52

Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

BIEN, AO VIET NAM

ASEAN VI TRIEN VONG GIAI QUYET

TRANH CHAP BIEN ONG

Hong Vit*
1. Gii thieu ve bien ong

Bien ong la mot bien na kn va la mot trong nhng khu vc chien

lc quan trong bac nhat tren the gii. Vung bien nay trai rong t khoang v
tuyen 30 nam ti v tuyen 230 bac va c b bien cua cac nc Trung Quoc
(bao gom ca ao ai Loan), Viet Nam, Campuchia, Thai Lan, Malaysia,
Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines bao boc xung quanh. Vi dien
tch be mat khoang 1.148.500 hai ly vuong (tng ng 3.939.245km2),
bien ong la mot trong nhng bien ln nhat the gii.
Khu vc bien ong bao gom nhng tuyen ng hang hai nhon nhp
bac nhat cua the gii, noi khu vc ong Bac A va Tay Thai Bnh Dng vi
An o Dng va Trung ong. Trung bnh mot nam co khoang hn 41.000
lt tau bien qua lai khu vc nay.(1) Cac tau ch dau i qua eo bien Malacca
(nam cuoi pha tay nam cua bien ong) nhieu gap ba lan so vi lng tau
ch dau i qua kenh ao Suez, va nhieu gap nam lan so vi lng tau qua
kenh ao Panama.(2) Hn 80% lng dau kh nhap khau cua Nhat t Trung
ong, Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia phai i ngang vung bien nay.(3) Vung
bien nay con la khu vc cung cap nguon hai san quan trong cho cac oi
tau anh ca cua Nhat Ban, Trung Quoc, ai Loan, Viet Nam, Campuchia,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore va Thai Lan.
Ngoai viec ay la con ng hang hai quan trong th bien ong cung
la mot khu vc giau tai nguyen gom ca nguon hai san va tiem nang dau
kh. Cac chuyen gia Trung Quoc c tnh la khu vc nay cha khoang 225
ty barrels dau mo va kh ot thien nhien.(4)
Hien nay ca Brunei, Malaysia va Viet Nam cung la nhng quoc gia
xuat khau dau kh, con Trung Quoc t nam 1993 a tr thanh mot trong
nhng quoc gia nhap khau dau kh ln nhat tren the gii. Hien nay, trung
bnh moi ngay Trung Quoc tieu thu khoang 7,85 trieu barrels dau mo.(5) D
oan ti 2010 Trung Quoc se tieu thu khoang 10 en 12 trieu barrels dau
moi ngay, trong so o, Trung Quoc phai nhap khau tren 53%. Cho ti thang
5 nam 2008, Trung Quoc a tr thanh nha nhap khau dau mo ln th hai
tren the gii, ch sau Nhat Ban. Hien nay, Trung Quoc mua 46% lng dau
* Trng ai hoc Luat Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh.

Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

53

nhap khau cua ho t Trung ong, 32% t chau Phi va 5% t ong A. Tren
80% lng dau nhap khau cua Trung Quoc phai i qua eo bien Malacca.(6)
Vi cong nghe khai thac dau kh nh hien nay, vi nhng tiem nang rat
ln ve dau kh tren cac them luc a (continental shelves) va cac khu vc
bien khac th bien ong se thc s la mot khu vc chien lc quan trong
oi vi bat c quoc gia nao trong khu vc va ac biet quan trong oi vi
Trung Quoc, mot quoc gia ay tham vong muon gay anh hng en toan the
gii. Tham ch, neu cac yeu sach cua Trung Quoc tren vung bien nay c
cac nc khac chap nhan th quyen tai phan cua Trung Quoc se c keo
dai ra ai dng 1.000 hai ly t at lien, tng ng dien tch a Trung
Hai, va ho se che ng c vung bien trung tam cua khu vc ong Nam
A.(7) S hien dien cua hai quan Trung Quoc tai khu vc nay se e doa en
khong ch Philippines hay Viet Nam, ma con e doa ca Brunei, Indonesia,
Malaysia na. Them na, neu kiem soat c khu vc bien chien lc nay,
Trung Quoc con e doa en ca an ninh cua Nhat Ban, Hoa Ky hay bat c
cng quoc nao neu i qua khu vc nay.

Chuoi ao th nhat va chuoi ao th hai trong chien lc vn ra ai dng cua Trung Quoc.
Nguon: Annual report to congress, Military Power of the Peoples Republic of China, 2009.

Mac du hai quan Trung Quoc cha thc s manh, e co the thong
tr bien ong, nhng ho khong giau giem tham vong o. Hien nay Trung
Quoc van cha co tau san bay nao, nhng ho a co ke hoach xay dng hai

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Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

