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(rts) wham ave aca nds Sete TEs sareset wien Sppe ee airs OT TPF et TMCS Speers ones arg Steels (peo) aTocen afin face Aisa fie eaeee 2 aes ae aaecat! (se) are! Se ee CIO Se motes Se eee ese = fiery ore ot Serer! bres aefret ‘SSH OF, 3 2TH, STATS, ICA Ta, Fores, STENcorieca Rue Sere STC & BY Cao ce ae wEreTaT iz: le ager ae aeay Se a, TH Tar Ora | pee fleet ES ne eT | 27 Tee Pere Ty oe | = fod oe a eS es | Tne ceo | SmreR eT er | : eee | aa — Ten wriitere wirgeres | = aad j agrees oer Frasca Se Ae aT [sae aviary ce Freer aca/omca Ba ute srara/cerS mer | | Gee Sart Te BCT are fag ze | =e Seo SUNG) Bet ae a. | GH PRP AT TATE... ficerepn am “eta oT Sa a AAT.” STH Gr ‘GTO AN, iors SPei-onata ae er ssa —__| See crane aren. / area a reer ee... J a stare ¢ Srreanfa eteta eaten “cam coca” 1 >8bo fptee srrsTey Cats campy eerie ee ae Tray nH is See Ss ee eens een Sts er wat at * S1e Sram eterw mtectfeen offal raTra Fa | Sb GPCI ce SICH om ate TPT a aera feos | ¥ Sted artic ena ada sete snetfee off “arte ctceb" | af dro ste srnfecra Sonera SeMPAaTe Sree Te | * Te erm seats aaa Ge Aare. ETA eters) oros Epo stem melee, syou Grog ataafre (rere fsa fray aae prom Getiewt 98 =r tare nan ste feoee Gam ba Oe aa HEMT eae eT “ 4 RR aeniae aan Tes ANITA ASHAMLeG’ 1 sos Gebies weitere ore? fe aa sare] Core erfergers wig ema terres 1 : it ou afar stew cl (hbo) 4 “380 fee sce gaan Hon AMAR (Hiel aR Fearn, cage ere) eagaleen | meen anerere aaa realiieg Peal efaeraat | sheen sacra “resets om) - - —— Seren nescien FR ARTE STE & 00 ae x4 AS a ae arth enter Skye, rOTe HAT RINT inden Cate greet “aT owt ae CARR EE NTS TTT | " a ofa COTE EF (2729) | wage (Se80), “TE (opa3), Bret (9920) erat Tee caper (3528) - Fort zeta) ‘enfe’ sana &. Ht oases ( fete See ee ane MT SE CHT A TON CAPE TE Sa ay SRA THE EA, HH CSET es : GER ‘Bea PET: (2320, fees SP) @, qewn “See CO: ESTER TS | some CRSPUTA’ eta Heater orm Scares Cor hi a a caffe, wifra wif fem arf ernie a. Tees cay ae “Hw ‘afr TEStes ae; a aT SSE om oe Slat a iiata Te oieae Ser Ser (mere Coca BRST PE 23 on SNR TE tree Bae aaen sre Teg Te 1s wea ett Ta wee “eee GT a TE GE | Se oe arene ae SUS FN SI 6 wey MO ‘SHAS English Language and Litersture MCQ seam nistes of « uae mR McQ | * SiRem fear ¢ mens ee sdren inthe playground. : incountable —+ She always tres to give me some advice, Thave ao news for you. : Determiners + Uncountable Noy i uns!Plural Countal Degemines a ap rh Plural Countable Non oe ae aa tall any enough, sore, such SE | Uncountabl ee — Would you like having seme juice. Plural coun in | have sone friends natives n Us ‘ ig Dowel aaah Sone e Us leNoun + Do we have aaa Fats set ie lots of “3 TR Rata fear, Plural Countable Nouns : P2900 Dererminers STS CHOU] =e Plural Countable Noun 44 ited? aes HE) GT: Boh, many, few, | Tot of % lots of 48 Determiner afta ad Sa = ees 4 Se P| A for of AR | @ lor of ASE = Countable Ae Uncountable 5% 4 Noun oi owcy y £8 lone of nC crib SM Countable Plural Noun Si Get aes ea Examples: [have a fot of money to spend. Lars of students have secured GPA 5 this year, The Gender English Grammar-4 Gi Sense ait GABE aa wear Sema (ea 31 FR) WA Noun I Pronoun co —, #1 a1 UH, BF Gender a1 fA at 1 Gender 4 S4RUS4 : Gender 8 er "i Beane Gender (ME) ne en oe (Betem) | (Sef); 4, Neuter Gender 3 BURRS FOR Word SEW Fa A Feminine ROA ASS A) COR: Amazon (920 Werea AM): Nurse (order): Virgil po! Pome Comey ee eae: Eco, eee a! F fermagamt (eter afgen): Shrew (WTSI ; iren teeny: Drab (GING? GH); Coquette (fear 37): Flirt « fgafere swerN Masculine Nour SIR WM CA Feminine Form Et me Captain (SAA), Judge (AOE), Parson (aE), Kni Chairperson (8141), Coward (#17), Squire C75TE S oe ; Or Secs orm sam sa oe a | aiff stat) Baby (cere a1 Gare Fre) cari), Deer (xf#4 a1 28%), (Prevarsi), Infant (maw), Child (cxre1-sarrhecny aa Re RT RCE dob = ane Duck (ome 27) | Drake (are ree) i Bee ea cata) Drone (9: e 5 Hind (77) : Sua a) | Vixen (# Fara) Came ST) Goose area i Eee ead Horse/Stallion (71) Mare ee ) | Hart (xt) Roe (3 i) ; Wizard Ge) Witch EP Heir (Seams 4) Heiress ae etre) Lion (FS) | Lioness (2%) Duke P22) | Duchess (772i) Doctor (3157) Lady doctor (3/851 E787) Swine (=) | Sow CR) Poot (#14) | Poetess. (35 #14) Tiger (37%) [Tigress (=f) The Number sy Sal GR 28 a Ste AT Fae Se Number Wt! Number qe 447d: Singular Number, 2. Plural Number ® Number « 3% sage ¥ SESO0N Noun SE TE S48 Singular Number 4 TRS TA) aT car Plural ® | 009 21- information, fieniture, scenery, poetry, machinery, expenditure, bread Sent | 4 FESERT Noun TRE singular 3A WHS GF FS plural 4 WH senre 04 subject Ro A TA verb plural GW Gee B- Peaple, Aristocrack gentry (PPSAM), nobility, peasaury FFF FSA), carte, poultry, majority, tenantry (SE), public, clerey (TE HATH), vermin (EE), government, palice ¥ SSS Noun FACE plural TH WAS 4) singular HR singular SA A "H| S07 9% verb singular Hi SGC I~ Econonrics, phys mathematics, polities, news, innings (feta Bc), opti ie athletics ee a v See eae Loe SA SEEN raat ‘lasses, binoculars, scissors, Jeans, shorts, pants, spectacles (F£12), assets, belongings, aborigines Sem | mes Het FEF noun G2 singular ee plural ek $ E A) were eH canon (FOF), pair (TE) gross, (a we) a pe (mente), spices (SHE) swine (EHF), innings, ‘salmon He a stone (#12), troop (Te) anh | : Axis (8) Bandit (7371) Basis (5S) _ Bureau ( Cherub ( Criterion (/° Datum (#43) Erratum (32? Srey) : Genus (4) ‘Agendum (Fert Fray Alumnus (767 BF) Appendix (a2) Genera “Hippopotamus (S12a) | i) | Oasis (RIFT) Referendui ae Ht ‘(Genius Sie Pronoun TT) Pronoun WE SAT |corps fT RRTTIR OTE & 32° = = Sse are em rg | CTH |) Transitive verb: ii) Intransitive verbs sn apres ad EE UAL WET SET CHT MUNED Verb an (28 verb object 1) | Principal verb i) Transitive verb: @ vel ares Ta Eee Transitive Examples: He flies a kate. He goes to school. Laalways drink tea. eq od ofa sett A object “4 STH CG 1 iti i y, conte, dance, swim, rise, wire Intransitive Verb 304! (GOR : sing, fly, corre, go. d : le 7 cry, bark, laugh, arrive. live, lie, sleep, stop, rest, fail, breek, close, die, sink, smoke, surrender, open Fen) intransitive verb ‘Bare | ii) Intransitive verb: verb Example: ‘The girl sin, He cannot 5 ‘The car stopped. Mother laughs. 