!

"
"

"
!"
!"

'

#!

&

"

,-

$
"

"

&
)!

"

"

!* !

"

'

"

"

.
&

"

!"

*
!

!
)
"

&(

!"

&

f ct f r (

(
% 1*"

f ct f r

/
0
!

" "

'

%
("

!
!"

"

) '

"

(.

&

("

"

&

(
2" "

!"
&

!"
(' 0
" " *
'

!"
( f cc >

!
)0 &

f c'
(
2

& 0

!"

fc

f c'
( 0
2

.
!"

fc

' 0" "

& 0

"
!

&
0(

f c'
2

%
!

"

&+

!
"
'

) %
.
"
=< 1:%
!
!

(
"
"

f ct f r = 0,62 f c'
&(

'

&

&

"

!
.

91
.

9, 1
"

!"

&
!
91 9, 1 :
;<
("

"

"

"
:
;<

fy +

"

!"
1:
, 1:(

3)

5 67(778
0

"

!"

!"

" "

&
)

!"

&

! 0

0(

"
"

"

!
5 67(778(
' 0
!

)
!
.

'

!"
(

"
(

)!
!"
!

&
5 67(778%

.
"

)-

!
!

% /

-!" +

f c' = 28 ,

f y = 420 ,

>

n=

"

Es
6 ?(7 E ?(
Ec

Ay

Ag 6 B77

%777

As (n 1) 6 8 (CB

4A

(7

Ay
A

.H

6 47%777 D
6 477

7B D

&
*
!
,6 7(7 D< !I
7 !4
6 4 (?C D

6 8%4?7 D

A%777

Ay 6 %

I 0 + Ad 2

Ad 2

I0

@# A(B4 A$4
$@#4A A(B4$4

If =

I 0 + Ad 2 6 ?%C4? !

= 15,62 ! 6 7( AB !

fs = n

G
!

6 4?%777 D

!"

&

#, $+ f r = 0,62 f c' = 0,62 28 6 8(4? ,

A 6 B8 (CB

!"

E s = 200.000 ,

+ Ec = 4700 f c' 6 4 %?C7 ,

+ As 6 4? @46AB? !!4 6 A(B? !4 6 A(B?

y=

&+ 4FB

+
&

f cc =

Mc 10 * 0,1562
kN
=
= 3.205 2 6 8%47A D
8
I
48.728 x10
m

f ct =

M c 10 * (0,30 0,1562)
=
= 2.951kPa = 2,95MPa < f r 9D
I
48.728 x10 8

Mc
10 * (0,25 0,1562)
=8
= 15.399kPa = 15,40 MPa << f y
I
48.728 x10 8

6 8(4 ,

A%487
8%

f ct > f r J 0
'

"

&

0"

+ fc

"

.
&

"

&

&

j =1

"

kd +

! !

" !

"

"

(kd ) 2
nAs (d kd ) = 0 # $
2

" "

"

!
+ C=

+ T = As f s ( "

k
3

"

!"

"
!"

(.

kd
!

!"

)-

f
2

"

'
c

1
f cbkd
2
. )

C =T

0
+

&

M = Tjd = As f s jd (

M = Cjd =

+ fs =

1
f cbkd 2 j (
2

M
As jd

+ fc =

2M
bkd 2 j

! + =

2"

As
(
bd

k 2 + 2 nk 2 n = 0

.# $ 0

" -

k = 2 n 2 + 2 n n

-!"

&+ 4FB

f c' = 28 ,

f y = 420 ,

E s = 200.000 ,

G
!

.H

n=

Es
6 ?(7 E ?(
Ec

As 5,68 x10 4
=
= 0,0114
bd 0,20 x0,25

k = 2 n 2 + 2 n n = 0,376

j =1

fs =

M
20
=
= 160.782kPa = 160,8MPa
As jd 5,68 x10 4 * 0,219

fc =

f c'
2M
2 * 20
=
=
9
.
726
kPa
=
9
,
73
MPa
<
bkd 2 j 0,20 * 0,094 * 0,25 * 0,875
2

7 !4

+ Ec = 4700 f c' 6 4 %?C7 ,

6 4 (?C

!"

kd = 0,094 m

7B D

&
*
!
,6 47(7 D< !I

>

k
= 0,875
3

6 47%777 D
6 477

+ As 6 4? @46 AB? !!4 6 A(B?

6 4?%777 D

jd = 0,219 m

7B D

"

D(

!"

"

3!

6 0

5 6 7(778( < 1 % 7%4%8

)
I
!"