tau san bay trong thi gian sap ti... Trung Quoc cung cong khai boc lo y
nh trien khai theo hoc thuyet Mahan,(*) vi y nh bien Trung Quoc thanh
mot cng quoc bien, t o co the thong tr the gii.(8) Va trong y o o, bien
ong co mot v tr chien lc het sc quan trong. Vi tham vong vn ra
ai dng, Trung Quoc a hnh dung ra hai chuoi ao chnh,(9) trong o bien
ong nam trong chuoi ao so 1, nh la ca ngo e Trung Quoc co the vn
ra chuoi ao so 2, dan dan thong tr Thai Bnh Dng va An o Dng, t
o co the thoa man giac mong sieu cng.
2. Cac yeu sach chong lan tren bien ong
Cac tranh chap tren bien ong a anh hng en mot loat cac quan
he song phng gia cac quoc gia trong khu vc va no cung gay cang thang
cho moi quan he gia Cong hoa Nhan dan Trung Hoa (Trung Quoc) oi vi
khoi ASEAN.
Hien nay, ngoai quan ao Hoang Sa (Paracel Archipelago) ang la oi
tng tranh chap gia Viet Nam va Trung Quoc (bao gom ca ai Loan), quan
ao nay a b Trung Quoc dung vu lc chiem gi t nam 1974, th quan ao
Trng Sa (Spratly Archipelago) cung la oi tng tranh chap cua Brunei,
Trung Quoc (bao gom ca ai Loan), Malaysia, Philippines va Viet Nam. Cac
tranh chap nay b chi phoi rat nhieu bi cac yeu to kinh te, luat phap, ngoai
giao chien lc va cac li ch a-chnh tr khac nhau cung an xen.
Cuoc tranh chap bien ong dien ra trong boi canh cua Hoi ngh Cong
c Luat bien cua Lien Hiep Quoc (LHQ) lan th III (UNCLOS III). Cong
c Luat bien cua LHQ c thong qua ngay 30 thang 4 nam 1982 va bat
au co hieu lc vao ngay 16 thang 11 nam 1994. Cho en nay, tat ca cac
quoc gia trong khoi ASEAN va Trung Quoc a tr thanh thanh vien cua
cong c nay.
Cong c nay a quy nh ve tham quyen phap ly oi vi cac vung bien
cua cac quoc gia ven bien. Theo o, cac quy che phap ly oi vi cac vung bien
c cong c quy nh nh vung noi thuy (internal water), vung nc quan
ao (archipelagic water), lanh hai (territorial sea), vung tiep giap lanh hai
(contiguos zone), vung ac quyen kinh te (exclusive economic zone), them
luc a (continental shelf) va bien ca (high seas). Theo quy nh tai cong c
nay th lanh tho cua cac quoc gia ven bien (coastal states) co the m rong
lanh hai ti 12 hai ly tnh t ng c s (base line), vung tiep giap lanh
hai keo dai 24 hai ly tnh t ng c s. Va nh vay, quyen chu quyen cua
cac quoc gia ven bien tai vung ac quyen kinh te khong ch c keo dai
200 hai ly tnh t ng c s oi vi viec tham do va khai thac tai nguyen
bien (bao gom ca cac tai nguyen sinh vat va cac tai nguyen phi sinh vat),
* Hoc thuyet Mahan do Alfred Thayer Mahan (1840-1914) khi xng vao cuoi the ky 19, e
cao vai tro quan trong cua quyen lc bien, dan en viec nhieu quoc gia ua nhau xay dng he
thong hai lc trc The chien 1. BBT.

Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

55

ma theo cong c, them luc a cua cac quoc gia ven bien con co the keo dai
ti 350 hai ly tnh t ng c s. Quyen chu quyen cua cac quoc gia ven
bien oi vi them luc a c gii han viec tham do va khai thac cac tai
nguyen phi sinh vat.
T o, a dan en nhng tranh cai la hau het cac ao thuoc quan ao
Trng Sa co the co nhng vung bien rieng theo cac quy nh cua cong c
hay khong? ieu (1)121 cua Cong c Luat bien (UNCLOS) xac nh rang
mot ao la mot vung at t nhien co nc bao boc, khi thuy trieu len vung
at nay van tren mat nc. Mot ao phai co nhng ieu kien t nhien
toi thieu e am bao cho i song cua con ngi. Nhng ao a nao khong
thch hp cho con ngi en hoac mot i song kinh te rieng, th khong
co vung ac quyen ve kinh te va them luc a.(10) Cac ao a nao ma khong
thch hp cho con ngi ti , hoac la ao nhan tao th ch co the co lanh
hai 12 hai ly va 500m cho vung an toan ma thoi. Nh vay, hau het cac ao
a thuoc quan ao Trng Sa eu ch co lanh hai 12 hai ly ma thoi.
Cac yeu sach cua cac quoc gia lien quan trong cuoc tranh chap bien
ong co the c chia thanh hai loai. Loai th nhat la cac yeu sach ve chu
quyen cac ao trong hai quan ao Hoang Sa va Trng Sa. Loai th hai la
s keo dai cac quyen cua cac quoc gia ven bien c dien giai di cac quy
nh cua Cong c Luat bien nam 1982.
Quan iem cua Trung Quoc cho rang bien ong la bien ac quyen cua
Trung Quoc va ho yeu sach chu quyen oi vi gan 80% bien ong thong qua
ng li bo.(11) Yeu sach cua ho da tren thuyet kham pha va chiem hu
lanh tho. Sau khi phe chuan Cong c (UNCLOS) vao thang 5 nam 1996,
Trung Quoc a tuyen bo mot ng c s thang (straight base line) xung
quanh quan ao Hoang Sa, mac du theo cong c, ch nhng quoc gia quan
ao mi co the thc hien ng c s thang nh vay, va trong khu vc ch
co Indonesia va Philippines mi la quoc gia quan ao.
Da tren cac luan iem phap ly tng t nh Trung Quoc, ai Loan
cung yeu sach chu quyen cua ho giong nh Trung Quoc ang yeu sach. T
nam 1956, ai Loan a chiem gi ao Ba Bnh (Itu Aba) - ao ln nhat
trong quan ao Trng Sa. Trung Quoc to thai o ho tr ai Loan trong
cuoc tranh chap nay.(12)
Cac yeu sach cua Viet Nam (bao gom ca yeu sach cua chnh quyen Viet
Nam Cong Hoa) chu yeu da tren s kham pha va chiem hu lanh tho.(13)
Cac thanh vien sang lap ASEAN(14) co lien quan en tranh chap nay
chu yeu a ra yeu sach da tren thuyet keo dai them luc a hn la cac yeu
sach ve chu quyen da tren cac bang chng lch s. Philippines yeu sach
hau het cac ao thuoc quan ao Trng Sa (ngoai tr ao Trng Sa) va
cho rang khu vc nay la Kalayan (vung at t do theo tieng Philippines).

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Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

