BREAST CANCER

Created by: Samantha

Damm and Alisha Trice

ACCORDING TO THE
AMERICAN CANCER
SOCIETY
About 231,840 new cases of
invasive breast cancer per year.
About 40,290 deaths from
breast cancer

WHY DID WE CHOOSE THIS?

I have a personal
connection with breast
cancer; my mother
unfortunately passed
away from breast
cancer.

My Grandma died from

ovarian cancer last month

I am a pre-nursing student
I was really interested
in learning about cancer
in my UCOL Biology
class.

WHAT IS
CANCER?

CANCER ON A CELLULAR LEVEL

Fig. 1 (Kane)

To understand cancer, you have to understand

how tissues form together. There are multiple
layers of tissue that form a single organ. The top
most layer is called the epithelium. Then follows
the basement membrane and, endothelium.
The open space around the epithelium is called
the lumen. Cancerous tissue grow to fill the
lumen and full blown cancer will interrupt the
basement membrane. (Kane)

Cells work as a team

Cancer forms when a series of
mutations occur in a single cell.
The cell becomes less sensitive to
its environment and stops working
with the other cells
Cancerous cell begins to rapidly
go through mitosis.
Cancerous cells begin to influence
surrounding cells, making them.
A tumor forms
Tumors act as its own unit:
Recruit other cells to
become cancerous.
Construct blood vessels to
receive more nutrients
(Kane)

Stages of
CANCER ON A CELLULAR LEVEL CONTINUED
cancer
Stage 0- situ cancer
(aka anaplasia)

Its a chain reaction:

Stage 1- localized
cancer
(basement membrane has
broken)

Stage 2- regional spread

(recruiting blood vessels)

Stage 3- regional spread

(entered through blood stream,
transform normal cells into
cancerous ones)

Fig.2
(Kane)

Stage 4- metastatic
(Kane) (What
)
cancer
(full blown cancer, can create its
own blood vessels and tumors

IMPORTANT ANATOMY OF THE

BREAST
Milk Ducts- Where milk is secreted from the breast
Lymph Nodes- Bean shaped collections of immune
system cells that are connected by lymphatic
vessels
Lobules-Produce milk for breast feeding
Tissue- fatty tissue and fibrous connective tissue
that give the breast its size and shape
Areola- a small ring of pigmented skin surrounding a
nipple

WHERE DOES BREAST

CANCER FORM?
Lobules-When it breaks out of the lobules, it's
considered invasive lobular carcinoma.
Breast Tissue-Breast cancer can begin in the
connective tissue that's made up of muscles, fat
and blood vessels.

Where Does Breast Cancer Typically Form?

Lobules; 10%
Breast Tissue; 20%

Milk Ducts- Invasive ductal carcinoma starts in a

milk duct of the breast then it breaks through the
wall of the duct, and grows into the fatty tissue of
the breast.

Milk Ducts; 70%

Breast Tissue Milk Ducts

Lobules

TREATMENT
Adjuvant therapy is
used after surgery.
Its purpose is to
eliminate all traces
of cancer after the
surgeon has
removed all the
tumor
(Chemotherapy).

Neo-adjuvant therapy
is used before surgery,
usually when the tumor
is locally advanced
(Chemotherapy).

Both adjuvant
and neo
adjuvant therapy
uses a combination
of: chemo,
radiation, hormone
and, target therapy.
You would need
(Chemotherapy).
radiation after surgery
if: The tumor is larger
than 5cm, all the tissue
has not been removed
from the mastectomy,
there are some
cancerous cells in one
or more lymph node, or
the cancer is in more
than one location.

MASTECTOMY
Types of
Mastectomies:

Partial
The removal od cancerous
Simple/Total
tissue only.
Complete removal of the breast
Subcutaneous nipple
and surrounding tissue.
spearing
Modified Radical
Removal of all breast
Complete removal of the breast
(Mastectomy)
tissue,
save
the
nipples
accompanied with the removal of
some lymph nodes
Radical
Complete removal of the breast
accompanied with complete
removal of all lymph nodes and
pectoral muscles.

