Scribd Logo
Importer

Bienvenue sur Scribd !

  • Chris A. Gregory-Gifts and Commodities - Exchange and Western Capitalism Since 1700-Academic Press (1982) PDF

    Transféré par

    Cristiano Desconsi
    276 vues127 pages

    Titre original

    Chris A. Gregory-Gifts and Commodities_ Exchange and Western Capitalism Since 1700-Academic Press (1982) (1).pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Formats disponibles

    PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd

    Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

    Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

    Signaler ce document

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    276 vues127 pages

    Chris A. Gregory-Gifts and Commodities - Exchange and Western Capitalism Since 1700-Academic Press (1982) PDF

    Transféré par

    Cristiano Desconsi

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 127
    te by John Enel Capital end Employment; A Soudy of Keynes Beosomics, Moray Mig, 188 Gifts and Commnodiis, A. Gregory, 1982 ‘The beonomie Stace of Bckad Agreusure, A. Badri 983 GIFTS AND COMMODITIES ©. A. GREGORY Glare Holl, Comrie sit CG) ACADEMIC PRESS A Subir of Hct Brac Joanoith, Pb Leadon New York Pass San Diego San Franco sip Paulo Sydsey Tokyo Toren ‘ACADEMIC PRESS ING LONDON LTD. eu pn 03 scaen SPREE Robo 370, (At Bs Rat ere af i tc my he goed ny oom by nts meri, 1 Si ay ae mo ee on ria tary Gg Pasion Date "Si Sin ln ES pageant = Boner gan oeseriog EBM ona EEN ios ge “ype a Tenn Li Bath ns i et Oy PB oi) Lk Series Editor's Preface “the revive of the analytical princiles of sic poleal eesaomy thst {hs ghered pe singe the mid-1960s hs bs base onthe im fund Roatara lpially coherent theory f value and diribuson, It was the Thue to provide this foundation which for many years confined tbe ‘Gus approae t being, at best, 2 reposrory of waa ideas om prow ee Stwlogal progeess(Smit’s dscusson of the division of nbour hd Man’s dssector of the lsbour process being good examples) ora ‘Bont dened wih simple-minded devotion to the abou henry of valve see Riise’ expesion of capital explointion-—tbe potion to ‘Salar uerdingetrened in che fce of Bohm-Bawer’s erie of Mar, Te Muvng the surpan approach of any quantiave significance of Freon of eave and sistibuon, The paication of Pie Srafi's Pro- ‘Tete of Commodi by Means of Commodi changed all that. raf 08 aay peeled the ateratclvolons to he spo approach whi Fa Es savencad ty Dmitiey and Boric, but alo presented the edi amacer of the sup approach with sazk Garry. Moreover, ‘lata provided « aque of the acorlasin henry ofthe rate of profit aera er ine entre neocinszl explanaon of ale, distibaion 2d Smtper hence cling the ground fr the cederelapmest of casi then. “Gch the analy! core ow Secure, attention ean be sumed © the dewoponent of exer fot of classical and Marsan theory and t0 che SPT nigh which this theory provides. In sek contrat 1 the servic] nepreach, which reduees all economic scity 0 0 singe Perle ts compeiiveresluon of individual emp wo mais: Tay sbject co the coostrits of rchnolgy and endowmen—dasical Tare chaseucnd from a mumber of nalptially seprable component. “The coe of the theory, the spies approac 0 vale and dsibuion, develpment economic is more concened with prescription tan dsrip- ‘on, As Lipson (1975p 28) has putt: _Macr wt he pores fave oly epee the world in vais ‘nee he pol omeves ro ange? Tae econo, trea pl ‘pes of mtenona derelopmeny ve sug ofl ocange he rod tae underage ‘The spathsis of the iets of the polial economist with ansro- polis presented here i ao, i sould be noted, a simple welding Together of deren tears. Iisa critique inthe 6d fishioned sense ofthe word in that iavelves crim, moifeation and tansoendenae Of their theories. Furthermore, the method adopted iis ftom these ‘Georstin oatignieantrepet Akwostever theorist rom Ads Smith, ‘Grough Marx and Morgan, and down to Lei Srmss alse sxthropor Jogi dat within an evolutionary famework: che colonial context in ‘which anthropologists collected data is ebstracted fom and the dats it tnalyed apie desorbed a peo~optaist society. This highly question thle procure: the socicies aniropoogists