Nowyba rama Pome Faas Cart Cancre Power Factor Correction Capacitor Bank, Capacitor Bark EALEE ~ ‘Shop By Phone! woowstonve GERD Tynento Gy S80 (PAD Beam creersiaus ——newstener Sign-up Shop wahContdence AboutUs ConeaUs our Brands Ae cDEeFGHT3KLMNOPQRSTUYWwKYE Buy Products rrocucts, Brands inercmec wie cane | Tech Tip {Seger ee oor oes B Accesories HARMONIC DISTORTION Seeyasgaicg | The Harmoi {fetana moosurement Problem ‘any device wth nonnes operating characteristics can produce harmonics in yur ower system Kyou are cry using ‘oquipmars that can cause harmonies orhave experienced hameont lated prstlems, capaztor reactor ote bank equipment ‘Send-In Repair may be the scuton, Ney ent @ Reboscs Harmonic distortion and related problems in electrical power systems are Power cri becoming more and more prevalent in electrical distribution systems. ‘On-Site Repair Problems Created by Harmonics Engineered Systems Excess heating and tae of capacitor, capacitor tes, arslomors, motors, forescent Hahn ballasts, oe Clearance Catalog [sancotipgng of crc breaker or Bown Rises Une cards < Presence ofthe fd naman & multe ofthe 2d hamnc neta gong sytem may equ the desing ot real contcts What's New + Rois for nao hat ld to eroneus operation of enol system components + Damage o sorte soc pment Tech Te 1 Eleceniccommunicasonshtorerance Partner Links “The following isa dscussion af tamonics; the characteris a the problem; and a dgcussion of ou station, 2ob Opportunities Origins of Harmonie Distortion “he eer nreasing domand of industry and commerce for stay, astabty and accuracy of conta in lctcal equipment lod tothe delopmontorelatvay low est power odes, thystors, SCs and ater power semiconductors, Now use wel roctfor ccs for U?.S, systems, stale conser and AC. & 0.C. motor cont, these modem devs replace the mercy aro Fectfar of eat years ana erete naw and changing condons fr the power enginet of oda. ‘though std state devices, suc as the thyristor, have bought sigfcat improves in contol desans a efcency, hay ine the dsahtage of posing harmon cunts, Harmonic curenis can cause a dstutbance on the supply network an atersely fect the operation of oer Inclusing power factor carecton eapactrs, ciel equipment We ar concentating ou discussions on harmonic current sources associated with sol tate power slactonics bul her ae ‘actally many ater sources ofharmonie curate. These sources canbe groupes int rea mam area! 41 Power electronic equipment: Vaable speed dies (AG VFDOs, OC ernes, PWM des, ee); UPS systems, rect, ‘wich mode power supotes, slale converters, thyristor systems, lode ges, SCR eontaled induction funaces and SCR onl systems, 2. cing equpment: Arc fumaces, wolors,ghtng (mercury vapex. uorescent) 5. Saab cedoes: Transiomers, motors, generals, et. The Ramone ampltudes 2 inslonitent compared Yo power slecroic and arcing eqpment, unless saluaion occu 2 de ee usualy Waveform Harmonics ae sinusocal wats tat ae eters multe a the Undamental 60 Hz waveform (2, 1st haan = 6D He; 5 harmonic = 300). Al comslex wavtor can be revoked into a sores of snutetal waves ofrious Fequancies, therlor ary Comex waveform fs the sum af numberof odd or evn harmonic oflesser or greater ave, Harmonics ae coninucus (steady Stata) stubarcos or astotions on the slactrcal network and ae a completely eifret subject or problm For line spikes, Surges, sags, impulses, et, which are categozed aa transient dsturbances Transient problems are usualy Sed by insaling suppression or isolation deweos such as suge capacitor, isolation tanstorners oF M.0.V 5. These devcos wil help solv the ransient problems ut wil act he mitigation of low oer harmonics or soke hhamenie resonance problems Harmonic Content “Thystor and SOR comers are usual rood toby te mumbo of DC curont pulses they produce each eyo. The most commenly used ar 6 puss and 12 pul TYPICAL PERCENTAGE OF ‘onver oF Harmonic | TYPICAL