RADIATION
A.K.A. Radiotherapy
Direct Method kill off cancerous cells that might have been left
over from surgery or it can be used before surgery to shrink tumors
that are too large for surgery.
High Powered X-Rays that is directed in a specific part of the body.
Radiation is typically used after a lumpectomy but can be used
after a mastectomy if the cancer is really aggressive.
(Read More)

HORMONE THERAPY
Hormone therapy is another form of systemic therapy. It is most
often used as an adjuvant therapy to help reduce the risk of the
cancer coming back aftersurgery, but it can be used as
neoadjuvant treatment, as well. It is also used to treat cancer that
has come back after treatment or has spread.
~American Cancer Society (Hormone)

TARGET THERAPY
Targeted cancer therapies are drugs or other substances that
block the growth and spread of cancer by interfering with specific
molecules.
~ National Caner institute (Targeted Cancer)

RECONSTRUCTION- IMPLANTS
Silicone-Implants have a silicone shell filled with either silicone gel or saline
Immediate Reconstruction- When a breast is rebuilt or reconstructed during
the same operation that removes the breast.

2-stage reconstruction:
If patient is under treatment still
Need time to stretch skin
Caution!
MRI
Breast Feeding
Rupturing
Replacement

RECONSTRUCTIONFLAP PROCEDURE

TISSUE

Uses tissue from your stomach, back, thighs, or buttocks to rebuild

the breast shape
Beware:
Leaves two scares
Longer recovery time
Muscle weakness and tissue
Uneven breasts

PROSTHETICS
Foam or Poly Fill- Most people who
buy poly fill or foam prostheses
buy it because it is a practical
option. They can be worn at the
beach and in pools
Silicone- Women who choose
silicone prostheses typically are
looking for a more natural look and
feel.
*Most Prosthesis cost between $100$500

MAMMOGRAM
Mammograms are the most efficient screening method to detect early
cancer

HOME SCREENING
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?t=13&
v=VsyE2rCW71o

ANGELINA JOLIES STORY

Angelina Jolie had a
preventive double
mastectomy done about two
years ago. She did that
because she had a 87%
chance of getting breast
cancer. Her mother,
grandmother and aunt
unfortunately passed away
with various cancer (breast
cancer and ovarian cancer).
She believes women should
take preventive methods
such as this to prevent the
development of cancer. Most
recently she has gotten a
laparoscopic bilateral
salpingo-oophorectomy ( she
got her ovaries and fallopian
tubes removed) because she
wanted to eliminate the
chance of developing
ovarian cancer as her aunt
did. (Pitt)

I completely disagree with

Angelina Jolies choices. Its her
body and she can do whatever
she wants with it but every
woman does not have the
funds to do what she did. A
genomic analysis is very
expensive and all the surgery
she did to prevent cancer is
expensive as well. I believe
Angelina Jolie is a
hypochondriac (she has good
reason to be) who cuts out
perfectly normal parts out of
her body even though her
doctors say shes fine and then
tries to justify it by saying she
did it to prevent cancer. It
might but it would be very
ironic if she gets cancer on
someplace else. I just dont like
the idea she's planting in
peoples heads to get rid of
perfectly good body parts to
prevent something that you
dont have. Women are going
to go around cutting out
valuable organs (which might
cause other complications in
the future) because they
MIGHT get cancer.

CANCER DEMOGRAPHICS

Fig.1
(Breast)

Question:
Why do you think the
baseline for incident rates is
higher in some ethnicities
than other? Why is the
mortality rate higher in
some races?

Fig.2
(Breast)

AWARENESS

There are plenty of organizations that support women with breast cancer:

REFLECTION
We learned a lot about cancer during our research phase of the
project. It is very important to get a mammogram every year and,
twice a year after you turn fifty.

WORKS CITED
"Breast Cancer Rates by Race and Ethnicity." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for
Disease
Control and Prevention, 27 Aug. 2014. Web. 28 July 2015.
"Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer." Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer. N.p, N.d. Web. 22 July\ 2015.
"Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer." Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 July
2015.
"Facebook Is Officially OK With (Some) Mastectomy Photos | TIME.com."NewsFeed Facebook Is
Officially OK With Some Mastectomy Photos Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 July 2015.
Kane, Eric. Lecture. Cancer. CHHS. N.p. 07 Jul 2015. UNCC. 22 Jul 2015.
"Mastectomy." Breastcancer.org. Web. 22 July 2015

WORKS CITED CONTINUED

Pitt, Angelina Jolie. "Angelina Jolie Pitt: Diary of a Surgery." The New York Times. The
New York
"Read More about Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy at Susan G.
Komen."Breast Cancer
Radiation Therapy. N.p., n.d. Web. 28
July 2015.
Times, 24 Mar. 2015. Web. 23 July 2015.
"What Are the Different Stages of Cancer."News RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 28
July 2015.