study have besa subordinated to Europea capil scien and must be analeed a such. Furthermore |r should be noted that anthropological sade deseribe colonial exter than pro-colonie station: ofthe 198 intensive esogeaphic studies made in PNG beeen 1872 and 196, fr example, 6 of hem (Le. 45%) tree mae during the pied 1960-1969. However t make this poi ot to question the polite! eomomass’ method of wing abst cone fepual model, The colonial PNG exonomy presents the ealyt with frvery complex miscre of indigenous and imposed economie forms Which changes over se and varies from place to place. Tei ely by Dring the comples whole epary, examining the workings oft parts as IPin a vaca, and reabeembling the pars ia the concrete hitrial sisson that we can bave any hope of urdesstandng colonial PNG. The to att divin of thie book into ‘Concepts and “Theory” reflcts this methedbogcal approach. It shoold not be deduced from this that this bok doe not deal with aca? Faets do stand oppose to concepts nd theories a the neoclsia approich would ave but ae an iegral [Hof both. In ths book anthropological daa from deren pars ofthe trrld are wod to katate the coucepts and distinsons develope inthe Fat prt ofthe bosky whl inthe second par thee concep form the bss ‘of the propositions developed eo expun the empirical data en clei, PNG. runer s While chi book is designed 2s crque of neoclassical economic evelopment theory in genera, an is practice ia PNG in putcula, i tls addess nus of fers tosatbropologiss I ots the formalist) Subsaiit’debete in eonomie anchopology in diferem perspective {nd atempts to tecke the problem of Se relationship between ‘kinship’ {td theeronomy’ head on. Te lacer problem is handled by introducing {nto the diession a mode version of the concep ‘eproduction’ wed by ‘Marx. Thisapprotch enable cssfcator” Moship res en bearalyeed as crchange rato axsogous trie. Teal enables the development of System for caning Melanesian sci, aswel a an explanation for the fit tat the “igen” pheaorenan is not found everywhere in PNG. ‘Final, by examining the athvoplogical dats in the context of the ‘conomic istry of PNG, ieauggers some reasons forthe efflorescence of {af exchange that hus occurred with clonsacion. Chia Gregory ub, 1982 Preface ‘While al the systematic research for this book ws arid out ia Cam ‘ridge over the period 1976 to 198 the iil mus for the research , which giver the adminserative isis of csleaal PNG. ‘The economic hitory of colonial PNG isthe history of forign-owned Plintaon and mining companies who came in search of cheap Isbour, fold and copper. Ia the period 1884-1920, copra and rubber planation: tree enabled in the conval and island discs. These planation: vive by esploing cheap uasophisated indentured labo from the Inbovr footer + This Gonter moved around the costal reas in the 1890. snd 1900, deep itn the lowland river areas in the 19208 and 19305 and {nto che gland srs ia the tosor and 19S. Plantation bout coatacs were umaly of wo to thre years im duration, and while some seers signd for «second tem, the majety reared to thei vilage to engage ‘in cath cropping a sine. This caubled thea tocar the mosey they oeded to pay tues and to buy the impored commoites they dese “The mining companies have hed an atogeter diferent impact on the ‘unt. mining company’s profic depends nat so rach om cheap hour ‘onthe ent ape pod eh epltaion of natural resource provides (Gold war Set dicovered in the Milne Bey Distt in the 80s, These ries hd petered ut by 293, when anoher find was made inthe More District, This ated abour tea years. Today a substantial proportion of {he countrys gross natonl products derive! frm the god ined a by-product fom she capital incense Bougaioville Copper Mine which ‘commenced gperasons in 197 "The npc of esoniation onthe indigenous ccasony of PNG presents ‘she anal with something of «paradox. This is because the indigenous ‘economy bas not dled out with the advent of polis! and ecosomie Aleveopment, but has “eBarerced” (A, J. Southern, 1979). Tas runs ‘counter to both the deserve and prtceipvepropeston of acclssiat ‘development theory ancl nto question the descripve and explan- Story adequacy of hat theory, tay nothing ofthe relevance and impli tion of ts poiey recommendasns. 