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  • Guide Um Thermo

    Transféré par

    Siegfred Laborte
    20 vues1 page
    This document provides a brief history of thermodynamics from the 17th century to the early 20th century. It outlines key developments such as the invention of thermometers in the 17th century, the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics in the mid-19th century, which defined the concept of energy, and the second law of thermodynamics, which introduced entropy. It also describes the development of the kinetic theory of gases and statistical thermodynamics in the late 19th century, which examined the microscopic behavior of atoms and molecules and laid the foundations for modern thermodynamics.

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    brief hitory

    Titre original

    guide um thermo

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    This document provides a brief history of thermodynamics from the 17th century to the early 20th century. It outlines key developments such as the invention of thermometers in the 17th century, the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics in the mid-19th century, which defined the concept of energy, and the second law of thermodynamics, which introduced entropy. It also describes the development of the kinetic theory of gases and statistical thermodynamics in the late 19th century, which examined the microscopic behavior of atoms and molecules and laid the foundations for modern thermodynamics.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    20 vues1 page

    Guide Um Thermo

    Transféré par

    Siegfred Laborte
    This document provides a brief history of thermodynamics from the 17th century to the early 20th century. It outlines key developments such as the invention of thermometers in the 17th century, the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics in the mid-19th century, which defined the concept of energy, and the second law of thermodynamics, which introduced entropy. It also describes the development of the kinetic theory of gases and statistical thermodynamics in the late 19th century, which examined the microscopic behavior of atoms and molecules and laid the foundations for modern thermodynamics.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 1

    A Brief History of Thermodynamics

    Energy & First Law

    Entropy

    Statistical thermodynamics

    Air thermometer
    (Galileo 1597)
    Alcohol thermometer
    (Ferdinand 1660)
    1700

    Mercury thermometer
    Fahrenheit scale (1714)
    Celsius scale (1742)

    1750

    Heat intensity & heat


    quantity (Black)
    Caloric theory (x)
    Graf von Rumford

    1800

    1850

    Energy (Young 1807)


    Dulong-Petit rule (1819)

    Mercury pressure-meter
    (Torricelli 1643)
    Steam machine
    (Papin 1681)

    Steam engine
    (Watt 1763)

    Stirling engine
    (1816)
    Carnot engine
    (1824)

    First law: dQ=dU+dW


    (Clausius 1850)
    U: internal energy
    (Kelvin 1851)

    Carnot cycle
    Second law
    (Clausius 1850)
    Entropy:

    Gas expansion law


    (Chareles 1787)
    Atomic hypothesis
    (Dalton 1803)

    Chareles-Gay-Lussacs law
    (1802)

    Avogadro hypothesis (1811)

    PV~RT (Clapeyron)

    Brownian motion (1827)

    Liquefying Cl2
    (Faraday 1823)

    PV diagram
    (Clapeyron)

    dS=dQ/T

    (Clausius 1865)

    1900

    Boyles law (1662)


    Mariottes law (1676)
    Kinetic theory of gasesA brief view (Bernoulli 1738)

    Mayer (since 1842)


    1cal=4.18 J (Joule 1843)
    Helmholtz (since 1847)
    Absolute temperature
    (Kelvin 1848)

    Chemical Potential
    (Gibbs 1878)

    States & Third Law

    Kinetic theory of gasesA simple model (Kronig 1856)


    Kinetic theory of gasesMean free path (Clausis 1857)
    Gas speed distribution
    (Maxwell 1859)
    Boltzmann factor (1872)
    S~lnW (Boltzmann 1877)
    Maxwell-Boltzmann
    distribution (1871&1877)
    Ensemble (Gibbs)
    Weins law (1893)
    Boltzmann constant (1900)
    Planck constant (1900)
    Discontinuity of matters
    (Perrin 1908)
    Bose-Einstein distribution
    (1924)
    Fermi-Dirac distribution
    (1926)

    van der Walls equation


    (1873)
    Critical point
    Curies law

    LH2 (Dewar 1898)


    LHe (Onnes 1908)
    Third law (Nernst 1912)
    Superfluity
    (Landau-Lifshitz)
    Adiabatic demagnetization
    (Debye-Giauque)
    Diluted refrigerator
    (London 1951)

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