! "#

3 < 1+ % 7%4%C+

1 =

& I

a
c

$ %&#
"'

67(?A

&

&

CLf

6 7(?A+

M &

,!

f c'

T = As f s

1c
2

+ M = As f s d

!"

"

4?(7 , +

"
*

c
c
a
= As f s d 1 = 0,85 f c' 1cb d 1
2
2
2

!"

" !
0
!" )
0. )

c + s c
=
d
c

c=d

+ T = As f y

0
0

o
+

2M
#5 6 7(778$

C =T

5 6 7(778(

0,003
0,003+ s

"

f c' 28,0
* 0,05 0,65
7

0,85 f c 1cb = As f s

C =T :
&+ d

1 = 0,85

+ C = 0,85 f c 1cb
:

! !
!

'
c

< 1 % 7%C%

!"

!"

!"

4?(7 ,

"

. )

'
c

2+ =

y =

As
bd

fy
Es

T = As f s = As E s s

bal (

0 0

"

!"

+ y =

fy

0,003

c=d

Es

0,003 +

fy
Es

. ) + 0,85 f c 1cb = As f y

As
0,85 f c' 1c
= bal =
N !" &
bd
df y

bal = 0,851

fy

f c'
fy

0,003
0,003 +

fy

N.

0,003
0,003+ y

420
67(7747B
200.000

t =y =

cb
0,003
0,003
=
=
= 7(A E 7(B7
d t 0,003+ y 0,003 + 0,002

Es

f c'
fy

Es

bal = 0,851

t +

#
(

& 7(778$(
-" *

0
0

f c'
fy

0,003
0,003+ y

t = o, oo2 ( bal = 0,851

t = o,oo4 ( 0,004 = 0,851

f c'
fy

0,003
0,003 + 0,004

t = o, oo5 ( 0, 005 = 0,851

f c'
fy

0,003
0,003 + 0,005

!
!"

"
%

"

&

 < bal ,

M n = As f y d

,!

1c

!"

0.85 f c' 1b

As f y

M n = As f y d 1 0,59

'
c

2 * 0,85 f b

fy
f c'

0,003d
0,003
c

0,003 As E s
A E d 0,003
c s s '
=0
'
0,85 f c 1b
0,85 f c 1b

+ M n = 0,85 f c' 1cb d

< !

0,003d
0,003
c

+ c2 +

"

0( f s = E s s

+ s =

" -

,!

As f y

. ) + 0,85 f c' 1cb = As Es

c=

("

+ M n = As f y d

< !

> bal ,

0+

1c
2

-!"

&+ 4FB

f c' = 28 ,

f y = 420 ,
E s = 200.000 ,

>

bal = 0,851

+ As 6 4? @46AB? !!4 6 A(B?

6 4?%777 D
6 47%777 D

477

7B D

! !

7 !4

As 5,68 x10 4
=
= 0,0114
bd 0,20 * 0,25
f c'
fy

0,003
0,003 +

M n = As f y d 1 0,59

fy
f

'
c

fy
Es

= 0,85 * 0,85 *

28
0,003
*
6 7(74?8( < bal (
420 0,003 + 420
200.000

= 5,68 x10 4 * 420.000 * 0,25 1 0,59 * 0,0114 *

420
6 A8(B4 D< !
28

0%

"

!"

+ = 0,75 + 0,15

+ = 0,65 + 0,25

. +

M u M n

!2!

3 < 1

< 1"

1 5

c 3
dt

1 5

c 3
dt

+ =

As
bd

2 !2! "

3 < 1 % 7%A% "

min =
As min =

2)

3 < 1+ bal = 0,851

3 < 1"
.

!"

0,25 f c'

fy

f c'
fy

1,4
fy

fy

0,25 f c'

"

bw d

1,4
bw d
fy

0,003
0,003 +
"

fy
Es
!"

0,004 = 0,851

f c'
fy

" !

0,003
0,003 + 0,004

"

t o, oo4 (

M n = As f y d

a
2

. ) + 0,85 f c 1cb = As f y (

As f y
0,85 f c' 1b

As
bd

M n = f y bd 2 1 0,59

fy
f c'
+ M n = f y bd 2 1 0,59

+ c=

"

fy
f c'

= 0,9
+ = 0,59 2

" -

f c'
M u f c'
=0

+ 2
0,59 f y
f y 0,59bd 2

f c'
=

1,18 f y

c
0,003
=
(
d t 0,003 + t

t o, oo4

f y (-) M u
=
f c' f y bd 2

f c'
1,18 f y

M u f c'
f y2 0,59bd 2

t =

0,003d t
0,003
c

max = 0, 004

a = 1c

0-

J0
$

"

" )! +

)!
3! .

)$

As = bd

)!

' 0.