1 Soe Braeden Ha (97D. 4 Ses Ray Cs) rs talon of fe ancpe scam foe fa the Tndan ene eronverx Fi ‘To undertind the eflorecence of the indigenous ecooomy itis of couse ecesay to have some understanding ofthe piciles tha govern {he producion and exchange of things and labour, [i here that anther ‘problem i coarontd. While iis generally agreed thatthe indigrooss ‘ronomy is diferent fom the Baropean capitalist economy, thors are ‘by no means agreed on how to characerie ths difeence.Indce, the Joblem so base tha the indigenes economy ss not even been a= Jecoiy named let lane described or analysed. The flowing tems are among the many thet ave been used to deacibe the indigenous esonomy’ ‘pamtive commune’, primitive capitalist’ ‘primivesfuene ‘tone age “pean, ‘it economy’, tba” and “adona’, This divene set of terms evidence ofthe lack of a genrlly agent conceptual and ‘heoretil rammeworforceeribing ad analysing the indigenous ecomomy. “The indigenoue economy i by 20 means homogenous. For exampls he country’s 2) milion fhablants (Ceosss, 1972) speak over 700, Aieent languagss oneseventh ofthe wor’ onl Layeockaad Warm, 1974). Associated with ti san enormous eultural vrs a pint that snthopologits continually stress (Chowaing, 197, p.)- The base wait ‘fsck ongeaton inthe oral sexs as, ad sl the clan A canis f lend-owaing groap of people smcng whom mariage i prokibited:* Ualke many. Afsian cans (lineage), PNG cans ze oot in generals heed by a chil Prestige and power are usualy vested inthe heads of A igeman’ whe acquires renown in a type of meiocracy sytem which fnvoles the competitive giving of gifs berween clans. For example 4 {ies 100g to Band the later replies wit a countergit of 150 pigs Iwhich B anaot cepay, then B is the “ig-man’ beense he gave the ast {Bit Shell, waich are marked according fo se colour and age ae 0 ‘ied as insruments of compete pi exchange in wéton 1 pgs in roe arcs, But the bigman sytem i by ao rcans general Tn some tress citer compesiive gitgiving sor bigmpen exit. In these ares politcal authori tends toe So the hands of elders, who eoqire die tuthrity by senorny and command over rts! knowlege. SER Rare amen ale hve Spine ene? ta ‘hen (oe, Basi igub Spot 98, Prise Gedete etcal communion) ese poi andias vege Sree Sip’ datodsn “The analy of te impact of colonisation on a country such 36 PNG then, poses ange momber of fundamental theorsial problims. The ‘pariilr problems that this book adresses foe t can be sumac 2 fllows. Fist there a need o develop a general conceal framework ‘within which» Gesneton bemoen epi snd non-xpalitcoonoses ‘xn be made. Seon» sot of concepts for decibing the base Features ‘ofthe indigenous ecancmy of PNG, a well a stem for dasiag the erent type of indigenous economic systems in PNG, is sequled. ‘Thirly thee concepts mut be able to generate propositions to account {or the historic nd shropoogicel az on te impact of clossation PNG and, in particular the efforesonee ofthe indigenous economy. “A starting pint foram andj of tis types che erature on ecnonsc| shory. However, st cconomic theory sas developed to explain the parinlar cme ofthe European capitalist economy, «problem immediatly Sra a the wifulnss af his theory for understanding non-Buropean ‘ronomict. Tht ie is highly cntroverial and a considerable body of Irate has been devoted 10 it. Myrdal (958, p19) for examples Daleves thar “the wie of Westen theories, models and concepts i the rudy of economic probs in Soath Aran esti e« ext of hiss tecioosly distorting thm eredy". To addres onaself to this Kcramue, however, eto mis the point vrnewhst. The so-called "Wester shores sre by no means homogenous: there ae a numberof diferent approaches to the analy of European eaptaism, each with its own methodological pproach and sheorscal structure An cali ofthe impact efcolonstion ‘resuppes «ceria approach to the analyse of capital and ence this problems rexolied the problem of what approach to tke to the analgis ff non-optalseecanamies i 0 some extent resolved as consequence. ‘The Hterture on approaches tothe anlyeis of European expan

    Vous aimerez peut-être aussi