2. Nonfinite verb + & verb Wat aca ss seomptate SPY AT IN a way verb os BED Pape ee SI Non-finite vert S01 | Examples: He is going ta play cricket He wants to help the poor. We like to play cricket. She does not like ro read magazine. No-finite verb 1 Verbal fe corr 1291 + 1) Int 1) Infinitives es To + verb @% base form verb % present form 4% to Infinitive 135 1 es i = 7 Framples : They want to play cricket. Titoli him ro do the work. ‘Types of Infinitive : Infinitive 7 S20 : a) Simple or Noun-Infinitive : Infinitive 7 noun <3 Simple i Noun infinitive W | 88 8H infinitive noun awe subject, object, complement SH Rerata yas = | Examples = To tell a lie is a sin. (Subject 22%) ae want to play, (Object 4) fe want you so ge there. (Complement #4) eater nee eae a2 58 Infinitive GF ee Qualifying Infinitive 20 | 2 BETEM (Resuli) Berke Gee araee wa, k FRA (Conse): TE ¢ . Bird flies 2) Panticiple; 3) Gerund. Examples > —— * oe | participated in the meeting to ‘ a sex? ‘They are happy ro win the cae You can have my pen only to write a ‘The studied hard to get good marks j Forms of Infinitive + Present Infinitive : to play, to wo Present Continuous Infinitive : to fous = : Perfect Infinitive : to have worked, Pe to be working. Ce fe + . to have hel . Perfect Conn fae hares wring have en pi . Bare Infinitive : /nfinitive 34 ye =n Bay ere wea WIE Rare Infinil ig Bare Infinitive-98 4a oe es verb SCE 4 Infinitive (to) 31 AT . choulel wih wouter ema 7] can, could, may, might, shall, Examples > ia can do the work. We must obey our teachers. He will help me. * feel, hear, let, see, iri wie : ir, lel make, watch Seni verb oa ca Infinitive (10) 4A | I saw him go. He let me help him. Nate : Passive voice 4 see, hear, 44% make 44 4 Infinitive (to) GFE BI | Examples = He was seen fo ga. He was made to do the work. - Had better, had rather, had sooner, would rather, would sooner, rather than, sooner than, as soon 2eitha CH Infinitive (to) 404 Examples : fl My paper. (OR 4} Purpose I cause) mpegs ee (CF 31 Condition) the exam. CFTR @t Condition) weepsGerund with Possessives Gerund CE Possessive case Noun 1 Pronoun 75S oe neg te her, Examples : He does not like my going hi I don't like fis dannpite a ‘They insisted on Rahim's doine this Verbal Noun : Gerund-&4 TA The $1 of arm et: The + gerund + PPS aca en i al : Examples : ene The reading af newspaper is a habit The playing of cricket is eye The taking of exercise is good for fall ‘numa Vere The Linking Verbs inking Verbs WR Acar Tee FESR | aT Ce aie, oe (ata rd OM MY REA OHA Gubjorr tae Preceoe 8 a7 moo to BR) eon om ek aE Links verb <0 | GE: ro be verbs (am, ‘ aw ‘Linking has been, hed been, can be, iH common linking verbs 1 Examples : 2. ‘Types of Part 1. Present Participle : ve verh @% Adjective <1 Participle OH Seo ECE HATH | Examples * Do not disturb a sleeping man. Do not get on the running bus. Can you see the loaning flower. 2. Past Participle : Verb 2% ct d, ed, t, ne, en TS verb fornt af, we’ rey verb adjective 42 3 A" =f BMH past participle A) Pas Participle 02 TSS UTE Fra AH NTE FATA | Examples > A killed snake cannot bite. The broken machine is of no use: Iwas looking for my stolen books. 3, Perfect Participle : Having + verb 2 Past Participle i Verb £4 Past Participle £3 FA having YF 2658 uh Bl aee A vers am Adjective £4 77H ETF Perfect Panticiple | a les: Having eaten tice, she went to bed. Hoving passed M.A, he gota good job. Having finished studying, he went to eat. Gerund verb + ing = Verb 3 present form 4 714 ing TS Ws i WH eT 2 Noun 23 31S St Se Gerund TA | ith tt Present form Sa ATCA ing TE EH uth aR aire sca ics Present Paniciple 8041 Presear JOur our, my, their, Rakin's)2% pee > Rahin's) cD SE Running is a good exercise. Reading is a good habit. Swimming is a good exercise, ‘SAGE SF Sentence ‘is’ verh at THATS Gents " ee eee UNE eg oe + ing) 7 Z weg Fee SE A Gerund. EH 3H ¢ oF S, noel Swimming TY Gerund. jenfence- ee b) Object #0" er ©) Se es tet epg sh : ’ mets Workingle cecieg: aac d Noun #4 SOTE : This is my 8 My hobbystthocaer fpr Rami ortrare & 38 Examples: Honey tastes sweet. smb, hin.V. Pred The sun felt hol. The cake looked delicious. Note : Sensory Linking verb 90% = ait Action v Examples : Jony tasted the delicious: cake. He smelled the sweet flower. [looked at the window erh EATS WITS SCS AA | SewRSS sentence GON taste, smell, look Sart linking verb 7H 1 Oey ars HOE | FEM verb Oo WYER ‘the delicions’, cat the window" BSifats direct object U4 241 ELSE | at seem F4A% Linking verb THORS AAS BH 1 260 action verb ‘the sweet flower,” 2H ANA, io he verbs, become 4 c) Less Common Linking Verb : Grow, Remain, Prove, Stay Examples: She grows prettier everyday. sub, Lin, Pred. The test proved too difficult for most of the students in the Class. He remains the generous man. The room stays cool for short period. The Phrasal Verbs Verb + adverbial particle 34 2° unique 3% GM idiomatic 1 non-tdio RS As St SF phrasal verb 1 Ten eo ‘ Turn verb Wa S4 COA A PE ASM | GF FILA on, o adverbial particle "0 SAA aA 34 =H ee tum on = (325) 55 um off <5 aT tum up = oon tum down = SiH Gem Turn on the computer. Phrasal verb - Transitive 44% Intransitin Transitive Phrasal Verb : te Examples : They ser wp a school last year. Turn dow the fan. Intransitive Phrasal verb + All the studemts sea down. He gers up at 6 am. The fence broke d . Modal Auxiliaries: Gl 77 4 yj iliary Ve ad SFP TEA STAC Modal Auction eee Ve St TAH fafiey ard ing, ses and ‘ed! partichole tempo 31 Modal Mase eee Modal Auxiliary Verbs: cafe Se age cole, may mish shall, should, will eae Auciliaries SO IRE can, zerift | MEI be to, be going 10, aa f, need, Ought to, used to, dare modal Auxiliaries POCA 3B oy) would rather, had beter Tanta Modal Auxiliaries «4 aqaq: f Can I. Ability (FAS) THIS: I can ride a bicycle, 1, Penn FATE: Can I make a phone call? 3. Request (4) Fares: Can you help me solve the puzzle? Could 1. Permission (S378) St: Could T use mputer? 2. Past Ability: At my young age, esis austeabal ceca 3. Suggestion (S814): You could use my phone to call {your father 3 May/Might L. Permission (Saf) G0: Present € Fe May 48S | GGA: May I come Gane pee renee 2. Possibility (ETTS1) fs is Re ity PORE: MayMighi, Present/Future tense 4 TSE TA | He may disclose the secret, He might leave the country. (But there =)——— rato ater 1 scene ean Fare 27H Persons2 will 7 | erm: He will go home ‘ | wSicee wh wore = 5. yp affsen (Determination) TTF Ist person 4 will AI i pase Ee Re ain wes asi Examples z ~. I used to take physical exercise, [will complete my graduation al any cost, * : fate eres ae 4 Would 3 used 10 4 bevel arama eee ee 1. Polite Request FR: Would you please not smoke? Examples : : verbo FR ing CZ | 2. Offerfinvitation FOU Would you mind joining us in the party? 