ELECTRICAL FEEDER PROTECTION

FEEDER PROTECTION

Electrical feeders
Transfer of power from source to load
Connection between two circuits
-

Basically Conductors
Both insulated & non insulated
May have joints
Short / Medium / Long Feeders
Long cables may store energy
Current / Voltage feeders

Typical faults in Electrical feeders

FEEDER PROTECTION

-Mainly insulation failure due to

Over heating
Causes of Over heating :
- Excessive currents above rated value
( Over Load)
- Very High currents ( short circuit)
- Leakage currents ( through Earth)

OVER CURRENT .?
EARTH FAULT.?
WHERE DO THEY OCCUR.
WHY DO THEY OCCUR..

CLASSIFICATION OF OVER CURRENT .

OVER LOAD
LOCKED ROTOR
SHORT CIRCUIT

WHAT IS A FEEDER PROTECTION RELAY

PROTECTION AGAINST
OVER CURRENT AND
EARTH FAULTS

OVER CURRENT + E/F RELAY

FEEDER PROTECTION

RATED CURRENT OF FEEDERS.?

CT RATING
Relates to the total connected load
of the feeder

FEEDER PROTECTION
Typical Feedeer Faults

-Transformer
-Feeder
Over current Faults
Short Circuit Faults
Earth Faults

Totally
Three Faults

FEEDER PROTECTION

OVER CURRENT / EARTH FAULT RELAY

-Only O/C Relays

1 or 2 or 3 elements

-Only E/F Relays

1 element

Where is
Short Circuit
Relay ???

-Combined O/C + E/F Relays

4 Elements

FEEDER PROTECTION

OVER CURRENT / EARTH FAULT RELAY

CONVENTIONAL

- 2O/C+1E/F

NUMERICAL

- 3O/C +1E/F

Over Current /E/F Relay

R

FEEDER PROTECTION
CONNECTIONS
OVER CURRENT RELAY

O/C
RELAYS

Over Current /E/F Relay

R

FEEDER PROTECTION
CONNECTIONS
E/F RELAY- RESIDUAL

O/C
RELAY

Over Current /E/F Relay

R

FEEDER PROTECTION
CONNECTIONS
E/F RELAY - WITH CBCT

O/C
RELAY

Over Current /E/F Relay

R

FEEDER PROTECTION
CONNECTIONS
2 PH. OVER CURRENT +
EARTH FAULT RELAY

3 x O/C RELAYS

Over Current /E/F Relay

R

FEEDER PROTECTION
CONNECTIONS
3 PH. OVER CURRENT +
EARTH FAULT RELAY

4 x OC
RELAYS

FEEDER PROTECTION

OVER CURRENT / EARTH FAULT RELAY

CONCEPT OF
LOW SET PROTECTION
HIGH SET PROTECTION
INVERSE TIME DELAYS
DEFINITE TIME DELAYS

Over Current /E/F Relay

FEEDER PROTECTION

Definite Time
Trip Time delay

Inverse Time

CONCEPT OF :
INVERSE TIME CURVES
TMS SETTING

Over Current /E/F Relay

FEEDER PROTECTION

Inverse time delays

Y axis is time delay
Y axis is log scale
X axis is ratio of feeder current Vs.
set current
t

I/Is 10

Over Current /E/F Relay

FEEDER PROTECTION

Inverse Time Characteristics

Normal Inverse 1.3 sec
Normal Inverse 3 sec
Very Inverse
Extremely Inverse

Over Current /E/F Relay

FEEDER PROTECTION

Why Inverse Time Characteristics

To follow the damage curve of feeder

FEEDER PROTECTION

Inverse Time Curves

Time delayEquations
t(I)

[ A ] * TMS
[ (I/Is)a 1 ]
A

Normal Inverse 1.3 Sec

Normal Inverse 3 sec
Very inverse
Extremely Inverse

0.0613
0.1414
13.5
80

a
0.02
0.02
1
2

Over Current /E/F Relay

FEEDER PROTECTION

TIME MULTIPLIER SETTING

FEEDER PROTECTION

Over Current /E/F Relay

Settings (Front Panel)
Inverse time delays

TMS=1
Is=2

Is=4

Is=6

Is=8

Is=10

Is=15

Is=20

Normal Inv 3 sec

10.13

5.03

3.87

3.33

2.54

2.29

Normal Inv 1.3 sec

4.39

2.18

1.68

1.44

1.3

1.1

.99

Very Inverse

13.5

4.5

2.7

1.93

1.5

.96

.71

Extremely Inverse

26.66

5.33

2.28

1.27

0.81

0.36

0.20

Over Current /E/F Relay

TMS Settings

FEEDER PROTECTION

TMS is time delay setting for inverse time characteristics

- TMS is not a direct reading
- Actual Time delay is defined by TMS setting
and inverse time curve specification
-TMS setting is a number which can vary
from 0.1 to 1 in EM relays and
from 0.5 to 2 ( in steps of 0.05) in Numerical relays
- Normal Inverse 1.3 sec curve or 3 sec curve is used
in 95% of over current + EF protections

Over Current /E/F Relay

TMS Settings

FEEDER PROTECTION

The actual time delay :

The time identity of curve selected ( like 1.3 / 3 sec)
is the time delay when the fault current is
10 times the set value provided the TMS setting =1
Acual time delay for a given fault current ( I/Is) =
TMS x Time delay as per the Curve ID at the fault level

REFER EXCEL SHEET

Over Current /E/F Relay

TMS Settings

FEEDER PROTECTION

IMPORTANCE OF
MORE CURVES

REFER EXCEL SHEET

Over Current /E/F Relay

FEEDER PROTECTION

High Set point ( Short circuit Protection)

-Pick up is in terms of low set point / rated current

( like 4 time the LS or Rated)
- Time delay is instantaneous

Time delayed High set

FEEDER PROTECTION
Over Current +E/F Relay LS Protection - Settings

LS Pick up for O/C

LS Time Delay for O/C

50 to 200%
Inverse Time

LS Pick up for E/F

LS Time Delay for E/F

10 to 40%
Inverse Time

Note : the percentages are w.r.t. CT rating

Facilities required in
Over Current /E/F Relay

FEEDER PROTECTION

- LS Pick up range of 50% to 200%

- Curve selection
- TMS selection
- High set pick up range of 200% to 1600%
- High set time delay from 10ms to 500ms

Over Current /E/F Relay

FEEDER PROTECTION

Testing
From Front Panel

By pressing the test PB

By SCITS

Refer a separate document on

Secondary current injection test
procedure for MC12A

FEEDER PROTECTION - VARIATIONS

SENSITIVE E/F
BREAKER FAILURE
FAULT LOCATION
UNBALANCE
AUTO RECLOSING

OVER CURRENT / EARTH FAULT RELAY

SENSITIVE E/F
- ISSUES
- SETTINNGS

OVER CURRENT / EARTH FAULT RELAY

BREAKER FAILURE SCHEME
CONVENTIONAL

CDG61
VTT

NUMERICAL

BUILT IN
SECOND HIGH SET

OVER CURRENT / EARTH FAULT RELAY

UNBALANCE
-VECTORIAL
- SCALAR

OVER CURRENT / EARTH FAULT RELAY

FAULT LOCATION
- V/I PRINCIPLE

OVER CURRENT / EARTH FAULT RELAY

AUTO RECLOSING FUNCTION
- RECLOSE CONTACT
- RECLOSE TIME INTERVAL
- LOCK OUT
SCHEME COMPLICATIONS
- RECLOSE ON HS