Veronica Ledesma

Professor Cynthia Hamlett

English 101

Parental Alcoholism: An Annotated Bibliography

Adewale, Adebayo. Kidney Injury, Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Abnormalities in

Alcoholics. Nigerian Medical Journal 55.2 (2014): 93-98. Print.
Few of the effects that alcohol have on the body are researched in this article of this journal. The
consequences of alcoholism and alcohol abuse have been a major public health concern in the
United States. Alcoholism is considered a disease and it affects more than 14 million people
according to this article. Alcoholism and alcohol abuse are the third leading causes of
preventable deaths in the U.S. Largest amounts of ethyl alcohol can have a great impact,
affecting almost every organ system in the body, also the consumption of alcohol can cause great
damage in kidneys and can cause an off valance in the fluid electrolytes. Malnutrition is present
in almost all those with chronic alcoholism.

I found this article in a scholar journal that is dedicated to the investigation of chemical
manufacturing. I did not fine much information about the author but he is part of a health
organization. This is an objective research because their studies are directed to discover the many
effects that the consumption of alcohol has, mainly in the kidneys and other vital organs. This
resource is very informative because it explains the whole process of the effects, starting from
the beginning when the first drink has been consumed when the alcohol crosses the capillary
membranes by diffusion, until the end when the alcohol impacts the cellular function. This
source is different from my other sources because this source gives more detail about the
physiology effects on certain organs in the body.

This sources can help me to have a better understanding of the physiological effects from a
scientific perspective. It can aid to confirm my argument and prove that drinking, especially
parental drinking can be harmful for parents and this can affect not only the parents but the
children as well.

Cleaver, Hedy. Child Protection, Domestic Violence and Parental Substance Misuse: Family
Experiences and Effective Practice. London: In Quality Matters in Childrens Services,
2007. Print.
This book is giving one specific case about parental alcoholism. The social worker that talks
about this case gives important information about some parents that abuse alcohol and the effects
that this had when raising their daughter. She talks about the learning difficulties as well as the
violence that an alcoholic parent can inflict in their children and the violence that not only the
children suffer, but many times the same alcoholic parent suffers by the other alcoholic parent as
well.
This book can be helpful for my research because is given by a Social Worker who is handling
this as well as other cases of alcoholic parents that are misusing how she calls it, the use of
alcohol. I can use the direct experience that she has with children that lived with parental
alcoholism. And I can not only see her view of the alcoholic parents but also her view and the
view of the children that live with them since she is documenting all her assessments.

The recording of her assessment is going to help me view one specific case that include both
sides the alcoholic parents and their child. This source is going to help me to give the inside view
of the child that has alcoholic parents.

Colden, Craig R. et, al. Alcohol Expectancies as Potential Mediator of Parent Alcoholism
Effects on the Development of Adolescent Heavy Drinking. Journal of Research on
Adolescence (Laurence Eribaum) 7.4 (1997): 349-374. Web.24 July, 2015.
In this Journal, they follow 2 groups of teenagers. One group had alcoholic parents and the other
didnt. They followed these 2 groups for a period of 3 years. Their main focus was to study and
measure the influence or effect that an alcoholic parent have on their teenage heavy drinking.
The main point of this article is to show how much influence or effect a drinking parent has on
their adolescent kids. Children of alcoholic parents had a much higher risk for problem alcohol
use in adolescence and to developing a dependency as an adult. Many other factor were linked to
adolescent drinking, such as parenting behavior, peer influences, temperament and personality,
emotional distress, and parental alcoholism. The parental alcoholism was related to the
adolescents expectancy to drink and also the adolescent with the alcoholic parents had a
reinforcing effect from alcohol.

Though this article is not current because this study was done back in October 1997, I believe
this is a reliable source because is from empirical data and it was written from scholars that come
from well know universities such as Stanford University, Loyola University, Duke University
and Arizona State University. This research have to be subjective because there is nothing to be
gain in this study except for the information to inform the public about potential mediator of
parental alcoholism. The journal is well documented, it contains graphs and they also use scholar
terminology.

This study can assist to explain one important aspect of my research which is the importance of
parents as role models. It can help me expose the great impact that parental alcoholism have on
all their children, but it affects especially the adolescents because is in this age when they need
them most guidance.

Institute Of Medicine (U.S) National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S).
Prevention and Treatment of Alcohol Problems: Research Opportunities. Washington,
D.C. National Academies Press, 1989. Print.
I found a lot of useful information in this book, that can help give my research a better focus with
the information provided. For example, it talks about the wide distribution of alcohol which has a
lot of implications with the alcoholism problem. Alcohol has been associated with many physical
and social problems, including diseases, accidental and intentional violence, homelessness, and
unemployment. This books covers many of the points that I talk about in my research, like the
social effects of alcoholism. I need to do further reading.

