Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Instituto GEA
Universidad de Concepcin
Equipo de Trabajo:
Instituto GEA: Marcos Pincheira, Sonia Helle, Ursula Kelm y Oscar Jerez
Octubre-2012
2 cm
1- Microscopa ptica
en la fase inicial
2- Microsonda electrnica en
la cuantificacin de la
microqumica
3- Anlisis Qemscan de la
mineraloga cuantitativa de
mena
4- Difraccin de rayos X en
la caracterizacin de las
arcillas
Estudio de Microsonda:
Texturas de los cobres negros en imgenes de electrones retro
dispersados (BSE) de microsonda
Cu
11.73
0.14
5.13
2.55
Mn
2.98
0.07
0.97
0.70
S
0.14
0.03
0.07
0.03
Zn
1.15
0.05
0.42
0.46
Tabla 12: Estadgrafos bsicos de las fases de cobre negro ricos en hierro, contenidos en % en peso.
Elementos medidos
Mximo
Mnimo
Media
Desviacin estndar
Cu
21.21
0.00
2.84
2.91
Estadigrafos bsicos de las fases de cobre negro ricas en hierro muestras G-9 a G-25
Mn
Fe
Si
Al
Zn
P
Ba
K
Ca
Cl
S
5.11 70.66 13.62 4.91
1.57
1.55
0.18
2.31
8.73
1.04
4.86
0.04 23.25 0.03
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.60 49.54 2.79
0.75
0.39
0.23
0.08
1.02
0.42
0.09
0.12
0.93
8.10
2.71
0.91
0.37
0.37
0.03
1.17
0.63
0.13
0.33
O
45.26
21.00
35.97
3.49
Tabla 13: Estadgrafos bsicos de las fases de cobre negro ricos en manganeso, contenidos en % en
peso.
Elemento medidos
mximo
mnimo
media
Desviacin estandar
Cu
25.84
10.87
19.27
4.93
Mn
32.41
8.40
17.63
7.84
S
2.95
0.03
0.51
0.81
Zn
0.17
0.05
0.09
0.04
Tabla 14: Estadgrafos bsicos de las fases de cobre negro ricos en manganeso, contenidos en % en
peso.
Elementos medidos
Mximo
Mnimo
Media
Desviacin estndar
Tabla 15: Estadgrafos bsicos de las fases de cobre negro ricos en manganeso, contenidos en % en
peso.
Estadigrafos
Cu
Mn
12.65 35.18
0.76 10.31
4.15 22.75
5.12 10.07
Tabla 16: Estadgrafos bsicos de las fases de cobre negro ricos en hierro y manganeso, contenidos en
% en peso.
Izquierda; feldespatos y plagioclasas turbias por la alteracin arglica. Centro; clorita (color
verde) remplazando antiguos ferromagnesianos. Las zonas opacas (negro) corresponden
a minerales metlicos, en parte probablemente cobre negro. Derecha; biotita (color caf
claro) parcialmente remplazada a lo largo del clivaje por cobre negro. Microscopa ptica
luz transmitida, nicoles paralelos, (100-200 aumentos).
Muestra N
N
medicin
Mineral
% Peso
Si
Na
Al
Ca
Mg
Fe
Ti
Cu
Suma
109
Caolinita
22.85
0.13
18.03
0.14
0.21
0.43
1.11
n.d.
0.03
0.29
51.90
95.12
123
Caolinita
22.84
0.06
19.87
0.09
0.04
0.16
0.34
n.d.
n.d.
0.16
54.28
97.84
125
Caolinita
23.77
0.14
19.28
0.16
0.10
0.34
0.79
n.d.
n.d.
0.22
50.35
95.15
129
Caolinita
21.64
0.04
18.95
0.09
0.03
0.07
0.27
n.d.
0.07
0.29
50.73
92.18
135
Caolinita
21.14
0.05
18.77
0.04
0.09
0.82
2.09
n.d.
0.04
0.19
51.14
94.36
137
Caolinita
22.86
0.04
19.57
0.08
0.04
0.17
0.52
n.d.
0.02
0.36
50.70
94.36
103
Caolinita
22.43
0.03
18.83
0.04
0.16
0.13
0.22
n.d.
n.d.
0.08
48.89
90.82
112
Caolinita
22.07
0.16
18.31
0.11
0.16
0.25
1.15
n.d.
0.03
0.25
46.44
88.91
139
Montmorillonita (Fe)?
20.83
0.16
11.80
0.94
0.16
0.72
4.21
n.d.
n.d.
0.53
44.73
84.09
150
Montmorillonita (Mg)?
22.04
0.27
10.27
1.54
0.26
1.66
0.70
n.d.
n.d.
0.46
45.29
82.49
MDL (%)
0.0388
0.0172
0.0262
0.0231
0.0144
0.0176
0.0332
0.0368
0.0157
0.0394 0.2885
Tabla 29: Minerales de arcilla, como producto de alteracin de otros silicatos, especialmente
feldespatos.
N
medicin
37
41
47
48
51
64
71
75
102
118
120
121
124
127
142
145
147
154
158
159
162
165
42
155
36
126
45
138
161
67
70
69
11
53
100
81
Mineral
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Biotita-Cu
Clinicloro-Cu
Clinicloro-Cu
Clinicloro-Cu
Clinicloro-Cu
Clorita-Cu
Clorita-Cu
Muscovita
Muscovita
Muscovita
Anfibola-Cu?