7 I was used to going to school eve: 7 3, felause® past Tense 4 S71 Principal Clause Subject-4 °4 would SA) Be +used + to-+ verb (ing) a Examples : he If you studied attentively, you would pass in the exam. Iclause ® Past Perfect Tense- 2 T°" Principal clause @ subject © would have + verb (Past Participle) 77 Examples = if Thad known y ‘ou were coming, | would have gone to the station. Must Past Tense £8 CSE must £2 Sl 2M FSCE Had to WTS TH Obligation (IRE), Advice (EXOT), Certainty (Feet) Determina- tion FATE must THES EE Examples : ‘We must obey our parents (obligation) You must take medicine regularly (advice) He must come to me (certainty) | must be a good father (determination) ii ‘Need’ Principal € Auxiliary 554 verb S04 25S Need © Auxiliary Verb 3% A7ES TE BA SE Semi modal =H t . Modal EA OA Need FASS EE BA SH Negative TE gative 3S HST Ses (2a GB) | He need not call for help. ith Modal "2704 ‘Need’ Present Indefinite Tense-& =38E ‘SE°H Infinitive to" ST | oY Modal (EF Need 7A Present Indefinite Inerrogative semtence 927 WE BOE 3rd eet eS 1. 5 p Modal @0¢ ‘Had bewer’ unreat on =| on Pe See ae | GCE had better ©2 2 FM verh oe base fe Person © had better W=2S Examples : form | You had better go home. ‘You had better not miss the tain, @ word CT noun ST p ER Adjective Wt. Adjective of quarea FRE RATT TRC 38 nisl IDIOMS AND PHRASES ‘om Gl Noun, Pronoun a Ne aoe Phrase ae etniae Definition: Phrase 57 aan are ate RAC AC ST es Parts of Speech e4 aye Be BE | Phrase SF cm fafeg cof =e Te, Fw Stel eR a _ eee Phrase 2 rm, 9, Se Te aFae ae AN 2 TT AES Examples : a, ofa enh Example: The girl insesaree is my cabin He gave mea An of gal The man in blue shirt is my father. © Kinds of Phrase: English Phrase-C¥ Pegtetes werete Stel St Sa STE ‘a Noun Phrase; = Adjective Phrase; = Adverbial Phrase; Prepositional phrase; @ Interjectional Phrase: Verbal Phrase; = Conjunctional Phrase + © Identifying Phrases Identifying Noun Phrases: ‘Noun Phrase” sentence- a verbal subject, object — @ complement Hi" WET Preposition-94 object wet aye hi boy simmingiatesy is my brother. zs Identifying Aiea Pheweeeis fren foram SAT Adverbi # Sentence-ct Cow, wen, Fesia Bene Examples < rbial Phrase em am | He beat the thiet black and blue, ‘The left the country forgo zs Subject 34 = Examples : Tomnin Lhe sun ignot good for health. They boy is swingin iho The reading of newspaper ig a good habit. = I identifying Preposition = = = fe Prepositional Phrase T3 prepos: Ti ical exercise is good for health. iin oe a les: ce Verb 42 Object Ht: Examples : ike enoumesing the iver We do's Scone = pee ica Subject ee oe TAT Ee ‘Noun Phrase’ Subject nent HAG He is 9 pansime worker Heise sonddoar. The Assis beast of burden. = com aso napemrttrocan Ren ARTES ORRTERE 320 Mea A castle in the air A dead Af. A green horn A mammoth task A man.of discretion, A round dozen a siting duck A square peg ina rowed hole A utopian scheme need Achi Alf and sundry All Greek Angel of laugh ‘Apple of discord Bring about Bring to book Bring te light__ Bull market Burning question By and by = By and large Mens te nings of Idioms & Phrases jenced person culean task? a difficult rask Jity with rational power easy target unsuitable aan wnreal plan Jault which is small but cai c eds. i Culpable homicidesehen RAT ORT ertreet > 238 from b birth to death fill = 5 - —# get free i | power of delivering speec ch read lightly _ sie uelligible Z “Of the first water fon and on (On principle On the eve of ‘Once in a blue moon | Out and out ood head and ears to keep alive hardly relatives bad plea very substantial win destroy try all means. ne : five in poor circumstance ubrtomce abstract sobarr = "Fen Sitio sitet sae Clause * (a) Noun Clause; ¢b) Adjective ceric FSi KT entree 288 Tell upon to affoet 3 ‘ementary education The three R’s_ elementary &d $ ‘Through and throught completely a Nout Ges sab ip am Through thick and thin ‘under all conditions. cvery way amd ever) Se ee ae hanese Throw cold water discourage oe re i — To kick the bucket die . — Oe Cane ea ri) oe Qren Toputtheeat before be here io reverse the natural order of things renown #8 apposition = } Preposition ites Bo ea * tu) how surprise or disapproval Nown Clause fe Conjunction that 1 (ii) Gee a To raise one's eye-brow’ “Tooth and nail 7s es no oo: (i) who, whar Bente wa (iii) 5 a Tumble down Interrogative advert-how, where, Why, if Sant we Up and doing Exanples ¢ 3 \ Up to the mark. That she did the job is clear. Ups and downs g What he did was fantastic. eo ae difficult problem How he scored a century was a wonder, ‘Weal and woe _ ha sand sorrow b. Adjective Clause = Afieative igen ae = Relative Pronoun 35% 2p Passessive-9 FS form: “It | Adjective Clause MRT Relative Pronoun TA whom. whose, oF which SR ; Feel fwha.-w as TO NAGE EE) eaten Bre ws seliereseheaa hee WHA | Adjective Clause 74 7RW Noun 8 Act 20 1 Adjective Clause & Relative rich, solvent : a wery costly and troublesome possessi small contrihution of a poor ntan _ valuable help " ae RH Face ASS subject He SB Finite verb See ee A] eho sentence <2 Ses AL TS SH TF Clause WA | GAA + | saw a girl who There i bessing money. S908 205 who was hegging money £8 ARAN FT here 105 ae am Ge) aE Sas SEB subject $ Finite Verb THE AG AG TE sentence Mt om SareReibOe “bus” Rem AIM sentence-4 THER VATE SE aS HSB Clase | one Or Te Adje * Kinds of Clauses : Clause fe" 24 1 I. Principal Clause #1 "8 Clause: 2, Sub-ordinate Clause 1 20a 3. Co-ordinate Clause 757" Clause 1. Principal Clause : % Clause-2 #1 subject 6 21 Finite verb SSM) Gt ote FF sentence coer Falta A EG URMHTET wed 87 9 EN Principal Clause WA | Example: Eocoody lee en vt hanes SHR Everybody likes a man PE Principal Chau: af eed sat aan oeexecs far RAFT? TR ah si es of Reason # SOMIre a Se ROT ut Sa A RET wPtemrt ae 3384 Dp. CORRECTION ©) Adverbial Claus weve because, as since, that ‘enia Te BATS TE Examples : He can not play because he is ill. As he is ill, he can not play. Since you are there, you need nol come Lam sorry that you said 80. Present Indefinite Tense = i 1 oem ap adverbial Clauses of Purpose + €00WG ATE at onder thats _nbor 22 STM verb Ga teas weaeg Mi Bersom singular Examples = ! lest i ESS TH Examples : ‘We read thal we may learn. He works here in order that he may succeed. e) Adverbial Clauses of Result ; C60 WETS that, so..... that, such... that When water freezes, it tums into i a to ‘The Ramadan begins in the next Pa ‘The school clases on the 16th, = BY Se AT Gam sentenced always, regularly, often, bent aes