Lar623 2014s Openspaceplan Groupc Hernandezhysonvasquezyang

OPEN SPACE PLAN
AN ANALYSIS OF CURRENT OPEN

SPACE IN TUCSON
Group C - Hernandez, Hyson, Vasquez, Yang
LAR 623 | SPR 2014 | S. KILBANE
INTRODUCTION
http://petrotimes.vn/news/vn/anh-clips/ve-dep-the-gioi-nhin-tu-tren-ca o.html
ucson remains a place where people from all areas of

the nation come to experience the beautiful warm winter
climate, distinct biodiversity, mountain vistas, sunsets, and

the striking desert aesthetic. Hiking, biking, rock climbing,
bird watching, and year round flip flops are only a few of
the activities that bring people to this little oasis in the desert.
With its very distinct physical environment and landscape
Tucson must continue to embrace its unique place in
the southwest. The opportunity to provide Tucson with
spaces where active engagement with both the natural
environment and the local Tucson community is apparent.
As Tucson continues to grow it must begin to examine how it supports its
distinct biodiversity and people. One way to increase overall quality of life
and also maintain biodiversity is through an extensive green network that
links both people and wildlife. Access to open green space is known to
have a positive impact on the well-being of a community and its residence.
LAR 623 | OPEN SPACE PLAN | SPR 2014 | GROUP C - HERNANDEZ, HYSON, VASQUEZ, YANG | S. KILBANE | PAGE 2
CONTENT
Defining Open Space

What is open space?
Why is open space important?
Public Health
Functional
Ecology
Economics
Types of Open Space

Parks
Plaza
Ecological Parks
Networks
Underutilized
Guiding Principles
& Objectives
Case Review
Front Yard - Washington, DC
Tucson Open Space

Solutions
WHAT IS OPEN SPACE...?
Open space is an important
of life, health and wellness, while
element in the constructs of any
protecting natural resources
urban city. For the purposes of
that
this project, we have defined
biodiversity. The critical nature
opens space as: any lands
of open space to the well-
protected by law prohibiting
being
development,
to
todays communities allows for
aid in the preservation of an
open space to take on multiple
areas natural character, for
forms. This may include, spaces
the sake of recreation, ecology,
for
environment, public health, and
multifunctional spaces, parks,
agriculture. These spaces are
trails, plazas and washes just to
known to increase overall quality
name a few.
that
seek
support
and
public
and
maintain
sustainability
of
engagement,
WHY IS OPEN SPACE IMPORTANT...?

PUBLIC HEALTH
Urban green-spaces are now

widely
recognized
as
major
contributors both to the quality of the
environment, and to human health
and well-being in inner city and
suburban areas (Morris, 2003).
People fall into a sedentary lifestyle
where human interaction diminishes
and the opportunity for outdoor
physical activity is almost impossible.
Nearly half of Americans get less
than the recommended minimum
amount of physical activitymore
FUNCTION
than one-third engages in no leisuretime physical activity at all. In the

movement to improve the health and
wellness of adults and children across
the country, parks have a critical role to
play (The Trust for Public Land, 2014).
Open spaces within our cities have
the peculiarity of bringing health
benefits for the inhabitants. People feel
attracted to open spaces because
it allows them to experience a
connection with nature and enjoy the
possible amenities that can be linked
to it. Interaction, diversity, mental
health, and physical activity are few
of the assets associated to a well
designed open space.
Regardless of income
level open space
provides public
recreation opportunities
that are both accessible
and of low cost to the
city as a whole. Often,
many issues of childhood
illnesses and obesity are
linked to fewer acres
of open space. Open
space can help areas of
high levels of density, poverty, youth and seniors overcome issues of social
equity. Particularly, when examining Tucsons current urban heat island
issues, due in large to masses of unshaded impermeable surfaces, we must
begin to look at the benefits of open space and urban tree canopy that
have a multitude of benefits.
ECOLOGY
Ecology is the interaction and relationship between living
and non-living organisms in the physical environment.
Ecology can benefit open space by preserving natural
elements such as native plants, habitat, wetland, riparian
areas, hydrology and patch/corridor connectivity .By
maintaining biodiversity ecology will aid in creating a
multi -functional open space design.
ECONOMY
Open spaces such as parks and
recreation areas can have a positive
effect on nearby residential property
values, and can lead to proportionately
higher property tax revenues for local
governments.
The
level
of
economic
impact
recreational areas have on home prices
depends on how far the home is located
from a park, the size of the recreational
area and the characteristics of the
surrounding neighborhood.
TYPES OF OPEN SPACE