MDL (%)
Si
18.41
17.21
17.68
17.54
17.49
16.50
16.49
16.73
17.29
17.01
18.23
17.67
16.72
17.08
17.29
17.78
16.59
16.98
17.65
17.71
17.10
17.24
17.38
16.39
20.15
16.17
12.97
12.99
12.88
11.04
20.82
22.38
21.41
21.30
21.78
23.11
0.0388
Na
0.12
0.13
0.10
0.13
0.09
0.10
0.16
0.13
0.12
0.08
0.15
0.09
0.15
0.20
0.11
0.13
0.16
0.11
0.26
0.18
0.19
0.17
0.14
0.17
0.12
0.21
0.08
0.02
0.03
n.d.
0.24
0.17
0.18
0.34
0.77
0.37
0.0172
Al
7.98
8.38
8.72
9.06
8.79
8.66
8.45
8.83
8.73
8.48
8.81
8.32
8.34
8.17
8.25
8.26
8.29
8.21
8.55
8.19
8.55
8.14
7.87
7.79
12.09
7.72
10.38
9.98
8.58
9.14
7.41
8.24
16.29
17.50
20.20
5.29
0.0262
Ca
n.d.
0.11
n.d.
n.d.
0.04
0.03
0.10
0.04
0.05
0.37
0.13
n.d.
0.06
0.15
n.d.
0.05
0.04
0.16
0.13
0.08
0.16
0.13
0.11
0.28
0.27
0.17
0.04
n.d.
0.10
0.10
1.44
1.48
0.04
n.d.
0.05
1.58
0.0231
K
7.76
7.37
8.21
7.81
7.89
7.26
6.67
7.16
7.81
6.98
7.79
7.59
7.37
6.38
8.06
7.85
7.56
6.62
7.35
7.51
6.81
6.88
6.47
4.35
2.29
5.86
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.15
0.41
8.98
8.55
7.86
0.75
0.0144
% Peso
Mg
Fe
10.38
7.88
9.83
8.11
9.94
7.92
9.90
7.99
9.60
8.29
7.53
12.46
7.80
12.30
8.35
10.91
7.84
11.52
8.51
8.48
9.51
9.34
8.55
9.74
8.01
10.86
8.92
10.05
8.83
10.54
8.46
10.99
8.31
10.71
8.69
9.35
8.65
10.48
8.44
10.43
8.36
10.82
8.53
9.72
9.69
7.75
8.17
9.63
4.87
4.49
8.34
9.96
12.56
12.26
11.24
15.86
9.10
12.59
10.82
22.04
1.12
4.73
1.42
9.26
1.99
2.39
0.99
1.66
0.10
0.62
1.58
15.49
0.0176 0.0332
Ti
1.80
1.80
1.67
1.80
2.01
1.21
1.54
1.45
1.39
1.91
1.71
1.57
1.88
1.85
2.22
2.33
2.36
1.89
1.80
1.70
2.24
1.56
1.96
2.16
0.32
1.84
n.d.
0.04
n.d.
0.08
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.22
0.04
n.d.
0.0368
S
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.03
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.0157
Cu
O
0.18
45.66
0.85
44.07
0.11
44.25
0.32
43.68
0.18
44.33
0.63
44.70
0.86
44.40
0.24
45.16
0.05
42.82
0.06
44.61
0.04
43.15
0.04
44.77
0.05
41.38
0.99
44.20
0.07
42.61
0.17
44.09
0.31
44.52
0.90
45.50
0.17
43.73
0.25
43.39
0.39
43.35
0.41
41.68
1.79
45.07
4.19
44.78
7.28
44.58
2.77
43.92
1.32
47.56
0.10
47.50
4.00
44.84
0.91
44.28
7.91
35.72
3.28
40.99
0.10
48.47
0.06
49.51
0.04
48.58
0.70
41.52
0.0394 0.2885
Suma
100.17
97.86
98.60
98.24
98.71
99.07
98.77
99.01
97.62
96.49
98.85
98.34
94.81
97.99
97.98
100.11
98.85
98.40
98.77
97.88
97.97
94.46
98.22
97.90
96.46
96.96
97.17
97.73
92.12
98.41
79.57
87.63
99.84
100.14
100.04
90.39
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Mineral
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K
Feldespato-K argilizado
argilizado
Feldespato-K
Feldespato-K argilizado
argilizado
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K
Feldespato-K argilizado
argilizado
Feldespato-K
Feldespato-K argilizado
argilizado
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K
Feldespato-K argilizado
argilizado
Feldespato-K
Feldespato-K argilizado
argilizado
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Feldespato-K argilizado
Feldespato-K
Feldespato-K argilizado
illitizado ?
Feldespato-K
Feldespato-K argilizado
illitizado ?
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Feldespato-K illitizado ?
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Feldespato-K illitizado ?
Feldespato-K
Feldespato-K argilizado
illitizado ?
Feldespato-K
Feldespato-K argilizado
illitizado ?
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Albita argilizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Albita argilizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Albita argilizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Albita argilizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Albita argilizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Albita argilizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Albita argilizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Albita argilizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Albita argilizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
Albita argilizada
Feldespato-K
argilizado
MDL (%)
Feldespato-K illitizado ?
