur in mixing, na AY ~ into abody with © Rh Dangers During Pregnancy Danger is only when the z and the Yi factor y)ean cause The__& pregnancy "usually proceeds Without problems The immune system is ¥ after the first pregnancy Ina second pregnaney, the mother's immune system 100 F<" to attack the Rh* blood or RO eeay Blood samples are mixed with, i z 0) or no coagulation leads to determining blood type ‘Typing for ABO and Rh factors is done in the samne manner — testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipient's serum, and vice versa