Chnh thc tuyen bo yeu sach nam 1971, nam 1978 mot ao luat cua Tong
thong Philippines a tuyen bo vung Kalayan nay la mot phan thuoc lanh
tho Philippines.(15) Philippines cung a tuyen bo vung ac quyen kinh te
200 hai ly. Sau o t lau, nam 1979, Malaysia tuyen bo quan ao Trng Sa
la lanh tho cua ho da tren s keo dai cua them luc a.(16) Brunei tuyen bo
thiet lap vung ac quyen kinh te 200 hai ly cua ho keo dai ti pha nam cua
quan ao Trng Sa, bao gom bai a ngam Louisa.(17) Indonesia khong lien
quan en tranh chap chu quyen tren hai quan ao Hoang Sa va Trng Sa,
nhng vung mo kh Natuna cua Indonesia lai nam trong yeu sach chu quyen
bien vi ng li bo cua Trung Quoc.(18)
3. Cac xung ot vu trang va tnh trang status quo tren bien ong
Vi s ln manh va boc lo nhng tham vong chi phoi khu vc nay cua
hai quan Trung Quoc, a at khoi ASEAN trc nhng th thach to ln.
Tuy nhien, ngoai tr Philippines va Viet Nam, cac nc ASEAN khac eu
cha cam thay s e doa trc tiep t cac hanh ong cua Trung Quoc en an
ninh cua nc mnh.(19) Dng nh cac quoc gia ang e mac cho dien bien
cuoc tranh chap theo hng gi nguyen hien trang (status quo) v ai cung
co nhng toan tnh rieng. Trung Quoc va cac nc ASEAN a thng lng
trong nhieu nam e i en mot Bo luat ve ng x tren bien ong (a Code
of Conduct for the South China Sea) tuy nhien van con ton tai rat nhieu tr
ngai. Bac Kinh to ra khong muon b rang buoc bi mot cam ket phap ly a
phng ma trong o gii han tham vong cua ho trong tranh chap tai quan
ao Trng Sa thong qua cac cuoc oi thoai. Them na, tnh trang chia re
cua ASEAN van luon dien ra, cu the la quan iem khac biet gia mot ben la
Malaysia va ben kia la Philippines va Viet Nam trong viec a ra Bo luat
ng x tai bien ong.
Trung Quoc a luon biet s dung u the ve sc manh quan s cua
mnh e at chan len cac v tr can thiet tren bien ong. Vao thang 1
nam 1974, Trung Quoc a thanh cong trong viec dung lc lng quan s
e anh bat quan oi cua Viet Nam Cong Hoa ang tran gi quan ao
Hoang Sa, va ho a nhanh chong kiem soat quan ao nay. Hanh ong
quan s nay la mot phan cua s cang thang Xo-Trung nhng cuoi cung ket
thuc van la s gia tang anh hng cua Trung Quoc tai bien ong. Trung
Quoc van cha co s hien dien cua ho bat c ao, a nao Trng Sa
cho en nam 1988. Trung Quoc a yeu sach toan bo quan ao Trng Sa,
cho nen ho can gap rut phai co mat Trng Sa tren mot so ao a, qua
bien phap vu lc. Hau het cac quoc gia yeu sach chu quyen a duy tr cac
lc lng cua ho tren mot so ao a tai Trng Sa. Sau mot cuoc ung o
tren bien vi Viet Nam vao ngay 14 thang 3 nam 1988, Trung Quoc a
xam chiem mot so ao a Trng Sa. Nhng xung ot gia Trung Quoc
va Viet Nam luc o a khong thu hut c s chu y cua cac nc thanh
vien ASEAN, bi v ho ang tap trung vao cuoc xung ot Campuchia. Va

Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

57

them na, Trung Quoc a khong gay han vi bat c mot thanh vien nao
cua ASEAN luc o.(20)
Sau khi cuoc xung ot Campuchia (Campuchia Conflict) c giai
quyet vi Hiep nh Paris c ky vao thang 10 nam 1991, luc nay cac
tranh chap tren bien ong lai tr nen thu hut nhieu s quan tam hn.
Thang 2 nam 1992, Trung Quoc a thong qua Luat ve lanh hai va vung tiep
giap lanh hai, theo o Trung Quoc a nhac lai cac yeu sach cua ho tren bien
ong, va cho rang ho co quyen s dung sc manh quan s e bao ve cac
ao (bao gom ca quan ao Trng Sa) va cac vung nc xung quanh cac ao
o.(21) ao luat nay cua Trung Quoc a ngang nhien thach thc ti cac bien
phap giai quyet tranh chap hoa bnh a c neu trong Hien chng LHQ,
va o cung la s khieu khch quan s trc tiep oi vi khoi ASEAN.
Vao ngay 8 thang 2 nam 1995, Philippines a phat hien ra s xam
nhap cua lc lng quan s Trung Quoc tren bai Vanh Khan (Mischief Reef),
ma Philippines cho la thuoc khu vc Kalayan, mot bo phan lanh tho cua
Philippines. Va xung ot gia hai ben a no ra, ay co le la lan au tien
Trung Quoc trc tiep xung ot vi mot thanh vien ASEAN ve van e lanh
tho bien.
S kien bai Vanh Khan dien ra trong mot boi canh ac biet, luc nay
cac lc lng quan s My va rut khoi hai can c quan s Philippines
la Subic va Clark nam 1992, e bien ong vao tnh trang chan khong
quyen lc, ay la c hoi e Trung Quoc tiep tuc khang nh s hien dien
ve quan s cua mnh tren Trng Sa, tiep theo sau s kien 1988. Sau
khi Tong thong Philippines Fidel Ramos cc lc len an hanh ong xam
chiem cua Trung Quoc, Manila a phan ng lai bang viec tm kiem mot
s ho tr a phng va a ra bien phap tra ua bang cach pha huy cac
dau moc cua Trung Quoc tren bai Vanh Khan, roi bat mot so ng dan cua
Trung Quoc vao thang 3 nam 1995.(22) Cung luc o, Philippines tuyen bo
mot ke hoach hien ai hoa quan s. Sau o, Trung Quoc va Philippines
a cung nhau ky mot thoa thuan song phng, thoa thuan nay khong
cho phep s dung sc manh quan s trong giai quyet tranh chap va keu
goi a ra cac bien phap hoa bnh theo cac quy nh trong Cong c
Luat bien.
Ke t sau s kien bai Vanh Khan, chnh sach oi ngoai cua Trung Quoc
dng nh sau khi thc hien nhng viec a roi (status quo) th to ra ton
trong quy pham tieu chuan quoc te hn la a ra cac bien phap chong oi lai
trat t quoc te. Mot hoc gia cho rang: Chnh sach oi ngoai cua Bac Kinh
rat khon ngoan va sac sao, luon tm kiem s ung ho cua toan khu vc.(23)
Quan iem nay a c chng minh bang cac hanh ong cua ho tren bien
ong cung nh ho a tm cach m rong s co mat cua ho tren bai Vanh
Khan. Tham ch vi viec xay dng bai Vanh Khan thanh mot can c kien