Feldespato-K illitizado ?
Feldespato-K illitizado ?
Feldespato-K illitizado ?
Feldespato-K illitizado ?
Feldespato-K illitizado ?
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Plagioclasa caolinizada
Plagioclasa caolinizada
30.00
29.77
29.92
30.33
29.62
30.08
29.95
30.19
29.62
30.01
30.29
29.75
30.14
29.79
29.49
Si
29.75
28.92
29.92
28.89
30.13
29.27
28.99
29.50
29.52
29.57
29.51
29.68
29.41
29.80
29.20
29.89
29.44
29.30
30.05
30.83
29.68
29.54
30.23
30.03
29.93
30.00
27.03
29.77
25.21
29.92
24.57
30.33
25.51
29.62
25.34
30.08
22.79
29.95
23.41
30.19
29.10
29.62
29.51
30.01
18.39
30.29
24.06
29.75
21.83
30.14
22.88
29.79
22.90
29.49
22.39
29.75
21.73
29.92
23.65
30.13
23.95
28.99
29.39
29.52
29.62
29.51
30.80
29.41
28.85
29.20
29.81
29.44
28.95
30.05
29.57
29.68
29.64
30.23
26.17
29.93
24.61
27.03
0.0388
25.21
24.57
25.51
25.34
22.79
23.41
29.10
29.51
18.39
24.06
1.11
0.75
1.25
1.38
0.83
0.99
0.91
0.96
0.27
0.55
1.18
0.70
1.34
0.80
1.14
Na
0.65
0.44
1.01
1.15
0.59
1.17
1.58
0.88
0.66
0.91
0.72
1.17
0.87
0.77
0.39
0.50
0.42
1.60
1.03
0.91
0.82
0.80
1.65
0.51
1.00
1.11
0.19
0.75
0.52
1.25
0.53
1.38
0.36
0.83
0.56
0.99
0.10
0.91
0.53
0.96
4.92
0.27
7.27
0.55
3.44
1.18
0.22
0.70
0.17
1.34
0.20
0.80
0.16
1.14
0.19
0.65
0.19
1.01
0.96
0.59
0.26
1.58
6.35
0.66
7.41
0.72
8.46
0.87
7.04
0.39
8.13
0.42
7.81
1.03
7.49
0.82
7.85
1.65
7.48
1.00
7.50
0.19
0.0172
0.52
0.53
0.36
0.56
0.10
0.53
4.92
7.27
3.44
0.22
9.23
9.36
9.29
9.06
8.96
9.19
9.56
9.90
9.89
9.77
9.73
9.78
9.66
9.48
9.87
Al
9.60
9.48
9.57
9.66
9.72
9.54
9.38
9.33
9.72
9.59
9.40
9.59
9.68
9.44
9.53
9.48
9.63
9.41
9.49
9.50
9.69
9.08
9.67
9.23
9.67
9.23
9.65
9.36
9.05
9.29
14.65
9.06
8.31
8.96
14.71
9.19
14.72
9.56
15.40
9.90
11.47
9.89
11.09
9.77
7.02
9.73
18.92
9.78
12.83
9.66
11.89
9.48
11.80
9.87
11.41
9.60
9.81
9.57
11.66
9.72
12.82
9.38
11.80
9.72
11.00
9.40
10.49
9.68
11.79
9.53
11.02
9.63
10.36
9.49
11.41
9.69
11.04
9.67
11.16
9.67
10.14
9.65
0.0262
9.05
14.65
8.31
14.71
14.72
15.40
11.47
11.09
7.02
18.92
n.d.
0.03
0.03
n.d.
0.03
0.08
n.d.
0.04
0.03
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.03
n.d.
0.09
Ca
n.d.
n.d.
0.03
0.02
n.d.
0.05
n.d.
0.05
n.d.
0.02
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.02
n.d.
0.04
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.03
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.03
0.96
0.03
0.17
n.d.
0.21
0.03
0.26
0.08
0.48
n.d.
0.16
0.04
2.34
0.03
2.19
n.d.
2.16
n.d.
0.15
n.d.
0.93
0.03
1.18
n.d.
1.08
0.09
1.24
n.d.
1.70
0.03
1.32
n.d.
1.02
n.d.
2.82
n.d.
1.93
n.d.
1.20
n.d.
3.32
n.d.
1.96
n.d.
1.92
n.d.
1.96
n.d.
2.43
n.d.
2.19
n.d.
2.15
n.d.
0.0231
0.96
0.17
0.21
0.26
0.48
0.16
2.34
2.19
2.16
0.15
12.51
13.20
12.41
12.30
12.83
12.61
12.59
12.36
12.77
13.05
12.27
12.86
11.88
12.62
11.85
K
12.90
13.46
12.37
12.09
13.15
12.38
10.93
12.64
12.64
12.94
12.47
12.42
12.16
13.17
12.72
13.54
13.26
11.32
12.32
12.98
12.68
12.96
11.39
13.33
12.36
12.51
12.00
13.20
1.24
12.41
4.89
12.30
5.22
12.83
2.35
12.61
1.93
12.59
3.00
12.36
0.20
12.77
0.16
13.05
0.28
12.27
0.78
12.86
0.31
11.88
0.36
12.62
0.31
11.85
0.28
12.90
0.29
12.37
0.63
13.15
0.43
10.93
0.11
12.64
0.93
12.47
0.23
12.16
0.35
12.72
0.17
13.26
0.20
12.32
0.38
12.68
0.14
11.39
0.11
12.36
0.14
12.00
0.0144
1.24
4.89
5.22
2.35
1.93
3.00
0.20
0.16
0.28
0.78
0.02
0.06
n.d.
