ميكانيك المواد المركبة

?=QAzy ?+<Qgy ?
}d"C
G
?+"tAy
Gh e(
zgzy R*Rgy O=f xzC ?"*O|

G
e;u- .e Jd(hQ
pvTv;XvOvTv:
Z?8dQ9G OGuQ9G
ZQ-d)
g - lT6Q
?|OtAC ?+G+@ QAS:

Gh
G J
9+"tAy >Av ?zTzS

G
v9
v h
Z K?I9 b <
v
AG
vv
% $ , ,
:9 Az}
AyG
( *
#*
Qp AT Qvh
@QSC
yE
Q9vh cQ9|h 9 hO
Z T;XA9 Z K?I9
v
b<
AG
vv
( * )
:Qp AT Qv
#*
QL6G
& !
Tq
yE
# +
| Q DwyG Of9S jPyG [MWyG
Of9T
fC haAT
p
~y
&"
wy
JXvvvv=u@CQ9G
19
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?+!9Dy ?g=ay ? |Ot|
25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
] } ?g=ay ? |Ot|
29
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
OG
??=vQCG IO9CG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97GR+Fh ?=vQCG
vvv
vvv
v
v
?+t=ayG ?+JF9qZyG ?=vQCG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?+=+=AG ?=vQCG
v
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?=vQCG
?=vQCG
,$ 9|
:dh
} {Zqy !
G
?|OtCG
1.1
v v ?+$9CG 2.1
OG(CG r+"Z@ 1.2.1
?+q+zyG ?=vQCG
OG(CG 1.1.2.1
OG(CG 2.1.2.1
OG(CG 3.1.2.1
OG(CG H|O 4.1.2.1
OG(}zy ,w+!9w+CG c(zTyG 2.2.1
a9+y}9< IG(tCG ?+JF9qZyG ?=vQCG OG(}zy ?+S9S}G J9JzaZCG 3.2.1
52
. .
53
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
(C ] {LO|
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
v
?=vQC
32
45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
vvvvv
31
38
~ *Ot@
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J9s9sQyG 1.3.2.1
?+t=ayG KF9qZyG
v
v
a9+y}9< IG(tCG ?+JF9qZyG ?=vQCG
x
?+S9S}G ?!(wCG
OG(CG h+"Z@ 4.2.1
OG(}zy ,FGOA<:G {wWyG 1.4.2.1
58
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.2.1
J9t=ayG A9"< 2.4.2.1
),q WyG( j(WyG 3.4.2.1
a9+y}9< IG(tCG ?=vQCG OG(}zy ?"|9wyGh ?+y9AG JGR+CG v v ?*9jyG 3.1
70
. . . . . . . . .
72
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IA9T@Gh ?!9ACG JGR+| 1.3.1

?qzwyG
JGR+| 2.3.1
fR(yG JGR+| 3.3.1
v
?=vQC
G OG(CG J9t+=a@ v v
89
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?+q+wy
G 4.1
G 1.4.1
?|OtC
G JGQF9ayG 2.4.1
r n
91 . . . . . . . . . . Uw+|9"*O dGQ"F ?vQV #| F-111 v v yG M9"F {Zp q| 1.2.4.1
91
?+<QA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 Jh9p v v yG ?fQS {|GQp 2.2.4.1

97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S-3A Jh9p v v yG K<9v 3.2.4.1
100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-18
4.2.4.1
AV-8B k"*(< 5.2.4.1
103 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
k " * (<
Q+* 9$
104 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-29A f9|hQi 6.2.4.1

105 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2 f9|hQi HhQCQ(! 7.2.4.1
105 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-22
#+@ 9| O+%v(y
106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L-1011
?+!OC
vv
G JGQF9ayG 3.4.1
C G
G 1.3.4.1
Q+F9*(p
f9@hQ 2.3.4.1
O+%v(y y ,S Qy K+"@
109 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2.4.1
110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 k"*(< 3.3.4.1

111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F G
?t 9qy ?fQTy9< POC {t"y
112 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?+ 9]qy
G 4.3.4.1
G J9t+=aAyG 4.4.1
113 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J9<QgyG ,p J9t+=aAyG 5.4.1

115 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?* 9GAy
G J9t+=aAyG 6.4.1
116 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?Y;L
5.1
117 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 {F9TCG ?f(}H

118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
119 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?s9sQy Qv9C ,w+!9w+C (zTy

jh
G c
119 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
? +C; C
,I9"C ?zC9}A| Q+i
OG(CG
,p ?+SO"%y
P9Dy
G :
{Zqy !
G 1.2
{LOC
OG(}zy d9gq!G v v O9%F G J9s;f 2.2
B< (Dy
Gh
Gh IA9T@G J;|9g| 3.2
?f 9aC
130 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G G
h F QC
?+SO"%y
B< (Dy
,I9"C
^f
O(+tyG 4.2
,I9"CG
?zC9}A| OG(CG 1.4.2
135
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
136
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
139
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
140
. . . .
145
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
159
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
160
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
163
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
164
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
164
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
169
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
183
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
185
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
185
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
191
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
193
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
196
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
200
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
204
. . . . . . . . . . .
208
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
208
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
209
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
211
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
215
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
215
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
222
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
223
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,I9"CG
IO}gATCG hC ,I9"CG ?+C;C OG(CG 2.4.2

4.2 {F9TCG ?f(}H
?+C;C IO9| ,p j(ATCG O9%F5y d9gq!G v v O9%F G J9s;f 5.2

,_9=AfG &+F(@
(Tsai-Wu)
JGP ?s9sQy d9gq!G v v O9%F G J9s;f 6.2
6.2 {F9TCG ?f(}H

q
,I9"CG ?+C;C ?s9sQy IQ+jA|;yG JGR+}CG 7.2
7.2 {F9TCG ?f(}H
,I9"CG
?+C;C ?s9sQ J9!9A| 8.2
?!9ACG ~+$9q| 1.8.2
IA9T@Gh ?!9A}zy ,=*QGAyG O*OJAyG 2.8.2

q
?+w+!9w+CG JGR+}}zy ?Y;L 3.8.2
,I9"CG
8.2 {F9TCG ?f(}H
?+C;C ?s9sQy Q(JCG ?+F9"C ?!9ACG Q+*9g| 9.2

,}df}G
O9%F G b9qLE Q9+g| 1.9.2
,}df}G
d9gq! G b9qLE Q9+g| 2.9.2
(Tsai-Hill)
{+$ v v j9TAy b9qL G Q9+g| 3.9.2
f9}p($ b9qLE Q9+g| 4.9.2
(Hoffman)
hh v v j9TAy b9qL G Q9+g| )Q(T"@( Q@(| 5.9.2

b9qL G Q+*9gC ?Y;L 6.9.2
9.2 {F9TCG ?f(}H
RF(| 10.2
hFGQCG
?s9sQy Qw+C ,w+!9w+C (zTy Ey9Dy {Zqy !

jh
G c
G :
?|Ot| 1.3
IA9TGzy OG(CG x+!9w+| ?<Q9t| 2.3

E1
O*O; 1.2.3
225 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E2 O*O; 2.2.3

230
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
231
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
v12 O*O; 3.2.3

G12 O*O; 4.2.3
234 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?+Z+Mz@ J9dI;| 5.2.3

235 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 {F9TCG ?f(}H
237 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IA9TGzy ?!hQCG ?<Q9t| 3.3
q
237 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?|Ot| 1.3.3
238 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?!hQ}zy ?*O*O; J9+"t@ 2.3.3
248 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?J+JYh ?_(=]| d(zI 3.3.3
252 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QG(@G h| ?!hQCG d(zI 4.3.3
257 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j9T@-_=y9$ J:O9g| 5.3.3
267 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?+Z+Mz@ J9dI;| 6.3.3
268 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 {F9TCG ?f(}H
269 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IA9T@G J9<Q9t| ?!Q9t| 4.3
v
q
269 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?+=+=AG ?=vQCG OG(CG 1.4.3
kq
v
q
271 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9+q+y IG(tCG ?=vQCG OG(CG 2.4.3
276 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?+Z+Mz@ J9dI;| 3.4.3
276 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?!9ACG
]E OG(CG x+!9w+| ?<Q9t| 5.3
q
276 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?|Ot| 1.5.3
q
278 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r+zyG g9:G ,p OWyG ?!9A| 2.5.3
287 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r+zyG g9:G ,p bj]yG ?!9A| 3.5.3
305 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 {F9TCG ?f(}H
305 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jhQw+CG x+!9w+CG
307
#f ?+Z+Mz@ J9dI;| 6.3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hFGQCG
311 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?+t=_ ?J+qZy 9gy ,w+!9w+C (zTy h< Qy {Zqy !

e
G c
G :
311 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?|Ot| 1.4

315 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 {F9TCG ?f(}H
315 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?*O+ztAyG K+qZAyG ?*Qd! 2.4
10
?s9sQzy d9gq!G -O9%F G c(zS 1.2.4

?+t=_ ?J+qY ,p O9%F Gh d9gq!:G Q+j@ 2.2.4
?+t=ayG ?J+qZyG ,p ehRgyGh i(tyG ?zZI 3.2.4
[Mz| 4.2.4
2.4 {F9TCG ?f(}H
?+t=ayG ?J+qZyG IA9TF J;|9gC ?Y9L J:9I 3.4
?t=ayG ?*O9IC J;+wWAyG 1.3.4
IQc9"ACG ?+t=ayG KF9qZyG 2.3.4
Uv9gCG Qc9"AyG JGP ?+t=ayG KF9qZyG 3.3.4
IQc9"A|;yG ?+t=ayG KF9qZyG 4.3.4
?gF9WyG ?+t=ayG ?J+qZyG r*Q9g@ 5.3.4
?+Z+Mz@ J9dI;| 6.3.4
3.4 {F9TCG ?f(}H
?S9tCG {<9t| ?*Qd"yG ?+t=ayG ?J+qZyG IA9TF J;|9g| 4.4
IA9T@G J:O9g| H(zt| 1.4.4
?=y9ZACG J9s9sQyG JGP ?+t=ayG KF9qZyG IA9TF J;|9g| 2.4.4
?Y9BG
?+t=_ ?J+qZy ?S9tCGh ?*Qd"yG IA9T@G J;|9g| 3.4.4
?=y9ZA| J9s9sQ JGP
?Y9BG ?zF9CG J9s9sQyG JGP ?+t=ayG ?J+qZyG IA9TF J;|9g| 4.4.4
?+t=ayG ?J+qZzy ?S9tCGh ?*Qd"yG IA9T@G J;|9g| 5.4.4
?zF9CG J9s9sQyG JGP
?+Z+Mz@ J9dI;| 6.4.4
4.4 {F9TCG ?f(}H
?+t=ayG KF9qZyG ?!9A| 5.4
?|Ot| 1.5.4
?+t=ayG ?J+qZyG ?!9A| {+z; ?+FGQFE 2.5.4
,w+!9w+CGh jQGQAG O9%F G {+z; 3.5.4
N9_QAS:G O9%F G {+z; 4.5.4
316
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
317
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
321
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
326
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
330
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
331
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
332
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
335
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
346
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
351
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
352
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
355
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
356
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
358
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
358
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
360
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
368
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
371
. .
376
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
378
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
378
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
379
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
379
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
383
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
385
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
389
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
?=y9ZACG J9s9sQyG JGP ?+t=ayG KF9qZyG ?!9A| 5.5.4
391
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
403
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
408
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
411
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
412
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
414
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
417
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
421
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
423
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?zF9CG J9s9sQyG JGP ?+t=ayG KF9qZyG ?!9A| 6.5.4

?+Z+Mz@ J9dI;| 7.5.4
5.4 {F9TCG ?f(}H
J9t=ayG
#+
< 9| JGO9%F G 6.4
?*O+ztAyG K+qZAyG ?*Qd! 1.6.4

?!hQCG ?i9+Y 2.6.4
?!hQCG {I HF9A! 3.6.4
J9t=ayG #+< JGO9%F5y ,=*QGAyG f9$Q=yG 4.6.4
uF9sQyG JGP ?+t=ayG KF9qZyG ,p J9t=ayG #+< JGO9%F G 5.6.4