PARKS
NATIONAL PARKS
Definition: Nature parks are lands set

aside primarily for the preservation of
significant natural
resources, remnant landscapes, open
space, visual aesthetics and buffering,
or for wildlife
protection.
Location and Access: Location is
resource based. Development should
be kept to a level that preserves the
integrity of the resource.
Appropriate Uses: Passive activities
and facilities that minimize disturbance
on the natural setting, such as: nature
center, areas of nature interpretation,
wildlife viewing.
NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS
Size: 5 to 20 acres
Population Served: 3,000 to
10,000
Definition: The neighborhood
park is the basic unit of the park
system and should be within
walking distance of the
neighborhood homes. Serving
as the recreational focus of the
neighborhood, the park should
achieve a balance between
informal active and passive park
uses.
PLAY GROUNDS
Size: less than 5 acres
Population Served: 500-3,000
Definition: Mini parks are small pieces of parkland
meant to serve a residential or business area within a
one-quarter mile radius. Due to their limited service
potential and maintenance inefficiencies their
acquisition and development should be limited.
Location and Access: One potential area of
importance for the development of mini-parks is to
create pockets of park development along trails and
greenbelt corridors. In general, these parks serve a
passive need and normally do not require vehicular
parking.
Appropriate Use: Passive recreation.
POCKET PARKS
Size: less than 5 acres
Population Served: 5003,000
Definition: Mini parks are small pieces
of parkland meant to serve a residential
or business area within a onequarter
mile radius. Due to their limited service
potential and maintenance
inefficiencies their acquisition and
development should be limited.
Location and Access: One potential
area of importance for the development
of miniparks is to
create pockets of park development
along trails and greenbelt corridors. In
general, these parks serve a passive
need and normally do not require
vehicular parking.
Appropriate Use: Passive recreation.
PLAZAS
ST. PETERS SQAURE
This is one of the most popular plazas

in the world because it leads into the
Vatican. It is located in the Vatican
City, a territory within Rome, Italy.
The massive plaza was designed
by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in 1656. Its
construction took 10 years average.
It was designed so that a great
number of people could receive
the Popes blessing. Some of the
architectural elements that compose
this public space are the Colonnades
surrounding the Egyptian obelisk that
was placed strategically in the center
of the plaza.
PETAR ZORANI
SQUARE AND IME
BUDINI PLAZA
Located in a historical centre of

Zadar, Croatia. It is a 2900 sqm plaza
that was redesigned in 2013. The
plaza is surrounded by significant
buildings because of their history
and architecture value. During its
construction important archaeological
elements were found in the site.
The architects in charge of the
intervention project justify the actual
design as an essential, a barely visible
gesture, a sort of cleansing highlighting
the immanent yet hidden value, while
at the same time engendering a new
potential, new interpretations and new
identities (Archdaily, 2014). The plaza
resembles an open air museum where
tourist and inhabitants of the city can
contemplate the relics of the site.
ECOLOGY
CORRIDORS
Corridors
are
generally
linear landscape elements
that are defined on the basis
of structure and function.
Corridors are sometimes
isolated narrow strips which
are usually attached to a
patch of similar vegetation
type.
PATCHES
Patches are
relatively discrete
areas in shape,
spatial expanse
and period areas
of relatively
homogeneous
environmental
conditions. In
the landscape
perspective, patches create patterns in which smaller elements are
composed of habitat, agriculture fields, forest stands, highways just to name
a few.
NETWORKS
TRAILS
A trail (also track, byway, footpath, etc.) is a path with

