Brown v.

Board of Education

1954 Separate but equal schools were argued as unequal by the U.S.
Supreme Court
African American children from five states (Kansas, South Carolina,
Virginia, and Delaware) sued for equal public school facilities
Supreme Court banned de jure segregation but neglected to provide the
necessary guidance to implement solutions which lead to Brown v. Brown
II

Jones v. Clear Creek Independent School District

Religion in School
Creates a way to include prayer in graduation ceremonies with conflict
School played no role and had no influence over the prayer
Allowed student initiated prayer

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District

In protest of the Vietnam War in 1969 students war black arm bands to
school
School responded be telling students the arm bands had to be removed or
the students would be suspended
Supreme Court ruled in favor of the students in protection of their free
speech as long as it did not interfere with the learning environment

Thompson v. Carthage School District

Bus driver noticed cuts on the seat of the school bus and reported to the
principal, another source reported drugs in the school
Male 6th grade students were searched with metal detectors, if it sounded
students were patted down
One student had cocaine in his possession
District court ruled for the student
Court of appeals reversed the decision based on reasonable suspicion and
inferences

The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth

District court ruled children with mental retardation entitled to free public
education and be in regular classrooms
The Court stated: Free public program of education and training
appropriate to the childs capacity, within the context of a presumption
that, among the alternative program of education and training required by
statues to be available placement in a regular public school class is
preferable to placement in a special public school class. Placement in a
special public school class is preferable to placement in any other type of
program of education training. The Pennsylvania Association for Retarded
Children v. Commonwealth 334 F. Supp. 1257 (E.D. Pa. 1971), 343 F. Supp.
279 (E.D. Pa. 1972).

Mills v. Board of Education

Challenged the exclusion of children with disabilities from classrooms

Court ruled no child can be removed from normal classroom activities
without alternatives being provided
If it is decided that a child should be removed then a process is required to
do this.

Pickering v. Board of Education

Outside of school teachers are allowed First Amendment rights, although

teachers should inform others they are speaking as a private citizen not
an employee
Pickering, a district employee, wrote a letter to the local newspaper
criticizing the school administration
Pickering was dismissed
U.S. Supreme Court reversed the Illinois State Supreme Courts decision
and held for Pickering. High court concluded, To the extent that the
Illinois Supreme Courts opinion may be read to suggest that teachers
may constitutionally be compelled to relinquish the First Amendment
rights they would otherwise enjoy as citizens to comment on matters of
public interest in connection with the operation of public schools in which
they work, it proceeds on a premise that has been unequivocally rejected
in numerous prior decisions of this court.

Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools

Courts unanimously held that when a teacher has allegedly made sexual
advances verbally or physically towards a student
Damages are available to the student under Title IX
Damages may be levied against the district as well as its administration

Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California

Student told a psycologist that he was going to kill Tatiana Tarasoff and
then did
Student records are the sole possession of the counselor and are not
subject to FERPA
If a student confides that they want to hurt themselves, someone else, or
someone is hurting them it must be reported
Duty to warn

Hosemann v. Oakland Unified School District

Affirmative duty to alleviate crime and violence on school campuses

Two students, a theft, and assault
First ruling that granted students and staff the inalienable right to
attend campuses that are safe, secure, and crime free