?=y9ZACG
426
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
427
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J9t=ayG #+< 9| JGO9%F G J9S9wg!G 6.6.4
430
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IQAG ?p9AG J9t=_ {Zp ?yGRE ~+$9q| 7.6.4
432
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
432
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
435
. . . . . . . . . . .
435
6.4 {F9TCG ?f(}H

hFGQCG
9t=ay OgA| K 9qZy RA$ 9g=! 9"J! U|9B {Zqy !
G IO
G RG
Gh L
Gh A
G :
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?|Ot| 1.5
KF9qZyG RGRA$Gh L9g=!Gh A9"J!: ?}c9"yG J:O9gCG 2.5
438
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J9t=ayG IOOgA|
?+S9S}G HF9A"yGh J9+\GQAp:Gh O(+tyG 1.2.5
438
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
442
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
448
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
451
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
452
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
452
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG ,p fRG(AyG J:O9g| 2.2.5

J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG ,p L9g=!:G J:O9g| 3.2.5
J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG ,p RGRA$:G J:O9g| 4.2.5
q
q
{AG J9+"t@ 5.2.5
2.5 {F9TCG ?f(}H
?y(}A ?g\9BGh O9"AS:G ?a+T< J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG aGQJ!G 3.5
453
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
454
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
q
q
e9dA!9< ?fR(| ?+!9\Qf
?Y9BG ,I9"CG ?+C;C J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG 1.3.5
12
455
. . . . . . . . .
F G J9s9sQyG JGP IQc9"ACG J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG 2.3.5
?z 9C
G J9s9sQyG JGP J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG 3.3.5

Qc9"AyG ?Tv9g|
?=y9ZAC
461
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F G J9s9sQyG JGP J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG 4.3.5

Qc9"AyG ?Tv9g|
?z 9C
466
470
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5 {F9TCG ?f(}H
Gh O9"AS:G ?a+T< J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG L9g=!G 4.5

j(ATCG ,p
q
?y(}A ?g\9B
470
473
476
478
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
?z 9C
J9s9sQyG JGP Qc9"AyG ?Tv9g| J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG 3.4.5

?=y9ZACG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J9s9sQyG JGP
485
488
489
490
492
496
498
500
510
513
513
513
515
J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG 4.4.5

?zF9CG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5 {F9TCG ?f(}H
O9"AS:G ?a+T< J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG RGRA$G 5.5

q
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
?z 9C
J9s9sQyG JGP
493
Qc9"Ay ?Tv9g|
Qc9"Ay ?Tv9g|
J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG 3.5.5

?=y9ZACG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
F G J9s9sQyG JGP Qc9"AyG ?Tv9g| J9t=ayG IOOgA| KF9qZyG 4.5.5
?z 9C
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.5 {F9TCG ?f(}H
IA9T@G J;|9g| JGQ+Cz@ ^f IRF(| J9dI;| 6.5

G G
h F QC
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(zS
9f(\(| QL {+y9;
h i
9Ty {Zqy !
: SO
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?|Ot|
5 )AI 1 d(ZqyG ?gFGQ| 2.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
G 3.6
>gAy
1.6
G ,p H(tDyG 4.6
520
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
524
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
525
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
530
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
534
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
535
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
541
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
551
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
556
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
560
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
560
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
561
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
569
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
569
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
570
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
570
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
570
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
571
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
571
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
572
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
572
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
573
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
573
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
575
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
575
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
576
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
576
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
576
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
? t=ay K 9qZy
+! + 5.6
+! + ,p ?+S9SC
O9=| 1.5.6
QTwy x 9w |
QTwy x 9w |
?=vQ
CG OG(CG ^f QTwyG x+!9w+| u+=a@ 2.5.6

P9\QgyG [tyG JGQ+Cz@ 6.6
PG(aS}G A9"J!;y ?t+sOyG d(zAG 1.6.6
P9\QgyG [tyG Q+CzAy ?+=*QtAyG ?@9gCG 2.6.6
IQc9"ACG Q+i ?+t=ayG KF9qZzy ?@9gCG Og< d9wV}G 7.6
+ + G JGQ+CzAyG 8.6
? 8 =y
?sQqA|
hs
G(tyG 9.6
J9f(\(| 10.6
G CG
hF Q
?=vQC )"=y ~+}Z@ ,p ?|Ot| h<9Ty {Zqy !

q
?=vQ
?|Ot|
1.7
aGO$}G 1.1.7
q
j(+"=yG ~+}ZAyG ]E ?|Ot| 2.1.7
CG OG(}zy IO*OF J:9}gASG 3.1.7
14
+"
G JGQhQ+S 4.1.7
q
OG(CG A9tA!G 5.1.7
h Z Ay
G A9tA!G 6.1.7
{ wWAy
J;Y(yG 7.1.7
q
~+}ZAyG J9=zaA| 8.1.7
n
?zD|}G 9.1.7
~ }ZAy ?qTzp
10.1.7
11.1.7
q
j(+"=yG ~+}ZAyG ]E ?|Ot| 2.7
q
?|Ot| 1.2.7
?Y;L
? ~+}ZAyG ($ 9| 2.2.7
~+}ZAyG QY9"f 3.2.7
581
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
587
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
588
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
588
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
589
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
592
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
593
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
594
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
596
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
598
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
598
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
599
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
600
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
601
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
601
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
601
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
604
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
604
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
606
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
608
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
616
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
616
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
616
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
617
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
619
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
621
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
624
j(+"=yG ~+}ZAyG IQhQ+S ,p JG(aL 4.2.7

j(+"=yG {+zJAyG 1.4.2.7
~+}ZAyG ,p {+zJAyG QY9"f 2.4.2.7

b9qL G {+z; 3.4.2.7
j(+"=yG {+wWAyG IO9fE 4.4.2.7
j(+"=yG ~+}ZAzy ?*QGQwAyG ?g+=ayG 5.4.2.7

x
~+}ZAyG J9%F(|h ~+}ZAyG aGO$C 5.2.7

~+}ZAyG {+z; {IGQ| 6.2.7
q
h G ~+}ZAyG {+z; 1.6.2.7
[ }
bS(ACG ~+}ZAyG {+z; 2.6.2.7

F9 yG ~+}ZAyG {+z; 3.6.2.7
, %"
?Y;L 7.2.7
q
q
OG(CG A9tA!G 3.7
?|Ot| 1.3.7
q
OG(CG A9tA!G {|G(f 2.3.7
a9+y}G A9tA!G {|G(f 3.3.7
?p(qZCG A9tA!G {|G(f 4.3.7

x
J9!(wCG ?+GC 5.3.7
q
f(y9}@G ?f(}H OG(| A9tA!G ^f d9D| 6.3.7
?Y;L 7.3.7
{+wWAyG A9tA!G 4.7

q
?|Ot| 1.4.7
o
IG(tCG )"< 2.4.7
q
q
IG(tCG )"< ,p ?=vQCG OG(CG OFG(p 1.2.4.7
q
)d9gq!;y ?!9ACG OG(CG( J9|9fOyG YG(!C 2.2.4.7
hatCG JGP J9|9fOyG AGRE M(AqCG hatCG JGP J9|9fOyG 3.2.4.7

uzjCG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
4.2.4.7
627
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
631
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
634
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
637
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
638
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
642
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
642
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
642
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
645
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b9ZAy:G J;Yh 2.5.7
647
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,iQ=y9<
648
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
649
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
649
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
649
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
650
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
652
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
654
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
654
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
654
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
655
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
656
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
660
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
663
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
669
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
677
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
677
. . . .
681
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?|9fOy ~+}Z@
IO|9gACG ?w=WyG 5.2.4.7

G
G 3.4.7
~+}ZAy ?qzv ,p {+wWAy
G e9GIC {<9t| {+wWAyG 4.4.7

q
?=vQCG )"=yG {+wW@ IO9fE 5.4.7
?+"=y
?+t=ay
?Y;L
K 9qZy
6.4.7
G J;Yh 5.7
?|Ot|
1.5.7
J;Y(yG 3.5.7
b9ZAy:Gh ,iQ=y9< J;Y(yG 4.5.7
5.5.7
q
~+}ZAyG b9qLE Q+*9g|h ~+}ZAyG J9=zaA| 6.7
q
?|Ot| 1.6.7
q
~+}ZAyG J9=zaA| 2.6.7
?Y;L
~+}ZAy ?y(> r* 9g@
3.6.7
?Y;L
4.6.7
){]p}G
,L(@
?zD|} ~+$9q|
?|Ot|
1.7.7
G J9+S9SC 2.7.7
n
?*(+"=yG ?zD|}G 1.2.7.7
n
q
?zD|}G J9+\9*Q 2.2.7.7
q
n
?=vQ| ?+t=_ ?J+qY ?zD|C 3.2.7.7
n
q
?!9ACG ?zD|C J9+HQ< 4.2.7.7
?zD|}
q
q
IQ+jA|;yG ?+t=ayG ?J+qZyG IA9TF ~+$9q| 3.7.7
q
q
q
?+tF9sQyG ?+t=ayG ?J+qZyG ,p IQ+jA|;yG IA9T@G J9}zg| 1.3.7.7
q
IQ+jA|;yG IA9T@G J9}zg| {FC #| ?Y9L HF9A! 2.3.7.7
q
?+t=ayG ?J+qZyG ,p
16
7.7
?+q t=ayG ?J+qZzy IQ+q jA|;yG IA9T@G J9}zg| eGOMASG 3.3.7.7

~+}ZAyG ,p
3.7.7 {F9TCG ?f(}H
q
?+t=ayG KF9qZyG ~+}Z@ 4.7.7
?Y;L 5.7.7
q
?=vQCG )"=yG ,p ~+}ZAyG {+z; ?qTzp 8.7
q
?|Ot| 1.8.7
{v9WCG J:9H 2.8.7
~+}ZAyG ?qTzp 3.8.7
y,q I9"CG {C9}A| Q+iz {+zJAyG 4.8.7
?y9aASG v v A9"J!G fGQs G 5.8.7
q
)jQ%GCG( jhQw+CG x+!9w+CG 6.8.7
q
,q aL;yG c(zTyG 7.8.7
J9t=ayG #+< 9| JGO9%F G 8.8.7
Pq 9\QgyG [q tyG Q9CB 9.8.7
n
?+q t=ayG ?J+qZyG ?zD|C 10.8.7
?Y;L 11.8.7
?Y;Lh RF(| 9.7
hFGQCG
685
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
687
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
688
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
697
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
697
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
697
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
698
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
700
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
701
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
701
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
703
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
705
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
706
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
708
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
710
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
712
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
713
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
716
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
719
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
719
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
719
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
722
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
725
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
726
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
728
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
729
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Q@
JG
(CGh
9p qZ
(
CG
J9p(qZCG
:)C(
uJz !
Q=F 1 .C
?p(qZCG r*Q9g@ 1.1 .C

J9p(qZCG J9+z}f 2.1 .C
JGQ@(CG 2 .C
?+CGOI G Qh9JCG {*(; 1.2 .C
IOOgACG Q@(CG >@GQ| r*Qg@ 2.2 .C
dRAMCG R+|QAyG 3.2 .C
CG
Q@(CG J;*(JAy
,p(qZCG
{wWyG 4.2 .C
730
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
732
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
733
. . . . . . . . . .
740
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
741
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
741
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
741
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
742
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
751
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
O I Q jA| : Oy 9 Oy O ? }df
+
Gh
+!
G Oh
AGh
}G
Oh
AG
:)H(
? F } 9gq 9 F 9 J |
+
?+F9FR a9+yC vvvv
9g= : ?J qZy
P(
!G
E J
+"
"
uJz !
CG
hFGQCG
:)L(
uJz !
CG
d9gq!G vvvv O9%F
G J9+"J"| 1 .L
fhQ(< -,Tv(=*E d9gq!G vvvv O9%F
G J9+"J"| 2 .L
B+pGQi vvvv
,Tv(=*E
vvvv O
hFGQCG
,Tv(=*E
@ ?\ 9gy
G fRG( h
d9gq!G vvvv O9%F
G fRG(
G J9+"J"| 3 .L
Ay ?}c9 y : 9g
"
G J
CG
hFGQCG
uJz !
RA :
CG
:)O(
753
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
753
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
753
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
757
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
767
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?J+qZyG L9g=!G J:O9g| 4 .O
768
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
?J+qZyG RGRA$G J:O9g| 5 .O
768
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
769
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
789
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
809
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RG
Gh
q
?|Ot| 1 .O
?\Q9gyG fRG(@ J:O9g| b9tAVG 2 .O