a rough beaten or dirt/stone surface used for travel.
Trails may be for use only by walkers, but some are
also be used for cycling, horse riding, snow shoeing, or
cross-country skiing, and less often for moving cattle
and other livestock. In some places trails are the main
access route to remote settlements.
SIDEWALKS
Sidewalks are one of the most important elements to
establish an open space network. When a city is lack of
sidewalks, people is not going to walk from place A to
place B even when the distances are shorter. Tucsonans
say that they would be willing to walk more if there
were more shaded sidewalks. This plan encourages
the increase of canopy in our neighborhoods and the
major roadways.
BIKE BATHS
It comes in various forms and names such as (but not

limited to): bicycle boulevard, bicycle trail, foreshoreway,
greenway or sharrow.
GREENWAYS
Definition: Greenspaces are small
parcels of preserved open space
including street medians and
streetscapes that increase the
perception.
Location and Access: The location of
the greenspace would be opportunity
based with access from interconnecting
trails, sidewalks, or low-volume
residential streets.
Appropriate Uses: If passive recreation
facilities exist, appropriate
UNDERUSED
PARKING LOTS
Tucson has a great number of parking lots.
Sadly this means that the impervious surface
in the region area is significant. Impervious
surfaces represent a threat to our environment,
especially to our water resources. Impervious
surfaces increase water runoff. We must
reduce the number of parking lots in our metro
area. This open space plan envisions parking
lots as vegetated areas, shaded areas where
people can take advantage of a micro
climate setting. The benefits of transforming
parking lots into one of the many types of
open spaces could reduce negative impacts
to our environment, like climate change and
water quality.
VACANT LAND
VACANT LAND a parcel lot on

which there are no permanent
buildings , or houses that are on
lots but are in disrepair from fire,
abandonment or forclosure.
GOLF COURSES
GOLF COURSES a large open
space design specifically for
golfing, may include water
feature , trails for the golf carts,
structures (club house) .
GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR

OPEN SPACE
Currently Tucsons existing open space is 50% lower than the national average.
With 12.2 acres per capita, Tucson trails behind with 6.2 acres per capita.
Although we have an abundance of beautiful national parks and state parks,
literally in our backyard, Tucson has a major surplus of vacant and underutilized
land. The purpose of this open space plan is to develop a network of greenways,
trails, and washes that connect Tucsonans to existing nodes of park space and
future park nodes created from the vacant lots. (kaboom.org/bestpractices)
1. INTEGRATED & MULTIFUNCTIONAL
Currently Tucsons existing open space is 50% lower than the national
average. With 12.2 acres per capita, Tucson trails behind with 6.2 acres per
capita. Although we have an abundance of beautiful national parks and
state parks, literally in our backyard, Tucson has a major surplus of vacant
and underutilized land. The purpose of this open space plan is to develop a
network of greenways, trails, and washes that connect Tucsonans to existing
nodes of park space and future park nodes created from the vacant lots.
(kaboom.org/bestpractices)
2. SENSE OF PLACE
Tucson has a rich ecological and cultural diversity.

Open spaces should aim to build on the cities
intrinsic qualities, both natural and cultural, and
reflect the values we place on cultural diversity
and biodiversity. Furthermore, they should create
a network that inspires a deep connection to
place.
3. EQUITY & ACCESSIBILITY
An open space should be accessible to everyone,

regardless their income, ethnicity, or physical
conditions. The location of it should strategically
provide equal access to all the residents of the
city, as well as for tourists.
4. CONNECTIVITY
A well designed open space means that fits into

an area where there are non-motorized and
motorized networks. All become the linkage
within a network of neighborhoods. However, it is
primordially important that the street grid network
has high quality sidewalks and paths.
5. HEALTH & SAFETY
Access to open spaces encourages physical

activity; enhances physical and mental health
and safety; helps reduce the risk of developing
chronic diseases; assists in recovery from mental
fatigue; and enhances childrens development
and well-being.
6. ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION & INTEGRITY
Ecological Function and integrity are the main

factors of an ecosystem incorporating the natural
environment and the human scale. Over the past
few years environmental sustainability has become
an influential category in design. Several ways to
incorporate sustainability into the city is by imitating
natural systems, preserving and expanding them
with several elements of local biodiversity into
open spaces. In order to pursue these ideals,
sustainability design principals such as construction,
renovation, maintenance and management should
be assimilated. Watershed management is another
important implementation to support environmental,
ecological and conservation strategies in design.
7. SUSTAINING STEWARDSHIP
It is important to maintain the community abreast of

any type of landscape planning effort. It is especially
important when the project is maintaining and
conserving natural resources for the community
itself. Such is the case when creating open space
plans. In addition, partnerships will need to be
formed in order to create the best outcome possible.
OBJECTIVES FOR OPEN SPACE