a Bh Examples sometimes, generally, daily, eve What have I done that you disappoint me? “TGF SEA Present dette a usually, normally Benes Examples = We often fall a victim of circumstances, [always remember the holiday 1 spent in your home,” he said. Sentence? GA 1S TE PE aos ADs Cae = Feo =a now, ar present, at this moment, at this moment, while ot resent Continous Tense-8 &8 | ul ae Examples 2 He is such a fool that I can not trust him. 1) Adverbial Clauses of Condition or Supposition ; CTIES AIRE ifunless, in case, whether, on condition, provided (that), supposing that Rays 4s a eos ES Examples: If | succeed I shall help you. [may come in case I have time- I shall try, whether I succeed or not. This 10 g) Adverbial Clause of Concession : 80518 =I though, althou is 10 am now. The sun és shining in the eastern if, even Pais 9 ASE oe The baby is crying because it is hungry now. a 7 here are you going at this very moment? Examples : i Though he is poor, he is honest. before, ‘timefday! Although they were present, they said nothing. ee Adverbial Clauses of Concession -& 4 "1! whoever, page Bree whichever, however EEN “1% EE &H | 3 Examples : ‘Whatever he may say, I do not believe him. ‘Whoever he may be, he can not be allowed. such....“is, as....as, than, the Beith Fe aes Examples Se eee He is not so fat as his brother. He is as strong as you. You are taller than him. “4 ‘The more, the merrier. Ge aniiate Charme ce" 52a Sik Ge ae ing Conjunction ¥2 *YS = 4 ee Co-ordi Examples : inate Tscnt him an email end he replied.canpteg a ENT A RS wt v3 He intends to stay in the country He forgot to do the work, fot two months, Rahim planned to kill the snake, Verb at AC Verh aa Ae The meet ‘The shop | understand Examples : He gave up playing football when he He watched you going away, ae “Verb phirase GO: approve of, be better of forget abou Con ior Tage forward ta, can't Kelp, aight obec ak ee think about, adjunet to, capable of, design of. think of, accustomed . be used to, get used to Bahan ir fe eee gel STA verb SPRM ETE FIM ing Ea don't mind Aelping with the cooking but lam not going to before he retired. 1am looking forward to seeing you. going to wash the dishes. e after he herd left. I went to the market with a view to buying a book before I came. ‘ Had beter, woutd rather- 4 57H verb £3 4M Present Form Aa Examples : : ee nn You had better stay here. = 2 It's quite cold, You'd better wear your coat. It has been raining for three days. ' You had better smudy hard, or you will fail the test. He hax been absent since Friday. Ask, demand, propose, recommend, a orn The Verb _ eae af Pee @ GR Modal Auxiliary Verb GA + can, could, may, might, shail, should SaSEeA: will, would, must WET el werk Base From 4 WA Examples : I don’t think I shall be able to go. Lhave a headache. Could you buy some aspirine for me? Would you please not worry? ciple Form 1 4 or this firm 15 years, entury, the computer will have became a CFA before “i louse fF Past! ae Sa after SF Ao RET Pase lefinite Tense 2A She told My friend Feats Verb 22 Ace SM verb SAH AE verdt agree decide | hhestiate | appear demand 6 arrange | deserve i ok) aspect claim Jail consent forgetearitroraer Res SATE afte? yoo ‘Eval les ¢ : "Many years have passed Since Limet my friend. Twenty years have passed since my father died Since 1995, Fatema has lived in Dhaka. “Fig taoner oe Han, soarcelyncnn when, hardly before wet aay re a 2H clause-fEa verb Past Perfect Tense 18 S28 festa clause-f8 verb Past Indefinite Tense 3 \ 8 @E CSG had STE No sooner, scarcely, hardly Rents "4 PRS) __— Examples : f Scarcely had we started when it began to rain. Hardly had the train stopped before we got down. Scarcely had he come when it started raining. FGETS would that THM subject WA could TOT ae 2S verb. Sentence # \3 Present Form 3 Examples ¢ Would that I could go to college. Would that I could become a police officer, ‘Would that Priyanka were my girlfriend. “Pp Subjecr + Present Indefinite, Subject + Future Indefinite If clause? verb 1 *H Present Indefinite 8 SRI Sa at verb _ Future Indefinite Tense A | Examples: Ia ruby is heated it will temporarily lose ils colour. Se, Gee SAT Se, If We ATA aA SC verb ai Future Indef Tense GUSEM if-e8 SIO werb- B Present Indefinite Tense 84 | ay Examples: a I will.come tomorrow if I Aave time. Mary-will dance if John sings . If + Past Indefinite + Past Conditional (Subject + would/ could / should + 38-verb 4 base form) If clause. 0% verb B21 Past indefinite-t WS SER WE HO subj SETA ight could (ould fshould + pera a4 a If my brother were here, he would now what to a IE knew the answer, would tell you. ia i If were you, L would handle the situation more carefully, df + Past Perfect + Perfect Conditional (Subject + would havefcould have ‘should have + verb 4% Past Participle Séeff clause ® Past | SR SP RE Princ tate ce mane ae aie ae What would have happened if dhe bri at a He nonit hove ben ane al edo ene the county. demand it would make on his time. “Had + subject + past partic i fiona i SR Sulla Gea ne A _ st Past Participle G1 Benny Had he been hungry, I Hade't be studied tard, He miftekie ene et Had I been tich, I would have helped kere (tHe exam. “Have, has, had, get, got 22" verb Fs a Sal re a mee i Aa ae, wee eevee eam Bice verb-lPH Past Participle Examples : a Masuma got her transe iversi Karim had his car pales teh dre peteig White a Tee ae area AMT ot arm Tce i Tee - ‘Se FI ing Get Si whil 94 ACE subject ME while 43 ce i al x ame off? Past Continuous Tense 2 | As they waited Rahim argued again While his brother assim the effects of pollution es i re My uncle annved while I was cooking the dinner. “Ga senence there Oa GF GG GM HW singular rumber ee re Wal OR BA Se Sa a 1c STRC there O38 ACH singular verb 404 | ST plural number SF" there £4 _plural verb 305 | - : ‘ laughing when they see someone slip on a ‘There are a book and a pen on the table Please, see, let, make, verb Ft active voice:cxnithoran Fathacr Mateane entre 702 “My father insists on using Quality mutenals for the I's no use of talking to him. “ind worth, past, cannot help, could not help, with a view to, look forward to, without, by SOR WTAE CH CM ver ages Ta ICM ing TF HL Examples * Festerday [went there with a view to buying @ pen She is looking forward to going to Europe. Are did not mand working overtime occasionally. Teo, hin your, our, their, her, Ruby's Fah) wa warates ea Possessive Tdon't like his coming here so often. He insisted on my rerurning home. “Fart