?J+qZyG fRG(@ J:O9g| b9tAVG 3 .O
18
R zG Q f
Qf R zG
+
!E
vvvv j
vvvv
!E
hFGQCG
9JzaZ B=C
9JzaZ B=C
Q p
:J
CG
:J
CG
vvvvv%
rvvv=bN)
ZT B T ) )0 E XT R N@ 9 Y@ 8 ZP EP0
w (dK 9 u @ C QP 9 t P9 b? 4 pP Q9 X? :
G
G J
G i
G IQO
?+"t@ :9G| ,p 9 $ 9tA! QF ,Ay ?zTzTy P% y Os

,y >+ a*
9 t z y ? *( y
( } " z y 9 + S 9 S 9 vQ J | ? pQ g } y & + p B J = Y Q Z f , p , <Q g y
9 Z A s:
x z } y ? " * O | # + < 9 g A y9 < ? z T z T y P $ Q W ! , @ z * , " t A y
O f ? + = z @ 9 _ , p h t * ? } F Q A z y ? + <Q g y ? } d " } y ? + " t A y ( z g z y R *R g y O = f
9 %" |
(z gy
?+< Qgy ?j zy9 < )"g@ ,Ay 9 +Y (Ay
9S 9+ Ty # |
JGP
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
fC
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
fh
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
,e
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
Gh
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
Gh
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
Gh
vvv
vvv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
Gh
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
jO
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
hC
vvv
vv
vv
p O t g " } y , <Q g y ? } t y Q } @| } y , | 9 A M y 9 + = y :h C
Q \ O v| * P y
EJ=y ?jy ,$ (w@
? + <Q g y ? j z y9 < 9 } A $:
,z* 9| )zf [! E+I
; |9 g } y , } z g y
, p ? + <Q g y ? j z y
(]I
(F
. 9$ Q +i B ! Q A!
;f
9 Z@ : { 9S x y ,p 9 }< # * 9 +} y h +}F
v vvv
1428
vv
vv
vv
vv
9 *Q y
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
fCh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
I Qh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
e2007
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
h(
vv
,e
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
,d
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
Ay ?* (gTy ?+<Qg y ?wz}}y ,p ?+"tAy (zgzy ?+"_(y ?S9+T y 9v+v!9vC

9jy
QA=y
9+}y ,$ ?+G+@ QAS ?+"t@ QWf OI 9}Af 9%"f uD=!
? + " t @ ? *( + J y ? + " t A y
( !9 " y
Q j Z y ? + $9 " A } y 9 + " t A y
9+ 9+}+v QA=y
Q+ay 9]qy
9+ (]y
: 9 Z @:
9+! QAwy
9 |( z g } y
.?8+= y
?| OtA}y (}y ?s9 ay
,
,R
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
,fG
vvv
dh
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
Gh
vv
vvv
,g
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
Gh
vv
vv
,)
,J
vvv
vv
vv
vvv F
vv
vv
vv
vv
G(
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vvv
Gh
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vvv
vvv
Gz
vv
vv
vv
,J
vvv
vvF
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
,J
OG
vv
vv
Gh
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
Gh
vvv
Gh
p 9 F 9 | 9 ] * { g q @ , A y , <Q g y ( A J } z y & z y O = f x z } y
9= | 9vDvy9vC
Q C ) y O % @ E + I B !Q A ! , p ? + < Q g y ? j z y ( ] I # f : O " = y
R *R g y O = f x z } y ? " *O | 9 $P q " @ , A y h * 9 W } y # | O f Q = f , <Q g y ( A J } y
P $ # | .9 % F 9 L ? w z } } y { L ? q z A M | 9 % F h | 9 g A y9 < ? + " t A y ( z g z y
) z f & A I9 @
,s
{ w V ) z f ~ 9 t y , < Q g y ( A J } y ? " } sQ < u z g A * 9 | h * 9 W } y
x
IQO
AG
vvvv
vv
vv
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
vvvv
Eh
vv
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
Qh
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
vv
vvvv
vv
GO
vF
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
19
vvvv
vv
vvvv
vv
vvvv
vvvv
vv
vv
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
vvvv
vv
fh
vvvv
vvvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
hC
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vvvv
vv
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
9 } | ? + } z g y ? Y9 M < ? | 9 % y > A w y ? } FQ A < u z g A * 9 | 9 % " | B ! Q A ! ? w = V

? j z y ) y Q L} 9 j z y # | ? } FQ A y9 < , } z g y ( A J } y Q C ) z f O f 9 T *
. O +q | hp 9! ~ z g< , < Q gy
9t y O * R@ O % < ? + < Q g y
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
AG
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
? S9 + T y 9 % @ O I , A y 9 + " t A y # | { v , p > A v ? C ; C ) z f ? z T z T y { } A W @
9 + } y 9 f 9 g FQ | } ( w * E + J < > A w y Q + A L . ? + " t A y ( z g z y ? + " _ ( y
9 % F ( | 9 |9 f 9 < 9 A v E y 9 D y 9 + g | 9 F 9 < 9 A v , ! 9 D y ( w * ? + " t A y x z @ , p 9 p Q g |
{ } A W @ & + z f .Q D v O I
9 A v x y , a j * O s # + } A % } y ? |9 f ) y
( C ; C ? C; C & f ( } G | 9 | ) z f ? | O t A } y ? + G + @ Q A S: 9 + " t A y > A v ? z T z S
? + " t A y ? + } z g y 9 J z a Z } z y Q q " | , p9 \ 9 A v [ Z L 9 } v 9 } FQ A | 9 <9 A v
.K zaZ }zy ~ G g}v ?z TzT y
P $ ,p O}Ag }y
v
Gz
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
dh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
hC
vv
vvv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
Gh
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
9 % | # | 9 A w y ( w * 9 % " | Q + *9 g | u p > A w y 9 t A ! Q F O t y
9 f O g < O Y O s & ! 9 + } y9 f ~ % y O % W * # + q y | } y ? + " t A y x z @ , p > A w y
OJ| ?8p >_9M* E+ J< 9Z AL: u+x \ (w * :
(w@
# f ? } FQA | B T +y 9 Aw y 9 % < ry ,A y ? j zy 9< ? < (A w | 9 % " f ~ FQ A* , Ay ? M T" y
, p > Z * 9 + t + = a @ 9 + z } f & G % ! 9 A w y ( \( | ( w * Q + L
QL ?jy
; L # | ? * 9 Z A s: ? + } " A y ? + z } f , p ~ $9 T *
9 w A <: ? + " t A y { t ! ( % F
(AJ }y 9 *
.,<Qgy ,pQg}y
J
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
fC
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
fCh
vv
vv
vv
, I Oh
Ch
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
f Ch
vv
vv
,2000
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
,Q
vv
vv
vv
fC
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
Ch
vv
vv
vv
vv
,i
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
IO
? f ( } G } y P $ O Z < O + g S ? + " t A y ( z g z y R *R g y O = f x z } y ? " *O |

9 % A y P < , A y ( % G y ) z f ? } F Q A z y ? + <Q g y ? } d " } y Q w V
>Awy #|
#TI )zf
Q L Q *Q J A y ? g F Q } y ? } FQ A y , p ? + y 9 g y ( G y u + t J A y
? " G z y Q w V 9 } v 9 G ! ? fQ S ) z f # + Z Z M A } y # + } FQ A } z y 9 % 9 t A !
x yP v ? } d " } y , p 9 $ 9 G ! ) z f Q V 9 % < b + ! , A y ? f ( } G } z y ? + } z g y
9 = | P + q " @ ( g <9 A * # *P y ? + " t A y ( z g z y R *R g y O = f x z } y ? " * O | , p , ; |
.,<Qgy
(AJ }zy &zy O=f x z}y
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
IQO
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
,LG
vv
Qh
vv
,R
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
aG
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
?+ "t AyGh e(zgzy R *R gy G O =f xz}yG ? "*O | U +FQ

{ *( TyG ~ + $G Q <E # < O} J |
.O
20
vv
vv
vv
vv
fC
vv
vvv$ 1431 /3 /20 V9 *Q yG
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
fE
vv
vv
vv
vv
IO
vv
vv
vv
vv
O h Ch
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv F
vv
vv
vv
vvF
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Z T;XA9 Z K?I9 Z :bN:

