§ Bg * Protocol * Sol on. og + Prototems a800ciated @H the computes 9 2 Some es &® 6 8 @ Iwuwe te eer eee oe ee e 00, vine 6 HTTe smtp ee 8e pally NTP C Neteoorts Time @O Transactions & deotination 0; Mo" Fuiy, 2010 ° 01 Saturday % fr Communication, 920 lange. OF the protocots are — ceed , browser ~ mail compotation eee _— Pratoco! } » re dan: by oto! and ®Eume C Ne te00416) roe 20S + All protécole = File communication Fine Souiwe mailing to tnt. Proteced ) :- wlodoeos vr Nos. ¢ time Of cormpuriris Sestes Sth computer Néteoory location is SPH munication ae and eomvers ing fe EB.te Ush (ateme Joroit Todo,joe j . J conespt ‘of computer’ Netooorls « have an Pe number. RPC RPC 2» . : = RFC S400 + ol : Set of roles = Syntax Syromattie Tienteg - o> eer > € 2OHO MARS WOW+ Foleo ad Régulotions: rust be, sryetst oe ae i e 1 ‘ee : ony ‘duplicates | and any Invatid ayntazris not acceptable). % Timing ci * Syntax “> Send acknocledgement 2 _# Semontic > receive ackinoeledgernent client 2x propagatio’'t : 2 min. ack. coaiting Hee = 9 x propagation : & max.ack odaiting Hime = 8 ¥ Cento ack ce trind 4 Pe a errs Propagnmton) J: ~€toreout 4 = Roved Trip Time — ett Tors over Terme. Time oot.( 709, ‘* Protocel_ fo on agreement beteoten. the communicating partite O7 commurication is tO proceed. 4 BP oddsess wloront refer 40 a hoot octoallys 1 TENE wafers to € interface: So “if a “host is on -tcoo networks, it must hade teoo 2 >A spall ve multiple, §P adebests “omd ewkhib'e phages Sey 5 PeSCHee8Ge ddI vuvii t GHAMH OD Bows# To Lsind a packet from: Source to destination, ee have the fe" ptteoors “—» logical Tent ty the Host coithid -the netosorts (ire, among all “the ‘dis sypteens, ont oyster fo ideotified), —> physical (8) Tdentifiy the, process colthie the host ——> Serviee point 088961 96-2" -a u &€& 86% 8 5 >t 6Ceees sss B ppsuew = Andhra pradeob Staite. Wide Area Neteoork: @) Bach ao. is: to digit . o © Two paths. (3) Each wo. is poique Gs Hidden meaotng 109073 (o-a85) 3a) bil pumbe PST 8). oy: iw Teas pi ho te & Meteors Tel Hos¥ td ©) sHost.rd most be Unique 5 C4) Hidden mearing * cit class.” | d qi + Toso ~ * village . clasoa: + aa = ee oo erg nm agg 18 24 axfeo’ a hosts} oro « ase = 166 cr hooks fog; * Gove. organisation uses this hoge eetcoork. Téclaos-A neleae™ 7 4 ¥ Ep. Address con be aosigned to any electronte devicé-Big organisations, ine Lompanies, TZ 4Ger ase. Banks CEngincertog cotegts... eneitom, deganisation. 1 126 198 ~ 191 199~ ags 884 ~ gaq 240 - 255 i this aeteoork. a class, OHA POOR EC OBIVTCC SOY) “5 wee he &£§ 66 GO 8 >CCOOC SSK ES K wy He oOo H BOD QO 480. 167-204 : SE LS ddtse, com scchaanan veed Faxrouttng $90-16863 — _ieliany @ panes NTD ato oe ve z Oo 280-184 (EP Seraides defsuit route Crake dynornie defavit route} © Make Tre so To avoid 4he wrong Time To heave. Tove Armough Aq ‘0. Bq f €g.:- TIL=3min =» 1800¢C:av ® Default route \ finding i @) Cynic. route is ieee | XY 16 ateo @) TIL: mio #180 eq, o c Monte cle! o ~ouiitit — tay - 2 x 9%. c &, 1 Havlag all xeror’s (obs all one's elther io Netcoorn 2d Or Hook Lally c . © is rwled oot and -tpey are meant for a Sh ont ibey f : ae =e ~ a °. - 10.0:0.0 G te e = 1s 985. 