atop, like, hate, begin, commence, avoid, admit, deny, cease, confess, continue, dislike, enjoy, excuse, finish, forgive, kinder, imagine, keep. miss, pardon, practise, prevent, recollect, regret, remember, understand 2% AR CR verb Se WH ANY ing TS EE Examples : Karim stopped writing letters to me, Lenjoy going out for field work. De you enjoy warching cricket matches on TV? Lest €S sentenced lest $A Hi subject 1 Ge A should/ might WA Examples = Abir ran fast lest he should miss the class. Micdiocre students study hard lest they should fail. He ran fast lest he should miss the train. _Hemmfastiestbe shoskdmess the wie, As though, as if 0 wish 48% bracker-4 verb ‘ta be" er peor were 2 es = [wish I were as tall as my brother. asad Uae a oti ov I wish I had a baby camel The Preposition ‘constuction of our new houses _ Ambition for LAmenable to = | Apal for (cor Rag Ber a 5 | Apologize to (ica ice aT, _Appetite for Applicable to | Apply to | Appoint to Apprehensive of 7, @ | Approve of (sin) (Sear #3) _Aptitude for = Ashamed of Aspire after Assault on Assiduous in Astonished at _Atone for Attend to Aven, aa ige(oneself) on Aversion tasxe fi RAPER ORT 38 Boast of a Bom of _ Brood on, over [Care for ‘Commence on | Comment on | Compassion for | Compete with (someonel, _(7e #1) | Liable to _ (ate) _| Listen to _ [Devotion to (Die oi aera “for(something) _(=fecurrat =27) | f Die for (re ieee et) | ‘Competent for (G3s)_| Occur to. (Ara 751) noneat Speculation in (99, SRF) ‘Complain of ~_ (ster =m) | Offensive to (aaa) corr Gate at) Spi agaoe = ‘scaTE) [Comply with (CRrezom) |Opento eI ant Bom at posed of [Opposite to Fe #7) _| Startled at b | Conceal from i (eT) | Gust from aoe es | Digression from. (aarfrret) | Submission to | Concemed for (Shy) | Owe to Disgrace to (Sanieer? Tom) (Concerned in (RSF ys) | Partial to Dismayed at on | Conducive to (Sram) | Panislity for | Dispense with (Confident of (fez writ) | Penitent for | Displeased with | Confine to eae Perseverance in (4 Dispose of inform to genial to Plunged in ae ¥)_| Popular with Contempt for )) | Predilection for __ (97) [ Productive of )_ (F784 a) Proficiency in - al a | Profitable to - =) | Protect from — en |e Proud of ispute with Disqualified forerithoran ether SMe EHTS Oe Enter into (Se RY TOT OF) | | Versed in a SET Fer fee Bert 4 308 Envy of (a) | Vest in ma mguint a ronan AEH verb CA singular 1 TAGE oy aa ee eres aT) | Vie with Examples : Escape from cr + Each of the suspected persons ‘Was arrested. Z cae) | Vaid of man can live alone, Bacem ioe (Ws) | Want of He = Exclude from (am crem)_| Weak in “One of WA si aoe SF OPCE AF SRC One of AF noun WH plural Excuse from (ea) Weary of : Ce ee = ; | Example : Exonerated fi (cre) _| Wonder at : ee oe alee) | Worthy of One of my friends is a lawyer. Exult over (Gea) | Year for_ The + noun + and + noun = singular verb | Faithful to | Yield to An HE rn EH RM noun 8 eA The OEM verb singular GB Familiar with Example Famous for ‘The poet and novelist és dead. Fatal to = The + noun + and + the + pan eee STA and WaT HE noun TE WH AH GSM noun-a7 Yet The wie TEC ver bet V Subject Verb Agreement Plural 341 @he7 either... or, neither... nor, whether.......0r, both....... and, mat Example = only...... but also, not about,...... yet, SFM or, nor, and, but also, yet OT 9H The president and the headmaster have come. subject singular S0" verb 33 singular 92% subject plural 4 verb SC plural, No aa 9109 fF singular Bi ite SETH ver =e if Examples : as Either the manager or his assistants review the company's personnel needs. meant 7 E Neither Rini noc Sinsi is qualified for the job. No stud is ese a _No ia ia 09 plural count noun 9% CECT Ge verb SA Plural = ae =e - No i ral count noun See CTEM SIE verb RA Plural, fcr aR, STRAT AR, AT TUM OES plural OH RIMS var Hrompie: ; Ei sin ‘There are no lessons today. Example : 7 None of + Plural noun S07 verb ral 8) The Arabian ee a great favourite, Example : a None of the books have been ene et WOT IT - SKE CRor Te one oe cat : verb RE plural 1 RO DENEE es cory era FETE Example : Tacs cea eee man has tried to wt: the saw ong anor, ne oecartfnerar Fae TATE ORTH yr = Example : ‘He and I went out on oy ao The rest of S78 orb SOTA singular number-a Wa} rest of Se uncou® rb 7 ngular number aL Example for the whole month. The rest of the money is aoe a GF verh FEW plural number=d “The rest of 4299 Plural countable noun =) he — Example : i. s F ie The rest of the students have, failed in the final examination. RE te oer: Many. great many, others, several, lot of few, fewer, most, all apfee of noun <8 plural form ¥& Se verb-fe plural BCU! i i ‘Examples = : We must obey our teachers, Neg: We cannot but obey our teacher We cannot help obeying our aide “Rule-3: Affirmative G8 and Wa age] 1 Sahee BOR not ont 1 word TF SM wegative a Att He is weak in English and Mathematics, Neg : He is weak not only in English but also i an AM ; She is polite and gentle. ig s Neg: She is not only polite but also gentle. Example = Several FRE Collective Words CT: flock of birds, sheep, school of fish, herd of cattle, pride of lions, pack of dogs singular verb: wat f days are left to start the examination. “Ruled: Affirmative TT eve common noun) 3 all 1 nepaive OHA + every all A 00 we efeatene ge eae ae body! person’ people et at mothert boy S20) TA + bur OH + Sentence th eH OTA Examples A.school of fish is being attacked by sharks. ‘The flock of birds is circling overhead. That which and who &% {4 Gi noun/pronoun * OF SANA sas ey Examples : ‘The man who comes here is my friend. The book which you gave me was good. L love that man who has a good personality. Canie, folk, swine, poultry, people, police, vermin, data, ova, foci 7% 74 Plural verb S87 #3 | Examples ‘The police are watching the house. r E. TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES Affirmative to Negative Rule-L: Affirmative 5 onlyalone/merely WM negative WAS MM none bul (OR CRA) 48 nothing bur (WE CFA) ELA | STAR onlyiak verde Se SO Gl not more than 54 e Not less than "18 | Aff : Only he can solve the problem, ne : a but he can solve the problem. : Only education can save this nati Neg : Nothing but proper education faa is a ne See co cam save this nation, Neg: He is mot more than twelve year old, Or, He is not less than twelve year old, Rule-2; Affirmative 73 must SA negative t+ vip ) S44 cannot help + v fing a Examples + Aff: Every mother loves her child, Neg: There is no mother but loves her child, Af’; Everybody wants to be a great person. Neg: There is no body but wants to be a great person. Rule-5: Affirmative 4G as soon as TA negative ee = ase "ino sooner etd... then TA 1 Examples : Am : As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away. Neg : No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away. AI’ : As soon as he completed the work, he got promotion. No sooner had he completed the work than he got promotion. ee Rule-6: Superlative degree JS Affirmative sentence C# Negtative sentence- 4 anger Am: Ne other + superlative. GH HT + verb + solace Sieslatve degree 4 positive form tart Seis sentence Ph sabe: vanits to be successful in li og Who doesnt want to be successful aig? ceriPhecamr Rea RIM WIRE 380 as Ruled: Toc : =e negative 2 WMT MW tage : Too to FF affirmative sentence nai a3 “feed so..... that + cannovcould not (tense coger) 1 + omy _FP sentence 44 BF verb 7 base form 31 Examples : ‘Aff : He is too weak to walk. Neg : He is so weak that he cannot walk, Aff He was too poor to buy a ticket. s Neg : He was so poor that he could not buy a ticket. Ruled: Universal truth 1 Fores ey SAGE affirmative TACT negative @ AATEUR BT affirmative THOT negative interrogative & RA FAS AL A : Ausiliary verb + n'e(not) + sentence 48 ae +? Examples : ATT Man is mortal. Neg Isn't man mortal? Aff ‘The sun rises in the East. ‘Neg : Doesn't the sum rise in the East? Assertive to Interrogative Rule-L: HERP wertvbe verb (am ix! are! was! were/ have has! hae! shall! will! should! would 2") JS Assertive sentence CF Interrogative sentence-9 Wa Fas BP assertive sentence-B Negative Interrogative Sentence WSs Fae TH | Examples : Aff: He was very kind. Inter; Wasn't he very kind? Aff : Wecan do the work : Inter: Can't we do the work? Note : Assertive sentence- ™ Negative @ SPM Interrogative-2 a WE Negative word-f 6c aH 1 Example: Aff; They are not players. Inter: Are they players? Aff: You are not an honest man. Inter: Are you an honest man? ‘Rule-2: Assertive sentence-4 never @P0" Inte afrafe EO ever IR noth 2 Ass: Lneverdrink coffee. Inter: Do lever drink coffee? Ass: We have nothing tw do. Inter: Have we anything to do? Trogative-2 ing ecm el safes h Everyone wan cl: Alas! iiss Jas! we have lost our Everybody loves sa onstage ier Who doesn't love an honest man? “flule-4: Assertive sentence-@ Nobody honema aan AOA FACE who FH one TE Interrogarive-A Framples: Ass None could save you from this danger. Inter: Who could save you from this ? ass > Nobody can achieve success without hard work Imer: Who can achieve success without hard work? le-L: Exclamati fae ‘0 ze Rule-L; Exclamatory sentence-C¥ Assertive sentence-@ @"EtH verb + (a/an Stary pT) ahs fra. sn + © very (adjective-4 ancl {4)/ grear (noun aa qf) Examples : Excl: How fortunate you are! Ass: You are very fortunate. Excl; What a fool he is! Ass : He is a great fool. Excl: What a nice place it is! Ass: Itis a very nice place. Rule-2: Hurrah/Bravo 7® Exclamatory sentence- Assertive 4 "aa S405 " Hurral/Brave 4 *HAUS Ifve rejoice that 844 ft is a matter of joy that wT Examples : ae : Hurrah! we have won the game. SS: It is a matter of joy that we have won the game. Rule-3; Alas JS Exclamatory sentence GF Assertive sentence-€ SCE 77H clas 4 *faa08 ft is a maner of sorrow or grief S48 Live mourn that TA Examples : ae Alas! he has failed in the exam. aie Itis a matter of sorrow thatsrtBreca PRT RIAA OTRCERT & 383 “Set Ae : Examples i ‘Would that L could go to Brazit! Excl | ‘Ass. Lwish I could go to Brazil. Excl: Would that | could eradicate poverty. ‘Ass 2 [wish I could eradicate poverty. _Assertive to Exclamatory Ruled: SHGETE Assertive sentence-C# fut ae SET Exclamaony, sentence-0 SAH SACS A- TECE Whal (a‘an/How + adjective + subject + perds 3S es (FH SC) + () femepe Bese ‘The man who is hi i is reward ; a i will gat ee - Complex y who is obedient is loved by Simple: An obedient boy is loved byall 2 a “Ptule-3 + If FS Al CH" (negative) compl = Sentence-¢¥ simple az e. ac without # If clause 48 3% verb a 1G SO1 AA + comma (,) WA + wg als OU SCE wet + verb at Complex simple Examples : ‘Ass :. Itis amexciting novel. Excl : What an exciting novel it is! Ass > It was a good journey Excl: What a good journey it was! ‘Or, How good the journey was! Transformation into simple, Compound and Complex ‘Complex to simple 4 Rule-1: Though/although Y= complex sentence GF simple sentence- Wim waa GAR : Though/Although Y® sentence-3 to be verb (amt is/ are/ wa were) 2 SM- Though/Althhough-2# “Hace Despite/in spite of Ti + sub LO Et sffacé being + comma (,) + sentence Examples : Complex : Though he was poor, he was honest. Simple <_Ieaole of his being poor, he was honest. Se he was honest. (4050 being G aI sae G ‘omplex: ‘Though he was weak, he played well Simple : Despite his being weak, he played well, Or, Despite his weakness, he played well. Rule-2:(i) Sub + relative i Pronoun (whosw! inci complex sentence-C¥ simple sentence conan a Ee a e a eats Pronoun &' relative pronoun iary verb TR m+ ii OF AM ing + eaecme a OO ae oamales 2 : ‘Complex The man who drinks coffee everyday Then conn Meese eae ea en a ‘ : i wil i i : i My friend working hand will achieve succes; ia ite , Examples ¢ _ eM Ft Complex + you do not study hard. : simple; Without sighed ee the exam. Complex : If he does not run fast, he will mise in the exam. Simple Without running fast, he will miss the aE Note : If T® clause-B & Cals (affirmative! roe Sy | me eee oe era iar ‘omplex, ie studies regularly, he will j ‘i Simple: By studying TEE TBERU Rin Reecertheran Pia RIP STETRT 4 288 Fule.3; Ur JS compound sentence-C¥ simple Sentence a aac eT: Sem potihcen WOM AO MIHAR P verb TRL ing CON PATE EN + ET ver Sen er on 8 AARC comuna(,) WON + Eta aah sae TS STATE AO sy Examples 5 d+ Study hard or you will fail in the exam. a > Without studying hard, you will fail in the exam. Compound Work hard or you will not be paid well, Simple ; Without working hard, you will not be paid well. Rule-4: But $® compound sentence GF simple sentence AWWA fra: ek inspite of WI + TR ‘sentence{04 sub A possessive form 3 + Seq Sentence &% anvisiarc/wastwere OF efracd being WA #1 haveshashad-ty afacé having TA TH SE AIT EM verb SEC ER present form 4 714 ing Ca SRS EH + bur oe Maas comma (.) + WER aPae Snissies Seng ATA Examples : Compound : He studied hard but he failed in the exam, Simple : Inspite of his studying hard, he failed in the exam. ‘Compound : He is poor but he 1s honest. _ Simple Inspite of his being poor, he is honest. ‘Compound to Complex Rule-l: And ©® compound sentence <% 44 clause <4 Smniea ara 2 7a ote ara ere fares act complex dl SARET FATE TE 85 SRR SSE Since/as (SRT ATM) BK when CM THM) A + IF sentence % © + and &% “HCE comma (,) TH + AEE sentence FAA Examples : ‘Compound He was weak and could not go to school. Complex : Since he was weak, he could not go to school. G He is old and cannot walk alone. Complex : Ashe is old, he cannot walk alone. Rule-2: But {5 compound sentence C complex sentence 4 @4rstaa fmt SR Setence £4 45 Though/Although TA + S83 Sentence fe A+ but face comma (,) + TER sentence & Examples - Compound: He is poor but honest. Complex : Though he is poor, he is honest. ‘Compound : We worked hard but could not achieve success. 