"Galea UNIVERSITY ; j : “CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OFF OceAIRTMENT — * “7 Final Exevnin- : TRANSPORT PHENO ENOMEN/ 1 RAPELICETIO _ a) Peave that che tang ntial velocity, 1) seandiss ocho a 7 patmeen tein reaxie cylinders—of- wad Rand RK oe ap viscent cali cases7290 yy 22, Yo 2g UV =e E AMES per 20 snplex,patentisl oot Lam | by Be ~Gecerihes. the 2h aaeattal3 - A.riple effect forced cil evapol to concentrate 2.10% solution of NaGiHd to-50% the feed 's to-be at 100°F & is to be of such an seaout 2s to contain 5 tons NaOH 2er hour, steam is available at 236 °F 2. p.s.i) and 2 vacuum of 28 inch (referred to 2 30 inch barometer) may te t d values of the overall coctficient are U; = 1100 , Un = 600 Uyy = 400. Forward feed is to'be ised. Radiation losses and losses by entrainment may be neglected. Condensate may be assumed to lee-e at the satuzation temp. of the steam. ting Surface “must be used if all effects are to have the same ‘and what is the steam conssmption ? what is the evaporation per = . + x woes Od | 0.133 | 0.204 | __ 05 TCE) = 100°F | 226 207 |= [waBruty | = 0. NS iso! 202 Ta (F) | 236° = | 220 190 101 AC Bu/lb){| 955 = L965 948 1037 = 24960 fo/hr ese fi 102. Cy seam 70.48 Bawlb °F=.2- Carbon dicxide undergoes the following irreversible reaction with sodium rbonates:- ‘Moat CO; + NaCO; + HO. —> 2NaHICO; ae CO? dissolves in a solution of sodium carbonate in water and diffuses into the sulk phase. As it diffuses, it undergoes the ebove irreversible reaction. Develop an expcession for the concentration profile of carbon dioxide in.the hase and the rate of mass transfer at interface. : Boundary conditions: auz=0 Ca zl Y, cet Where zis the finear dimension , L is the depth of the container Cy is the ¢ carbon dioxide concentration 2nd Cag is the initial carbon dioxide concentration. >- Steel, with az inithil carbon concentration of 0.30% by weight, is placed in a cbonizing atzosphere for 1.5 hr. The surface concentration of carbon, C.s, is 6.75%. The diffsivity of carton in steel is 1.1x10"" m’/sec at the existent conditions of pressure and terzperature. Obizin the concentration of carbon at 15, 0,025 ard 0.045 cm under the surface of the steel. ing the following relation = Cas — Co(Cog— Ca) = ef 0/2 are Cy, is the concentrati Master/ 2004Maydiana “TT RaxsmeT PHENOMENA a Sept. 2004 - Bee allowed =.3-h- Coe Total “marks = 100 Atronp tal questions. Fy i “ffi ge shennan fo _wiscans Newtonian \ncompreserbie Burd Plows :dowaward.on the outside off -smoff-..cie jot)... - hie heh thew lasily islet btionn ie “fall¢ é oe = oath how that the complex potertial 19 =. _ ZZ Can “ f deseribe Che thea neat a plane (ly nation prin 2 sv. {Fig+2) and hence fad the velod. components Te Fy OOS) and MG59)s What is the physical eT Sige Rican: of . _s 2 OTL) i — orRv oe ter i flows th-. 4 Straight, level run ‘Sem d Pipe t pressure g smooth he viscosity is | cediens along the length of the pipe re 5 bar /im [bse 2 4 kg lem™] fermias tre wall shear stres Tt i igen) etergine the 7 Prichan velouks oy : OMe Nw ey be leebaleat ine Vat rel Cxebalert determing, many & pres : Eecmine the €hick SS acing tre Slow 2 center cf the Sof the boundary layer, wis turbelent ~ niversal vilo fs.ne Sy, é és into a catalyst pellet ough its pores and is f onverted to B through chemical reaction m the catalyst surface. Develop an expression for the concenitratic profile for species ‘A within the catalyst