vv
$# ) }
v
#
(
+
,
. (
) +
#
)
$
, } , +! +
G
vv
vv
vv
vv
| ? = vQ } y
vv
vv
vv
vv
9t =aAy
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
OG
vv
vv
vv
}y
vv
vv
AG
| ~ iQ y
v
S9S
Ty
v
vv
vv
9w }y
vv
vv
vv
vv
zf ? |
zf
9 } g A S:
vv
vv
vv
# #*
#
)
$
,
) , "% (
#
* ,
(+ " + ,
}
+
# * , +
%*
) }
*(
+ ( #
u
(
+ +! +
+
# +
)
%!
v
.#
z*
vv
9tp
(% )
( ( (v
?g=ay
vv
vv
vv
?gS
vv
vv
vv
a@
vv
Gh
IO
D OJ@
v
vv
,I
9 @9 I
zf
|R y
vv
QAqy
vv
vv
vv
9|
vv
vv
vv
vv
SO
vv
?g=ay
v
+$
vvv
vvv
JG
vvv
9q}y
vvv
vvv
9ty
v
vvv
j@
vvv
vv
vv
zTy
? w
Gh
vv
vv
9w }y
+*
vv
IO
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
; zJ Ay
v
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
]qy
vv
vv
vv
]| Oty
vv
vv
9f
vv
| O Ogy
AJ| h S
v
. 1975
vv
vv
vv
Qh
vv
vv
vv
Q}< QC A
vv
vF
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
; OgAy
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
O f9 T | :9 w V
v
vvF
vv
vv
vv
tp
vv
vv
vF
x yP y
v
O| QTy
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
Bg\
vv
vv
? J qZy
J =y
p ? D J < ? y9 S
vv
h \
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
Qgy
vv
}y
OG
vv
Gh
vv
Ch
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
Ay
vv
? Qd y
Gh
vvv
vvv
I9
vvv
vvv
vvv
| 9I
vvv
< ? TJ|
v
9t|
v
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
QDv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
9 S 9 t y9 < 9 Y9 L 9 q Y
vv
vv
? q wzy 9}
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
x yP v
vv
vv
t @ ? z | 9 V ? s 9 sQ y
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
,d
9wV
vv
vv
vF
Qf
v
r \
vv
vv
vv
{ 9 T } z y 9 g |9 F 9 y 9 } F
{Wp Q
~ }Z@
vv
9 AL
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
JGA
vv
~@
vvv
vv
BzY
x yP y
vvv
vv
9W
vv
vv
?S
vvv
Ay
vv
vv
GQO
@ 9|
,J
}]A@
vv
U y
? _9 T <
vv
vv
9 S9 S
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
Qv
Bz
Q Y9 g } y
9G |
v
QL
y ? S9 S
Ay
v
h \
v
} z y ? t sO y
v
9s Qqy
v
vv
9 J 9< ?tzg A} y
v
vv
p ? QZ=y
vv
? <Q G A y
O Gy
v
9qi
v
OAy
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
?qTzqy
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
| 9ty
Ch
RA
v
,G
vv
vv
Q L
v
9 F9 g =
Gh
~ }ZA y
9g}y
vv
vv
9qY
RG
9W
O}f
v
vvvvv
} zg@
? = vQ } y
Ch
Gh
? z} f
vv
vv
vv
OG
vvv
vvv
h| 9
vv
}y
vv
{=s
v
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vvv
vv
yH
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
9 <
vv
vv
h \
vv
9g AS:
v
9Awy
zf
vv
9W
~@ Os
vvvvv
vv
JGA
9Av
tp
vv
vvv
vvv
9Awy
vv
vv
vv
? z<9s
v
vv
yh
B }]@
v(
# v
! # ( &+
, +
+
+ } *
, +
($
%
v
v
.
(
!
+ (
+ ( +
v
#
, & + }
% ( )
"
(
!
)
#+
#
+
+
v
, + (
+
)
} + (
.
vF
, *
+*
,
" !
+
Z@
OgA | K 9 qZy
H 9A
9]qy
Q=Ag@ 9
Py
vv
vv
*
"v
* " #+ " v
!
+ " #
(
%! +
}
+
+*
++
++
+
+
$ % !
$) +
. $
.,
! +
+
9 IQ V ? f
9Awy
QAt
| O <:
| O g< OI
+ ("
}V QDv
vvv
[ 9ZMzy ? = QGAy
9g| 9
vv
+ } *(
vvv
R Gv ? t=ay
v
vvv
| 9 <Q s Q D v
vv
vv
vv
| QDv
vv
+(
vvv
9t=ay
v
vv
{Wqy
vvv
;L
vv
| O Ogzy ? y
vvv
? aj@
hC
vv
hS
vvv
vv
9t =aAy
|R y
vv
vv
Otf
vv
QL
? p9 \
v
21
9 |O t @ Q D v
v
h \
v
}y
v
9|
v
? = vQ } y
v
9Awy
vv
vv
vv
P$
vv
~]$
vv
vv
Os
vv
SQG
Oy
vv
(w*
vv
vv
Og< 9%+y
fC
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
QaAy
vv
vv
vv
#w}+p 9%y
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
v
9"@ ~@
vv
vv
vv
. (A J| >f (AS
gG
Gh
, <; _
vv
vv
,Ay
vvv
vvv
(t*
vv
,H
vv
9Awy
vvv
, g s( @ 9 % v
fC
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
9Ts
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
)y
GQOE
vv
? *9 % ! , p
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
IO Q G
9Awy
vv
(y
vvv
vv
vv
P$ ,"zY
vv
vv
{ 9T}y
vvvF
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
,Ay
hC
vv
vv
9 f( } G |
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
( |}
vv
#|
vv
9=f Q+TqA<
JGQ
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
? ] |9 i
v
Q D v}
vvv
vvv
?}%=| K=Z@ E+J<
, y9 A y
vvv
vvv
vvv
{wWy
vvv
vvv
vvv
)y
vvv
9 !9 + I
v
Q+=v ?F
v
9$ Q+j*
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
fC
hC
,y)
)y
QO
3.86
JG
QZAM}y
v
:H
9 %} + } Z @ ~A *
OMAT@
v
?y 9g}y
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
uAV
vvv
vvv
9 %+p
{D| 9+=T!
Gz
vvv
vvv
vvv
( za}z y 9! 9 +<
v
( S ?=v Q|
?+qY
IO
vvv
vvv
vvv
9|
?+ G%"|
hh
:V
Qqy
IO
9}y
v
? !9 A |
Rh
9G A@
v
fC
.
?+\
v
)zf
QC
;L
vv
.9 % + y
vv
vv
vv
9 } A f :9 <
v
vv
vv
vv
3.86
fC
vv
?y 9 g}y
(y
: r+z y
eR
( IQ W *
(zZ*
9 } ]y
fC
vv
vv
vv
u AV
;ay
9J* ,Ay
vv
Q Jy
v
? yz T } y
?g+=_
{w W<
aGh
O $}
vv
( IQ W *
v
v
# | h s( @
aG
,jC
RF OF
v
? "\ 9J y
IO
fC
vv
9}y
>z ay
v
v
? !9 A | ? = v Q } y
9 !z p
,$ 9|
vv
xy
v
f hC
)zf
O=* #*
vv
v
~ % + z f > F( A *
? p9 \
~G Jy
vv
vv
Q |}
v
Ih
;f
v
# | ? + 9 *R + p
vv
vv
vvF
vv
vv
vv
P % < ~ % |9 + s
v
.{ J y
m
k
? + p Q W A S:
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
?*
vv
Qy
vv
# | 9 f( !
vv
.:9 } v
vv
vv
(=TAw*
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
fC
;ay
vv
vv
#| O*
vv
vv
9!
QC
vv
Ch
vv
vv
?g+=_ )y
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
xyP < , " f

v
QDv
{wW< ["y
v
( } % q * , v ? <( z a } y
v
? yz T } y
~%y
9"@ O"f
v
x
m
k
q
9 S9 T I
vv
vv
vv
fh Q
(a* ~%zgG+S 9}|

vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
? yz T | { v ? + $9 | ) z f
vv
vv
vv
? =S 9"} y
v
9s }
v
v
h s( @
vvv
vvv
.~ % q y
Ch
vvv
O MA S
v
~ A*
9]*
fC
vvv
vvv
9 t z y 9 $Q + T q @ ~ A * : , A y
v
~ % @9 d I; |
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
QgV
fC
Ch
(+y
vv
vv
vv
JGA
9W!
v
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
xV ;<
vvv
vvv
,c
QA@
vvv
vvv
Gh
R vQ *
vv
vv
~ $O *
fC
v
?= vQ }y
Gh
vv
OG
vv
( }y
v
IQ h
Q+S
v
(g]*
vv
vv
vv
fC
;L
v
v
h s( @
vv
.9 % " |
9 !z p
~ y9 f , p
vvv
vvv
vv
(aL {v
v
9}v
vv
vv
(qZ*
v
? + 9 *R + p
vv
vvF
vv
vv
vv
(wW| ?}+s
vvv
( IQ W *
v
O f9 s
vv
vv
vv
vv
9t=y
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
fC
{zf
JGP
vv
vv
vvv
;ay
v
JG
)t=@
vvv
JGP
vvv
vvv
# | x yP v
vv
vv
fC
vv
vv
Q+Tq@ ?aS (<

vv
( } z g @ 9 } f ? yz T | { v ? *9 % ! , p ~ % @ 9 F9 A " A S
v
?*
vv
QG
vv
Q } A S:
vv
9 + I}
vv
vv
Q!
vv
,G
Pw$
vv
vv
( A T| # | , $ 9 % y ? | ;y
v
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
{F
vv
#|
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
~ % @9 t + z g @
Gh
O+F 9=* O@ {wW@

vv
vv
9=zaA}y
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
P$
vv
n
k
9 p9 Z@
? + = y 9 i , p & |R z + S { 9 T } y
vv
v
xz@ ~dg|
QD v }
Ojy
~y 9f
Qwp {+zJ@
vv
vv
( z T<
l
l
vv
Gh
. ? +Tp9 "A y9<

u+}f
,"!
QC
O + F ( J ! ) z f B W s( ! , A y
9%<
vv
vv
9 s }9 p
vv
( T y :9 G |
v
{D|
vv
{I
vv
m
k
? yz T } y
{ |9 v { w W <
v
eG
vv
v
h s( @
k
q
vv
vv
vv
.K + J Z y
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
9 + \ 9 *Qy
v
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvF
Gh
vv
vv
? G y9 g |
vv
vv
vv
dh
#f u+s
vv
9 " Ay
v
vv
vv
vv
EJ<
vv
?z % S :
v
vv
vv
9}v
vv
vv
fE
l
l
{Jy
vv
vv
?+"g}y
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Wh
QWzy
vv
vv
vv
? a +T < B T+ y { 9 T } y
v
vF
x + !9 w + } y
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
{Zp ,p ?!
vv
vv
vv
vv
Q } y9 < ? t z g A } y
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
22
(zJy
vv
vv
vv
9 " D A S9 <
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Q + L}
vv
vv
rZy
vv
vv
9%"|
vv
vv
vv
v
#vwvy( xvyP #v| )vzvfC f(vwv* f C >vGv* i(vAvTv}vyG f E Kv\G(vyG #v| Ev+vI ,jhQvwv+v}vyG
q
q
#v| )v!O}G i(vAv Tv}v yG JGP a(v qv Zv yG ,vp 9v%v +vav Mv @ #v wv }v * ?v !hQv }v y9v < ?v tv zvgv Av}v yG e9vTv s}G
.)H (za }yG

x
o
q
?vv+vvSGQOvvyG ,vv@9vvtvvzvvI GhQvv]vvI #vv*Pvvy G U9vvMvvV~vvy jQvv*Ovvtvv@ #vvf Qvv=vvfC fC ,vv!QvvTvv*
,vp
1995
e 9vf )vyE
1971
e 9vf #v| GOGOvAv|G ?vtvzvI
80
)vzvf 9v$OOvf Ov*Rv* ,vAvyG IQv+vZvtvyG
)vzvf GhOvf9vS Ovtvp ,?vI(vAvqv}vyG #vv9v|}G ,vph J9vvQvWvyG iOvyh ?v+v|(vwvJvyG JGQv=vAvMv}vyG
xvy P Bvzvgvp 9v}vv ,~v%v@9vtv+vzvgv@h ~v%vAvzv8vSC uv*Qv_ #vf ?v+v!9vDvyG ?vgv=vavyG gPv$ {vwvV {v* Ovgv@
o
v
iOv | )v zv f 9v %v +v p Bv SQO ,v Av yG , #v *Qv Wv gv yG )v zv f 9v $OOv f OGR ,v Av yG ?v +v gv |9v Gv y G a(v qv Zv yG
JG( "S
q
k
~v %v @ AGQv s )v zv f A9v "v < ~v %v @ 9v Jv +v Jv Zv @h ~v %v @9v IQv Av tv | ,v y G(v |Ov s #v *Pv yG xv 8v yhC Qv wv VC
q
k
q
,vvp G(vv}vv$9vvS #vv*PvvyG xvv8vvy h} jQvv*Ovvtvv@ #vvf Qvv=vvfC fC 9vv]vv* C ,vv!QvvTvv* h

k
{vFC #v| )>vavy G ,vp Q(vAvvO 9v+vy 9vI (v$h(

l
(Patric Barr)
.) y
vv h }G ?vvgvv=vvavvzvvy
Q9v< xv*Qv@ 9v< : #v+vAvgv=vavyG 9vAvzvv
, ?v+v!9vDvyG ?vgv=vavyG ,vp 9v%v"v| ~vTvs eOvMvAvSG ,vAvyG , )vyh} G ?vgv=vavyG ,vp ?v+vJv+v\ (vAvy G e(vSQvyG
(Ann Hardell)
{vv*OQ9vv$ fBh
Adobe Illustrator(
Q(vvAvv*QvvAvvS(vv+vvyE
HhOB Hvv|9vv!Qvv< ?vvavvS G(vv< ?vv+vvJvv+vv\ (vvAvvyG e (vvSQvvyG {vvFC #vv|
#vv*Q9vvv ,vvAvv"vv<Gh ,?vv+vv!9vvDvvyG ?vvgvv=vvavvyG ,vvp ?vv|OvvMvvAvvTvv}vvyG )