7 ‘Complex : Though we worked hard, we could not achieve sucess. Rule-3: ‘Or’ 7% compound sentence CF complex sent ta tence BTETaa fe S83 If AA + Subject A + donot WH + 24a em pea oe clause® 404 + Comma | ane ; compound =: Door you will die. Complex: If you do not do, you will die. tudy hard or ill fai Hie en eae in the exam, y hard. you will fail in the exam. aes aorecaa ree i since fastvhen "60 "4 8 clause uy feamples : et SRA and A | ra eB oy Bes ere | Simple ince Twas ill, [could net Complex : I was i Va “ Rule-2 : Relative Pronoun 7 senence Ren: Relahe Private Sete a appeal sled object 7 FEM sentence 4A subject Fore =| ainda, sees Examples : : Complex: [know a man who is a doctor. Compound: [know a man and he is a doctor. Complex: I found a room which was beautifully decorated. Compound; I found a room and it was beautifully decorated. Change of Degrees Superlative degree to positive degree Rule-1 : Superlative degree C positive degree Ce =°Teora : 480 No other TA + superlative 42 GH Blt IA + verb WA + so + superlative degree 4 positive, +as + JM sentence <% wm Examples : Super : He is the best player in the team. Positve : No other player in the team is so as he. Super : He is the tallest of all students im the class. Positive: No other student in the class is so tall as he. Note : Superlative 44 9 of alllof any Seo St Bs AH 1 SUB No otker. of any, any other 4% 7G noun Wt pronoun 44 singular form FE) ST all other, most other, many ather, few other, very few, one of the TEN Rahim had been threatened by him. Passive [Fimre Indefinite || s+ shallAcill + ¥ +0 [sx shallvill be +00 | Bia ee | +byt+a_ = Active: [shall eat rice Passive : Rice will be eaten by me. Active: They will play cricket Passive : Cricket will be played by them. [Future Continuous | + + shail willbe + ving+o [5 + shallfwill + be being + I ae : Lope tly to Active : We shall be taking tea. Passive : Tea will be being taken by us. Active : He will be reading a book. Passive : A book will be being read by him. | Future Perfect [ s+ shall + have + spp + | stshallvnill + heme been + | i (eo +bhy+o Active - (shall have read the Book. a Passive - The book will have been read by me. Active : We shall have solved the problem. Passive : The problem will have been solved by us. Imperative Sentence 44 CFG passive voice Fara Weilae (wy wT ler + ject + be + verb past participle. Active : Open the door. Passive : the door eee S Doppler door. ae : Let pebapempe ive : Let me sum. i . Active : Let me write a letter pais : Laan nee Leta letter be written by me. Interrogative sentence 2 who Mita SF =, lacey are, a i, (Passive voice-1 WeTeT FRCS by whom FCM OF i we CW seructure : by whom + (awrilia verb) + subject + be/being/been + verb in pa B 2 Eytan = whom will the Wha can do it? oe 2 arenes Swiaddaet one : By whom was this done? = __ Shor Fr Sa recs Cognate object lntransitive ve — Se oee object 1 ote Fier acre Creare ran He Geqateven @ — tae : Cognate verb“ Cognate object - (4 mace was run by him) apes Run, Sleep, dream, fight, sing #8 verb art \gnate Active: He slept a sound sleep, ree vets Passive : A sound s! was slep i Active: Mary tere teen a Passive : A nice dream was dreamt by Mary. Quassi-passive voice : Quassi-passive weeny eee Cerro passive 4 aerate BERTINI Lee ae Active : Therosesmellssweet Passive The rose is sweet when it is smelt. Pore: Rect ere vi = $e 18 cheay it j Active ¢ The Bock eae ee Passive : ‘The book is well when it is read. PROVERBS lost Ste crite Stet ae | Lé in time saves mine a ae Gig SOG AT TE Barking dogs seldont bite se, Se acd a | Better an empty house than an ill tenant a COTS CTIA SPA | Do ordie — ara A er Faults are thick where love is thin Sea CHGS A SIE OR ATT | Let bygones be bygones | SrahSce ACE CFI Patience is biter but its uit is sweet__| 798 eM SY __—_ eet destruction SS et | While there is life, there is aoe See A man is known by the cot United we stand, divided Fools rush in where Don't cast pearls befi A friend in need is @eanthoran Reker RMBaTe ortEPe 270 ‘Many drops make a shower (drops of water make the ocean} Nero fiddles while Rome burns (to make merry at the distress of fothers) ‘Something is better than nothing (half a loaf is better than no bread) To the pure all thingsare pure __ Afier clouds comes fair weather _ AJ fier death comes the di All seems yellow to the jawt ndiced eye All's well that ends well ‘All shat glitters is not gold As the “wind blows, you must set “your sailMake hay ‘while the sium shines Tit for tat a Beggars must not Be choosers hatched aa | : me caterers | Don't count your chickens before they are | Mice Storm, Cte Ca a 1 “Emapty vessels sound much Sie See TEE A | Tate anata coca SAT TT ST [Seer aL ere wt pcos Tree a TCH I speregh cote feo ae war | Fa SH, Ua CR Se ory aie oat | | fay fas Serre Pe wine CATs SP, FAS aeart | yes ea et — ___ Wiha Fish = WORD (VOCABULARY) So orem A 503 SYNONYM & ANTONY Word & Mea Abase (v) (FICE AI ay er oe ae ; ; asaer, Fprfe) i ao a ‘Abortive (adj) (ad, L pike oe) ae effective, fruitful, | ara (uv) (CAT TMT) | Abstemious (eacdf) (ARTS, FET) | Abstruse (adj) (arr, me | Abysmal ie j) (TST, ee cat 4d, | Example is better than precept | ae Sires Sr Sorel orem Sore] WET EIT Good wine needs no bush ol Sacra Cera Het SAL Great minds think alike (Ree Tear] terrane Poel A | | Honesty is the best policy | are ars [ndolence is the mother af powerry | oa ey ara Ittakes two to make a quarrel oe Be ee ae | | Misfortune never comes alone fom sae a SI AT Necessity is the mother of invention | Sater? eifewrcr : | Oi your own machine (mind your own | Sina batt CoM HTe | : business) _ (One swallow does not make a summer [Our of sight, out of mind ae tie Se Fa a CIS SITS, BOTA | The devil would not listen to the Scripture | “ora SA Xai | fu cannot reform a rogee) grapes are sour To err