pellet . / wo i conditions :- | t=O Caldr =0 " y=R , Ca=Cas Boundary: where Ris the pellet radius ,r is the radix distance , Casis the surfacé concentration of gas A - _ cAn ailloy has been formed into porous spheres with 27% voids radii ofr= 6 mm. The voids are completely filled with a solution of KCI in water of concentration of 0.2 g KCV/cm’. After exposure to pure flowing water, 85% of the salt is removed from the spheres: in4.65-hrs, the temperature was 26°C and the average diffusivity of KCI in water is 1.83x10 * m’/ sec If the spheres had been soaked with a K,CrO, solution of concentiation.0.26 g/ cm’ , determine the time required for « 85% of the salt to leave when the spheres are placed in a moving stream of water which contains Ws EK CrO, yom? The average diffusivity of Ky CrO, in water is 1.13x1 0° m/sec at 26°C. Use the unsteady state diffusion figure. Where, sphere radius == a - Es = ( Cs,t— C’s,00)/(.Cso = Cs,00) = Deff t/a’. Cs,t= is the salt concetration at any time. Cs, » = is the salt concentration after long time. Cso = is the initial salt concentration at t= 0. Deff = effective diffusivity m’/sec be bx t=time aE {cad i 2 ited-. CAIRO UNIVERSITY CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT M.Sc. Exam in = —Teansport Shenomens._ Sept.--1938 . Attempt All Questions: {RD Aapach of alah cation system consists of two Qh) seieeular. disks between which a labsieant flows eC) rake flow Lakes place because of i wdeep Ap bebwten the inner anal. cuter pans, . The system is sketched ia Fy datward ©: The radius the ressible: Newtes! Lr and assume rer that U = eoeo Show that f the jack n of continuity enables one te ~ simplify the. ay of motion ia =gf* . _ dh A vet 5 ota stich poe ani aw faunghen of 2-onl - The continuity > W>> B. The duct has porous willy or and ¥= B, so that a constant cross flow can be maintained, with V, = Vo, a constant, see nate: Flows of this type are important in connection with separation processes using the coma diffision effect. By carefully controlling the eros Mow, one can concentrate the large, Lan iuents (molecules, dust particles, etc.) near the upper wall |: Show that the velocity profile for the sysrens given by on v, -o2P)B* ify ew . AL A B I. Show that the mass flow rate inthe x direction is mn ate LL +) aL A\2 ef] . : ttt ttt tty tt,fia Callum £5 Cau Cyne item al Min hiye se Nai in'water 5. Using quasi-steady-state arguments, derive an expression for the ri water, tof the Best of luck 2 Bru ” Osama Abd ElBary SeifFateen Ahmed Eissa 4. Derive the steady state concentration pr Zoic acid and NaOH as fino : and the diffusivity radius of the benzoic acid sphere as @ function of the initial radius Ro, the density of benzoic acid, Weight, Cro, Con, the diffusivity of benzote acid in water, and the diffusivityDepartment of Chemical Kngineering ‘Transport Phenomena Exam Faculty of Engineering Time Allowed: 3 hours Cairo University MSc. Prep. Year, September 2006 This is an OPEN BOOK exam Please read the questions carefully aud organize pour timet Part 1. Momentum Transport (37 point) qa 1 IF dis symmetric tensor and 2 is skew symmettic tensor, show that the skew symmetric tensors always have "zeros 5 diagonal elements. Th. Verity that (ys so» fe yt] ou))= [py NL. “The first invarian: of the rate of strain tensor is abvays equal to-zere for ine ‘ompréssible {nics", Menke state weaver the preceding statement is huh oe Lhe and why? [You have fo show