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Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

co hn vao nam 1998, th chnh sach cua Bac Kinh oi vi bien ong a
c tiep tuc phat trien hn trong nhng nam gan ay trong viec chia re
cac nc ASEAN. S san long giup ve kinh te cua Trung Quoc oi vi cac
nc ASEAN e tm s ung ho thay the cho cac quan he cang thang gia
Trung Quoc vi Nhat Ban va cung lien quan ti viec quay tr lai cac can c
quan s tren khu vc ong Nam A cua My, sau s kien khung bo ngay 11
thang 9 nam 2001.
Trong khi cac quoc gia tranh chap tang cng viec s dung lc lng
quan s e kiem soat cac ao a (reefs), ieu o a dan ti cac va cham
thng xuyen dien ra. Thang 3 nam 1999, Malaysia chiem gi a Tham
Hiem (Navigator Reef), b ca Viet Nam va Brunei cung len an, con quan
he gia Malaysia va Philippines cung tr nen het sc cang thang. Thang
8 nam 2002, quan oi Viet Nam on tru tren mot so ao a Trng Sa
a ban an phao e canh cao may bay quan s cua Philippines hoat ong
tren bau tri cua vung bien nay.(24) Ben canh cac bien phap quan s, cac ben
tranh chap con gia tang cac bien phap phi quan s e giup tao them u the
cho cac yeu sach cua ho.
Hau het cac ao a thuoc Trng Sa eu rat nho e co the xay dng
cac can c quan s va thc hien cac hoat ong quan s tren o. Hien nay,
Trung Quoc van cha co u nhng ieu kien can thiet e kiem soat toan bo
quan ao Trng Sa bang nhng bien phap quan s. Tuy nhien, hien nay
hai quan Trung Quoc a c hien ai hoa va manh hn bat ky hai quan
cua nc nao trong khu vc.
S ln manh cung nh cac hanh ong quan s cua Trung Quoc tai
Trng Sa a lam cac quoc gia tranh chap lo ngai, ac biet la Philippines
va Viet Nam. Viet Nam a lnh hoi sau sac moi quan he oi khang gia Viet
Nam va Trung Quoc t sau xa trong lch s, ma xung ot tai Trng Sa ch
la mot iem noi tiep trong mot chuoi cac s kien lien quan en quan he lau
i cua hai nc.
Tuy nhien, Viet Nam lai khong u sc manh quan s e chong lai cac
hanh ong quan s ngay cang gia tang cua Trung Quoc tren bien ong. e
chong lai anh hng ln manh cua hai quan Trung Quoc tren bien ong,
Viet Nam can tm kiem s ung ho t ben ngoai, the nhng, luc nay Viet
Nam van khong co moi lien he quan s nao vi Hoa Ky cho du hai ben a
thiet lap moi quan he chnh thc vao ngay 11 thang 7 nam 1995. Them na,
luc nay Hoa Ky to thai o ro rang la ho se khong can d vao tranh chap
bien ong.
S kien bai Vanh Khan cung cho thay s yeu the cua Philippines
trong cuoc tranh chap do khong co lc lng quan s u manh. Them na,
Philippines a khong loi keo c Hoa Ky vao tranh chap nay, ngoai tr
mot tuyen bo ve viec duy tr quyen t do lu thong cho cac tuyen hang hai

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59

quoc te. Hoa Ky con nhac Philippines la tranh chap nay nam ngoai pham vi
ma Hiep c quan s gia Philippines va Hoa Ky ky ngay 30 thang 8 nam
1951.(25) Hoa Ky khong muon can d sau vao tranh chap nay bi v khong
muon gay ton hai en moi quan he gia ho vi Trung Quoc. Trong hoan
canh o, Philippines a chap thuan ky ket Hiep c tham vieng quan s vi
Hoa Ky vao thang 2 nam 1998(26) e co the nang cao mc o ran e ve sc
manh quan s cua Hoa Ky oi vi Trung Quoc.
Ca Philippines va Viet Nam eu khong the da vao ASEAN nh mot
cho da ve an ninh truyen thong c. To chc nay khong the a ra nhng
ho tr nao oi vi nhng hoat ong quan s tren bien ong. ASEAN khong
co bat ky cac thoa thuan quan s nao cung nh khong co kha nang e xay
dng cac lc lng quan s lien ket, v vay cac thanh vien ASEAN anh
chap nhan oi au vi mot moi e doa thng trc. Tat ca cac thanh vien
ASEAN eu lo ngai ve anh hng ngay cang gia tang cua Trung Quoc,
nhng gia ho vi Trung Quoc co nhieu moi lien he rang buoc lan nhau t
chung toc, kinh te va ca cac quan he oi ngoai. Them na, cac nc ASEAN
cam thay ho khong co li ch g khi oi au ve mat quan s tren bien ong
vi Trung Quoc. Nh vay ASEAN khong co kha nang trien khai cac hoat
ong quan s bi v khong co oi quan thng trc nao cua khoi, cung nh
khong co thanh vien nao san sang lien ket thanh mot lien minh quan s.(27)
4. Y tng ve mot Bo luat ng x tren bien ong
Cho ti trc nam 1995, ASEAN van cha co mot tuyen bo cong khai
nao lien quan en cac thanh vien khac ngoai khoi ve van e bien ong,
nhng ASEAN hy vong Trung Quoc se cung ASEAN chap thuan mot Bo luat
ve ng x tren bien ong, t o co the km che Trung Quoc trong viec s
dung sc manh quan s e giai quyet cac tranh chap bien nay.
Mot cuoc oi thoai a phng ve giai quyet tranh chap bien gia Trung
Quoc va ASEAN c thiet lap lan au tien thong qua mot hoi thao mang ten
Kiem soat xung ot tiem tang bien ong (Managing Potential Conflicts
in the South China Sea). Hoi thao nay c tien hanh tai Indonesia vi s
bao tr tai chnh cua Canada, hoi thao a tap trung vao viec xay dng long
tin gia cac ben trc khi giai quyet tranh chap. Hoi thao a tranh ung
cham en van e chu quyen va tap trung vao viec cung hp tac. Cac cuoc hoi
thao dien ra trong suot thap nien 90 cua the ky XX a luon khuyen khch
thc hien cac cuoc oi thoai a phng e kiem soat cac xung ot cung nh
s dung cac bien phap hoa bnh e giai quyet xung ot. Thang 1 nam 1990,
mot hoi thao nho a dien ra tai Bali e lam tien e cho mot cuoc gap g s
bo gia sau nc thanh vien ASEAN. Hoi thao tiep theo c to chc vao
thang 7 nam 1991 tai Bandung bao gom cac thanh vien ASEAN va ca Trung
Quoc, ai Loan, Viet Nam va Lao. Trong bai dien van khai mac, Ngoai
trng Indonesia Ali Alatas a tuyen bo: Quan iem cua chung toi la tiep