4 é a ic a hostel nts + ene C ob cs 34 aboots[oteo * ¢ 1o00. . i E € , Hto 16 iG nl ; © a who wa paste ge + “10 i 7 14 te ae “ conse [ia] ft aha haagy 10,000001 | 684" ean ob @ om is [ a ~ ». pasbree eG — 180-183. ass. ) | © oe ‘ ae a oe . ae. L2 POC OCOCHEH DEH HH HHEMOOHRS DO UHES EDO “9066600004 0.006 8H OHH HY HIL 1 o Oag | HID "10 110 3110-00600 198 no turers faags ca laos 0 2 cued. ty ntti) a Croce 1110 ac00 — 2aq motu 289 At (o- ae Gta) FN NI03 ond AY present clos90 ond closse. % To Store "4 biltioaae addzteses . Teannct, bande bis sabi - Hence TPe ts ~trtraauecal eohiet 2ag bit System, ——* Wirdocos % Supports IP o ‘° # Linve £056 alo suppoms TR fe oe &. . « e Gdetres9 for the syaterpo. eo -. ASP GEnkerseb Seruice Provider) e. fea wo thor Conluers “ntth Tarte tnotetey ~mESP2 pr iueer ai _ f-10 ® -2000 16> 100,000 foeae. dice comm) & Narnespace] server 4o0rgoo-Let 6 7 & A use can contac rectly to tana, fori; = Address, but it id time fonsuming. So, a & ; ° 2 _tmedietor, Macon 02 33° bondieg she, aif — 284 “Hon'-cohere if contacts Tana and provide gt ec : Th addvcases . ’ TAN “oe FgANN (Toternet Corporation for Assigned thames and Noumbe:PCCCCHHRHOH HHH HEE EABHHESS HIKE EE GAG: Type of communications: ” *® Unicast Cone - to- one) _ & Mylticasr Cone ~ to -emany) * Broadcast Cone to~atl) * Anyeast (one to one sevevv~HHV9DOOD 192-168-103 Eg.:- mail application. ( Brecdaing voebpages Broodeast : > eel x Directed Broad cast "(wre HEE . nto > ©@0 % @ 6; O_O 8 8 Of 4 Limited Broad cask 1 alah, 19a. 68-EL : 7 - fe: 164 £3 hindlecd Be a macs A: oA: E 'e Eg. n1gBL. t | 40+.956.255- 968 | %9 1 e Awe ¢ . 1 qed + Sending. ponkels Ho a sypter? in ‘some nekwor's SN ore - dine te’ our oem netecdTRE— | Atmitecereated from class p. S_= ~ “ * AD the xp addresses are stored in a group. ¢ uo STOMP communication, TEMP ( Internet Gro 7@ fs weed instead of =p @ ®, a4 TLL Croup scoddvesy - 1 | Eg. qpree-matls | WO betg me | Sea IP 180.-159.1. roaiSrily OFeommonications | 150-183 +1 vers © pregent ta" multicasting | 00. 290 -300-1 | - “hoot etd in enobile,, communications tntifying groups, so: ttot at the same Lene0 0 a 2 > 3 > > 9 % a a S a. ° 2 a + . . % a s a ® a e @ 2 » ) 190 Pot o-0a5 A 3 fh ae ay i en o & “boots about once a eninute; _ OF os 2 LAN , to repost back on the BrOURS their procstiots SOrreott 99 090° 0.0 © & Teo kinds of ° 0% 4 pemarene BFoup addrtoaes are dupporsed by roulitgading, pp Oo# Temporary Cleaves the group io" last proceas), 8B Each multicast vourey sends a Permanent > E ‘ hardeoare tovlticost to the to. Each host sends back rea; onses alt class 5. a8 : ter Bg interested in. : 3 Othe ques 7 and rsepenon packet. .use. 0. protocol. tid * Rare We e (Internet Group Monagement Protocoly insttad of Ee ot at 2 ee 2 ; : ®e 32 / ee o6 2 %9 ®e @ oe? 29 ao 2astlorlacio* Sunday = | for veed im mobile host communigations Ceoev 6 €or --6g. t- haptop 1 The” nearet access agent tanes tare of the she \ comronteation! ~ mobile c 7 tit aod toll dommusications + ‘ & 184 fe used for covoeclivity purpose: PEG — =Pachet Internet ~ Group : : [isa 166-104 [i8ane6-t0 | sae ise:3 E woh ney oe! . 