steps to justify your answer, blind guessing does not get credit} 'V. Check sweather this relation is trie and false and why: (Ve sv) (Vsor) 0. Note that (2) A rod of radius x® meves upward swith a constant veiogity vy through a cyline ical container of inner rudine 3 containing a Newtonian liquic. The liquid virenlates in the cylinder, moving apnatd along the moving central rod and moving dewmen cy along the fixed container wail. Find the velocity distebuen yah Tygilat region, for from the end disturbances. Flows similar te this occur in the seals of some reciprocnting mech ery for Pample, in the amular space between piston rings 1. First consider the problem where the ennuler region is quite the ans thal is, where avis just slighly less thin unity. la llat eases the ‘anouliis may be appraximated! by a thin plane sie ca the sa vature can be neglected. Show Mit in this limit, the velocity distribution is given by Next work the problem without the thin-slit assumption. Show that the velocity distribution is given by: 2 )-4 H Next, work the problem without the thin-slit assumption. Show given by: 1 1] Cylinder ot tent san ines rats 8 Se where = r/R . the velocity distribution is ( #[ =ea | 2 Honts'ransport (9 Pomtsy (3). & Problems of heating or cooling spheres are hest solved using: the differential energy balance written in spherical coardinales. Derive this equation for the case where there ig no variation of temperature with angular position bo A fire started on the ground raises the Surface femperature almost immediately t6 1800*P. The inital temperature for a depth of several feet, however, is 60°F. ifthe fire maintains the Tae tenn ei t00"F for an hour, find the temperature at a leneh crt flat the end of this time, The thermal diffusivity of the soil ‘is 0.020 7h, (4). A heating element is constructed front carbon in the shape of a bar 3 in wide, 1/2 in thick, and 3 ft long [as shown in the figure} When a potential of 12 V is applied to the ends of the bar, its surface reaches a uniform temperature of 1400 “P. What is the temperature at the center of the bat? The electrical resis ivity of the bar is 1.3 10 Qf, and the thermal conductivity is 2.9 Btu/h FF. (Consider dvdx = 0 at x = 0} 3in (4). Pyrex glass is almost impermeable to all gases but heli, For example, the Uitusivity of He through pyrex is about 25 times the diffusivity of 12 theoueh pyve, hyutiapen being the closest "competitor" in the diftision process, This Faet suegests that 9 method fur sepia hella fiom Halural gas could be based a the relative diffuses Hates Thrauph fyi~_JganispoRT PHENO rE NA —- - Tine ALLOWED oA Consider tlle laeninar cteasly "Flows of aa. incompressi _Newtaniqn Fluid between cto - parallel plates where othe ~Youte one oll. Figs L).is sationsry * andthe wep per a constant --velotey Nth ween ee yee a Fig.l ‘ve Yeo. - --o- Show thet - the welecthy in the athe. position & | woboady Ts ib at + 4 Be °) Show that -the.“ei vametric fad fle Q for steel breadth L perpendicular TB, bhe page ig 29ty oar he ae 2) hel Couette Plow Aleem ieee: cas ay ed case thal &P.= a Gade Ve eu Tenement + BSB E84 Ve = BE ee ee . ay, OM, 3g 9 Be Ve) — BORE Sy Taye Oz +] ee ational -—C % L ‘tay potent al — p- the f 24? ) 2 aserib Vs— a) Show tal or the Seay patentia X approach sel 5 re potential are’ [flow quad sheiain fraction Reif ay Val - ro sin Q@— Wy = 2 sini er lige —% Ro —_— 2 —-Ye* 1s O— Ur cas.0. 