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Mechanical Systems

Grade 8 - Unit 4
Simple
Machines

Concepts

Machines from the Past


Sakia
Archimedes Screw

Aqueduct

Complex
Machines
System

change direction
multiply force
change speed
transfer force

Levers

Subsystems
st

nd

1 Class Lever

rd

2 Class Lever

3 Class Lever
Gears
Multiplying

Inclined Plane
(Ramp)

Work = Force x distance


Wedge

Reducing

Mechanical Advantage

Speed Ratio

MA = Output force

SR = Input distance

Input force

Output distance

Efficiency = MA x 100
SR

Screw

Parallel

Machine Efficiency

Efficiency = Workoutput x 100


Workinput

Pulley

Pascals Law

Pressure is transmitted equally in all directions throughout an enclosed fluid.

Linkage

Pressure = Force / Area


Wheel and Axle

Hydraulics

Transmission

Pneumatics

Mousetrap
Vehicle

Force of the small piston


Area of the small piston

Efficiency
Safety

Block and
Tackle

Effectiveness
Convenience

Steam Engine

=
=

Force of the large piston


Area of the large piston

Evaluation Criteria
Function
Design
Esthetics
Packaging

Cost
Improvement
Environmental Impact

Societal and Technological Impact of Machines


Bicycles
Egg
Pop Can
Early
Modern
Beater
Tab

MagLev
Trains

Robots

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