#)( $

!
-!"

" *!

3!

&+ 8FC

f c' = 21 ,

f y = 420 ,
E s = 200.000 ,

" )!

>

+ As 6 8?C @86 % B !!4 6

6 4 %777 D
6 47%777 D

6 477

7B D

! !

7 !4

(B

As 11,61x10 4
=
= 0,0129
bd 0,30 * 0,30
0,25 f c'

0,25 21
1,4
= 0,0027
= 0,0033
420
fy

min =

max = 0,004 = 0,851

min < < max ( 9O

c=

t =

t o,oo5 , !)

M n = f y bd 2 1 0,59

fy

As f y
0,85 f c' 1b

f c'
fy

0,003
21
0,003
6 7(7 AA
= 0,85 * 0,85 *
*
0,003 + 0,004
420 0,003 + 0,004

11,61x10 4 * 420.000
= 7(
0,85 * 21.000 * 0,85 * 0,30

0,003d t
0,003 * 0,30
0,003 =
0,003 6 7(77A4
c
0,11
"

fy
f

'
c

= 0,9

= 0,9 * 0,0129 * 420.000 * 0,30 * 0,30 2 * 1 0,59 * 0.0129

420
21

! !

M n =

(B4 D< !

-!"

&+ 8F?

f c' = 28 ,

f y = 420 ,

E s = 200.000 ,

>

6 477

7B D

7 !4

As 15,30 x10 4
=
= 0,0306
bd 0,20 * 0,25
0,25 f c'

0,25 28
1,4
= 0,0031
= 0,0033 (
420
fy

min =

max = 0,004 = 0,851

< max (

fy

f c'
fy

!" !

A(7

"

l
+ h=
= 0,32 !(
16

+
" "

! )67(47 ! #)+' Q +4

&

+ 7(47@7(8A@4( @ (?
+
/

&

)!

3 ! + (4 R (B S (

+ R

&

A(7 ! .

!
)
+

! '67(8A !( 67(87 !
+ (A$
#D<P
!$
(BA
C(77

wu = 14,80 D<P
!

&

!" !
" 0
0 "
" "
$0
+M
< 1 % %A%4
)

" "

! 7(7788

0,003
28
0,003
6 7(747B
= 0,85 * 0,85 *
*
0,003 + 0,004
420 0,003 + 0,004

-!" " ) !
.
)2
C D<P
!#

"
!
!

6 47%777 D

! !

+ As 6 A 7 @86 %A87 !!4 6 A(87

6 4?%777 D

?(BA
(77
4(BA
(?7S (?7

D<P
!%
. "

&

Mu =

wu l 2 14,80 * 5 2
=
= B(4A D< !
8
8

f c'
=

1,18 f y

f c'
1,18 f y

min =

max = 0,004 = 0,851

min < < max ( 9O

As = bd = 0,0072 * 0,20 * 0,30 = (84 7 !46 84 !!4

c=

t =

t o,oo5 , !)

9"

0,25 f c'
fy

As f y
0,85 f c' 1b

"

46,25 * 35.000
= 7(77C4
0,9 * 420.000 2 * 0,59 * 0,20 * 0,30 2

0,25 35
1,4 1,4
= 0,0035
=
= 0,0033 (
f y 420
420
f c'
fy

! 7(778A

0,003
35
0,003
6 7(74 8
= 0,85 * 0,80 *
*
0,003 + 0,004
420 0,003 + 0,004

4,32 x10 4 * 420.000

= 7(78? !
0,85 * 35.000 * 0,80 * 0,20

"

!"

).

= 0,9

&+ 4FB #4? @46AB? !!4$( 4F R FA #4@ 4 R

"

0,003d t
0,003 * 0,30
0,003 =
0,003 6 7(747C
c
0,038

35.000
1,18 * 420.000

6 47%777 D

M u f c'
2
f y 0,59bd 2

35.000
=

1,18 * 420.000

f y = 420 ,

6 8A%777 D

= 0,9

"

f c' = 35 ,

+ 4FB #4(48A@46 ( C D<P

!$( 4F R FA #4@7(

6 AC !!4$
R (AA468(A D<P
!$

4F R FA

As 4,57 x10 4
=
= 7(77CB
bd 0,20 * 0,30

= 0,9

M n = f y bd 2 1 0,59

M n =

M u M n ( 9D

(74 D< !

fy
f

'
c

= 0,9 * 0,0076 * 420.000 * 0,20 * 0,30 2 * 1 0,59 * 0.0076

420.000
35.000

(
1 .

"

)!

"

< 1+

& < 1+

,* !

3!

"

'

' !2!

3!

" "

0K