Additional Mathematics Project Work

2015

JABATAN PENDIDIKAN NEGERI PAHANG

SOLUTION OUTLINE FOR QUESTION 2 : ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

PROJECT WORK 2015

1m

2m

Plant
s

Circular
pavement

(a)

Estimation Method 1: (Area)

Area of pavement = (300 2 100 2 )
Area of a tile = 25 x 10
Number of tiles =

(300 2 100 2 )
25 10

1005

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Additional Mathematics Project Work

(a)

2015

Estimation method 2: ( Using concept of Arithmetic Progression)

Starting from the interior, the number of tiles for the first layer
The number of tiles for the second layer

100( 2 )
25

110 ( 2 )
25

The number of tiles for the third layer

120( 2 )
25

100(2 ) 110 (2 ) 120(2 )

290(2 )

...
S 20
25
25
25
25
This is an arithmetic progression with a
Number of tiles S 20

100( 2 )
10(2 )
,d
25
25

20 100(2 ) 290(2 )

2
25
25

= 980
*Alternative Method 3:
From the diagram on the right,
AOB tan 1

12.5
and
100

2AOB
14.25
Hence, for the innermost layer, the
number of tiles

360
14.25

25.3
For the second layer,
A1OB1 tan 1

12.5
and
110

1 2A1OB1 12.97
Number of tiles

360
12.97

27.8

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Additional Mathematics Project Work

2015

For the third layer,

A2 OB2 tan 1

12.5
and 2 2A2 OB2 11.89
120

Number of tiles

360
11.89

30.3
For the fourth layer,
A3 OB3 tan 1

12.5
and 3 2A3 OB3 10.98
130

Number of tiles

360
10.98

32.8
This is an arithmetic progression: 25.3, 27.8, 30.3, 32.8,
a = 25.3, d = 2.5,
hence, the total number of tiles S 20

20
2(25.3) (20 1)2.5
2

= 981

Method 2 is a more accurate estimation compare with method 1. Method 2 takes into
consideration the spaces between tiles whereas Method 1 does not. Method 1 is quick
and simple and therefore easy to understand. This is a major reason why it is being
practiced by most masons with some modification. Due to their experience, they deduct a
certain number of tiles from the total number required by the area calculation to
compensate for the spaces between tiles, and they are quite accurate.

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Additional Mathematics Project Work

(b)

2015

Octagonal pavement
Method 1 : (Area)
Area of one trapezium =

1
1
(300)(300) sin 45 (100)(100) sin 45
2
2

Area of octogonal pavement = 8

Number of tiles =

1
(90000 10000) sin 45
2

320000 sin 45
250

= 905

Method 2 : (Arithmetic Progression)

Referring to the diagram
on the right,
PQ 2OP sin 22.5

MM1 = M1M2 = 10 cm

P1Q1 PQ 2 P1 R1

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Additional Mathematics Project Work

2015

P2 Q2 P1Q1 2 P2 R2
P1 R1 P2 R2 10 tan 22.5
and this is an arithmetic progression.
How many layers are required?
PP1 P1 P2

10
cos 22.5

Number of layers

200
10
cos 22.5

18.4776 18

a PQ 200 sin 22.5 and d 2 P1 R1 20 tan 22.5

S18

18
2(200 sin 22.5) (18 1)20 tan 22.5
2

Number of tiles required

S18
106
25

Total number of tiles for the octagon pavement = 8 x 106

= 848

*Alternative Method 3: (Scale Drawing)

Using a scale of 1 : 20 and draw one eighth of the octagon.

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Additional Mathematics Project Work

2015

3
tiles

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Additional Mathematics Project Work

2015

Estimation from the scale drawing:

There are 18 complete layers.
Number of complete whole tiles needed = 18 x 3 + 15 + 12 + 9 + 6 + 3
= 99
To fill up the empty spaces, tiles will be cut into smaller parts and the estimated
number of tiles = 3 x 3
=9
Total number of tiles = 8 x (99 + 9)
= 864

There is quite a difference between Method 1 and Method 2. This is probably due to the
number of layers of tiles. Method 2 only considers 18 complete layers which does not
cover the whole area of the octagon pavement, whereas Method 1 considers the whole
area.

(b)

Comparing the circular design and the octagonal design, the octagonal design will be
easier to construct because of its straight line layers and management of the few empty
spaces between the tiles. To lay the tiles in circles will be quite a task and there empty
spaces to fill in between every tile.

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Additional Mathematics Project Work

2015

FURTHER EXPLORATION
(a)

Two circular plots pavement.

Refer to the diagram beside.
Method 1: (Using Area)
KOM 2 cos 1

ON
OK

67.11
=1.172 radian
3m
Area of segment KLMN

1
(300 2 )(1.172 sin 67.11)
2

2.5 m

11283 .60 cm2

Number of tiles required

11283 .60
45
250

Number of tiles required for the pavement

2(1005 45)

= 1920

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Additional Mathematics Project Work

2015

Method 2:
To calculate the number of tiles required for the arcs passing through points K1, K2, K3
and K4.
(i)

Arc passing through point K1

250

2 cos 1

Arc length 290

290
180
Number of tiles required 12.33

(ii)

Arc passing through point K2

250

2 cos 1

Arc length 280

180
280

Number of tiles required 10.47

(iii)

Arc passing through point K3

250

2 cos 1

Arc length 270

270
180
Number of tiles required 8.367

(iv)

Arc passing through point K4

250

2 cos 1

Arc length 260

260
180
Number of tiles required 5.788

(v)

Total number of tiles required for the pavement

2 S 20 2(12.33 10.47 8.367 5.788)

20 100(2 ) 290( 2 )

73.91
2
25
25

1887

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Additional Mathematics Project Work

(b)

2015

Refer to the diagram beside.

Area of triangle EFG
2

1
HF EH
2

1
135
50 50 tan
2
2

Total area of pavement

28

1
135
(90000 10000) sin 45 2 2500 tan
2
2

440477.27 cm2
Number of tiles required 1762

(c)

Valid reasons must be given for which ever design chosen. Alternative design
suggested must also be accompanied with logical reasons.

(d)

Reasons must be given as to whether it is practical to use aluminium tins and sand to lay
the pavement. Illustrations with diagrams or pictures will be an advantage.

REFLECTION
Students are free to express their feelings and opinions while they are conducting the project.
They should be able to explain the related moral values during the process. They may present
these through usage of symbols, illustrations, drawings and even through a poem or song.

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