This is a reliable source because this book was written by the National Academy of Science and
it was approve by Governing Board of the National Research Council. The goal of this
investigation was to provide the public with reliable information about the effects and causes that
alcohol have on a person as well as on society. This book gives a much more details on the social
consequences that alcohol has.
The information is outdated but it is useful information that I can use especially in social aspect
and it also covers many of the other areas that are in my research paper.

Kelly, John F. Alcoholics Anonymous Science Update: Introduction to the Special Issue.
Substance Abuse 34. 1 (2013): 1-3. Web. 23 July, 2015.
Alcohol abuse has open the door to many help organizations. One of this organizations is the AA
(Alcoholics Anonymous). This AA organization is the most commonly sought source of help for

alcohol- related programs in the United States. After an increasing reach and influence from this
program the Institution of Medicine in the National Academy of Science led a scientific research
to prove the effectiveness of this program. After 20 years, the study supported the beneficial
effectiveness, and efficacy of the program to alleviate alcohol as well as other drug programs.

This article has been study not only by John Kelly, but also by other groups such as the National
Academy of Science. The author John Kelly has a PhD, he works for the Center for Addiction
Medicine in Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medicine School. He is a reliable
because he has his back grown to back up his studies. His research is objective, I believe he is
trying, through this research to inform the public about the AA program efficacy at 0 cost. This a
scholar journal all his facts are well investigated and well documented because all the
information that he provides in this article. This resource is going to help me to state a good
reference as options for the alcoholic parents.

This article is an important part for my research because this is going to assist with part of the
information that I am going to share about the different treatment options

Maltzman, Irving. Alcoholism: Its Treatments and Mistreatments. New Jersey: World Scientific
Publishing Company, 2008. Print.
There are many programs that can help with the recovery of an alcoholic person. AA being the
dominant program in the United States, other methods that can help an addiction are
Psychotherapy, education lecture and films, and some programs have added components such as
relaxation training, CENAPS-model relapse counseling, and family therapy. With the exception
of the AA program according to Irving Maltzman, all this treatments are less effective. The point
of this book is to give a more general information on the treatments and efficacy of the different
programs available for alcoholic addicts.

There is not much information about the help treatments for alcoholism. This resource talks
about more help programs but it does not give a lot of detail for them.

This resource was a bit helpful. Even though it did not give me a lot of information about the
resources, but it did prove with more names of other programs that I can research in more detail
and include in my research.

Rangarajan, Sripriya, et,al . Family Communication Patterns, Family

Environment, and the
Impact of Parental Alcoholism on Offspring Self-esteem. Journal of
Social & Personal Relationships. 23. 4 (2006): 655-671. Print.
This journal talks about the many effects that parental alcoholism can bring into the
life of a children, teenagers, as well as young adults. The possible stressors that
having parental alcoholism may bring into a childs life. For example depression and
other psychological problems. It also states other behavioral issues as well as the
different coping mechanisms that children with parental alcoholism have.

The information that this journal provides is reliable because a study by Psychological
scholars has been done with children that had parental alcoholism as well as with
children with no parental alcoholism to compare the data that is been offered. One of
the issues that I see with this journal is that is outdated. It was written in 2006, and
the participants were females. Comparing this journal with other sources might be

somehow a little difficult because the most of the other sources that I have for my research are
done with both male as well as females. I can try to get access to (if possible) a male only journal
or a text that can help me to evaluate the effects that parental alcoholism have on its own
independent way.

This journal can help me to view the effects that parental alcoholism have on females only from
childhood to adulthood. I dont know if this article can be beneficial for my research since Im
doing the research on both male and female, but the journal has valuable information regarding the
effects on alcoholism. And because I found all this information I decided to narrow my topic from
alcoholism and the emotional effects to parental alcoholism.

Rudy, David R. Becoming Alcoholic: Alcoholics Anonymous and the Reality of Alcoholism.
Southern Illinois University: Carbondale, 1986. Web. Print.
This book is gives a number of testimonies of people that join the Alcoholic Anonymous (A.A)
meetings. Many of them, discuss the different reasons as to why they started drinking alcohol.
Few of the reasons was because they were bore, they did not have anything else to do, so they
would just pick up a beer and they would drink out of boredom. Others, had marital problem
and having a beer or glass of a stronger alcohol would help them relieve and take refuge instead
to confront the problem. Depression was a major reason too that influenced several people to
start consuming alcohol. Homosexuality was a big factor, trying to figure out who they are. This

caused confusion in them and many of them turn to alcohol. Personal problems and peer pressure
were some other causes that provoked the alcoholic to turn to alcohol.

A research has been done to gather and provide all this information from actual testimonies from
many members of the A.A. group. .

The research and testimonials from these A.A. members are going to help me to give a clearer
cause or causes as to why people start drinking. This is going to be a very helpful resource for
my research because these sources come directly from one of the most well know recovery
groups, and even though this is an out dated book, the information provided is valid. The A.A.
program have had the same steps to help its members form many years. This testimonies and
research done by this author is going to help my me not only to expose the causes why people
become alcoholics but it will also help me to talk about the different treatment options available
for alcoholics.