CULTURE OF

THE
FILIPINOS
Early customs and
traditions

HOUSES

Early houses were made of nipa, wood,

bamboo, and cogon. Built near the river,
lake or sea.
It composed of a sala, batalanes, banggera
Kalingas, mandayas and bagobos built
their houses on top of the trees
Badjaos known as sea gypsies of sulu

FOOD

They had rice and fish. They also

cooked chicken, pork and beef. They
planted kamote, gabi and different
vegetables and fruits.
They used clay pots or bamboo tubes
for cooking. Their jars serves as
receptacle for drinking water

WINE

Tuba extracted from coconut palm

Lambanog extracted from young
coconut
Basi from the sugar cane
Pangasi extracted from rice
Tapuy igorot wine made from rice

WAY OF
Kangan DRESSING
consisted of a short, collarless, and
short-sleeved jacket.

Color of jacket shows the rank of the wearer.

Bahag a strip of cloth wrapped around the
waist, passing down the thighs
Baro or camisa, and saya for women
Tapis a piece of cloth wrapped around the
waist.

ORNAMENTS
Early women used personal adornments
like kalombigas, pendants, bracelets, gold
rings, earings, and leglets. It is made up of
gold and precious stones. Gold was used
for fillings between teeth.
They also had tattoes in their body.
Visayans were called pintados.

 Three classes

FILIPINO
SOCIETY

Maharlikas or nobles consisted of the chiefs and their

families.
Timawa or freemen those who had earned their freedom.
Alipin or slaves lowest classification, reasons: by inheritance,
by captivity in war, bi failing their debt, by purchase or as
punishment for crimes commited
Tagalogs have two Classe of alipin
Aliping namamahay and Aliping saguiguilid

THE POSITION
OF
WOMEN
Treated equally by men
They could own and inherit property,
engaged in trade and industry
Allowed to be a chieftain
Men walked behind women to show
respect

MARRIAGE
Bigay-kaya o dote
Panghimuyat
Bigay-suso
Himaraw
Pamumulungan o pamamalae
Babaylan or katalona

CLEANLINESS

Known for their cleanliness. They used

gugo.

Their houses were regularly using rough

leaves called isis.
They rubbed their bamboo floor by dried
banana leaves.
They had a jar of water in stairs to wash

RESPECTFULNE
SS
Known to be respectful.
They po at opo, ho when talking to somebody
They greeted their elders at night kissing
their hands or putting their hands on the
forehead.
They removed their putong when they meet,
a sign of respect.

GOVERNME
NT

Barangay

Head of the government (datu,

rajah, and lakan)
Buwis
sanduguan

LAWS
Laws are classified into oral or
written
Datu are assisted by the elders
Umalohokan , a barangay crier.

JUDICIAL
PROCESS
Hearing was done in public immediate
decision was made on cases.
The accused and accuser were asked
to present their witnesses.
The more witnesses they had, the
more is their chance of winning.

TRIAL BY ORDEAL
Boiling water ordeal
Lighted candle ordeal
The river ordeal
Uncooked rice ordeal

BURIAL PRACTICES
Morotal
Maglahi
Laraw
sipa
Balata
pasiyam

DIVINATION AND
MAGIC CHARMS

Salaksak

Pangatauhan
Asuwang
Mangkukulam
Mangagaway
Tiyanak

RELIGION
ANITOS IN LUZON
DIWATA IN VISAYAS
Babaylan
Katalona
Bathala chief god
Idiyanale
Sidapa

ECONOMIC LIFE
Agriculture was the main source of
livelihood
Two methods of cultivation
- kaingin and tillage
Irrigation
Early system of landholding
Other industries