CHE 31.

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS

Lecture 12

Rec y cle, Bypass, & Purge

C alc u lation s

Prof. Manolito E Bam b ase J r. D ep artm ent of C hem ic al Eng ineering . University of th e
Philip p ines Los Baos

LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Recycle Stream

Recycle stream is a term denoting a process stream that

returns material from downstream of a process unit back
to the process unit.

Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos

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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Bypass Stream

Bypass stream is a stream that skips one or more stages

of the process and goes directly to another downstream
stage.

Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos

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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Purge Stream

Purge stream is a stream bled off to remove an

accumulation of inerts or unwanted material that
might otherwise build up in the recycle stream.

Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos

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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-1. Distillation of Benzene and Toluene

A distillation column separates 10,000 kg/hr of a mixture

containing equal mass of benzene and toluene. The
product D recovered from the condenser at the top of the
column contains 95% benzene, and the bottom W from
the column contains 96% toluene.
The vapor V entering the condenser from the top of the
column is 8000 kg/hr. A portion of the product from the
condenser is returned to the column as refux R, and
the rest is withdrawn as the fnal product D. Assume
that V, R, and D are identical in composition since V is
condensed completely.
Find the ratio of the amount refuxed R to the
product withdrawn D.
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos

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LEC TURE 12. Rec yc le, Byp ass, & Purg e

C alc u lations

Exam p le 12-1. D is tillation o f Benz ene and

To lu ene

Prof. Manolito E Bam b ase J r. D ep artm ent of C hem ic al Eng ineering . University of th e
Philip p ines Los Baos

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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-1. Distillation of Benzene and Toluene

Overall Process
Total Balance:
Benzene Balance:

10,000 = D + W
10,000(0.50) = D(0.95) + W(0.04)

Solving simultaneously, D = 5050 kg/hr ; W = 4950 kg/hr

Total balance around the separator:
8000 = R + D
R = 2950 kg/hr
Ratio (R/D) = (2950/5050) = 0.58
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos

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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose

Refned sugar (sucrose) can be converted to glucose

and fructose by the inversion process
C12H22O11 + H2O =======> C6H12O6 (G) + C6H12O6 (F)
The combined glucose and fructose is called inversion
sugar. If 90% conversion of sucrose occurs on one pass
through the reactor, what would be the recycle stream
fow per 100 lbm fresh feed of sucrose?
What is the concentration of inversion sugar in the
recycle and product streams? Assume that the two
streams are identical in composition. Refer to the
fowchart for the other details of the process.
Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos

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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose

Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos

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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Overall and Single Pass Conversion

Overall Conv. of A =

Input-Output

100 - 0
=
100 = 100%

Input

Input-Output

100 - 25

PROCESS

100

LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose

Solution:
Basis: 100 lbm of fresh feed
Overall Process

1. Total Balance:

P = 100 lbm

Mixing Point

2. Total Balance:
3. Sucrose Balance:
4. Inv. Sugar Balance:

100 + R = T
100(0.30) + R(xS)R = T(xS)T
(0) + R(xI)R = T(0.05)

Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos

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LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose

Reactor + Separator

T(xS)T T(xS)T(0.90) = (R + 100)(xS)R

5. Sucrose Balance:

Calculate for the pound of water consumed per pound

of sucrose consumed:
1 mol W

1 mol S

18 lbm W

= 0.0526

lbm W

1 mol S 342.35 lbm S 1 mol W

lbm S
6. H2O Balance:
(xW)R

T(xW)T T(xS)T(0.90)(0.0526) = (R + 100)

LECTURE 12. Recycle, Bypass, & Purge Calculations

Example 12-2. Conversion of Sucrose to Glucose and Fructose

Solving equations 2-8 simultaneously:

R = 20.94 lbm
T = 120.94
lbm
(xW)T = 0.698
(xS)T = 0.252
(xW)R = 0.6858
(xS)R = 0.0252
(xI)R = 0.289

Prof. Manolito E Bambase Jr. Department of Chemical Engineering. University of the Philippines Los Baos

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