Ensure a well maintained, highley utilized and
integrated open space
Encourage the dynamic and flexible use of existing open spaces and
promote a variety of open space uses, where appropriate.
Prioritize renovation in highly-utilized open spaces and in high needs
areas.
Preserve existing open space by restricting its conversion to other uses
and limiting encroachment from other uses, assuring no loss of quantity or
quality of open space.
Maintain and repair open spaces to modern maintenance standards.
Support public art as an essential component of open space design.

Support urban agriculture and local food security through
development of policies and programs that encourage food production
throughout Tucson.
Increase open space to meet the long term goals

of city
Prioritize acquisition of open space in high needs areas.

Provide and promote a balanced recreation system which offers a variety
of high quality recreational opportunities for all.
Provide recreational programs that are responsive to community needs
and changing demographics.
Support the development of signature public open.
Support the development of civic-serving open spaces.
Expand partnerships with open space agencies, transit agencies, private
sector and nonprofit institutions to acquire, develop and/or manage
existing open spaces.
Consider repurposing underutilized City-owned properties as open space.
Protect & enhance the biodiversity & ecological

integrity of open space
Local biodiversity protect, preserve and restore ecological communities such as freshwater, wetland, riparian
area, grasslands and landscaped design. The purpose of this project is to restore and enhance the remainder of
the existing natural areas of the site, as well as developing an integral plan for the community. When open space
and parks are being revitalized, the developers have to come up with a new vacant space which is categorized
as environmentally sustainable. Therefore, new building and recreational features should protect and restore local
biodiversity. Depending on the open space, suitable criteria should be applied in the sensitivity of habitat (wildlife),
proposed function of the space, and the new addition of the renovated space. Some of the requirements that have
to be applied to the new addition and renovated space includes:
Water conservation, recycling/ reuse and storm water mitigation.
Soil conservation - being able to use local soil by a balanced cut and fill system in order to minimize the cost
of transporting soil into or away from the site.
Energy production and efficiency -new or revitalized open space can be used as energy efficient source
(solar panels).
Native and drought tolerant plant. Planting native species to natural areas.
Lighting. - Recreational lighting should be environmentally efficient to provide safety and security to the park
users and protect wildlife in natural areas.
Habitat and wildlife. Design spaces that provide habitat for local and migrating wildlife.
Construction and siting- using local materials, services and supplies.
engage community in th stewardship of their open

space
Owners steward the open space they own to enhance their ecological value and make them an asset to the local
community. Open space stewardship programs educate and inspire people about the importance of public
lands ; they provide a social hub where people from all walks of life share their experiences. Above all, they bring
people together to serve their community and care for their park.
Improve access & connectivity to open space

Maintenance of existing open spaces.

Improve roadway infrastructure while adding trees and improving the conditions of the sidewalks.
Traffic calming techniques are an important part of the strategy.
Transform wide street into linear parks.
New open space should be designed under human scale standards.
Empower events like Cyclovia and others promoted by Living Street Alliance.
Promote recreation activities such as hiking and biking. Tucson is fortunate to have a great number of trails in
the surrounding areas.
Encourage the use of bikes and pedestrian access while restricting trough policies all new development that
is not coordination with this plan
CASE REVIEW
FRONT YARD
WASHINGTON, DC
Owner: District of
Columbia
Designer|Architect:
M. Paul Friedberg &
Partners
Rick Parisi, Managing
Principal
Size: 5.7 acres
Located near a Metrorail station along

