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ETHIOLOGY
FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN
sel saluran nafas?
PARTIKEL
Retensi pd
sal. nafas
Reaksi
mukosa
terhadap
iritasi
Penetrasi
intraseluler
karsinogen
AUERBACH (1961)
KULLER (1991)
ROKOK
ROKOK
faktor pencetus
ca paru
koroner
stroke
1.Squamous-cell ca
2.Small cell ca
3.Adeno ca
CARSINOGEN LAIN
CHEMICAL
Vinyl chloride
RADIASI ION Uranium
Bom atom
MINERAL Asbestos
fiberglass
METAL
Nickel
Chromium
arsenic
KARSINOGENESIS
initiation
Promotion
Progression
PATHOLOGY
Bronchial Ca
Paru
kanan
Lobus
atas
>
Paru
kiri
>
Lobus
bawah
T.u
segment
anterior
6:4
KLASIFIKASI ANATOMI
1.central
bronkus utama
segment 1 lobus bawah
2.Segmental/intermediate
segment 3,4,5
3.Periferal
distal bronchi/bronchiolus
KLASIFIKASI HISTOLOGI
1.Squamous cell Ca
2.Adeno Carcinoma
3.Large cell
Undifferentiated Ca
4.Small cell
Undifferentiated Ca
5.Adeno Squamous Ca
KLINIS
KLINIS
TANPA KELUHAN
TIDAK SENGAJA
radiologi
NYERI DADA
infiltrasi ke dinding dada
SESAK
sumbatan bronkus
pendorongan/penjepitan
vena cava sup./jantung
NYERI TULANG
metastase
METASTASE
Direct
Lymphatic
hematogenous
Direct
ke sekitar melalui
dinding/mukosa/lymph
pleura p.d.paru dindind dada
diaphragma pericard jantung
tulang - syaraf
Tapi n.recurrent laryngeal
n.phrenicus
esophagus
Melalui lymph-node mediastinum
lymphatic
1.Ipsilateral
2.Kontralateral
hematogenous
sering
t.u vena
organ: otak hepar paru
tulang kelj adrenal
ginjal - pankreas
DIAGNOSIS
5% tanpa gejala
Gejala muncul 3-6 bulan
sakit
Gejala:
1.Bronchopulmonary
2.Extra pulmonary intra thoracal
3.Extra thoracal non metastatic
4.metastatic
1.bronchopulmonary
Iritasi
batuk
Ulserasi
batuk darah
Obstuksi
sesak
2.Extra pulmonary
intra thoracic
o.k metastase ke sekitar
suara serak
v.cava superior syndrome
nyeri bernafas
pleural effusion
mis: hiperkalsemia
hipoglikemia
Neurologic
mis: ensefalopati
polymiositis
Skeletal
mis: clubbing
Haematologic
mis: anemia, eosinofilia
Kulit, otot
mis: hiperkeratosis
hiperpigmentasi
Lain-lain: diarrhea, nefrotic syndrome
4.metastatic
nyeri tulang
hemiplegia
kejang
diagnostik
Klinis
Radiografi
Non-invasive diagnostic
sitologi sputum
tumor markers
CT-scanning
MRI
invasive
bronkoskopi + biopsi
transbronchial
Biopsi perkutaneus
Thoracoscopy
Biopsi kelenjar
regional
supraclavicula/
mediastinum
pengobata
Surgical
Pneumonectomy
lobektomi
Radiotheraphy
chemotherapy