4 * Tf a system sends the request be. ping Xe other, theif there if= LCC COC HS 2 "O02 0 ot we & & OFS H TOW FY Oo OG ole C8) positive Meosage : = : : © GP Requested ened ove ES 2: F 9 GO? Pstinstion cnnachabh, . 9 Pas first octet a2 26 Lt never fats onder an, SOT is vsed to Should be f Sl *Freation ideostay CAng adhe s Sonmectiye ty process 4 3 q ten OSS. OE 16 aloo-used foi over proces CoM SHHakion Cite) gers # + “local Bost" is a ORL to aay odes @ Source) > O18 have sieniley aden ane sé { B)_ py Seine & ovat. have similar asdi5.9 nol ve eee . SEE SheeKIOg instead coe ay Sy Gnrations OF Kegical addressing ouster 4. % = : 8 = ‘we Oat There is m0 -flesibi eS f' eG Pere ty no sreonly eG 16 oF Permanent - ee ; ~ B@PolvtI009 for above Umitotens.. - *Bsepencting 2 e®svbnettirig aorhysen! addeessing systens: nya 2. e * The acess Of aggregating tee ton more Mekeoorhs to genet { = < ‘ « € ° e * S20 (Op HOE Mekworis, : - o . 4 AWE. Meteor in the auperneh mnvoE be Of same class | © nelcconss ip the Supernet meivot be i> thel - 2 Pek a > oO Adreas Gore eee c

fil a OMdvs0tag20 3 en lreproves securi My | 28 ; 7 Bg PMMA and administration are “Simple. BReotructoring of the neteoorts 19.30 ieee huctusing fa a8 Brtye cueol too fay, ido or fue @ Germs coithin. dhe same BEE TF 9 ayster cot FEtnin other sebock “thee it rivet Paes through the Bridge implements Fie & Foreomed Aegina Coommunication’ fs di gyteati using this gubnets borreccing bits from host a 4, Rosrate subnet 105 i Socom as evinet 4. recess of @ pe ®@Q. ©f bilo to be bonowed ts depends on our “gen e, @ Fg Te have 3 oubrets tog: class.c DehwWork » a= e boas a bits) | = 22 08 Therefore ine. of subrels possible = as 4. Fn. Of Systems per subnet = aSia aNconsider clase & Netcwors to have ioo Subnihs, eoe:need Fibs 2p host ED hot of! oubndls. 2 at no. of hosts] ssyorerns, pe ovbnet = 2 tt Knitations + e@oovrr7r Toor ae + 5S commonicaHonr process. (Since 4 Step Procedor & We cail loose TP addresses during thio precees . ¢ if . : = i ra Step pres fore” > . _ 2 ¥ Teeobey] the nekeoorls, 6. Tdentify the “subnet oekioor. « , e ei 3 @: > & gerard . : Tentify neteoor's “gh ad oN boot Sef /? ¥0-309,, ” / aa = a 708 any = ‘004 : 21200. 4.3) at a a ef iA$5099 eS 6868 8 5 od é >OCOBS KES POY wWwt mn) > FHS EP. then the data is sent other syotedn 9 i 6 3 a oyeters having ap. 149.1685t ands data a 6° SP oyster cade s00:23 a gue an 0 AGiaowbile If the “destination ayotern changed ij @ GM order cot to have cata mitsvec, a Phyprealll © Padanesing oystem maintains the ap addreests 8 ger changed eyptems and provides the clata 3 ~ Bo. tt. 2 800-2001. 5 logical. = different." > fee tee 89 ny =) phyoteal 2 Enigue Camenpumber) ag . ° eS . : . Cc wear 2A Se i, ip ae, | & Ey voing one Te odtdress hacker easily tack “the ye 08 Se SG ron IP dddreos is maintained. Such that -if he ha stP, through @ then dhe connection bie’ LTP; and “IP, 18 dioéGonectadt @ withio the. Lan are Safe 6 MM late - (Or ploté - Bogical :- sabit — vetcoomlayer — 2p — soptccareSyoe Dermae oes! oy a Pr B@agine oo. ag rye! t- 466i ~ potatinklaye — arp ~ Harcoare- e@ , a nee te bit — Transport ‘TeP]UDP.