1.5 miles (2.4 km) of Anacostia River
frontage close to the U.S. Capitol, the
space is the result of a pioneering
public/private partnership among the
U.S. General Services Administration
(GSA), the District of Columbia, and
Forest City Washington. Yards Park is
the centerpiece of The Yards, Forest
City Washingtons 42-acre (17 ha)
riverfront redevelopment of the Navy
Yard Annex as a mixed-use area with
2,800 rental apartments, offices, shops,
and restaurants. From 1799 to 2010, the
site was part of the Navy Yard annex,
then became abandoned land with
no public access. Forest City worked
The Yards Park highlights a

regeneration effort that brings local
communities and visitors to the
Anacostia River while providing a
transformative and vibrant public
space that generates social,
economic, and ecological value
under an innovative public/private
funding model. The Yards Park is
part of the 500-acre (200 ha) Capitol
Riverfront neighborhood. The new
mixed-use community leverages $2
billion of private investment for $1
billion in public investment in order
to develop one of the greenest and
most active neighborhoods in the
United States.
TUCSON OPEN SPACE

EXISTING
WHERE ARE WE...?

The
following
map
shows
the
boundaries of Arizona, Pima County,
and the major cities in Arizona. This
map is to give an overarching context
of the location of the study area.
Arizona, located in the southwest of
the United States, is an arid region but
considered one of the wettest desert,
with the most biodiversity of any
other ecosystem. Preservation of this
extensive biodiversity is a key element
in the following open space plan.
THE BUFFER
A 5 mile buffer was clipped around
the Tucson city limits. This was to
insure that some of the existing links
to other cities such as Marana and
Sahuarita are considered in this
plan. The following image shows
Tucson, the southern tip of Marana
and the northern tip of Sahuarita,
all of which are located in Pima
County.
Legend
cities_buff_clip
2.5
7.5
Miles
10
tucson_buff
CIRCULATION
The following maps illustrate the current
circulation of vehicles, people and water
throughout Tucson. Tucson boast and extensive
network of streets, bike paths, trails and washes.
The system functions very much in a gridded
fashion, with the trail, wash and bike systems
running in some cases diagonally. These
paths usually follow the existing topography
and natural systems. There is a great level of
connectivity around the city. However, the
streets of Tucson are large extensive paved
surface that lack street trees, the bike paths
simply run along these major roads and place
bikers in extreme circumstances both in regards
to the weather and safety.
STREETS
Legend
st_maj
2.5
7.5
Miles
10
tucson_buff
BIKE ROUTES
Legend
bike_rte
2.5
7.5
Miles
10
tucson_buff
BUS ROUTES
Legend
busstops
st_maj
2.5
7.5
Miles
10
tucson_buff
TRAILS
Legend
trails_buff_clip
2.5
7.5
Miles
10
tucson_buff
WASHES
Legend
wash_buff_clip
2.5
7.5
Miles
10
tucson_buff
PARKS & HABITAT
The following maps show the existing parks

system and wildlife habitat areas in Tucson. The
maps indicates county, federal, municipal, and
state parks. As made visible by the map, there
is a scarcity of parks and habitat throughout the
Tucson region. The following open space plan
seeks to create greater connectivity among
these spaces.
PARKS
Legend
park_rec_buff_clip
PARK_TYPE
COUNTY
FEDERAL
MUNICIPAL
2.5
7.5
Miles
10
STATE
HABITAT
Legend
2.5
7.5
Miles
10
habitat_buff_clip
POTENTIAL
Vacant lots are the most underutilized
areas of open space. Consisting of
parcels on which there are no permanent
structures, vacant lots can be repurposed
into functional spaces for public
engagement.
VACANT LAND
Legend
2.5
7.5
vac_land_dissolve
Miles
10
IN SEARCH OF A SOLUTION
SUITABILITY
MODEL
After examining the existing

geospatial data it became
evident that Tucson is in
desperate need of a more
extensive network. Connecting
the existing trails, bikes, washes
and roadways to the existing
park spaces and implementing
new parks based on the vacant
lots will help to transform the
current system into one that
is even more connect and
integrated.
The idea is to develop a

suitability model that will
determine which lands would be
the best fit for future open space
development. We developed
a list of suitability parameters
based on the created guidelines,
principles
and
objectives.
Utilizing the existing trail, wash
and bike systems, as the base
for the network, we began by
identifying adjacent vacant
lands. The use of the existing
trails, washes, and bike routes
as the base for the network was
decided because the existing
circulatory systems are already
well connected. These vacant
lands, adjacent to existing trails
would function as potential
open space respites along the
network paths.
Proximity to bus stops

and schools were also
considered in the suitability
model. Creating a system
that is well connected
and accessible remains
priority.
The
creation
of this green network
will not only increase
resident connectivity and
accessibility to open space
but will also create greater
ecological connectivity for
existing wildlife.
PROCEDURE
Step 1 Feature class selection