is human saree To make a mountain of a mole! is aa | Waste not, want nor ofa molehill SSF a | | S96 9a ai, Bere Bee Al We | We never know the worth of water ill the | We rece tree wifey well is drycertiherawr eka Refers BRTEPT 33, (eres Ambivalent (adj) (47% afere fede wggfer grt ec (v) (ETMES a oer ae) Anarchy (i) (75, 2aaren, SEN Animosity (n) (2°87) (am) Apathy (n) (COlperyret) Appease (x) (1S 3, eertre a) ) ere) (arene 327) waar Fe) Arduous (adj) (E790, eter) \Augment (+) Gp?al ge | sem) ‘Auspicious (adj) (58, =r) Authentic (adj) (2%, jr = ia Aversion (n) (Fei, Awkward (adj) (5, Bailie») (eee wn, Sere crm) Balefl (au) (1, SFO, Woe) "enlarge, expand, | unwillingness, Ry dae tary, mixed, conirad eonflicting. paradoxical improve, better worsen naconflicted, |_urambivelent disorder, chaos onder aniagonism, hostility | amity, harmony irregud normality rence, attention, concern, insouciance responsive fy, placate, allay, alleviate, mitigate, mnoillif ed praise | eriticisna comprehend percene, | misapprehend, | misconceive : annoy, irritate, | aggravate | obsolete. ancient hard, laborious, ugh: hance | de favourable | actuat, genuine, real | i _feluctance, Antipathy | clumsy, gauche, | ungainly upset, puzzle, confi _ dead! Banal (acdj) (Terqateeny Barren (adj) (ae, Fie) Belittle (v) (CU >, ray =a) | " Bellicose (adj) (rratey, ance) a | Bemoan (w) (Care arerat oa) | Beneficial (adj) (vearr#, | fee) af Benign (adj) (74", 757) : —— | Bestial (adj) (702% Fifa) | heastike, brutal | noble Bigotry (1) (Cong, stubborn, intolerance, | tolerance. | Bona-fide (adj) (31, s79°@) Brittle adj) | Bustle(y) CrewarEree PEAT FT)sorter Fife PATA 5 wrarert 308 Tuas pee nme 5 Chivalrous (adj) (72°77, gallant, courteous, — | boorish, cowardly, il) 3 brave, | __| disloyal 3 * pebilitate (¥) a Circumspect (adj) (Ree, prudent, judicious, raaiackiiee I-peory () (catsicatet wee) : | discreet, dl =) Clandestine (adj) open, revealed, ra (oapqarite) secret, covert, FAVE | Frank pefamatory (adj) (FPTYRE) Clarify (v) (PCT =) clucidare, explicate | obscure, murky ss Clumsy (adj) (@3™. bungling, inept, | adroit, deft, le ili le owared. | dexterows __ cl = (v) (ge 7 ee unite combine | separale, divide tin (adj) | ome) =" Colossal (adj) (78. f fear) Demean (v) (Cela a, Commence (v) (788 ® sof] Fred Sa) ‘Complacent (adj) (ST@E8, f38) un ag Denounce (v) (CAraCar? am) > : : | recalcitrant, | Deprecate (v) (FRCS Compliant (adj) (7) eet ee cantankerous, presse) [sae soe | stubborn | Deressed (od i zi hide, cover, fi Conceal (v) QA are, est pee Mea reveal, disclase, ai) aa GSBUISE: | unearth | rae a) Concede (v) (Alem =a, | assent, grant, f | Deter (vp (Fager ae, ate see om) __ | surrender, admit __| ee Concise (adj) (fs) abbreviated [wordy Conspicuous (adj) (72) | obvious, noticeable __| concealed Detrimental (adjp ("fee [ouiitet aciterasa\ | Patiorinesy ‘Contaminate (v) (72 #71) ; decontami ‘ ae muddy, spoil nicmnieate, « Di el | idactic seemed] tte Ss * not am. | (farrers, eaele) controversial : aay : 4) | abundant, plentiful ent [eae (adj'v) (81, | fake, rele ae oe 4 ee ee i “Credulous (adj) aa) | naive, gullible |nableeness, | Cruelty (m) (Fagen, arene | Mltreaimenc, | mereilessness, SS | atrocity _ ify) (RATES SH) intinnidave, frighten ees in) are) | Scarcity| Blucidate (v) (Ura? #1) Embellish(v) (3#F= #1, Baa Embezzlement (n) (4 nen ee Encroach(v) (S¢7¥So surg) ——— Endanger (v) (1% 1, | Freey a) Endurance (n) (ERE, oo] | adorn, beautify. | decorate | cheating, | stealing intrude, trespass | pat in danger, aga | vulnerabiliry, __| continuity, tolerance, sane | confuse, obscure | "| honesty | frailty, weakness, shaky, intolerance normal, | | spoil, disfigure ~~) | recede protect, defend, __| shield. safeguard rere Familiar (adj) (qeatere, eof) Fastidious (adj) (TEKS, fain) an Feasible (adi) CRED) [Pelicitous (adj) (PMS, — Fickle(adj) (5, of, curl). | Fidelity (1) (8S=H, grey) [Fiend (n) Carer, ia) Flatter (v) (COMMENT 1) | Flexible (adj) (Prix) | Flimsy (acl) Caren, | Fluctuate (v) (ongerrary, Soares gender (v) (PA eM, YF | generate, produce —_| destroy, terminate ee at _—— = E = | eagerness, viger, | apathy, languor, | Pohnecn ee | unconcern, passi Furtive (adi) (CONererTre, Equivoeal (adj) precise, definite, cra) _ Crag atre) Leryptic: comprehensible | i Raina Erratic (adj) (Farwateg, nee sativa: Sia utile (adj) (raries, ae) | ovmnfary lz en | consistent | Gallant adj) Come Eulogy (n) (tet 81) | encomium, panegyric _| Wiens (Evade (y) (aePIe1 apt) | avoid, escape | Garush (i CAEN Exemplary (adj) (FRREEFE) | perfect, flawless _ imperfect, uni | Exo! (x) Garren ea) | praise, laud. hail ee | Sesalne (act aa aed | Extraneous (adj) (SPH, | not germane, foreign, | germane, relevait, | Germane (adj) (eva, [for aliem, exonie | indigenous | eee | Extravagant (adj) (27H) | prodigal, spendihrif fui Jrugal, | Gratuitous (adj) (Feat ay a -— uncher —_—__ | Sam (vy) PRC aT eee jae make easier ae a | | | Greedy. (adh) (ars wet ome Sa | "ening fas, | genuine he decepri _Sexiions ad 00 Fallible (adj) (ere) f | ao afallible, arti, egover irusting, | credulows, dupe __ trite, common, banal, Gullible (adj) (Fear) Hackneyed (adj) oni’, Sam, corte, sf anfre) | prosaic __ 2 unmethadical, — Haphazard (adjfn) ‘chaaise. random, arenes, FRyee (acer, RYH) incoherent A jf) (aT, unfortunate, unlucky Hapless (ad erm) Harmony (r:) (1, 3773) Hasten (v) Ge FS $77) | organized, planned, | conflict dawdle, delay | genuineness suspicious, | sting | fresh, new, original 7] | pres mediated, systematic, precise | | Tucky, Blessed, | | fortunate disagreement, ilusory fendi) ( oa, Frey immaculate (adj) (889, ier) Immense (adj) (FP, erate) Imminent (ad (Sr) Immutable (adj) ) — — [Ampair (vy) CE Fa) Impede (v) (Tiare a7) [imperceptible (adj) (rare, fs oi poe _ ( (#8, Bae, Haughty (adj) (S8=)_ arrogant, disdainjidl [ fumble, madest | seers) 5 f eae Tanne peril, protection, safety, | Impervious (adj) (cea) Hazard (n) (7) ‘ infall | safeguard | ie 5 encourage, enthuse, | dishearten | Implicit coal nate Hearten (v) (Se GF) inspire sea _ Hilarious (adj) ( Hindrance (1) (37, afeaee) Homogencous (adj) Crmeyfige, TRSze) Hostile (adj) (rere?, faa) rear) | Inadvertently fadv) | Coacacaniterce, cea ee ca Incessant (adj) (faarwgia) Humane (adj) 5) (mI) | f —— — oc funny, ee Humorous (adj) (8E*34) | playfil, comic, ie 7 | ridiculous | Hyperbole (m) (efeaa9) en i ay ee | are) (Semen humiliated | tener (ad) nie, 7H _uneducated, Mle (as Ce, Five) | unlawful, ae “i : prohibited uli — (adj) (PATERTE, | |