~ steno os) point layer i rt ne e8 _ eo aoF -addrconing “system 16 Git addeasing opts: Ail og prouides this, te } FTP a0 ij (Wet Rooton port Coens { | Dember CREE . ae 1094 4 ) NTTP~ B80 a ' aa / iis ~ sagen {77 A28igried port number Cras ¥) Po : == 55 any pm te port (5p) & ES Y¥ > any port no. from Destoatien port (O-p). yee fro. 49g 1 other than x. e tera. having Gp 49-80: needs + oe 3 Sp ede 40. communteale cual BeBe Gor then the connection * ts established “among thern; andl also needs to communicate, tha the considey the sp as dioknet port nos ceithin the range Fi Dyntimic: “port nay. | problem aroseee ee ere ee ie en Ol ad meet ee er on le OF Pobtie syotero have ee . 0% ee 9 --@ : o6 Pebite ve Pate F poblic £P addneses and it to 09 private. = 86 n of Ore public oystem can. control the otney Poblte oyster corbont— eri “er fo that parti system hat particular pn Remo g Ad. = OF BI cot 8 posi i Tt is heen as % ~ Internet oe 98. ; a : 38 tse i online = Services Rare ade ~\ spoisporast e€ | 909:800-3+1 ee. asq 86q 7 : : oo eo Ther Wioibilify io identified. te., they 60 contact ceith the tote4 The privale « contact “the So" Topolesy nl en Rx effete *y eHaBitity 1994.00 - 198.32. 266-985. — U6) ther than throes are atl public. 10-0100 =. 105.985-985-055 °° = (1) 199-168-010 ~ 192 -168..895-955 — (956) &, wie eel is not identified. “ie, they eyo interface eon ote ¢ consected Ooith interne s voy ® multiple coaya, ef connecting SYotees «Some of -the, an: : 2 a ra ot —3 ‘OF \ eg pty i ce Rx required topology : eorF tees.&& OOO BHI We ue EEDA >9OCOHOKHOK Awe 90 : oo : - : ®69 : a 3 ot ‘In Broweing . eve USE BEE AopoIogy. Bub, fo ee : . 98, Various types o; ene + Serpecstias Tite sopeloyy Objecto ip computer neteoorting 4. £9 A Norkatations & Severs ¢ foyer ‘ zt i a - ae * Hob 1( phioteol toyery BS — « seiteh- a (PL) SeaDoo. Bridge - a ¢er.ott) SQ” root 3 (ptbeLyaiey WO cece ® A Gatecon eo qo 2 sf e¢? A particular a9 server agts as dhe dom: pain 3 cPtou, neo. crorb stations & Boverg: ey = ‘All the o- SCE clicat systema acto as coorRBtations j © The Server Maintain some Acceas cootrol e the acceasibility of progeaens by: the oo eranun Peers byte eo ™ veaceesoible programs are denied by Server @@ open it). @ S 8 S Servers eoay have several Oppiteations a Y e e Fon eg. 09 OECUET, BE set0e19. ete# Tt % Uaed_Ato connect multiple coorkstations & Buwes . x Tt is a “pacetve eiee O08 softeqaié adsociated cot this AF e@ewvr ee Oy 5 OA Te is a@ broadcastiag deview, se oO ioaduantages eS a So Netcooris srapfie is high O RO Been ems hoo & Cavsing poneéeasary digturbancés at Variout oye ers. 5 : meg c & BecagseTof akour, two reasons, performance is loco. a - [= 7 er 6 Aduaotages: ~ : e 6 & Coot of “he bub: is loco RB Cc * Operation, é e@ 6 : : F 6 Seaiteb + : a G 5 a eg # Tk ig gleo voed 10 connect mulkiple ork stations ee. % TE is ad. Gitive device associated coith, Softcore. ~ e © = - : og © stcingigfSind ‘0 tooreup ‘ebie’ 10 keep. tach all te oysters. oe oe. 0 2 Advantages . ~ , s u ego = offic is less. # To vaieceoson distwbances at various locations , % Becavet OF aboug to eases, performance is good,a oO oe B owt € ES >oeeC SSH OD Hu vet 6 EOE AS YS ‘38 “Scotch S@oeooo9o Pioadvantage ae . [ tees * . ACOH OF “the oecitch too 40.9 tienes OF he Bub Bridge. uot : ef0 # This vsed +0 cOnmeck moltinte LOANS OP mony le subsets. 