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Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

tuc tm kiem mot khuon kho hp tac chung thay cho cac xung ot tiem tang,
ma trong o tat ca cac ben tham gia eu co li.(28) Tuy vay, hoi thao a ket
thuc vi ket qua khong nh mong i.
Thang 7 nam 1992, cac Ngoai trng cua cac nc ASEAN a cung
nhau ky Tuyen bo bien ong (Declaration on the South China Sea) tai
Manila - thu o Philippines, noi tiep y tng cua Hoi thao Bandung trc
o. Tuyen bo Manila chnh la s the hien thai o mot cach cong khai au
tien cua ASEAN, tuy nhien, tuyen bo nay khong nham vao van e giai
quyet chu quyen ma tap trung vao chnh sach ngoai giao phong nga (selfrestrain), cac bien phap giai quyet cac tranh chap bang phng phap hoa
bnh, khong s dung vu lc. Tat ca cac quy nh nay eu da tren nhng quy
pham va nguyen tac c ban c e cap trong Hiep c than thien va hp
tac ASEAN nam 1976. ay chnh la tien than cua y tng ve mot Bo luat
ng x tren bien ong chu yeu da tren phong nga cac xung ot xay ra hn
la giai quyet cac xung ot. Cho du van con ton tai nhng yeu sach chong lan
khac biet nhau, nhng cac quoc gia thanh vien van cung nhau chia se quan
iem la duy tr s on nh trong khu vc va tranh oi au vi Trung Quoc.
Tuy nhien, thanh cong cua Tuyen bo Manila b giam bt rat nhieu bi
thieu s ung ho t cac quoc gia trc tiep lien quan. Trong khi Viet Nam san
sang ung ho th Trung Quoc kien quyet khong tha nhan Tuyen bo Manila
va khong chap nhan cac nguyen tac trong tuyen bo nay. Bac Kinh luon nhac
rang ho muon cac cuoc gap g song phng hn la mot giai phap a phng
cho cuoc tranh chap bien ong. Con Hoa Ky th khong to ve g la ung ho cho
tuyen bo va luon gi vai tro trung lap, khong e b loi keo vao tranh chap.
Tai Dien an an ninh khu vc ASEAN (ARF) lan th 1 vao thang 7
nam 1994, Ngoai trng Trung Quoc Tien Ky Tham (Qian Qichen) a nhac
lai quyet tam hoa bnh, loai bo bien phap s dung sc manh e giai quyet
tranh chap cua Bac Kinh.(29) Tuy nhien, Trung Quoc lai t choi tranh luan ve
van e chu quyen trong mot dien an a phng. Trung Quoc muon hng
ti viec se ong vai tro chi phoi trong nhng cuoc oi thoai vi cac quoc gia
tham gia tranh chap thong qua nhng cuoc am phan song phng. Trai
qua cac cuoc thoa thuan ay trac tr nh vay, y tng ve Bo luat ng x tren
bien ong ngay cang tien trien. Trc cuoc gap cua Dien an an ninh khu
vc ASEAN lan 2 dien ra vao thang 8 nam 1995, Ngoai trng Trung Quoc
Tien Ky Tham to ra nhng bo oi vi cac thanh vien ASEAN. Ong ta tuyen
bo rang Trung Quoc a chuan b cho mot cuoc gap g a phng ve van e
quan ao Trng Sa thay v to chc cac cuoc oi thoai song phng, va ong
ta cung chap nhan viec da theo Cong c Luat bien nam 1982 e lam c
s cho cac thng lng.(30) Viec nhng bo nay cua Trung Quoc la ket qua
cua viec oan ket gia cac thanh vien ASEAN trc s kien bai Vanh Khan
cung nh cac quan he xau i gia Trung Quoc vi Hoa Ky va Nhat Ban.
Nhng no cung khong lam thay oi muc tieu cua Trung Quoc oi vi bien

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61

ong, ieu nay the hien cho Bac Kinh van luon t choi giai quyet van e
chu quyen lanh tho bien, va lien tuc lap lai cac yeu sach ve lanh tho chiem
gan tron khu vc bien ong.
Trong cuoc gap g thng nh ASEAN vao thang 11 nam 1999,
Philippines, vi s ung ho cua Viet Nam, a trnh bay mot ban d thao
cho Bo luat ng x tren bien ong. ay chnh cac quy nh da tren y
tng ve cac thoa thuan nham kiem soat hoa bnh cac tranh chap thong
qua viec ngan nga cac tnh huong xau. Cu the, no nham vao viec ngan
nga cac hanh ong chiem ong cua cac ben tranh chap va duy tr s hien
dien quan s tren cac ao nho khong co ngi . D thao nay co ve kha thi
hn la Tuyen bo bien ong nam 1992. No co gang bo qua viec khang nh
cac nguyen tac nh la nhng ieu kien tien quyet, va cung cap mot khuon
kho hp tac phat trien chung cho khu vc quan ao Trng Sa. e xuat cua
Philippines a b Trung Quoc va Malaysia phan oi.(31) Malaysia cho en
nhng nam 1990 van con ch trch cac hanh ong cua Trung Quoc Trng
Sa nhng lap trng oi ngoai trong van e bien ong cua ho a dan thay
oi theo nam thang va tr nen gan gui vi quan iem cua Trung Quoc.
Malaysia cung t choi viec giai quyet van e chu quyen, Malaysia dng
nh thch viec thng lng song phng vi Trung Quoc hn la rang buoc
phap ly vao mot bo luat cua khu vc hay la mot dan xep en t ben ngoai.
Trong Hoi ngh thng nh ASEAN nam 1999, v chu toa cua hoi ngh a
noi rang: Cac lanh ao cua cac quoc gia thanh vien cung vi chnh phu cua
ho se gi mot bc cong ham en cac ngoai trng mot ban s thao cua bo
luat, cac y kien ong gop cung se c tiep nhan e cho bo luat nhan c
s ung ho rong rai.(32)
Malaysia a e xuat mot y tng ve giai quyet van e quan ao Trng
Sa tai cuoc gap g cua cac Ngoai trng ASEAN to chc vao thang 7 nam
2002 tai Brunei. Tuy nhien, ay ch la mot van ban khong co tnh rang buoc
phap ly, tham ch con that bai trong viec e cap en ten goi Trng Sa theo
tieng Anh (Spratlys). Theo van ban nay, cac tuyen bo cua cac ben tham gia
c xac nh mot cach map m, trong khi theo tinh than bo luat la cac
tuyen bo phai c cac ben tham gia cong bo cong khai. Hau het cac thanh
vien ASEAN a t choi ung ho e xuat nay cua Malaysia, rieng Philippines
va Viet Nam th muon co mot van ban mang tnh rang buoc phap ly oi vi
cac ben tham gia tranh chap bien ong. Khong u kha nang e quyet nh
van e, cac Ngoai trng a a ra thong cao chung rang quyet nh cua ho
a ra trong van e nay la cac thanh vien cung vi Trung Quoc a ra mot
Tuyen bo ve quy tac ng x tren bien ong.(33)
Cac Ngoai trng cac nc ASEAN va Th trng ngoai giao Trung
Quoc Vng Ngh (Wang Yi) cuoi cung a cung nhau ky ket Tuyen bo chung
ve cac quy tac ng x tren bien ong ben le cuoc gap thng nh ASEAN
dien ra vao thang 11 nam 2002 tai Phnompenh, Campuchia. Tuyen bo nay