0.05
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.04
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.04
0.41
0.45
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.04
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.05
n.d.
0.04
n.d.% Peso
0.05
Mg
Fe
n.d.
0.06
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.04
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.06
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.05
n.d.
n.d.
0.02
0.12
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.04
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.04
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.05
0.02
0.06
0.64
1.54
n.d.
0.05
1.73
8.35
n.d.
n.d.
0.98
1.62
n.d.
0.04
0.59
3.37
n.d.
n.d.
0.97
3.29
n.d.
n.d.
0.59
1.65
n.d.
n.d.
0.51
1.17
n.d.
0.04
n.d.
0.07
0.41
0.45
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.02
0.08
n.d.
0.04
0.28
0.34
n.d.
n.d.
1.22
2.28
n.d.
0.05
1.32
2.32
n.d.
0.04
1.35
3.35
n.d.
0.05
1.42
2.81
n.d.
0.06
1.61
1.76
n.d.
n.d.
1.41
1.14
n.d.
n.d.
1.41
2.03
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.07
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.05
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.06
n.d.
0.07
n.d.
0.05
0.02
0.07
0.02
0.12
n.d.
0.07
n.d.
0.04
0.03
0.22
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.04
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.05
n.d.
n.d.
0.64
1.54
0.0176 0.0332
1.73
8.35
0.98
1.62
0.59
3.37
0.97
3.29
0.59
1.65
0.51
1.17
n.d.
0.07
n.d.
n.d.
0.02
0.08
0.28
0.34
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.05
Ti
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.05
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.05
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.0368
n.d.
0.05
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
S
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.09
n.d.
0.04
n.d.
0.05
n.d.
0.02
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.02
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
0.0157
n.d.
n.d.
0.09
0.04
0.05
0.02
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
47.98
0.04
48.32
n.d.
47.46
n.d.
48.01
n.d.
47.88
n.d.
47.66
n.d.
47.20
0.07
48.26
0.27
47.71
0.05
47.31
n.d.
47.93
n.d.
48.05
n.d.
48.24
n.d.
47.19
n.d.
47.92
Cu
O
n.d.
47.52
0.13
47.58
n.d.
47.70
0.04
48.29
0.04
47.55
n.d.
48.32
n.d.
48.26
0.52
47.83
n.d.
48.91
n.d.
48.26
n.d.
48.27
n.d.
48.14
0.04
45.26
n.d.
48.20
n.d.
47.70
n.d.
47.42
n.d.
48.05
n.d.
47.85
n.d.
48.76
n.d.
47.32
n.d.
48.05
0.04
46.86
n.d.
47.68
0.04
47.81
n.d.
47.64
n.d.
47.98
n.d.
42.94
0.04
48.32
0.72
47.41
n.d.
47.46
0.25
47.00
n.d.
48.01
0.50
37.30
n.d.
47.88
0.62
44.62
n.d.
47.66
0.26
44.73
n.d.
47.20
0.32
43.34
0.07
48.26
0.05
52.17
0.27
47.71
n.d.
46.30
0.05
47.31
1.07
51.48
n.d.
47.93
0.28
46.18
n.d.
48.05
0.62
48.99
n.d.
48.24
0.60
48.24
n.d.
47.19
0.44
46.61
n.d.
47.92
0.56
46.95
n.d.
47.52
0.46
44.56
n.d.
47.70
0.74
47.62
0.04
47.55
0.69
44.49
n.d.
48.26
n.d.
50.71
n.d.
48.91
0.05
50.52
n.d.
48.27
0.06
50.30
0.04
45.26
n.d.
50.38
n.d.
47.70
0.07
50.73
n.d.
48.05
1.50
50.66
n.d.
48.76
0.62
49.23
n.d.
48.05
n.d.
50.64
n.d.
47.68
n.d.
54.31
n.d.
47.64
n.d.
53.69
n.d.
42.94
0.0394 0.2885
0.72
47.41
0.25
47.00
0.50
37.30
0.62
44.62
0.26
44.73
0.32
43.34
0.05
52.17
n.d.