Trails

Bike Routes

Washes

Habitat

Bus Stops

Schools

Parks

Vacant Lands

Schools
Step 2 Clipping each feature class to the 5 mile buffer
Step 3 Run Euclidean distance tool on each of the specified feature
classes

Calculates, for each cell, the Euclidean distance to the closest
source
Step 4 Reclassify Euclidean distance ran for each feature class
The reclassification of the Euclidean distance examined areas within .25
mile, .5 mile, 1mile and 2 mile radius from the specified feature class. These
distances were chosen based on walkability and bike-ability statistics.
Step 5 Run Weighted Sum

This gives all of the input feature classes a specific weight based
on the level of importance of each feature class defined by the scope of
the project.
MODEL
The following suitability model was developed. After analyzing the created model, the next step
in this process was to ground truth. Specific areas were selected to examine at a closer scale,
in an effort to understand specific design decision that may or may not be made based on the
suitability model.
Legend
suitability
<VALUE>
50 - 70
70 - 90
90 - 105
105 - 125
125 - 140
140 - 150
150 - 170
170- 180
180 - 195
195 - 215
215 - 250
2.5
7.5
Miles
10
tucson_buff
The two specific areas chosen from the suitability model were based on large nodes of were
suitable areas were identified and larger network extensions where suitability was identified. These
two areas included downtown Tucson and the Rillito River.
GROUND TRUTH & DESIGN INTERVENTION
Legend
suitability
<VALUE>
suitability
<VALUE>
50 - 70
50 - 70
70 - 90
70 - 90
90 - 105
90 - 105
105 - 125
105 - 125
125 - 140
125 - 140
140 - 150
140 - 150
150 - 170
150 - 170
170- 180
170- 180
180 - 195
195 - 215
180 - 195
215 - 250
195 - 215
215 - 250
2.5
7.5
0.05
0.1
Miles
0.2
0.15
Sources: Esri, DeLorme, HERE, TomTom, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO,

USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri
Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), swisstopo, and the GIS User Community
Miles
10
tucson_buff
0.05
0.1
0.15
Miles
0.2

For downtown, an increase in urban tree canopy was suggested. This will provide for greater
human thermal comfort will walking along the streets of downtown, reduce urban heat island
and enhance habitat for bird and other desert urban wildlife.
GROUND TRUTH & DESIGN INTERVENTION
Legend
suitability
suitability
<VALUE>
<VALUE>
50 - 70
50 - 70
70 - 90
70 - 90
90 - 105
105 - 125
90 - 105
125 - 140
105 - 125
140 - 150
125 - 140
150 - 170
170- 180
140 - 150
180 - 195
150 - 170
195 - 215
170- 180
215 - 250
0.1
0.2
0.3
Miles
0.4

180 - 195
195 - 215
215 - 250
2.5
7.5
Miles
10
tucson_buff
vacant_land_dissolve
park_rec_buff_clip
PARK_TYPE
COUNTY
FEDERAL
MUNICIPAL
STATE
vacant_land
washes
tucson_buff
0.1
0.2
0.3
Miles
0.4

The Rillito River area was retro fitted with a few pocket parks to add amenities along exiting
trails.
CONCLUSION
The created suitability model is by no means the only grand

solution to Tucsons open space dilemma. However it does
help to reveal the potential for greater connectivity through
open space. Further examination and ground trothing will need
to take place in order to understand what design applications
may be possible. It is also important to note zoning and
future development, in order to allow for plans such as this
one to become a part of the dialogue in regards to future
development. By creating policies that advocate for greater
amounts of open space and preservation of habitat we can
preserve the extensive amounts of biodiversity here in the
Tucson desert region, while simultaneously providing greater
quality of life for residence.
WHO ARE WE..?