86 P ° 29 $F Hitering sod forcearding 1 ies ae criteria, 3e * DS cpeation Principle io based on phi 39 eee F BE coll alsa” Feaintata & 29 2 leokup tabie ef eg, Rovre. Og tr iso Sophisticated nan device abd ‘S_ principle ie “based ont B addressing sypten. oh ¥9 Weld 40 connect top coy emore of on docont convert protort, so" sends Ont Bi0.10 TPP a 1o . sa" 1 _ 2 - — 2 ot Tequies Alor Of configueation cohere as bridge O-STCK cre 29 ‘ aes " Ba Od play devices. Pseoo con More clifterent “diostmilar eiteook z a . ® s e @ * Gatagny lo calied 03 prokicel converter: (at conuete the + . s netecone data 40 x28 "neteoork data anc send the data to dég- ee 2 Sn iq *€. Sy = P= = s cil - a & eooertrte feeC4 @OVTV 3 € & soCCOHHOHEEHSHHMIAI! pC 00 c oO] 9 ss lozlooroe . 2 © Ff Wednesday i a i Syotern o “Forctionality : oe ao a Total <5 ‘sour e imordsiony Optionat = ° J | 2. doer 19 # Esror control : comprdioion <8 reple a + Bloeo control % Encryption & ee A Segmumtation Encoding ne 28 * Rovtess e t ——$— a 8c: |Apptconos daa Be pase “EE e [Presentation layer e® b eee OE Seeoten layer decides etther half -duptex on felt duptee connect . Et defines links configuration” 6 - w= © — + Point o- Point lian. 6 dedicated chancel forbBeSoveee) «9 e % Broadcasting link. CA single chonnel for OB Gourees) ®e ? 4 ss dro Po ‘ wd), Broadeoet! o ® t 0s) 0 defines topoingy configorations . TH maintains: fixed Oks | mS og . : Peae 5 Data Links tat Fa oO iy yy Y CDi) ieee ase = a es Reopens tty i ei . * c : Reston Tm, # Recteo contol - * Framing”! - f : es aacsit ' 7 Physical addresping yore: _ she = is Bese on . Evror coatrot & a c aid tr 110 Pe ato 1089) f Po : Hp cistorded : > Ee wnt ° cS ¢ v ; Signals ae - out pe i < Ceohen error : ‘ : aot 2 5 ‘oll occurs) AG a i @. + TF there axe eyo1 fh “the hanomiesion of bits: ao signals, then -hg! © chonee st distorted aigoals and bik represcotation to chang c 2 e: 80, tne dgetnation OWL must have ste Forctionatity of verifying A: ~ ®. 4 & Erior Detection 5 ee «3 # Error -Corsection iG . Cc Cc & e it _ - ¢: peace i Baded dp" Servenehpal yo or Sefeee Ceapabilty itty; ltent_sgodg, the ne eRe ee eG ge Ve , 50 ce ee ‘a a* i Buffer 7 — ees coiedow protocol To contiol the flee arnong client dk server: 7B) * stop & coait fh : : N@ «aon, - ue Bk & : Ae «a. - a aay Beceos Control :- , a? a i : ger Slot mechanism © allotted to all the Gee: to =k ae -. BS a ’ 9-10 D'gophisticated actos control rnechaniorns :« 6 : a mone 2 xe *-conialen- 2 * cempA loo © Froming : ee : aa ic wat Segmenkatioh ping - 3? . PPS or TEMPS mot exact path , ssi cay OMP.g,, Tf coyree gives shorter IP address, hint rgeck kas it is higher ap) | we ’ide r fel a lead is ee lagers IE han & Ae-as eodimbiy 34 * Moltiplexing & de- iplerang | “AR Skrutet! posnk addresoing eyorerns, DU worlds “yas Ever contol fe content noedlen * Floco contro! 