46.30
1.07
51.48
0.28
46.18
100.91
101.52
100.36
101.12
100.15
100.62
100.21
101.81
101.42
100.74
101.45
101.14
101.34
99.92
100.46
Suma
100.48
100.01
100.60
100.14
101.19
100.73
99.14
100.79
101.45
101.30
100.37
101.00
97.48
101.38
99.59
100.85
100.94
99.52
101.69
101.54
100.92
99.31
100.67
100.95
100.65
100.91
93.99
101.52
95.19
100.36
94.72
101.12
81.46
100.15
92.76
100.62
87.32
100.21
87.85
101.81
100.32
101.42
96.52
100.74
83.94
101.45
91.19
101.14
89.18
101.34
89.00
99.92
88.01
100.46
87.26
100.48
82.14
100.60
89.12
101.19
87.10
99.14
101.26
101.45
101.52
100.37
101.55
97.48
101.81
99.59
101.99
100.94
101.47
101.69
100.91
100.92
101.74
100.67
101.42
100.65
98.23
93.99
95.19
94.72
81.46
92.76
87.32
87.85
100.32
96.52
83.94
91.19
Composicin qumica y
densidad del mineral
Agrupamiento mineral
presente estudio
Background
Oxidados de cobre
Filosilicatos con Cu
Ganga
Descripcin
Atacamite
Fe-Cu Black Copper
Fase liberadas de cobre negro rico en Fe e interfaces cobre negro-Fe con otros minerales
Mn-Cu-Black Copper
Fase liberadas de cobre negro rico en Mn e interfaces cobre negro-Fe con otros minerales
Cu-Clays
Cu-Biotite
Cu-Muscovite-Sericite
Cu-Chlorite-Clinichlore
Sulfuros primarios
Alumino-silicatos
Filosilicatos
Carbonatos
Sulfatos
G-1
Chrysocolla
3.13
Fe-Cu Black Copper
30.11
Mn-Cu-Black Copper
29.21
Atacamite
0.01
Cu-Chlorite/Clinichlore
0.02
Cu-Muscovite/Sericite
1.22
Cu-Biotite
1.87
Cu- Clay
1.86
Sulphide
0.44
Silicates
13.58
Phyllosilicates
10.83
Sulphates
7.07
Carbonates
0.02
Fe-Ti Oxides
0.25
Other Gangue
0.37
%P
G-2
G-3
G-4
G-5
G-6
G-7
G-8
G-9
G-10
G-11
G-12
G-13
G-14
0.30
0.43
0.85
1.69
0.45
0.13
0.22
0.06
0.01
0.03
0.12
0.07
0.
5.93
9.54
2.44
3.81
4.62
1.07
0.59
0.95
0.24
0.17
1.22
0.31
0.
0.36
0.21
0.30
1.13
0.02
0.11
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.23
0.00
0.
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.
3.26
0.46
0.01
0.02
0.11
0.18
0.19
0.54
0.02
0.06
0.08
0.00
0.
0.06
0.14
0.09
0.29
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.17
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.
2.90
14.73
0.10
0.08
0.28
0.50
0.60
0.50
0.04
0.05
0.64
0.03
0.
0.41
4.30
0.24
0.35
0.70
0.54
2.87
0.29
0.07
0.21
0.77
0.45
0.
0.02
0.02
0.08
0.11
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.25
0.09
0.05
0.09
0.
68.91 53.59 74.05 75.22 70.27 72.96 73.15 70.99 71.32 74.77 77.09 80.04 79
16.01 15.64 19.18 15.65 22.50 21.05 20.14 22.70 22.15 21.17 17.70 16.87 17
0.00
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.07
0.50
0.38
0.04
0.29
0.
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.13
0.21
0.08
0.04
0.03
0.18
0.05
0.
1.70
0.67
2.25
1.42
0.63
2.79
1.20
3.14
4.86
2.62
1.21
1.45
0.
0.13
0.17
0.36
0.20
0.34
0.46
0.71
0.43
0.52
0.41
0.62
0.34
0.
G-1
0.02
1.22
1.87
1.86
4.97
G-2
3.26
0.06
2.9
0.41
6.63
G-3
0.46
0.14
14.73
4.3
19.63
G-6
0.11
0.04
0.28
0.7
1.13
G-7
0.18
0.05
0.5
0.54
1.27
G-8
0.19
0.05
0.6
2.87
3.71
G-9
0.54
0.17
0.5
0.29
1.5
G-12
0.08
0.03
0.64
0.77
1.52
% Peso
G-14
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.71
0.77
G-17
0.94
0.25
1.19
0.37
2.75
G-18
1.96
0
1.61
0.01
3.58
G-21
0.21
0
1.61
0.01
1.83
G-22
0.19
0.42
0.48
1.17
2.26
G-23
0.68
0.05
0.75
1.46
2.94
G-24
0.14
0.02
0.34
0.52
1.02
G-25
0.3
0.11
0.57
0.55
1.53
G-26
0.36
0.03
0.44
0.31
1.14
Mn-Cu-Black
Copper
Atacamite
Chrysocolla
Fe-Cu Black
Copper
Mn-Cu-Black
Copper
Atacamite
Chrysocolla
Fe-Cu Black
Copper
Mn-Cu-Black
Copper
Atacamite
Chrysocolla
Fe-Cu Black
Copper
Mn-Cu-Black
Copper
Atacamite
Chrysocolla
Fe-Cu Black
Copper
Mn-Cu-Black
Copper
Atacamite
Muestra G-22
Chrysocolla
Muestra G-6
Atacamite
Muestra G-5
Mn-Cu-Black
Copper
Chrysocolla
Fe-Cu Black Copper
Mn-Cu-Black Copper
Cu Micas
Cu- (clay)
Silicates
Phyllosilicates
Fe-Ti Oxides
Others Gangue
Muestra G-3
Fe-Cu Black
Copper
Transiciones Minerales
Muestra G-2
Chrysocolla
Muestra G-1
0.00
34.07
9.42
1.88