62

Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

c a ra vi y nh ngan nga s cang thang cua cac tranh chap bien

va nham giam thieu kha nang xay ra cac xung ot quan s tren vung bien
tranh chap nay. Cac thanh vien cam ket tuan thu cac nguyen tac cua Hien
chng LHQ, Cong c Luat bien, Hiep c than thien va hp tac ASEAN
nam 1976, va nam nguyen tac cung ton tai hoa bnh. Mot lan na cac thanh
vien tham gia nhac lai cam ket ton trong quyen t do hang hai va t do
thc hien cac chuyen bay tren bau tri cua bien ong.(34) Ho a ong y vi
nhau viec giai quyet cac tranh chap bien bang bien phap hoa bnh khong
s dung s e doa hay cac hanh ong vu lc ma thong qua cac cuoc trao oi
than thien va cac cuoc thng lng gia cac quoc gia co chu quyen trc tiep
lien quan, phu hp vi cac nguyen tac c ban cua luat phap quoc te.(35) Cac
thanh vien a trnh trong cam ket thc hien nguyen tac phong nga e co
the dap tat cac tranh chap, gia tang cac no lc nham xay dng long tin va
cac c che oi thoai gia cac ben lien quan.(36)
Nh vay, viec ky ket Tuyen bo chung ve quy tac ng x tren bien ong
gia cac ben lien quan nam 2002 (DOC) la bc au tien cho mot khuon
mau ap dung cho viec giam thieu cac cang thang oi vi nhng tranh chap
lien quan en Trng Sa. Tien trnh ngoai giao a c bat au rat nhanh
sau s kien Trung Quoc o bo len bai Vanh Khan. Tuyen bo DOC cho thay
mong muon cua cac ben lien quan trong tranh chap Trng Sa la s dung
cac bien phap hoa bnh e giai quyet cac bat ong. No a ra canh bao ve
viec s dung vu lc tren bien ong va gi mot tn hieu rang cac ben lien
quan san sang hp tac vi nhau trong viec cung nhau giai quyet van e nay.
No gop phan lam giam thieu cac xung ot gia cac ben lien quan. Tuyen bo
nay xac nhan mot cach dt khoat rang s hien dien cua Trung Quoc bien
ong se khong gay nguy hai cho nen hoa bnh cua khu vc.(37) ieu o cho
thay, mac du vi tnh chat quan trong la cam ket a phng m ng cho
viec hp tac trong khu vc tranh chap, nhng tuyen bo nay khong c coi
la mot bc tien quan trong cho viec kiem soat cac xung ot va cung cap cac
giai phap. No khong giup ngan chan cac va cham hay cac nguy c xung ot
hien hu, nh viec bat gi cac ng dan bi cac lc lng hai quan cua cac
nc khac van luon dien ra, hay nh viec tiep tuc banh trng cac the lc
quan s tren cac ao nho. Hay noi nh Tonesson, tuyen bo nay khong thiet
lap mot c che rang buoc phap ly cac ben tham gia nh mot bo luat, ma no
ch n gian la mot tuyen bo chnh tr.(38)
S that bai cua viec a ra mot bo luat la do tat ca cac ben lien quan.
Trong o, Trung Quoc luon nhac i nhac lai rang chu quyen cua Trung Quoc
tren bien ong la khong the tranh cai. Trung Quoc luon khong muon b rang
buoc oi vi mot bo luat co tnh chat a phng quy nh ve cach ng x tren
bien ong. Hn na, bo luat nay gii han cac van e chu quyen oi vi quan
ao Trng Sa bang cach a vao khuon kho thong qua cac cuoc oi thoai
hn la giai quyet van e chu quyen. Cha ke ti viec lap trng cac ben trong
ASEAN cung khong ong nhat. S oan ket gia cac quoc gia trong khoi

Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

63

ASEAN van con thieu vang, cu the la Malaysia luon a ra mot lap trng
rieng biet, khong tng ong vi lap trng cua Viet Nam va Philippines. Cac
quoc gia tham gia trong tranh chap bien ong la thanh vien cua khoi ASEAN
cha san sang gac lai nhng van e ve chu quyen lanh tho trong tranh chap
e cung nhau i en mot giai phap ma tat ca cac ben cung tham gia hp tac.
Cuoi cung, s hp tac tren bien ong b can tr bi s khong tin tng lan
nhau ngay ca gia cac ben tranh chap la thanh vien ASEAN. Cac bat ong
gia cac thanh vien ASEAN van luon ton tai, v the van kho ma i en viec
xay dng mot Bo luat ve ng x tren bien ong c.(39)
5. Ket luan
Cac tranh chap tren bien ong van con trang thai e mac cho no ton
tai (status quo). Cac bien phap ngoai giao nham muc ch kiem soat cac xung
ot, hay cac giai phap khac a ra cung b gii han rat nhieu. Tuyen bo bien
ong nam 1992 ch gii han c trong pham vi cac thanh vien trong khoi
ASEAN, con Tuyen bo ve cac quy tac ng x tren bien ong nam 2002 da
tren lap trng a phng nham giai quyet xung ot bang nhng phng
phap hoa bnh, tuy vay, trong khi van ch i e giai quyet mot cach trc
tiep cac tranh chap th Tuyen bo nam 2002 van ch gii han nh la mot thoa
thuan chnh tr. Mac du viec s dung vu lc cua Trung Quoc cung nh cac ben
tham gia tranh chap khac nham kiem soat cac ao khong ngi van tiep
tuc dien ra, th tren bien ong en nay van ch co the duy tr cac bien phap
mang tnh chnh tr hn la quan s. Cho en nay Trung Quoc van thanh cong
trong viec chia re va e doa ve mat quan s oi vi cac thanh vien ASEAN.
Trong cuoc hop Hoi ngh thng nh ASEAN tai Huahin (Thai Lan) thang
10 nam 2009, cac quoc gia ASEAN van ong y tiep tuc viec am phan song
phng vi Trung Quoc trong tranh chap bien ong.
Tuy nhien, a co them mot so tia hy vong cho s ra i cua Bo luat
ng x bien ong, ac biet vi s len tieng cua Ngoai trng Hoa Ky ngay
23/7/2010 tai Ha Noi: Hoa Ky ho tr qua trnh cong tac ngoai giao cua tat
ca cac ben tranh chap e giai quyet cac tranh chap lanh tho khac nhau ma
khong can cng che. Chung toi phan oi viec s dung vu lc hoac e doa
s dung vu lc cua bat ky nc tranh chap nao Hoa Ky ung ho Tuyen
bo ve quy tac ng x cua cac ben tren bien ong cua ASEAN - Trung Quoc
nam 2002. Chung toi khuyen khch cac ben tien ti mot s thoa thuan ay
u ve Bo luat ng x. Hoa Ky chuan b tao ieu kien cho cac sang kien va
cac bien phap xay dng long tin phu hp vi tuyen bo.(40)
Trc o t ngay, Indonesia a co cong ham phan oi chnh thc trc
cac yeu sach vo ly cua Trung Quoc tren bien ong.(41)
Co le, vi lap trng tch cc nh vay cua Hoa Ky, co the tao nhng
ong lc ln cho viec hnh thanh Bo luat ng x tren bien ong.

64

Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

Trong thi gian ti, mot cuoc xung ot vu trang ln dan en tnh trang
oi au gia Trung Quoc va ASEAN kho co the xay ra, the nhng nhng va
cham quan s van luon co the xuat hien. Trong tng lai xa hn, cac tranh
chap tren bien ong co the tr thanh moi e doa quan s nghiem trong oi
vi ca Trung Quoc, ASEAN va cac quoc gia khac co lien quan neu cac ben
c tiep tuc chay ua trang b sc manh quan s. Trong boi canh gia dau mo
tren th trng the gii luon tang, ac biet nhng nam gan ay, th tnh
hnh bien ong con co the co nhng dien bien mi het sc phc tap, kho
lng. Tnh hnh bien ong co the tot hn hoac xau hn tuy thuoc vao cac
ieu kien a chnh tr tren the gii va trong khu vc, ac biet se tuy thuoc
rat ln vao moi quan he gia Trung Quoc vi khoi ASEAN. Co nhieu ly do
e chung ta co the lac quan hn khi xem xet lai nhng xung ot cung nh
cac bien phap giai quyet trc ay.
Co le trong tng lai gan, cac quoc gia tham gia trong tranh chap bien
ong van cha the giai quyet c van e chu quyen, von la van e het
sc phc tap va nhay cam khi chu quyen oi vi cac ben la thieng lieng va
het sc quan trong. Tuy nhien, chung ta co the trong ch vao viec cac ben
lien quan co the a ra mot giai phap co tnh chat dung hoa la tat ca cac
ben cung nhau hp tac khai thac va phat trien chung tren nhng vung bien
tranh chap nay.

CHU THCH

HV

(1) Ji Guoxing. Rough Water in the South China Sea: Navigation Issues and Confidence - building
Measure, East-West Center, 2001.
(2) Christopher C. Joyner. Toward a Spratly Resource Development Authority: Procursor
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Moroe, Security Flashpoints: Oil, Islands, Sea Access and Military Confrontation (1997).
(3) Scott Snyder, Brad Glosserman and Ralph A. Cossa. Confidence Building Measures in the
SCS, (2001), No.2, Issue and Insights, at 10.
(4) Bruce and Jean Blanche. Oil and Regional Stability in the South China Sea, Janes Intelligence
Review, No. 1995, at 511 - 514.
(5) Annual report to congress, Military Power of the Peoples Republic of China, 2009, Office of
the Secretary of Defense, Department of Defence, United of States of America, p. 3.
(6) Annual report to congress, Military Power of the Peoples Republic of China, 2009, Office of
the Secretary of Defense, Department of Defence, United of States of America, p. 4.
(7) M. Leifer. Chinese economic reform: The impact on policy in the South China Sea, in G.
Segal and R. H. Yang (eds) Chinese Economic Reform: The impact on Security, London:
Routledge, 1996, p. 142.
(8) James Holmes, Toshi Yoshihara. A Chinese turn to Mahan? In China Brief, http://www.
jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=35172&tx_
ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=414&no_cache=1
(9) Nam 1985, Quan oi Giai phong Nhan dan Trung Quoc e ra chien lc phong thu tren
bien, trong o e cap ti kha nang hoat ong va thong tr ngoai khi trong khu vc hai chuoi
ao: Chuoi ao th nhat c mo ta nh mot ng noi qua cac ao Kurile, Nhat Ban, ao
Ryukyu, ai Loan, Philippines va Indonesia (t Borneo ti Natuna Besar). Chuoi ao th hai
chay theo ng bac-nam t Kuriles qua Nhat Ban, cac ao Bonin, cac ao Mariana, cac

Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

65

ao Caroline va Indonesia. Hai chuoi ao nay ve thanh mot khu vc bien rong khoang 1.800
dam bien tnh t b bien Trung Quoc, bao gom phan ln bien Hoa ong va cac tuyen ng
giao thong bien tai ong A. Xem them: http://www.globalsecurity.org/milita...e-offshore.htm
(10) UNCLOS, ieu ( 3) 121.
(11) Daniel Dzurek. The Spratly Islands Dispute: Whos on first?, International Boundary Reseach
Unit, Maritime Brief, Volume 2, Number 1, p. 12.
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China Sea, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1997, p. 30.
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Truong sa (Spratly) Archipelagoes and International Law, Hanoi, 1988.
(14) Cac thanh vien au tien cua ASEAN bao gom: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thai Lan,
Singapore va nam 1984 co them Brunei.
(15) Greg Austin. Chinas Ocean Frontier: International Law, Military Force, and National
Development, Allen & Unwin, 1998.
(16) Greg Austin, cited.
(17) Daniel Dzurek, cited, p. 22.
(18) Greg Austin, cited.
(19) Ralf Emmers. Maritime disputes in the South China Sea Strategic and diplomatic status quo,
in Maritime Security in Southeast Asia, Routlege Security in Asia Series, 2007, pp. 49-61.
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Thai Lan va Brunei. Viet Nam gia nhap vao ASEAN nam 1995.
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interests, October 2006, http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/, p. 9.
(22) Daniel Dzurek. The Spratly Islands Dispute: Whos on first?, International Boundary Reseach
Unit, Maritime Brief, Volume 2, Number 1, p. 39.
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29, No. 3, Winter 2004/05, p. 64.
(24) Chin Yoon Chin. Potential for conflict in the Spratly islands, Naval Postgraduate School,
Monterey California, 2003, p. 53.
(25) Ralf Emmers. The De-Escalation of the Spratly Dispute in Sino-Southeast Asian Relations, S.
Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Singapore, 6 June 2007, p. 16.
(26) Jing-dong Yuan. China-asean relations: Perspectives, prospects and Implications for u.s.
interests, October 2006, http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/, p. 11.
(27) M. Leifer. ASEAN as a model of a security community, in H. Soesastro (ed) ASEAN in
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International Studies, 1995, p. 141.
(28) Ali Alatas. Address Opening The Second Workshop on Managing Potential Conflicts in the
South China Sea, Bandung, Indonesia, 15 July 1991.
(29) Ralf Emmers. Maritime disputes in the South China Sea Strategic and diplomatic status quo,
in Maritime Security in Southeast Asia, Routlege Security in Asia Series, 2007, pp 49-61,
cited, p. 55.
(30) S. W. Simon. ASEAN Regional Forum, in W. M Carpenter and D. G. Wiencek (eds) ASIAN
Security Hanbook: An Asessment of Political - Security Issues in the Asia - Pacific Region,
New york: Me Sharpe, 1996, p. 47.
(31) Wu Shicun, Ren Huaifeng. More than a Declaration: A Commentary on the Background and
the Significance of the Declaration on the Conduct of the Parties in the South China Sea,
Chinese Journal of International Law, 2003, 311.
(32) Chairmans Press Statement, Third Infomal Summit of the ASEAN Heads of State
Government, Manila, Philippines, 28 November, 1999.
(33) Joint Communique of the 35th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei,
29 - 30 July, 2002.

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Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 4 (81). 2010

(34) Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. Phnompenh, Cambodia, 4
November 2002.
(35) Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. Phnompenh, Cambodia, 4
November 2002.
(36) Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. Phnompenh, Cambodia, 4
November 2002.
(37) Liselotte Odgaard. The South China Sea: ASEANs Security Concerns about China in
Security Dialogue, Vol. 34, No. 1, March 2003, p. 22.
(38) Stein Tonesson. Sino - Vietnamese Rapprochement and the South China Sea Irritant in
Security Dialogue, Vol. 34, No. 1, March 2003, pp. 55-56.
(39) http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2010/07/145095.htm
(40) http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2010/07/145095.htm
(41) http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/mysvnm33_09/idn_2010re_mys_
vnm_e.pdf
TOM TAT
Khu vc bien ong bao gom nhng tuyen ng hang hai nhon nhp bac nhat the gii. ay
cung la mot khu vc giau tai nguyen gom ca nguon hai san va tiem nang dau kh. V vay, bien
ong c xem la khu vc chien lc quan trong oi vi Trung Quoc, mot quoc gia ay tham
vong muon gay anh hng en toan the gii.
Cac tranh chap tren bien ong, do vay a anh hng en mot loat cac quan he song
phng gia cac quoc gia trong khu vc va no cung gay cang thang cho moi quan he gia Trung
Quoc va cac nc thuoc khoi ASEAN.
Cho en nay, dau cac nc ASEAN a co nhieu no lc giai quyet cac van e tranh chap
tren bien ong theo lap trng a phng nham bao am cho s phat trien hoa bnh va on nh
cua khu vc, nhng tren thc te, cac tranh chap nay van con trang thai e mac cho no ton tai.
Cac bien phap ngoai giao nham kiem soat xung ot, hay cac giai phap khac a ra cung b gii
han rat nhieu. Trong tng lai, cac tranh chap tren bien ong co the tr thanh moi e doa quan
s quan trong oi vi ca Trung Quoc, ASEAN va cac quoc gia khac co lien quan, neu cac ben c
tiep tuc chay ua trang b sc manh quan s.
Ro rang, tnh hnh bien ong tot hn hoac xau i tuy thuoc vao cac ieu kien a chnh tr
tren the gii va trong khu vc, ac biet se tuy thuoc rat ln vao moi quan he gia Trung Quoc vi
khoi ASEAN.
ABSTRACT
ASEAN WITH POSSIBILITY TO SOLVE EAST SEA CRISES
The East Sea covers the busiest navigation routes in the world. This area is also believed
to boast rich natural resources, especially great potentials of oil. This is the reason why it is
regarded as an important strategic region by China, a country with great ambition to make its
influence felt all over the world.
The conflicts in the East Sea, therefore, have caused impacts on the various bilateral
relations between the countries in the region. It also causes tension in the relations between
China and the members of ASEAN.
Up to the present, even though ASEAN has made a lot of efforts to reach multilateral
solutions for the conflicts in the East Sea so as to ensure stable and peaceful development for the
region, those conflicts are still left untouched in its status quo. All the diplomatic measures for
the control of the conflicts or other measures meet with great limitation. In the future, the conflicts
in the East Sea may become military threats to all, China, ASEAN, and all other countries involved
if all the relevant nations go on with the present arms race.
It is clear that the situation in the East Sea may worsen or improve depending upon the
geo-political conditions of the world and the region. Especially a lot will be dependent on the
relations between China and ASEAN.