,
GML
vv vv yG [v !h
IBM
vvvv yG ?v_ (vavMv| 9v$R9vGv!E {vF C #v|
)vvzvvf IOvv*Ovvf A9vv+vvVC 9vv%vvAvvf9vv =vv_ {vvFC #vv|
Norma Guynn
(Karen Devens)
Uv "v+vqv*O
#vv*(vvi 9vv|Q(vv! ,vv@Qvv+vv@QvvwvvSh
.? = @9w y
9
+" +F Q +p ,Z Q (=Tv; <
1998 e9f
* C /f 9T +!
{ Q<
23
G ?y 6G
v 9 D Z K?I9 Z :bN:
vv h
,Ay
9} s >zaA@
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
OG
Q 9 ay
vF
(}y
vvv
vvv
Q=A g@
vv
vvF
fR
9W
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
OG
vv
(y
)y
vvvvv
vv
vv
# | ? + y9 D |
k
vv
vvvvv
vv
9t =aAy
vv
vv
IA
vvv
vv
{F
vv
9 TG y
v
vv
?= T
vv
vv
vv
fR
? = vQ } y
vv
(y
v
vv
vv
vv
)y
vvvvv
vv
OG
(} y
v
vvv
vvv
vvvvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
JGA
+ 9]qy
vF
9 = vQ } y
v
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvvF
Q i
vvv
vvv
OG
(}y
vvv
vvv
)y
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
h \
v
vvv
vvv
+ *
vv
vv
vvv
vv
)jh
vv
vv
vv
Qw }y
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
Of Q|
v
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
OI
vvv
vv
Gh
JG
vvv
#|
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
? |9 f
vv
vv
fRG
IG
}
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
+ $9 q } y ) z f
vvv
Qd
(A}y
v
vvv
(S
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
> y9 a y
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
* $( G y
v
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
(}y
vv
vv
vvv
hs
vv
vv
9Tv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vF
vv
vvv
Q=Ag@
vv
vv
vv
vv
"
?= T y ? y9 f
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
hQ
O}y
vvv
~@ Os
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
{p
v
vvv
vvv
9Ay
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
jh
vvv
Q Dv
9D}y
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
(y
v
vv
9f
vvv
vv
OI
v
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vvv
%y
vvv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
(}G }y
vvv
vv
(|
v
vv
QZt
vvv
( \( } y
? = vQ } y
vv
vv
?f
vvv
% q y , fO *
vv
Qv9 }y
$ #|
vv
vvv
OG
vv
vv
(y
vvv
+! 9 w+ }y
vv
vvv
fC
fE
(}zy
vv
vv
( } z y , w + !9 w + } y
vv
Q S
vvv
{ |9 v
#f
, I9" } y
Gh
vv
Gh
{}AW@
GQO
JGQh
vvv
vvv
?gS
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
) z f & |9 } A $
vvv
OG
vv
9 = vQ } y
{ <9 t | { z J A z y ? g S
vvv
;v
?S
?t Q ay
{wy
Gh
9Awy
vvv
,}+ TGy
vv
#|
+!9 w+ }y
vv
vv
vvv
?S
vv
OI
hC
vvv
vvv
.? y9 g p 9 % + p ? = vQ } y
(} y
vvv
+"ZAy
vv
OG
(} y #|
%c
vv
:9 G } y
vv
vvv
Gh
.? = v Q } y
($
vv
vvv
+ !9 w + |
vv
Qw }y
($
h \
vvv
.. .,
vv
vvv
vvv
Q}y
vvv
(y ,p
vvv
~ }ZAy
hC
r Qg@
E I
9g}y
OG
vvv
* #y
aQ
? = vQ } y
vvv
vv
* (A y #| (Zt}y
? t=ay
~ Ot@ ~A
vv
9G}zy ? Q
v
(t}y
vvv
jh
,J
#| #+"C
vvv
vvv
+ !9 w + } y
vvv
vvv
? = vQ } y
.N y
? S9 S
vvv
Q 9ay
,p
Gh
Q i ?
,p
:9 G } y
vvv
vv
hs
(|
vv
vvv
?t t Jy
vv
u sO y
G(
K FQ } y
fC
vv
# } \ ? + fQ q y
{ }
jC
(|
, I9 " } y
h aA T
9}|
vv
{ <9 t |
jC
+ !9 w |
vv
vvv
SQ
? 9A|
[MV
fC
vv
9]qy
% +
) zf 9% " |
vv
.?+y9 Jy
{ =S
(}y
? 9 A} y
vvvvv
( z y ? S9 T I ? + F ( } !
9W! ?+
v
9 % < R + } A @ , A y # S9 J } y { j A T @ 9 | O " f
fR
?qz AM| ?t Qa< 9 } }Z@ ~A S ?

v
vv
?qzw@ E I
{ w W < ? = vQ } y
v
o
n
JG
vv
(zTzy
vv
vv
vv
vv
$ #f
:9 G } y
vvv
vvv
vvv
^ Qgy
vv
vv
vv
K=Z
vvv
vvv
vvv
* ,v
vvv
O O f ? |9
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
h \
vvv
vvv
(|
vvv
Bzqi
vvv
vvv
vvv
.x y
vvv
)zf
vvv
Q}AT|
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
9D}v
vvv
vvv
vvv
+ }9 <
9 y
vvv
vvv
vvv
.O I
v
{F
vv
Gh
, g |9 F , S
v
#|
vv
? A <9 C
vv
vv
vv
GQO
O f9 s
vv
vv
)zf
x
{ g q y9 < Q p( @
{Zp
v
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
9Awy
?y
vv
"
,p
v
9 A}y
vv
vv
vv
25
vv
?g=A}y
"
9t y
vv
vv
vv
? ajAy
fE
QZAt@
v
(ty #w}*
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
fC
9w|
xy
vv
9<
~i
vv
x
?v *QGQvv}vvAv S:G #vv||v @ Evv+vvJv < ?vv*9vv"v gvv< JQvv+vvAv LG Ovvsh ,?vvtv I : K9vvJv <Ch J9v SGQOv < e9vv+v tvvyG
k
v
)vvvzvvvf UQvvvJvvv* {vvvwvvvWvvv< ?vvvShQOvvv}vvvyG IO9vvv}vvvyG A9vvvtvvvAvvv!G ~vvv@ ,xvvvy P )vvvzvvvf Ih;vvvf
.fRG(vvvAvvvyGh
Ovv+vv_(vv@ {vvFC #vv| xvvy Ph ,?vv<QvvGvvAvvy Gh ?vv*Qvvdvv"vvyG #vv+vv< ?vv!Q9vvtvv}vvyG #vv| ?vv+vvy9vvf ?vvFQO Q9vv%vvcE
m
.?a ="A T}y G
J9 * Q d " y G , p ? t D y G
xvvv+vvv!9vvvwvvv+vvv}vvvyG #vvv| IOvvvAvvv}vvv}vvvy G hvvv+vvv\G(vvv}vvvyG ?vvvzvvvTvvvzvvvS {vvv|9vvvv H9vvvAvvvwvvvy G ,vvvp BvvvGvvvy (vvvf
k
)v zv f ?v zv Dv |}Gh ,v tv =v av yG ,Kv +v qv Zv Av yG ?v *Qv dv "v < GQhQv | jhQv v9v }v yG xv +v !9v wv +v }v y Gh jhQv wv +v }v yG
?vv+vvF9vv*Rvv+vvqvvyG ?vvy:Ovvy G f(vvwvv@ Evv+vvJvv< ,9vv$RGRvvAvv$Gh 9vv%vvF9vvgvv=vv!Gh ?vvJvv+vvqvvZvvyG A9vv"vvJvv!G {vvF9vvTvv|
v
?v=vvQv}vyG OG(v}vy G #vf ?v]v+vqvAvTv| ?v|Ovtv| OvGv! ,dh}G {vZvqvyG ,vqvp
, ,vv!9vvDvvyG {vvZvvqvvyG ,vvph
.?vv"vv$GQvvyG ?vv+vvF9vvWvv!
G J9vvtvv+vv=vvavvAvvyG ,vvp 9vv%vvy9vv}vvgvvAvvSG )vvyE hvvp GOvvy Gh

o
G J9vvvs ;vvvf Bvvv\ Qvvvf
, OG(vvv}vvvzvvvy ?vvv+vvvSOvvv"vvv%vvvyG Bvvv<G(vvvDvvvyG hvvv| ?vvvs 9vvvsQvvvzvvvy d9vvvgvvvqvvv!G - O9vvv%vvvF

q
v
&v +vvp ~v Av p ,Evvy9v Dv yG {v Zv qvvy G 9v |C
.?vJv\Gh ~v+v$9vqv}vzvy
.?v +v =v *Qv GvvAv yG Hv F9v Av "v y9vv< ?v !9v Av }v yG
J9v *Qvvdvv! xv yPv v Bv !Q(v s h
OG(v }v yG xv +v !9v wv +v | ?v <Q9v tv | 9v }v $ ?v <Q9v tv | ,v Av tv *Qv _ ?v av SG(v < jhQv wv +v }v yG xv +v !9v wv +v }v yG ~v *Ov tv @
v
~vv+v tv yG hvv| (Predicted Moduli) ?v gvvs(v Av }vvy G Uvv+vv*9v tv }v yG Bv !Q(v s 9vv}v v
.?v !hQv }v yG ?v <Q9v tv |h

o
rv+v"vZv@ bvavMv}v< ?v!9vgvAvS:9v< Kv+vqvZvAvyG ?v*Qvdv! hv<G QvyG {vZvqvyG ,vp Bv\Qvfh
.?vTv+vtv}vyG
v
hv | ,?v +vtv =v avy G ?v Jv +v qv Zv yG IA9v Tv Gv y ?v gv s(v Av }v yG ~v +v tv yG Bv !Q(v sh ,?v +v tv =v av yG Kv F9v qv Zv zvy Ov * Ov F
k
)vyE ?vp9v\
9v< ,?v+vtv=vavyG ?vJv+vqvZvyG ?v!9vAv| ~v+v$ 9vqv| 9v]v*C BvWvs(v! 9v}vv ,?v+v=v*QvGvAvy G HvF9vAv"vyG
o
SQO , Uvv|9vvMvvyG {vvZvvqvvyG ,vv ph
p
.~vv+vv}vvZvvAvvyGh
?vv+vvtvv=vvavvyG KvvF9vvqvvZvv yG #vv+vv< 9vv| JGO9vv%vvF
Kv +v qv Zv @ JGRv +v }v | eGOv Mv Av S9v < ?v _9v Tv =v < IOv "v Tv | ?v Jv +v qv Zv y RGRv Av $:Gh L9v gv =v !:Gh A9v "v Jv !:G
JGP ?v y zv Tv | ,v p IA9v Tv Gv y G J;v |9v gv | bv <G Qv @ JGQv +v Czv @ Q9v %v cE {v FC #v | ?v qv zv Av Mv | ?v +v tv =v _
>vvvgvvvAvvvyG {vvvDvvv| SO9vvvTvvvyG {vvvZvvvqvvvyG ,vvvp ?vvvf(vvv"vvvAvvv| hvvv+vvv\G(vvv| BvvvGvvvy(vvvfh

k
x o
#vvf J9vvtvvJvvzvv}vv< H9vvAvvwvvyG OhR ,GQvv+vvL Ch
.,vv!9vv\QvvgvvyG
.,vvvF9vvv*Rvvv+vvvp
)vvv"vvvgvvv|
[vvtvvy G Q9vvCBh QvvTvvwvvyG xvv+vv!9vvwvv+vv|h

x
9vv+vv!Ovvy G OhOvvJvvyGh ?vv+vv}vvdvvf}G OhOvvJvvy G #vvfh ,)JGQ(vvTvv"vvAvvyG ( JGQvv@(vv}vvyGh J9vvp(vvqvvZvv}vvyG