PERCENTAGE 0 GPulse [12 PulseNowra rama 5 20 a 2 2 2 @ @ 19 5 D 7 7 Cr ‘Tere are many factors that can inuence the harmanie content but typzal armontecurents, shown az'2 percentage of the fundamental curent, are given Inthe above fable, Ozer nrmonic will Sivays be present, t> some degree, but or practcal reasons trey have bean roree. Harmonic Overloading of Capacitors ‘The impedance ofa cre tates the current How in that ce ‘As the supely impedance is goneally considered tobe induct, the netwerk impedance increases with Fequoncy whl tho Impedance ofa cepector decreases. This causes a gear propoton ofthe curens cculating a fequencies above tne ‘undamertal supply fequency tobe absorbed by the capaci, and al equipment associated wih the capacior In coin crcumstances, haan curens can exceed the ali ofthe undomental (0 He) capacitor cure. These harmonic problems can aso cause an nereaved wllage across the dlc of the capacitor which eu exceed the rex va Faing ofthe especr, resulting n premature capactor fare. Harmonic Resonance “The crcut or selectv resonant Fequoncy is ached when th capacitor reactance ard the supply roactance are equa Whenever power actor carection capactors are apple to aestnason network, which combnes capacitance and inuctant thre wl avays bea tequercy al which the capaci are paral esarance wth In SUPE. Lf thle canaton occurs on, or cose to, one ofthe harmenics ‘generate by sold state Contrelequiament, tren large narmonic Gurrents can croviage between the supoly network ane the capactor Squipmene: These currents are lmted only by the damping resistance inthe creuit Suen currents will ead to the harmonic vahage turbance hn the network causing an ceased voRage distortion. ‘Tis results a higher vehage across the eapactor and excessive {Currant through allcapactor components. Resonance can occu on Shy Frequency, but n general, the resonariee we are concerned with i83n, or ese to, the Sth, 7m, S10 8nd 13th harmonies for 6 pulse systens. Avoiding Resonance ‘There are a number of ways to aval resonance when instaling Eapacitors. Ih lrger systems may be possible to stallthem n a par tthe system that wil nat result ha parallel resonance with toe Suppy: Varying the kvar output rating ofthe capactor bank wil ater the resonant Fequency. With eapackor switching there willbe 2 diferent resonant reauency for eae step. Cnanging the numberof Swrcang steps may avold resonance at each step of Switching, Overcoming Resonance If resonance cannot be avoided, an altemative solution is Le GTS BS series connected reactor must have a tuning frecuency below a the lowest critical order of harmonic, which is usually the Sth. L eleatarace l . should be taken when adding reactors to existing capactors Reduction of Harmonie Distortion Harmonic curenis can be slgniteartly reduced in an elctical system by using @ harmonNowra rama In ts sie frm, attr consists of capacitor connects in saris wth 2 reactor tuned to @ spect hamane tequancy. theory, the impedance othe fits zero a the tring frequency; there, he harmenic certs absorbed bythe ie. Tis, togeher| wth he natural resistance ofthe ect, meas thal enya small of harmenic caren wl ow nthe rotwork. Types of Fitters ‘The effectiveness of any fer design depends on the reactive output ofthe fer, tuning accuracy and the mpedance ofthe network st the point of connecton Harmonics below the ter tuning Frequency wil be arplfied. The fer design is portant to ensure that distortion = not amplified to Unacceptable levels, Where there are several hrmonice present, @ titer may reduce some harmenice whie increasing others, A Akar for the 7en harmonic eraates 2 paral resonance nthe vieney of te Sth harmonic wah magnification ofthe existing Sth harmonk theretore, 2 Deh narmonie Ate reqaires Sth harmonic iter. Consequently is kten necessary to use s multiple fiter design where each Mets nee to's dierent