3.53
24.30
1.03
0.01
6.34
6.26
0.00
11.88
9.15
8.13
12.89
28.15
0.46
2.19
5.92
40.67
0.00
0.56
0.44
5.80
0.86
0.17
4.28
9.18
14.62
2.80
1.63
2.72
2.33
2.02
0.08
27.29
0.00
21.54
1.58
0.89
11.71
25.03
2.40
0.13
6.94
2.53
0.00
1.94
18.34
1.86
9.00
18.17
23.51
5.20
3.80
39.82
0.00
0.77
0.50
10.83
1.91
0.58
9.35
18.46
8.27
0.58
1.15
22.69
13.46
2.88
0.19
7.12
0.00
18.01
0.21
1.13
16.94
43.34
9.79
0.03
1.41
1.62
0.00
0.37
33.02
9.50
24.08
20.30
1.65
0.89
2.58
50.18
0.00
1.35
9.05
15.15
4.23
0.25
1.72
6.12
6.52
0.00
1.45
14.33
26.09
12.32
0.16
2.33
0.00
24.46
1.59
1.83
3.14
28.73
2.83
0.08
8.28
19.63
0.00
3.24
5.19
3.80
14.61
16.62
12.69
6.41
11.18
28.35
0.00
0.49
0.99
13.83
3.42
0.30
7.39
30.43
9.15
0.43
4.68
4.04
15.11
3.40
0.00
11.28
0.00
35.97
0.09
0.58
5.90
29.02
4.26
0.06
2.85
9.73
0.00
0.42
3.58
7.48
23.04
33.07
2.59
2.03
3.28
59.65
0.00
1.54
0.00
4.05
4.25
0.00
2.70
12.84
8.45
0.34
1.01
9.80
22.97
10.47
0.00
5.41
0.00
17.51
1.02
3.21
10.63
18.53
2.96
0.06
9.46
14.11
0.00
1.39
11.64
7.31
10.29
23.23
9.08
2.30
8.02
13.61
0.00
2.70
4.10
21.61
14.12
0.50
9.49
24.79
4.55
0.21
2.89
10.54
7.23
7.85
0.00
16.53
Atacamite
Chrysocolla
Fe-Cu Black
Copper
Mn-Cu-Black
Copper
Atacamite
Chrysocolla
Fe-Cu Black
Copper
Mn-Cu-Black
Copper
Atacamite
Chrysocolla
Fe-Cu Black
Copper
Mn-Cu-Black
Copper
Atacamite
Muestra G-24
Mn-Cu-Black
Copper
Chrysocolla
Fe-Cu Black Copper
Mn-Cu-Black Copper
Cu Micas
Cu- (clay)
Silicates
Phyllosilicates
Fe-Ti Oxides
Others Gangue
Muestra G-20
Fe-Cu Black
Copper
Transiciones Minerales
Muestra G-17
Chrysocolla
Muestra G-16
0.00
23.24
0.50
3.95
16.80
25.33
4.59
0.11
2.43
4.44
0.00
3.74
2.89
2.20
5.56
21.54
43.25
3.18
0.62
24.33
0.00
0.39
0.26
10.80
9.30
0.93
14.62
10.89
1.99
0.00
2.61
32.82
7.06
18.40
0.31
2.45
0.00
16.67
0.36
11.30
14.28
18.14
3.95
0.04
7.38
1.41
0.00
0.47
9.52
1.76
3.79
17.41
52.56
2.65
0.72
11.16
0.00
0.95
0.81
6.99
4.89
1.11
28.26
17.70
4.07
0.09
8.67
17.61
8.41
5.84
0.09
15.49
0.00
2.88
6.73
0.00
0.96
48.08
3.85
0.00
6.73
0.01
0.00
4.59
1.17
8.06
8.25
35.83
21.36
7.48
0.01
2.93
0.00
0.01
0.05
7.03
2.00
0.19
48.84
0.00
0.23
11.90
0.11
2.40
1.72
5.49
0.11
68.88
0.00
32.25
1.02
0.64
8.92
9.95
2.59
0.04
8.00
20.30
0.00
0.54
6.77
5.07
9.65
26.27
14.87
2.08
18.10
15.22
0.00
0.05
1.08
11.15
5.92
1.76
12.08
26.56
6.25
0.00
3.13
15.23
11.33
10.16
0.00
3.13
Mineral/Muestra
Fe-Cu Black Copper
Mn-Cu-Black Copper
Razn Mn-Cu-BC/Fe-Cu-BC
G-1
30.11
29.21
0.97
G-14
0.22
0.00
0.00
G-2
5.93
0.36
0.06
G-15
0.16
0.00
0.00
G-3
9.54
0.21
0.02
G-16
2.06
1.17
0.57
G-4
2.44
0.30
0.12
G-17
3.04
0.22
0.07
G-5
3.81
1.13
0.30
G-18
0.51
0.31
0.61
G-19
0.32
0.58
1.81
G-6
4.62
0.02
0.00
G-20
0.82
2.84
3.46
% Peso
G-7
1.07
0.11
0.10
% Peso
G-21
0.44
0.11
0.25
G-8
0.59
0.02
0.03
G-22
4.30
0.35
0.08
G-9
0.95
0.01
0.01
G-23
1.85
0.01
0.01
G-10
0.24
0.00
0.00
G-11
0.17
0.01
0.06
G-12
1.22
0.23
0.19
G-24
2.39
0.23
0.10
G-25
1.76
0.14
0.08
G-26
0.69
0.22
0.32
G-13
0.31
0.00
0.00
G-27
0.52
0.10
0.19
G-1
0.02
1.22
1.87
1.86
4.97
G-2
3.26
0.06
2.9
0.41
6.63
G-3
0.46
0.14
14.73
4.3
19.63
G-6
0.11
0.04
0.28
0.7
1.13
G-7
0.18
0.05
0.5
0.54
1.27
G-8
0.19
0.05
0.6
2.87
3.71
G-9
0.54
0.17
0.5
0.29
1.5
G-12
0.08
0.03
0.64
0.77
1.52
% Peso
G-14
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.71
0.77
G-17
0.94
0.25
1.19
0.37
2.75
G-18
1.96
0
1.61
0.01
3.58
G-21
0.21
0
1.61
0.01
1.83
G-22
0.19
0.42
0.48
1.17
2.26
G-23
0.68
0.05
0.75
1.46
2.94
G-24
0.14
0.02
0.34
0.52
1.02
G-25
0.3
0.11
0.57
0.55
1.53
G-26
0.36
0.03
0.44
0.31
1.14
En las muestras con altos contenidos de biotitas-Cu y de clorita/clinicloroCu, el cobre negro se presenta remplazando estos minerales a travs del
clivaje o a partir de fracturas que permitieron la circulacin de soluciones
con cobre. La afinidad qumica de los elementos constituyentes de estas
especies principalmente Fe ++ y Mg++, permitieron el remplazo de ellas
por fases de cobre negro.