q
.?+FP (} !
d 9 gq ! G v v v v v O 9 %FE J 9+ "J"| # f h , O+Ih Q +jA | J : G Oy
k
k
e A;vvAvv* &vv!C : E ,9vv+vvgvv|9vvF 9vv<9vvAvvv f(vvwvv * ,vvv ,vvTvv+vvFQ {vvwvvWvv< H9vvAvvwvvy G GPvv $ >vvAvvv
m
k
, xvvvyPvvvy 9vvvtvvvph h
.?vvv=vvvvQvvv}vvvyG
k
k
OG(vvv}vvvzvvvy ?vvv+vvv@GPvvvyG ?vvvS GQOvvvyG {vvvF C #vvv| ;vvv+vvvyO f(vvvwvvv+vvvy GOvvv+vvvF
f(vvwvv@ : Ovvs 9vv%vv!C hvv| , ?vv+vvS 9vvS}G ~vv+vv$9vvqvv}vvyG Kvv\(vv@h ?vvavv+vvTvv< ?vv\ hQvvgvv}vvyG J9vv*Qvvdvv"vvyG
k
v
Uv+vyh ,?v+v=v*QvGvAvyG HvF9vAv"vy9v< ?v!Q9vtv| {v+vy 9vJvAvyG )vzvf e9v}vAv$:G Rv+vvQv@ ~v@ Ovtvy
k
n
k q
.?vsO
QvDvv}G
Bvs(vyG ,vp y9vFGhQ QvDvv}Gz Qv=vAvgv@ ,vAvyG OG(v}vy G )vzvf ?v=vZv"v}vyG J;v+vzvJvAvyG KOvIC )vzvf
q
q
9v%v@9vfGQv| JQvF ?v+v}v+vzvgvAvyG aG Ov$ }G #vwvy ,?vsOvyG [vtv!C Ovs GPv$ f(vwv* 9v}v<Q
26
.#v$GQvyG
?S
v
GQ
Oy
v
OtA|
v
-O
vv
vv
Q i ?
v
+%
T@ { F
GQO
Qt|
v
vv
vv
vv
Q}y
v
dh
vv
vv
}f
vv
vv
"
vv
vv
vv
* $(
Q
p ?F
vv
#
+
| O Ogy
vv
vv
vv
xy
v
vv
vv
vv
vv
?p9\
+ %!
Zs
vv
9}S
v
vv
vv
vv
vv
} Qv
vv
vv
~i
fC
vv
vv
vv
qZy
(!
vv
&+
9Awy
v
9tzI
.? J
( *
) #+ *
G QO
F 98 V BT y 9
QO
GP
9 A @ ? sQ q A | ? S
? pQ g | Q = A g @
zf {}AW@ ? qzL
.9
Py
| hF Q}y
9 s; f
#
)
QW gy
v
eG
( }
f
O|
v
9T@
vv
vv
z f ? zD |
#+ (
} , & % )
. ("
q AS
vv
vv
vv
vv
9<
(*
vv
Q<
vv
9|
vv
( (
vv
vv
A vO y
vv
vv
vv
A vO y
vv
vv
Gh
(%
vv
vv
vv
vv
|9 y
JG
A vO y
vv
Delaware Q
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
(%
#
#
(
hC
vv
vv
}y
vv
Q AW
v
vv
vv
9MV
vv
vv
vv
9w |
vv
vv
? C; C
9L {wW< QwV
vv
vv
*(
vv
vv
vv
Gy
ty
@9
vv
vv
OG
& %+ ( )
;L
vv
vv
? t I; y
I 9 }y
{w W<
*.
+! + ,
} +
!
v
, "
(
W
9g <
Q|
9 Aw y
O Of
vv
zf
OG
iQ|
Gy u }gy
vv
? g |9 F
9G
vv
vv
vv
OI
"$
vv
9gq
v
|Os
zf
O f QL
vv
* !
(
fh
(Steve) r A S
.{ ] p
} ]@
#v
)
(
? Qd
.
(Dr. Stephen W.Tsi)
9 ty
vv
p 9<
vv
zf
9v
vv
vv
vv
fC
#
+ }
| Q= M|
zf
,I
Q L
Q Ot@
vv
O hC
vv
vv
O<
vv
Ch
(Dr. R. Bryon Pipes) U = 9 <
vv
vv
vv
," *
(Dr. Thomas Cruse
v
# *
(
+
(
#*
Aircraft
"$ ) * . +
$
+
, ( $
x
+ "*
" # (Marvin Howeth) * $ # +
)
# Texas
, (Forth Worth)
( , General Dynamics
*
(
, ,
# (John Pimm) + ( )
+
*
, (
# LTV Aerospace Corporation) # * ( (
(
# (Nicholas Pagano) (!
( +! (
)
4.7
+ . (
)
+ + (
} # +
# *(
(
, + + (
} ( # *
# * *
#
*
# (Dr. B. Walter Rosen)
.
(
) +
4.6
*+
( , Materials Sciences Corporation # * ( ( + "*
3.5
, (
# Pennsylvania +! + "+ , (Blue Bell) +
x
,! ( "+ +
+ (" +
# ("
*
!
(Westport)
(
* #
Technomic Publishing Company, Inc
+ + !(
!#
{
# (Connectticut)
,
% + + (
,
+ (" +
*
Pratt and Whitney
J
9 d I; } y
vvv
vvv
Py
vvvv
vvv
,H
Uw
vvvv
vvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvv
vvvv
|9
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvvv
vvv
fh
dG
OG
vvv
9Awy
vvvvv
IQ
Zy
vvv
| Q=AM|
v
Q <
vv
vv
vvvv
vvvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvvv
JG
vvv
vvv F
]J@
vvvv
vvvv
|O s
Q <
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvvv
?_
vvv
vvvv
vvv
vvv
vvvv
vvvv
KQ h h
vvvvv
vvvvv
<
vvv
fh
aM}y
9S
vvvv
vvv
QL
vvvv
vvvv
vvv
vvvvv
vvvv
9 i9 <
Gh
? J \
vv
vv
vv
Ay
vv
Zy
v
vv
vv
9wV
vv
vv
| O Ogy
v
vvv
vvv
Eh
vvvv
vv
{F
v
vv
vv
vvvvv
vvv
A vO y
v
vvvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvv
Q v
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
QwV
vvvv
vvvv
q}y
vvvv
vv
gQ
vvv
vvvv
Os
vvvv
Y { F
vvvvv
vvv
Eh
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
Gy
vv
~Tty
? g |9 F
vvvvv
v U =S
vvvvv
<
GQ
vv
vvvv
t=
O O g y
vv
vvvv
vvv
Sh
| Q Dv {F
Py
vvv
vvvv
;I
GQ
vvvv
gF
p 9|
vvv
Eh
vvv
vvvv
KQ
vvvvv
9wV
v
vvvv
vvvv F
O=y
vvvvv
vvv
Q 9 _
vv
JG
vv
Ay
hh
vvvv
vvv
A vO y
vv
vvvv
9| Q
vvvvv
vvv
9Tw@
vvv
vvv
IO
vvvv
{F
p ? J \
vvv
vvvvv
vvvv
| O Ogy
? vQ V
dE(
vvv
vvvv
vv
ty
vv
vv
| U= 9<
v
vvv
z<
vv
QAy
fRhQ
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
hh
vv
Qtq y
Zy
IQ
{F
vv
vvv
A vO y
vvv
vvv
<
GQ
vv
vvv
v R T
vv
vv
vv
vv
9qz T
vvv
vv
vvv
9S
vv
<
Ch
~Tty
vvv
9 Q @9 |
vv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
? vQ V
vv
vv
{ <
vv
9=|
vv
vv
vv
v k
vv
vv
vv
W z <9 < x |
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
JQ
vvvvvvvvvvvvv
vv
vvvvvvvvvvvvv
vv
vvvvvvvvvvvvv
vv
w @
vv
vv
vvvvvvvvvvvvv
? vQ V
vv
vv
vvvvvvvvvvvvv
vv
vv
vv
}}y
vv
vv
fP
9]
vv
vv
Os
vv
vv
Ch
.)
9Awy
vv
vv
vv
} \ ? f9 = _
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
IO
9f <
vv
vv
9}Ty
vv
vv
vv
{F
vv
Bw Aw
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
x |
vv
vv
vv
w @ ? vQ W y
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
O Ogy
vv
vv
vv
>Awy
vv
vv
vv
27
p 9 t <9 S
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
c ? J \
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
9wV
vv
vv
Of
vv
x yP v . Q + L}
vv
vv
? *( G y
vvvvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
(ty
vv
vv
O *O g y
vv
vv
vv
vv
x + !9 w + } y H |9 !Q <
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
JG
?+}zgy
,p
vv
vvvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
("Ty
vv
vv
? *Q J = y
vvvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vv
; L (Journal of Composite Materials) ? z G |

vv
vv
9 J <} > A w |
vv
vv
vv
;S
vvvv
vv
vv
& |O s
vv
vv
P y ~ fO z y O F
vv
9J< >Aw|
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vv
(h
vv
)A
vv
vv
9]qy
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vv
vv
t
#A}|
vv
vv
zf
vvvv
9!
vv
vvvv
vv
I QG OE
B W s( !
vv
vv
,Ay
vv
vv
?+S Oy
vv
vv
GQ
,p
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
,Ay
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
Qp (y
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
9%"|
vvv
vvv
vvv
JG
Qp
v
;_
vv
9t=ay
vv
vv
vv
vv
)y
vv
Q vP } y
vv
vv
vv
O <:
fC
IO
vv
vv
9]*
vv
vv
vv
vvF
# *O |
vv
vv
vv
9!
vv
vv
? + <( " G y B T *
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
QGh
(T}y
? *9 % " y
v
vv
QAT+"+|
JGO
O g A | K 9 q Z y9 < u z g A } y
vv
vv
vv
,p
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
(Marty Kunkle)
vvv
R F ? f9 = a < B } s
o
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
, " !z <
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvv
9i
v
{ w !9 v
vvv
vvv
~zgy h| P$
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
9Ty
vv
9Awy
vvv
SO
vv
vv
vv
? *Q J = y
vv
vv
vv
(D+| ,p
,p
zf
Q *( a @
.
vv
vv
Ch
& @9 } $9 T | ) z f (Harold S. Morgan)
? f9 = a < 9 % | 9 + s
vvv
Gh
vv
9 Y9 L Qw V
v
vv
vv
, p (Warminister)
vv
vv
(qZy
?+T* OAy
(Southern Methodist)
9 + !9 q z + T " + <
vv
hs (ty
vv
vv
,DJ< )y
vv
vv
vv
vv
U |9 M y
Gh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
;S
vv
vv
fG
vv
vv
vv
vv
P $ r + yz @
(|
vvv
vv
Oy
v
hQ
@ 9| {F
Q
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
28
vv
vv
vv
,p
vv
Q+Dwy
vv
vv
vv
vv
9$ {F
v
vv
vv
vv
)zf
vv
,p
v
vv
vv
vv
JO
#|
9s
v
v
R+}|
v
? f( " A } y
)zf
vvv
vv
~ $Q = Y
vv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
Gh
? _( a M } y
vvv
vvv
.L .e .Q
9W!
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vvF
,p
vv
? *9 % " y
? = @9 w y ? y 6
vvv
vv
)y
Q + _ Q *( a @ R v Q |
; L ~ % @O f 9 T |
vv
#+zZqy
? !9 t A y O % g |
vv
)!
vvv
vvv
vvv
,Tq"<

7KH:KDW

FRPSRVLWH FRPSRVLWH

PDWHULDO
PDFURVFRSLF VFDOH

PLFURVFRSLFVFDOH

x

x
x

>@ $ * + 'LHW]

SVL
SVL
SVL

GLVORFDWLRQV

( ? 6 ?