2 sotat ee oF PEE 4 : Baokec FTP) * Gqox® Comp) 640K8 CuTTPD + = Awe DLLs fromss tks pits, Thesigmab MME [ = from ey NL = Unle -to-lin 8p = physical addieoe of 1 beside voorer sit io decided by au, Pe end sto end : Miler Seading"nek. tL ..dds anothe e [eel] berduet Soll, Ss " ¥ Combining all the | different Pdtocols data and sending jo cated ey 7 : G multiplexing. : Gy egieaty padbkitioned and sent “through the retdia. At tH” Kecelue side," all these are combined and recetued eohich ie Kroon @! >) de-rnultipl Pan ' a, After vecetutng 1 segrneal, Th sends ack Z ‘ 5 Za of source tho vemove 1 8HG. ab oouree : *¥ Weise a segments ave collected at deat XN wt O vsing serutee point addreages TL derulttiplexes o prt 4o different “applications * oO ; ® 4 o a a re 7 a + Exvor vetie ame Aes 299 ar dove. by “two aspects :- % Lok level (vetaiinrtoyes) : 2* Cad Ao End -level CTrasport foyer) XS hove the extra field catted’ “checksum along coith sthe dato. - ere > cheek tinkerrors checkovro cheek leo errors eee _ : Co [ost eckson] : i me | Transport teed dag oat ts ca WUReS hee f cone, ated 8k i> covnce, e an A Sh received ‘by couret remove foe pt . LE rected le A - CE,) ae 2 2: oF ae 8 Risto control cS * ; ¥ TF a problem occurs in Transport loger Gof 8), then tt den. 5 gb 28t CotD to the sender's Taneport loys inotead of Router a (aos we of a) ; nde oe j [Session tages Ce 3 2 ' 2 aie 58 * Dialog control | Oialogve disciplise Cmatyt sining diecipitns af eonnectis FPF Mointaining chectrpéints Gulp “er inordtex not to orp! the seesiony %: Grouping of operations a ‘ = : ae Career Oe e: 7 By osing Takes”, jmmmonice c catabitenes, Seeding data e Taken ot Dae ae “4d EE UE cookinsovsly sending 9 and o's to conoideved ao.aTdoimpiy de é& FG" Group's tal) piss @ 46 co ap | Eoavecbe Hs 9° locks wal Gy | beenleer ae 96 5 opuations eee oy) then tt is seceded ve i \ a &e- wun) j @ Veloce oy a, Session layer ate ¢0 ao Ba ® Jains all the group of operattons, iisoppoid ( Deesioa™ hecepigy, Pagiorny, k When a. file. is if connection is discarded to by, tdding | then the download "theo “the oer hove tO start fiore the -ftvet- Th orded. ous come) this” probiens. cheek pointy ane introduced oobich specifies tie® : eu chechpoise upto completed file aed continues atthe pame’ potat, bem Aecontodied “ego's: ey fon DAR. [mt : & : ; -¢€ 5 e > ° i te ~ “4 - gris St * Encryption hy % Compression. = a eo As19 Did ao Bro OL & 10 a cnn en @ TF Asew oR ——- & ~ @ af, dole pee extemal “ TY prove 0» Of x Sia te ata 4 ef - 4 oh Eecego SiGeF Enetyption 9 0 a ; : a ; 23 of se 2 ee a . yi y % FRE] wor] Amv uploced.coith @ = Bre Ket “le > t Eooy “to hacks. © $0, RSA Des 49 hea possible algorithaad luced. u These heys “tates seconds to breaty, cobitie ROA “toes Brean. 