En todos estos casos con ocurrencia de filosilicatos portadores de cobre,
se trata de un cobre que se presenta texturalmente ocluido y podra tener
mayor dificultad para ser lixiviado.
Muestra
Cuarzo
Plagioclasa
K-Feldespato
G-1
**(*)
G-2
**(*)
**
G-3
**
***
G-4
***
**
G-5
***
**
*(*)
G-6
***
**(*)
G-7
***
**(*)
G-8
***
G-9
Clinocloro
Mica
Otros
** Esmectita, ** Yeso, * Bassanita
Tr
**
*
Tr
Tr Goethita, ? Epidota
Tr
Tr - *
**
? Calcita
**
Tr Hematita
**
Tr - *
**
? Caolinita
***
**(*)
**
G-10
***
**(*)
**
Tr Rutilo, ? Hematita
G-11
***
**
**
Tr anfbol
G-12
***
**(*)
**
G-13
***
**(*)
**
? Rutilo, ? Hematita
G-14
***
**
Tr
**
Tr Yeso, Tr Rutilo
G-15
***
**
Tr
**
Tr Yeso, Tr Rutilo
G-16
***
Tr
Tr
**
** Andalusita, ? Cuprita
G-17
***
**
**
G-18
***
***
actinolita *
G-19
***
**
Tr
Tr
G-20
***
**
Tr
**
G-21
***
***
**
G-22
***
**
Tr Rutilo, Tr Ankerita/Calcita
G-23
***
**
**
Tr Rutilo
G-24
***
**
**
Tr Rutilo
G-25
***
**
Tr
G-26
***
***
**
G-27
***
***
**
* Andalusita, Tr Anfibol
**
* Yeso
Muestra
Esmectita
Clinocloro
Mica
Caolinita
Otros
Tr
Tr Yeso
G-1
***
G-2
Tr
**
Qz, Fsp
G-3
**(*)
Tr 375C
**
Qz, Fsp
G-4
**
**
*(*)
Qz, Fsp
G-5
*(*)
*(*)
***
Qz, Fsp
G-6
**
***
Qz, Fsp
G-7
**
*(*)
***
Qz, Fsp
G-8
***
**
**
Qz, Fsp
G-9
***
***
Qz, Fsp
G-10
**
Tr 375C
***
Qz, Fsp
G-11
**
Tr 375C
***
Qz, Fsp
G-12
***
***
Tr
Qz, Fsp
G-13
**
***
Qz, Fsp
G-14
***
Qz, Fsp
G-15
**
**
Qz, Fsp
G-16
**
***
G-17
**
**
Qz, Fsp
G-18
***
***
Qz, Fsp
G-19
***
***
Qz, Fsp
G-20
***
***
Qz, Fsp
G-21
***
**
Qz, Fsp
G-22
**
**
Qz, Fsp
G-23
Tr
**
Qz, Fsp
G-24
**
**
Qz, Fsp
G-25
**
**
Qz, Fsp
G-26
***
**
Tr
Fases no-filosilicatos
G-27
**
**
Tr
Fases no-filosilicatos
Acetato de Amonio
pH 4,5
Clorhidrato de
Hidroxilamina pH 2
Oxalato de Amonio
pH 3,3
Oxalato de Amonio
pH 3,3 50C
50
60
40
30
40
20
20
10
0
0
0.21 / 0.30
0.29 / 0.43
0.37 / 0.45
0.46 / 0.53
0.94 / 1.07
0.92 / 1.03
0.17 / 0.39
0.17 / 0.30
0.15 / 0.19
0.29 / 0.54
0.36 / 0.62
0.23 / 0.29
0.05 / 0.12
0.07 / 0.14
0.08 / 0.15
0.27 / 0.35
0.07 / 0.13
0.06 / 0.13
0.27 / 0.38
0.29 / 0.45
0.28 / 0.36
0.55 / 0.62
0.48 / 0.52
0.28 / 0.32
1.92 / 2.19
0.66 / 0.77
4.25 / 4.27
80
Mineralizacin (% peso)
100
70
Silicates
60
80
Other Gangue
Fe-Ti Oxides
Phyllosilicates
Cu-Clay
Cu-Micas
Mn-Cu-Black Copper
Chrysocolla
Cu etapa 4
Cu etapa 3
Cu etapa 2
Cu etapa 1
15
80
60
10
40
5
20
0
0
0.21 / 0.30
0.29 / 0.43
0.37 / 0.45
0.46 / 0.53
0.94 / 1.07
