PlantReviewWorksheetPart2|Gymnosperms&Angiosperms

KEY

1. Fillinarrowsonthecladogrambelowwithcharacteristics/traitsthatshowhowplantsevolvedovertime:

Flowers,seedsenclosedinfruit

Seeds,Pollen

VascularSystem

Multicellular,Inhabit(liveon)land,
cellswithsmallchannelsfor communication

2. Fillinthefollowingtable:

PlantCategory

Examplesofplants

Seedproducing
(cones)
Gymnosperms

Conifers

Seedproducing
(flowers)
Angiosperms

Cycads
Ginkgos
Lillies,appletrees,
orangetrees,daisies,
etc(anythingwith
flower/fruit)

Definingcharacteristics

Hasseeds,hasvascularsystem,
DOESNOTneedwaterto
reproduce,seedspartially
protectedbycones,coneis
reproductivestructure
Hasseeds,vascularsystem,
doesnotneedH20to
reproduce,seedsprotectand
nourishembryo(endosperm),
flowerisreproductive
structure

DominantPhase?

Sporophyte

Sporophyte

3. Placethestepsoftheconiferlifecycleinorder,fromthestepstartedforyou:
__1___Maleandfemaleconesgrowintomaturesporophytes.
6

Seedslandandtheseedlinggrowsintosporophyte(cyclerepeats).

Afterseedsharden,coneopensandseedsarereleased.

Pollengrainsarereleasedfrommaleconesandstickstofemaleovule.

Onespermnucleifertilizestheeggandadiploidembryodevelops.

Pollentubegrowsfrommalespore(pollen)and2spermnucleitraveldowntoegg

4. Whatarethetwowayspollinationoccursinfloweringplants?

a. Wind
b. Animals
5. Whatisafruit?Matureflowerovary

a. Whatistheroleoffruit?(list2things)Seeddispersalandtoprotect/nourishtheplant
embryo.
6. Botanistsclassifyfloweringplantsintotwogroupsbasedontheir#ofcotyledons

7. ForthefollowingpicturesanddescriptionswriteMformonocotorDfordicot:

8. Matchthefollowingplantlifespanswiththeircorrectdefinition:
BiennialsPlantsthattake2yearstocompletetheirlifecycle.

a.Annuals

PerennialsPlantsthatliveformorethan2years
AnnualsPlantsthatmaturefromseeds,produceflowers,andthen
dieallinoneyear.
9. Whatisanendosperm(whyisitanadvantageforplantswithseeds)?
Thefoodsourceforthedevelopingplantembryo.

b.Biennials
c.Perennials

10. Labeltheflowersstructures:

Stamen
a. ______________________

Filament
b.__________________

Anther
c.__________________

d. Carpel/Pistil

Stigma
e._______________
Style
f._______________

Ovary
g._______________

Petal
h.___________________

11. Fillintheblanks:
Theoutermostlayerofaflowerismadeofsepals,whichprotecttheflower.Justinsidetheoutermost
layerisanotherlayerofmodifiedleavescalledpetals,whichcanbebrightlycoloredtoattractpollinators.
Mostflowershavebothmaleandfemalestructures.Astamenisthemalestructureofaflowerandithas
astalkcalledafilament.Thisstalksupportsananther,whichproducesthemalegametophytes:pollen

grains.Theinnermostpartofthefloweristhefemalestructurecalledthecarpel.Eachfemalestructure
hasthreeparts.Thestigmaisthetoppartthatisstickyandholdsthepollengrainswhentheylandthere.
Thestyleisthetubethatleadsfromthetoppartofthecarpeltothebaseoftheflower.Thisiscalledthe
ovary,anditiswherefemalegametophytes(eggs/ovules)areproduced.
12. Whatisdoublefertilization?Whattwothingsareproducedasaresult?

Whenonespermfertilizestheegg=zygote,andtheotherspermformswiththetwopolar
nuclei=triploid(3n)enderosperm.

13. Answerthefollowingquestionsabouttheangiospermsmalegametophyte:
a. Cellsintheanthersproducehaploidspores(pollen).Thismeansthesporesarecreatedby:

(circleone)

mitosis

or

meiosis

b. Thenucleusinthepollengraindividesbymitosistomake2spermnuclei.Eachnucleiis:

(circleone)

haploid

or

diploid

14. Placethestepsoftheangiospermlifecycleinorder,fromthestepstartedforyou:
1Pollenlandsonthestigma=pollination.
3

Thespermtraveldownthepollentube.

Eachovulebecomesaseedandthesurroundingovarygrowsintoafruit.

Onehaploidnucleusofpollengrainformsthepollentube.Theotherhaploidcellforms2sperm
nuclei.

Atriploid(3n)endospermforms.

Seedsgetdispersed.

Seedgerminates,andthecyclestartsover.

Onespermfertilizestheeggandtheotherjoinswiththe2polarnuclei.

15. Compareandcontrastthefollowingtypesofseedproducingplants:

GymnospermsAngiosperms

Same

Trees

Conebearing

Woody
Seedsnotenclosedinfruit

Endospermcreatedfor
Endosperm

eachovule
Wind

pollinated

Fertilization
without
water

Pollen

Pollentube

Seedenclosedinfruit
Flowers
Herbaceous
Animalpollinators
Endospermonly
createdwheneggis
fertilized.