0, ee consider % 99. omfe’ algorithm 2669 Compression :- 640K8 ~~ 30 (Compreseinns | © &-——-© 4 f 640K = 370. Jo eampresston; ew @ 6 ey Saak® frm -d0Ke 1 Ie. SACK — agoKe £ Troffic fo lees L2Y Ale Jo deeompers : Groke 4 Time spent 00 sending packets is aleo leas 2) Coed-+—Badd Dhosnng oo eameitin Peel & To roultioneds teil ng debnady sett + Compussion of data is important . and io otper, oppli~ Hons, decomprtesion=is mainly considered~ ToT ag y : —- t BO 25 sovnee & dest. vse seme coded system, then i fa eaaste 40 convert “the givin code into othe code Gt Source , & cleat ; 1 cod Cheadee), The: ®© eovrce ively stads: data con) by repreoenting ik ao & a. {f deat. aloo v9t9 same code then 90 problero. “Ef deat. uses Stereede, it eenmoo “ ef ve Motataining! _ baimonifl among protocote . ; ee oA F TRS voer Interface Design Cot) mvt be perfeck c * Dependiag “en veers preference. one protocol to converted Into ober ad 0) After completion of ~Ihe task aghin converted to original protocol. B ( “Era 6 6 ATM. for cheching-aceount details, http protocol 4o-beed,. and. for transactions, https prctoco! is weed, Ute rade f Ow s Sener, -4 Hub — 1 PL) - a Swctches — 2 ( Pr PLL) AL J) fh - el . °° ide 3 (fl .OLt »NL) Bro = » : & Gubttige 2 — 7aot 0 ae <¢ +e 2 Trdependentiy. tne lagers are changed ‘coithout impact © 2¢ Py €€€e¢ egos isloztaoso Frideq eres e Advantoges of ho HE uses Divide- and - conquer principle administration fe Simple # Tt vses object-oriented! Principle lite Abstraction - Tf ang. change of ops F105 @ docen't effect os fan _ ts@q @ 5 ‘application, “thes abstraction is prefect Disadvantages -. * Bader depindaney among ‘layering ayers = 3e° Duplication of oad . hiding “the elements Cper Abstraction & Entapdvlatic forpa operations, Bs docso't represent he” procetuy ene groodel 1 @ O9- reference | * ! &, € ¢ i G i ~ c = pip one e.f bu «cf No Aefinition for ailpiticasting GITE ie dearty defined to replg! ¢ (8) Standards ave tcl © ty Standarde are practical: @ Pe ° i lg, 1 CAD hot of flexibilit ( C i q . . t Efe site tondefined board os the ® : | - oc C pnt, aie ie booed on neteooniyisie): | cheracterioties 9 of! cach tapes @ Pe ; re RET | wo yon ® 6 Sliding” Mlindowo protocol t-~ : £4 = - & = , o Characteroti e : &. ¥ Tt is used in correction. ortented communication : : 4 . ® * TE offers fleco conta} and ‘packet. level error control. Bi, 2 te ved &: Tt is veed both in Traroport lave J eokla - nd Por layer and Ontalinklayer. Be # LE Teo “hiortical concept. procticaty ienplernented a9 3 BG * ad - coat ” eo Bw} & Go- Back ~ w : . - ce ~ € Selective Repebt Protocol . ofsslog}e6x0 Feiday Adverts of Joysng. pst: ~ * 8S Divide and - conquer Principke « Therefore, mar. Administation to sirople # Tt sea object-orvetecd Prrciple like Abstraction @ “Abstraction - Bicling “the elemects oo = dotan't repieoed AF any change of opeata, 120%. @ : see dotsn't 'é Sfeet oo application, “then : eae ppttcation, “the ae : abstacton is i eo puter. - eo BG" Mepeodenty tne eae: layers are changed coithout impact on ofbers - hemeeeneecie a 3¢ Disodiactages :-_ ~ i = 3 nae : a 3 - * Bader dependancy among lagenag Byokms -- ve r ' e 7 t _ : 3e° Depttcation of fonetionality . : 90 — ae . Se ae : . ge ao fs a A