0.92 / 1.03
0.17 / 0.39
0.17 / 0.30
0.15 / 0.19
0.29 / 0.54
0.36 / 0.62
0.23 / 0.29
0.05 / 0.12
0.07 / 0.14
0.08 / 0.15
0.27 / 0.35
0.07 / 0.13
0.06 / 0.13
0.27 / 0.38
0.29 / 0.45
0.28 / 0.36
0.55 / 0.62
0.48 / 0.52
0.28 / 0.32
1.92 / 2.19
0.66 / 0.77
4.25 / 4.27
20
Mineralizacin (% peso)
100
Cu-Clay
Cu-Micas
Mn-Cu-Black Cop
Chrysocolla
Cu etapa 4
Cu etapa 3
Cu etapa 2
Cu etapa 1
CuS/CuT
Mineralizacin (% peso)
80
50
60
40
30
40
20
20
10
0
0
1.25 / 3.61
0.49 / 2.14
0.41 / 1.32
0.86 / 2.18
0.75 / 1.46
0.21 / 1.01
2.22 / 4.68
0.34 / 2.19
0.46 / 3.73
1.67 / 6.06
0.20 / 2.52
0.39 / 1.84
0.75 / 1.77
0.86 / 1.85
0.80 / 1.84
0.95 / 1.95
0.92 / 2.66
1.00 / 2.69
1.12 / 3.01
1.56 / 2.53
1.48 / 2.99
1.04 / 2.22
0.86 / 2.02
0.36 / 1.42
1.61 / 3.11
1.19 / 2.50
0.62 / 1.86
100
70
Silicates
80
Other Gangue
60
Fe-Ti Oxides
Phyllosilicates
Cu-Clay
Cu-Micas
Mn-Cu-Black Copper
Chrysocolla
Fe etapa 4
Fe etapa 3
Fe etapa 2
Fe etapa 1
10
8
80
6
60
40
2
20
0
0
Mineralizacin (% peso)
1.25 / 3.61
0.49 / 2.14
0.41 / 1.32
0.86 / 2.18
0.75 / 1.46
0.21 / 1.01
2.22 / 4.68
0.34 / 2.19
0.46 / 3.73
1.67 / 6.06
0.20 / 2.52
0.39 / 1.84
0.75 / 1.77
0.86 / 1.85
0.80 / 1.84
0.95 / 1.95
0.92 / 2.66
1.00 / 2.69
1.12 / 3.01
1.56 / 2.53
1.48 / 2.99
1.04 / 2.22
0.86 / 2.02
0.36 / 1.42
1.61 / 3.11
1.19 / 2.50
0.62 / 1.86
100
Fe-Cu Black
Copper
Fe etapa 4
Fe etapa 3
Fe etapa 2
Fe etapa 1
Mineralizacin (% peso)
80
50
60
40
30
40
20
20
10
0
0
0.03 / 0.05
0.01 / 0.03
0.01 / 0.02
0.02 / 0.04
0.01 / 0.02
0.02 / 0.03
0.13 / 0.16
0.21 / 0.45
0.03 / 0.07
0.08 / 0.11
0.01 / 0.02
0.03 / 0.04
0.02 / 0.03
0.02 / 0.03
0.02 / 0.03
0.03 / 0.04
0.03 / 0.04
0.02 / 0.03
0.03 / 0.04
0.02 / 0.02
0.03 / 0.04
0.01 / 0.02
0.06 / 0.08
0.03 / 0.04
0.05 / 0.07
0.03 / 0.04
0.11 / 1.14
100
70
Silicates
80
Other Gangue
60
Fe-Ti Oxides
Phyllosilicates
Cu-Clay
Cu-Micas
Mn-Cu-Black Copper
Chrysocolla
Mn etapa 4
Mn etapa 3
Mn etapa 2
Mn etapa 1
0
G27: P-1171 Alta secuencia volcanica
Mineralizacin (% peso)
80
60
40
20
0.03 / 0.05
0.01 / 0.03
0.01 / 0.02
0.02 / 0.04
0.01 / 0.02
0.02 / 0.03
0.13 / 0.16
0.21 / 0.45
0.03 / 0.07
0.08 / 0.11
0.01 / 0.02
0.03 / 0.04
0.02 / 0.03
0.02 / 0.03
0.02 / 0.03
0.03 / 0.04
0.03 / 0.04
0.02 / 0.03
0.03 / 0.04
0.02 / 0.02
0.03 / 0.04
0.01 / 0.02
0.06 / 0.08
0.03 / 0.04
0.05 / 0.07
0.03 / 0.04
0.11 / 1.14
100
Mn-Cu-Black Copper
Mn etapa 4
Mn etapa 3
Mn etapa 2
Mn etapa 1
MnS/MnT