frequency. Experience is extremely important inthe design of suc iter to ° 4.) the most efficient and cost elective solution fe selectess 3 no adverse interaction between the system ane the liter Load Alteration \Whenee load expansion is considered, the network Is katy to change en existing ter equipment should be east in onjunelon withthe ra aa eandon. kis no recommended o hav two of mee filers tuned to the same Faqueney connected {an be sare distribution system. Sight tuning oronces may cause one ile To tako a much largo” sha ofthe harmonic Gietovon Or, may cause amplieation of te hammon ede which he equipment has Deen desgned fo reduce. When there is & need ovary the power factor eorerion component of @hamont fir, care consideration of al oad pavameters is necessary Harmonie Analysis “heft step in song harmonic related problems isto perio an analysis to determin te specie needs of your lectical station system. To determine eapata and Rite requirements, I's necessary to esaalsh the impedance ofthe Supply rotwork ad th value of each harmonic curert. Capacitor reactor an fer bark equipment are then spaced undo: wry detailed tnd sngont compiler analysis fo meet your needs. The Harmonie Solution Capacitor, De-tuned Capacitor & Fier Bank products from ABB Control. ‘sea Brown Boveri (ABB) s the work's largest manufacturer of Gry type low velage capactors, ABS Contre uszes ‘his txpenence in recormsancing thive options to solve the prablems associated with applying eapactors to systems Roving hormone distortion 11, Apply the correct amount of capactance (var to the Retworktoavosd resongnee with tre souree- Ths may Be inca, especialy ettomaiesytar oe Gapactance ls always changing. Ths Solutan usually Imaans connecting lass capactance tothe system tran Is ‘Automatic Reactor actualy neeced for optimom power factor correction Capacitor Banke 2, Install reactors n series wah copactors tower the Fesanance below eric! order hormones; Le. 5th, 70, Tith'a 13th. This design tunes the resonant quency of the system wellbelow the sth harmonic andi called 3 {detuned fker bane. Ths solution allows the capackors £0 ‘operate ina harmonic environment 3, Fiters are recommended ia prosiem exists with hermoni distortion before the application of power Facer carrectan, orittne harman distrtcn s above the lms recomanced in I2E2 519, Guge for narmanic CContrl and Reactve Compensation of State Power Converters. The recommended its for volage Sistortion in IEEE 519 are presently 5% for general Sppleatons.) Tuned fters sized to eecuce the hermonie bterion at ees requencies have the benefits of farrectng the power factor end improving the network omer qualty. With our knowledge of harmonics, ARB Control provides a famplate range of products from inalidual capactors, xed Banks and autorate oaks, to power fer systems, Al hase products utllee dry type fw voltage ABB power actor Exrreton capeciar cements whics are selfnesing Yor internal “To maintain stngent qualty control standards, most control Campenente found In ABB Control automate reeeor and ker induse contactors, creut breakers, contra eays, disconnect TTT fwtoes, power cor rey end busncouton devices sob at pete Feet See waar ele aw) phactorprosuc neorprates sortase oy pe derBm eS Saree” envronmartaland personnal concn arsceaieg = atts eaige or tarmasity of cversoal sired ne se Misted + Patented Sequential Protection System with dry, se feeling dese Internally pratected elements; and dry, non-lammable vermiulte filerNowra rama Pome Faas Cartas Individual units, fees and automatic capactor bank ‘esigns, 208-8000 ‘itomat and fee tuned or de-tuned capactor banks Gh:site pemer factor ana harmonic studies Ck approved “Tesh Tip |l Power Esctor Correction Caos, Featured Products || Power & Electrical Popular Cut Sheets [| Power Qualty & Productivity ‘alco Industria! 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