EDLIN HERNANDEZ
is an achievement-driven graduate student pursuing
a career in the built environment field. Edlin earned her Bachelors degree in
Architecture from the Sonoran-Desert city of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. The
Masters Planning Program at University of Arizona, College of Architecture,
Planning, and Landscape Architecture allows her to expand her knowledge in
her field of interests, such as urban planning, urban design, and architecture.
Edlin is passionate about enhancing the spatial character of places of the
communities, by achieving a balance between art and the environment with
its available resources.
KENDRA HYSON
is currently a second year graduate student, pursuing
a Masters degree in landscape architecture, and graduate certification in

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) at the University of Arizona. Kendra
received her BA in studio art from Spelman College, and was inspired to pursue
a career in landscape architecture after traveling to Portobelo, Panama for
an artist residency focused on environmental and cultural awareness through
art. Social equity, environmental awareness and creativity, applied through
culturally sensitive design have become the core sentiment behind her
presence in landscape architecture. She hopes to forward her newly found
passion and education, into a career that aims to ensure that planning and
design decisions always consider the well-being of both people and the
environment.
ESTEFANIA VASQUEZ
obtained a Bachelors degree in Architecture from
the University of Arizona. Currently, Estefania is pursuing a Masters degree

in landscape architecture from the same college. Estefanias educational
and professional experiences include a variety of projects where she has
participated throughout the United States, Mexico, and Spain. In addition,
Estefania is proficient in several design software, bilingual in English and Spanish
and passionate about architecture, landscape architecture and urban design.
YANG YANG
is an international student from China and is pursuing a
masters in the area of Landscape Architecture from the University of Arizona.

She earned a Bachelors degree in Landscape Architecture from the Sichuan
Fine Art Institute prior to her attendance at the U of A. Her hand drafting and
digital abilities are unmatched and make her a valuable asset to the team.
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THANK YOU

Lar623 2014s Openspaceplan Groupc Hernandezhysonvasquezyang

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OPEN SPACE PLAN

AN ANALYSIS OF CURRENT OPEN

ucson remains a place where people from all areas of

climate, distinct biodiversity, mountain vistas, sunsets, and

Defining Open Space

Types of Open Space

Front Yard - Washington, DC

Tucson Open Space

WHAT IS OPEN SPACE...?

Open space is an important

of life, health and wellness, while

element in the constructs of any

protecting natural resources

urban city. For the purposes of

this project, we have defined

biodiversity. The critical nature

opens space as: any lands

of open space to the well-

protected by law prohibiting

todays communities allows for

aid in the preservation of an

open space to take on multiple

areas natural character, for

forms. This may include, spaces

the sake of recreation, ecology,

environment, public health, and

multifunctional spaces, parks,

agriculture. These spaces are

trails, plazas and washes just to

known to increase overall quality

WHY IS OPEN SPACE IMPORTANT...?

Urban green-spaces are now

than one-third engages in no leisuretime physical activity at all. In the

TYPES OF OPEN SPACE

Definition: Nature parks are lands set

ST. PETERS SQAURE

This is one of the most popular plazas

Located in a historical centre of

A trail (also track, byway, footpath, etc.) is a path with

It comes in various forms and names such as (but not

VACANT LAND a parcel lot on

GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR

1. INTEGRATED & MULTIFUNCTIONAL

Tucson has a rich ecological and cultural diversity.

3. EQUITY & ACCESSIBILITY

An open space should be accessible to everyone,

A well designed open space means that fits into

5. HEALTH & SAFETY

Access to open spaces encourages physical

6. ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION & INTEGRITY

Ecological Function and integrity are the main

It is important to maintain the community abreast of

OBJECTIVES FOR OPEN SPACE

Increase open space to meet the long term goals

Prioritize acquisition of open space in high needs areas.

Protect & enhance the biodiversity & ecological

engage community in th stewardship of their open

Improve access & connectivity to open space

Maintenance of existing open spaces.

Located near a Metrorail station along

The Yards Park highlights a

TUCSON OPEN SPACE