2re oThe strane fhe and. velocity —to-the velociky ¢ components in spherical P Pr =the. Potlowing of Lotions Seite cad ve 17 Cos 6 — £0). © y far from J q sphere swith and velo cob w ©. potential are coluted V coordinates byMsp yt a Ox Boje BX Og we tear 5 ap Lyte AYES yoo at UK = 2 ozo +6 | Boe Uy= V 4a€ J = L ctp Ac v=ap 24 Gt : pC | pa Re HE 2 (bP Sy 4VY maa by Gat0 \) a hie rR S (| b ala L(y) + feet = | Ag lok, ye ee + Jus | = bf ap LI. gh = Sty ye? [soe + Mel]. @er =o J BOT be “4 wa 0 Bee é >MSc -Exam ed co LE ARO_ UNIVERSITY. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. DEPARTMENT FINAL EXAM IN : “TRANSPORT PHENOMENA Fille wed = 3 F May 1394 z iE a cylindrical coordinak 1 Attempt all questions / Sdn a gas eb Leorption experiment & viscous Sluid Flows downward sn the outside of a small Circular tu! ( Fig. 1). Show that 2h ia the eta Fil Cite a) eral wttion 2 4 ms and then fad the,vel Naglect prassure V6! O48 ey aehow that the Semplex potential i 2 ~leseribe the pig Reap an plane. {« fs (Fig. 2) and hele fad the y Fy OSD andl as 4)ye Vohuk s138:Reance of a 2 The viscosity “is | entpsise, . © PPESSHTE G cadien? along the | ength of the-pipe ig bar Jim Citar et kgf] Feeminn. the wall shear strece Tw, Gio) é =F ba Wyo Haniing cleterminc. Mxaan, ero ie owt YW unl x oS + As wolwe TIS Ae , Sm \ “i i\ Br a % ne oe SY eA Y > AR i al . [x an ia 4 & Ei \e26S2 jae? - ck, alegre bn 1 FARE gic’ 3 Contest of inbegtotve a equetion # using Cond Cons Des yer He AYA Pos yeo 2f20 pexd wat Bro wel Geo whan be ol” a) ns1 acceptable we cheesetta. 2° 8chaice Qaent nso th tty aio 3 POH qe @) ee ale \ em {Poe \ 2D,E ene (sin \ be. | ations | ms z Ons sane accrding do inital ¢~ Ao 0 f HE 22) fae % ee | Le e « : ° \ be 4 ee ere © = Fie, lo=$ a sits aoe re thee t ay ey ee \o ° 3 Clow bok Chane = b, v im tS hire Ry : BW 2k the Sth, 7 £ 4 Be 3 ae 2 = Jee, Comp fi ~ o{ E letase = TY fee Le“) . Met 7 @oy Y> XC -ae, iy Y U ex 6X%¥2 £4 - +" az ce Wien Fran (Weempresilh FO, PCre) t+ © !24€ 2g 8-82 dete. a -e Sa we) -l-e) Tfirmotey + (IE) KKgep Ts XY Gos Osb ~ a sey err | eT 2. 40> Simuk ~ LYT= yey «Leu — 4 tiem (| SNe US yeob)* oe Ci-é) UC Gos wee AT 2 ws stor > Ge SF LOL YRinsh oo. eles oE\e] Ot= Xe Wa |(20 Jat cay My Chat Cte fly - MQ 3 te Ca —— CaS Cie ee hay a Se ss(4) (20 Marks] Inthe system below let the fluid be at rest before t = 0. At time t= 0 a constant force is applied to the fluid at the wall in the positive x direction, so that the shear stress ‘ye takes on a new constant value 1, at y~ 0 for 1 > 0. (@)[4 Marks} Write down the Navier Stokes equation in x direction and simplify to omit the vanishing terms, (Do nof solve the differential equation at this point!) (b)[4 Marks] Differentiate the previous differential equation in (a) with respect to y and multiply by - to obtain a partial differential equation for tx (y. t). “) (c) [4 Marks] Write the boundary and initial conditions for this equation 2 a (4) [4 Marks] Solve using the method of combination of variables to obtain: Tw y = 1 — orf — * vin [+2 (c) [4 Marks] Use the result in (d) to obtain the velocity profile. The following relation will be helpful ¥y =4(m), wheren~ 2 wi = Tol to Note that = 6G 1 Seg where $= tol fra - erf udu = = x(1 ~ exfx) <0 \ ‘Fluid at rest t=0 Wall set in t == motion y / aly.) Uv PA t>0 7 — Fluid in Ye unsteady Saeneneenncaeeientonafiemscomaees SOW To Figure 2. Schematic representation of prablem 4 Best of Luck, Dr. Ahmed Sherif Bisse: , 29