(
LQ
0P
6

LQ
NP

OELQ
N1FP

6

OELQ
*1FP

(

6

(

OELQ
*1P

>@'LHW]

UD\RQ
SRO\DFU\ORQLWULOH3$1 SLWFK
& )
&

ILEHUWHQVLRQ

ILEHU PRGXOXV

ZLVEHU

SVL
SVL SVL

GLVORFDWLRQV
GXFWLOH

(
LQ
0P

(

OELQ
*1P
6(
LQ
NP
6( 67

OELQ OELQ
*1P *1P

OELQ
N1P

%&

6L&

$O2

&
6XWWRQ 5RVHQ DQG )ORP >@

6RFLHW\RI3ODVWLF(QJLQHHUV-RXUQDO

PDWUL[

!
! EUDQFKHG
FURVV OLQNHG OLQHDU

WKHUPRSODVWLF
WKHUPRVHWV
VHPLFU\VWDOLQH

2
&KDOOHQJHU

VRIWHQHG
KDUWHQHG
SRO\VXOIRQH

SRO\LPLGHV 3KHQROLFV

>@

N1P OELQ 1DUPFR

SVL*3D SVL
*3D SVL*3D
*3D

GLIIXVLRQ
LQILOWUDWLRQ ERQGLQJ

VOXUU\

ODPLQDWHG

ELPHWDOV

$ $
$ % %

%
%$

FODGGLQJ

KLJKVWUHQJWK

VKRUW IDWLJXH
VLUFXLWVRUVKRUWV

VDOYDJHYDOXH

EULWWOH

SRO\YLQ\OEXW\UDO

YHU\WRXJK

ODPLQDWH

IRUPLFD
NUDIW SDSHU

.HYODU

SDUWLFXODWH FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDOV

UHLQIRUFHGFRQFUHWH

IODNHV

SRO\XUHWKDQH

RSWLPL]H

VKDYLQJ
FKLS

OLTXLG VLQWHULQJ

DFHUPHW

KRPRJHQHRXV
LVRWURSLF

QRQKRPRJHQHRXV LQKRPRJHQHRXV

KHWHURJHQHRXV
QRQLVRWURSLF
DQLVRWURSLF
RUWKRWURSLF

VWHS

IXQFWLRQ

<RXQJ
V PRGXOXV
3RLVVRQ
V UDWLR

$670

JDJH

ZKLVNHUV

ODPLQD

ODPLQDWH

ODPLQDH

ODPLQDWH

PDQGULO

URYLQJ

SUHLPSUHJQDWLRQ
SUHSUHJ

EDFNLQJ
UROO

*HQHUDO'\QDPLFV

OD\XS
OD\LQJ ZLQGLQJ

PROGLQJ

PDQGULO

3UHFXW

UDGRPHV

FORVH WROHUDQFHV
5HVLVV7UDQVIHU 0ROGLQJ 570

VKHHWV

6WUXFWXUDO&RPSRVLWHV,QGXVWULHV

)

*HQHUDO'\QDPLFV
VKHHW PROGLQJ FRPSRXQG 60&

)

*HQHUDO'\QDPLFV

FRQWLQRXV H[WUXVLRQ

H[WUXVLRQ

1RQGHVWUXFWLYHO\,QVSHFWHG1',

)
&

JHO

DXWRFODYH

WKHUPRSODVWLF
PDWUL[

DXWRFODYH

7KLRNRO

@
>& )

UROOHU

FRFXULQJ

WKHUPRVHW

>@

SDUDPHWHUV

LQGH[

ELDQLDOO\ LVRWURSLF

r

r

6

6

NJ OE
NJ OE

NJ
NJ

KRJJLQJRXW

ZLQJ
VSDU
,
VSDU
ZLQJWLSV

NJ
NJOE

NJ OE
NJ OE

NJ

NJ OE

NJ
OE
x
NJ
OE
x
NJ
OE
x
NJ
OE
x
NJ
OE
x

OE\U[\U
NJ
OE x
NJOE
x
NJ OE
x

NJ OE

x

DHURG\QDPLFV

GHPRQVWUDWLRQ

5ROOV5R\V

/

VXSHUVRQLFWUDQVSRUW667

YHUWLFDO WDNH RII DQG
ODQGLQJ972/
)DWLJXH

)
)
/RFNKHHG *HQHUDO '\QDPLFV
)RUW:RUWK0DUWLQ

IRUJHG

>@'LDODQG+RZHWK

$

1RUWKURS 9RXJKW DLU EUHDNV
$*UXPPDQ
$

OE
ODWHUDO /RQJLWXGHQDO
NJ

$

$

NJ OE

$

6$
VSRLOHU
6$
IORS

$$

6$

FKHPPLOO

NJ OE
NJ

)
)
%RHLQJ 0F'RQHOO 'RXJODV
1RUWKURS

)&'

$9%
$9%

NJ OE

$9%

;$
;$

;$

%

)$
%

)
)

570

)

/
/

P IW

/

>@-DFNVRQ>HWDO@

/

>@$OYD>HWDO@

%XUW5XWDQ
5XWDQ$LUFUDIW)DFWRU\

6FDOHG&RPSRVLWHV

NJ OE

DXWRPDWHG

+LJK6SHHG &LYLO 7UDQVSRUW +6&7
&RQFRUGH 6XSHU6RQLF 7UDQVSRUWV667
7XSHORYH 7X

667V

+XEEOH6SDFH7HOHVFRSH

NP/
NP/

+HQU\ )RUG

&KHYUROHW&RUYHWWH

NJ OE
NJOE

VHGDQ )RUG/7'

NJ OE
NJ OE

$YLDWLRQ :HHN DQG 6SDFH
&LYLO 0HFKDQLFDO (QJLQHHULQJ 7HFKQRORJ\
(QJLQHHULQJ

$OEHUW*+'LHW]&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV(GJDU0DUEXUJ
/HFWXUH$PHULFDQ6RFLHW\IRU7HVWLQJDQG0DWHULDOVUHSULQWHG
ZLWKSHUPLVVLRQ
:LOODUG+6XWWRQ%:DOWHU5RVHQDQG'RQDOG*)ORP:KLVNHU
5HLQIRUFHG3ODVWLFVIRU6SDFH$SSOLFDWLRQV63(-RXUQDO1RYHPEHU
SS
6WUXFWXUDO'HVLJQ*XLGHIRU$GYDQFHG&RPSRVLWH$SSOLFDWLRQVYRO
0DWHULDO&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQQGHG$GYDQFHG&RPSRVLWHV'LYLVLRQ$LU
)RUFH0DWHULDOV/DERUDWRU\-DQXDU\
-RKQ)-XGJH&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV7KH&RPLQJ5HYROXWLRQ$LUOLQH
0DQDJHPHQWDQG0DUNHWLQJ6HSWHPEHUSSDQG
'''LDODQG06+RZHWK$GYDQFHG&RPSRVLWHV&RVW
&RPSDULVRQ3DSHUSUHVHQWHGDWWK1DWLRQDO6$03(6\PSRVLXPDQG
([KLELWLRQ$QDKHLP&DOLIRUQLD$SULO
$&-DFNVRQ-)&URFNHU-&(NYDOO55(XGDLO\%0RVHVLDQ
559DQ&OHDYHDQG-9DQ+DPHUVYHOG$GYDQFHG0DQXIDFWXULQJ
'HYHORSPHQWRID&RPSRVLWH(PSHQQDJHIRU/$LUFUDIW3KDVH,,
)LQDO5HSRUW'HVLJQ$QDO\VLV1$6$&5/RFNKHHG&DOLIRUQLD
&RPSDQ\%XUEDQN&DOLIRUQLD$SULO
)$OYD*%UR]RYLF%&DUWO5(XGDLO\-+HQNHO$-DFNVRQ5
-RKQVRQ%0RVHVLDQDQG52%ULHQ$GYDQFHG0DQXIDFWXULQJ
'HYHORSPHQWRID&RPSRVLWH(PSHQQDJHIRU/$LUFUDIW3KDVH,9
)LQDO5HSRUW0DQXIDFWXULQJ'HYHORSPHQW1$6$&5
/RFNKHHG&DOLIRUQLD&RPSDQ\%XUEDQN&DOLIRUQLD0D\

+RRNH
V ODZ

V L
& LM H M L M

&RPSRQHQWV V L
H M & LM [\]

WHQVRU

wX
wY
wZ
H
H
H

w[
w\
w]
wY wZ
wZ wX
wX wY

J

J
J
w] w\
w[ w]
w\ w[
]\[ZYX
J LM
H LM

LM H LM J LM

& LM

G:
V L G H L
G H L V L

G:
& LM V L G H L

:

& LM H L H M

w:
wH L
& LM H M

w:
wH L wH M
& LM

w:
wH M wH L
& ML
:
& LM
& ML

6 LM V L V M

LQYHUVH 6 LM
:

H L
6 LM V M L M

6 LM
6 ML

V
V

V

W
W

W
&
&

&
&
&
&
&
& &
&
& & & &

& & & &
& & & &
& & & &
& & & &

& H
& H
& H

& J
& J

& J

$QLVRWURSLF

WULFOLQLF

>@ 7VDL

V
V

V

W
W

W
& H
& H
& &
& H
& &

& & J

& & J

& J
& &

]
&
&

&

&
&
&

PRQRFOLQLF

3ULQFLSDO0DWHULDO'LUHFWLRQV30'

3ULQFLSOD
0DWHULDO&RRUGLQDWLRQ30&

V
V

V

W
W

W

H
& & &
&

H
& &
& & &

H

&
J

& J

& J

RUWKRWURSLF
J J J
V V V QRUPDO
&

WUDQVYHUVHO\ LVRWURSLF
VXEVFULSWV

V

V
V

W
W

W

& & &
&

& &
& & &

&

&

H

H
H

J
J

& & J

H
V & & &

V &
& &

H

H

V & & &
W

& &

J

W
J

& &

& & J
W

H
H

H

J
J

J
6 6
6
6
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 6
=
H
H

H

J
J

J
6
6
6
6 6
6 6
6 6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6 V
6 V
6 V

6 W
6 W

6 W

6 6
6
6
6 6

6 6
6
6
6

6

6
6

6
6

6 V
6 V
6 V

W
W

6 W

H
H

H

J
J

J
6 6
6
6
6 6

6
6
6

6

6

V
V
V

W
W

6 W

H
H

H

J
J

J
6 6 6
6
6 6
6 6 6

6

6

V
V

V

W
W

6 6 W

H 6 6 6
V
H 6
V

6 6

H 6 6 6
V

6 6

J
W
J
W

6 6

6 6 W
J

H 6 V 6 V 6 V 6 W 6 W 6 W

#
J 6 V 6 V 6 V 6 W 6 W 6 W
V V

H 6 V H 6 V H 6 V

J 6 V J 6 V J 6 V

6 z 6 z 6
6 z 6 z 6

6
6
6

6 6

V \

ODEHOHG
V V V 6 6 6
6 6 6
6 6 6

6 6 6 3RLVVRQ HIIHFW

6 6 6 6 6 6

6 6 6

6 6 6
6 6 6

6 6 6

FRPSOLDQFH

(
V [
V H
V Q
H \ H [
6 LM
& LM

(

Q
(

Q

(
6 LM
Q
Q
(

(

*

*
(

(

Q
(
Q
(

*
( ( (

Q LM
LM
L
Q LM
HM

HL
V V
* * *

2UWKRWURSLF

6 LM
6 ML
& LM

Q
Q ML
LM
L M L z M
(L ( M
5HFLSURFDO
Q Q Q

Q Q Q

Q Q

Q
H V
(
(
6XSHUVFULSWV

6XEHVFULSWV

'
/
'
(
Q
(
V /

Q
(
V H

V
(

'
Q
(
V / '
V/
(

Q Q
( ! (
' '

( (

'
'
%HWWL
V ODZ

Q
Q

&
&
&
6 6 6
6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6
&
&
6
6
6

6 6 6
6 6 6 6
6 6 6
&
&
6
6
6

&
&

6
6
6

6
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
6 &

& LM
6 LM

&
&
&
Q Q
&
( ( '
Q Q
( ( '
Q Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q
Q Q Q
( ( '
( ( '
( ( '
( ( '
&
&
( ( '
Q Q Q
( ( '
Q Q
( ( '
& * & * & *

'
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

( ( (
6 '

,VRWURSLF
Q (

*
(

Q
* (

Q !

V [
V\
V]
S S

T
H[ H \ H]

S
( Q

S

.
.
(

Q
.
( .

Q

! Q !

RUWKRWURSLF

>@/HPSULHUH

6 6 6 6 6 6 !

( ( ( * * * !

&& & & & & !

Q Q ! QQ ! QQ !

' Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q !
'HWHUPLQDQW

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Q LM
Q ML
(L
(M
L M

Q
(
Q
(
(
Q
(
(
(
Q
(
Q
(
(
Q
(
(

(

6 LM

(
(
(
Q
Q Q
(
(
(
Q Q Q

(
(
(
(
Q Q Q
Q Q
!
(
(
(
(
Q
Q Q
( (
(
(
Q Q Q Q
(
(
( (
Q
(
(
(
Q Q Q Q
(
(
(
(
(
Q Q

>@ 'LFNHUVRQ DQG 'L0DUWLQR

Q
*SD ( SVL
*3D (

(
(

Q
(

(
Q
Q

FRQYHUVH
Q PLQRU

Q

Q

V
W
W

V z V z W z

V

XQLGLUHFWLQDO
UHLQIRUFHG ODPLQD

H
6 V 6 V J
J

6
Q
(
Q
(
6
Q
(
Q
(

6

6
(
Q
(
H
H

J
6 6 V
6
6 V

6 W

Q

6

(
*
(
6

Q Q H

Q Q
6 6

V
V
W
4 4 H
4 4
H

4 J
4 LM

V
&LM
H
& &
4 LM & LM L M LM
&

&

4 LM

4
6
4
6 6 6
6
6 6 6
4
6
4
6 6 6

6
4

4

(
(
4
Q Q
Q Q
Q (
Q Q
Q (
4 *
Q Q

* Q ( (

Q
Q
(
(

H
H
J
V
V

6 6 W

Q
6
(
(

6 6
6
6

6
V
V
W
H
4 4
4
H
4
4 J

4
(
4
Q
Q(
4
Q
(
*
Q

* * ( (

* Q ( (

(
(

Q Q Q Q

W W

* *

( ( (

[ \ ]
FRV \ c \
FRV D [ c \ c ] c
] c ]

[\

V [ FRV T
VLQ T
VLQ T FRV T V

V \ VLQ T
FRV T
VLQ T FRV T V

W [\ VLQ T FRV T VLQ T FRV T FRV T VLQ T W

[ T

H
[
H \
J
[\

FRV T

VLQ T
VLQ T FRV T
VLQ T
FRV T
VLQ T FRV T

VLQ T FRV T H

VLQ T FRV T H
FRV T VLQ T J

[\

V [
V

V \ >7 @ V

W [\
W

H[
H

H \ >7 @ H
J
J
[\

>7
FRV T

VLQ T
VLQ T FRV T
VLQ T
FRV T
VLQ T FRV T
VLQ T FRV T

VLQ T FRV T FRV T VLQ T

> 5 @

>@5HXWHU

H

> 5 @ H
J

H[
H[

H \ > 5 @ H \
J
J [\

[\

H
H

J

VSHFLDOO\ RUWKRWURSLF ODPLQD

V [

V \
W [\

V
V

W
H
4 4
4
4 H

4 J

[\

V
V
W
H
>4 @ H
J

V [

V \
W [\

>7 @

V
V

W
>7 @ >4 @> 5 @>7 @> 5 @
7 >7

7

H[

H \
J [\

> 5 @>7
@> 5 @

WUDQVSRVH
4
>7 @ >4 @>7 @

7

[\
V [

V \
W [\

H[

4 H \
J [\

4 4 4 H [

4 4 4 H \
4 4 4 J [\

4 4 FRV T 4 4 VLQ T FRV T 4 VLQ T

4
4 4 4 VLQ T FRV T 4 VLQ T FRV T
4 4 VLQ T 4 4 VLQ T FRV T 4 FRV T

4
4 4 4 VLQ T FRV T 4 4 4 VLQ T FRV T
4
4
4 4 4 4 VLQ T FRV T 4 VLQ T FRV T
4LM
4 LM

4LM
4 LM

[\

JHQHUDOO\

RUWKRWURSLFODPLQD

H
H
J
6 6 V
6

6 V

6 W

H[

H \
J [\

>7 @
V [
>6 @>7 @ V \
W [\

>7
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 V [

6 V \
6 W [\
> 5 @>7

@ >5 @

6
6 FRV T 6 6 VLQ T FRV T 6 VLQ T
6
6 VLQ T FRV T 6 6 6 VLQ T FRV T
6
6 VLQ T 6 6 VLQ T FRV T 6 FRV T
6
6
6
6 6 6 6 VLQ T FRV T 6 VLQ T FRV T
6 LM

6 6 4 4

V
V
W
4 4 4 H

4 4
4 H

4 4 4 J

H 6 6 6 V
H 6 6 6 V
J 6 6 6 W

6

6
(
6
Q
(
Q
(
6

6
(
K K

6
*
K K

(
(
*
*

FRHIILFLHQWV RI PXWXDO LQIOXHQFH
>@/HNKQLWVNLL
L KL LM
LM
KL LM
HL

J LM
W LM

W
LM KLM L
L
KLM L
J LM

HL
V L
V
/HNKQLWVNLL

KL LM KLM L

&KHQWVRY FRHIILFLHQWV

6 6 6

NO PLM NO

LM
PLM NO
J NO

J LM
W LM
W
&KHQWVRYFRHIILFLHQW

P
PLM NO
NO LM

* NO
* LM

J
J

KV KV PW
*
KV K V PW

*

\ [

6 LM

[\
Q

FRV T
VLQ T
VLQ T FRV T
(
(
* (
Q

( [ VLQ T FRV T
VLQ T FRV T
( ( *
(

([
Q [\

(\
Q

VLQ T
FRV T
VLQ T FRV T
(
(
* (

* [\

Q

VLQ T FRV T

VLQ T FRV T
*
( ( ( *
K[\ [
Q
Q

( [

VLQ T FRV T
VLQ T FRV T
( ( *
( ( *
Q
Q

( \

VLQ T FRV T
VLQ T FRV T
( ( *
( ( *

K[\ \

T T

* * [\ ( ( [
QRUPDOL]DWLRQ

* [\
K[\ [
T
D
Q [\ T
D
D T
(\
( [ ( \
T D T

K [\ \ Q \[ D

( (
( [
( ( [
( [ (
T
D (

>@ -RQHV

K[\ [ Q [\ * [\

T

( ( D * * [\

* * [\
(
D

* [\
*
( ( D

(

( D RQWKHELDV
(

( D (

( ! ( D

( L

* LM
Q LM

KL LM

PLM NO

> @> @> 5 @

5 7
>7 @
7

> @> @ > 5 @
5 7

>7 @

T K [\ \ K[\ [ Q [\ * [\ ( \ ( [
T
D T
D
*SD ( *3D ( [3VL

Q *SD * SVL

@ T

>
(
([
D E FRV T E D FRV T D

( [ E

( * Q D

( (
( ( ( [
%
T
(
Q

T ( ( ( [
(
* !
> ( ( Q @
*

( [
( LQHTXDOLWLHV

* ( ( Q

(
( (

>@ 3DJDQR 7VDL

FRV VLQ

FRV VLQ SRZHU

4 8 8 FRV T 8 FRV T
4 8 8 FRV T
4 8 8 FRV T 8 FRV T
4

4
4

8 VLQ T 8 VLQ T

8 VLQ T 8 VLQ T

8 8 FRV T

4 4 4 4

4 4
8

4 4 4 4
8

4 4 4 4
8

4 4 4 4
8

8

4 4 4 4
]

4 8 8 FRV T 8 FRV T

4
8

8

WDLORULQJ
4

4
4

>@

8
4 4
8

4 4

8 8 8

8888
8

/ 4 4 4 4 4 4
8 8
/ 4 4 4 4 8 8

4 cLM 4 LM

4 c
FRV T VLQ T FRV T VLQ T

8
8
8
8
8
4 c
8
4 c
8
4 c
8

4 c
4 c
8

8

8
8
8
8

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8 8
4 LM 4 cLM

4 cLM 88

4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 ]

]
4 4
4 4 4 4
8 888 8 8

;
<

6

; SVL0SD
< SVL0SD

6 SVL0SD

SVL0SD
SVL0SD
SVL0SD

<

;W
;F
<W
<F

6

&KRX3DJDQR
>@

R

R

R

WHQVRU

$PEDUWVXP\DQ
>@

>@ -RQHV
>
@5HGG\%HUW>@%HUW

(
(
V V X

V
V X
H

H
H

H
*

( ( X X

;
<
6
<;

XQLD[LDO ORDGLQJ

V
3
(
$
V
X
H
H
;
H
3XOW

$
$
3XOW

$670'

$670'

$670 '

%RZ7LH

V
V
X
H
3
(
$
H
<
H
3XOW

$
3XOW $

X
X
(
(

6*

R

[ R

( [
3 $
H[

([
X

( ( * (
*
*

X

( [ ( ( (

R

*

6

6

[ 6

3 [\

3

>@

6DLQW9HQDQW

R

4
([

V [
( [ H [
V [ z

H \
V [
J [\
4 H [

4 ([
[

R 4
4 *[\ 4 ([
(( ([

([ 4

+DOSLQ 3DJDQR 4 ([
([
*
* ([

*[\([ 4 4

:KLWQH\
7 >@ 3LSHV 3DJDQR

7

S U W
7 XOW

W XOW
S U W
W
6

*
W

J

-RQHV>@ 7VDL +DKQ
>@ 0RUJDQ

6KRFNH\
>@ :DGGRXSV

[

6WDQVEDUJHU :KLWQH\

>@ +RZHOO

r

r
(
u
SVL
u
SVL
u
(
u
SVL
u
SVL
u

SVL

u
SVL
;W
u
SVL u SVL u SVL
<W
6
u
SVL
u
SVL
u
SVL
u
SVL
u
;F
u
SVL u
<F
u
SVL
u
SVL
u

u
SVL u SVL

SVL
u
SVL
SVL u SVL
*
u
SVL
u

u
SVL
SVL
u
SVL
SVL u
SVL
u
SVL
u
SVL
u
SVL
SVL

(
(

r

*

;W

<W

6

;F

<F

$670

SKHQRPHQRORJLFDO

\LHOGLQJIUDFWXUH

SODVWLFLW\

[

EULVWOH

-RKQ +DUW6PLWK
>@
;W ;F <W <F

;F ;W
<F<W
;F

\LHOGLQJ
GLVWRUWLRQDO

YRQ0LVHV

>@0XUSK\

[

>@

0SDNVL0SDNVL

>@7VDL

PD[LPXP VWUHVV IDLOXUH

FULWHULRQ

V ; W V < W

V ! ; F V !< F

_ W _ 6

LQHTXROLWLHV
6;W;F<W<F

>@

[
V
V[ FRV T V V[ VLQ T W V[ VLQT FRVT

[
; F V [ ; W
FRV T
FRV T
<F
<
6

V [ W _ V [ _

VLQ T
VLQ T
VLQ T FRV T

PD[LPXPVWUDLQIDLOXUHFULWHULRQ

H ; H H ; H _ J _ 6 H

H ! ; HF H !< HF

;W;F

<W<F
6

; HW < HW

H
H
J

V XV
(

V XV
(

W
*

V V [ FRV T
V
W

V [ VLQ T
V [ VLQ T FRV T

H
H
J

FRV T X VLQ T V [

(

VLQ T X FRV T V [
(

VLQ T FRV T V [
*

;W
<W
;F
<F
6
< HW
6H
; HF
< HF

; HW
(
(
*
(
(

;F
;W
V[

FRV T X VLQ T
FRV T X VLQ T

<F
<W

V[

FRV T X VLQ T
FRV T X VLQ T

_ V [ _

6
VLQ T FRV T

>@7VDL
7VDL+LOO

>@

* + V ) + V ) * V + VV * VV ) V V

/W
0 W 1 W

1 )*+/0 +LOO

1 )*+/0
>@ 6 ;<

6

1
6

* +

;

) +
<
=

) *
=

;<=)*+
)

*
+

< = ;
; = <
; < =

< =

V
;
V V
;
V
<

W
6

6 ;<
<F <W ;F ;W
VV W

6 W

V V [ FRV T
V
W

V [ VLQ T
V [ VLQ T FRV T

FRV T

VLQ T

FRV
T
VLQ
T

6 ;
;
<
V [

TXDGUDQW < ;

(
(

>@7VDL

(

;<6

(

+RIIPDQ
+RIIPDQ
>@

& V V & V V & V V & V & V & V

& W
& W & W
& L
6 6 6 ;W ;F <W <F =W =F

V W W

= W
< W = F < F 6 6

; F; W
V V
; F; W

< F< W
0SD ; F
;F ;W
< < W
W
V F
V
; F; W
< F< W
6

NVL ; F

<F
<W
< ; F
;W
;

HOOLSVRLFWV
V V VV W

E
< F< W

FRW

; F; W

V
; F ; W < F < W
< F < W ; F ; W < F< W

V

; F ; W

RULJLQ

@>@
>@ >
V V

V V

>@

>@.LP

>@&ROH3LSHV

7VDL:X

>@ :X 7VDL

)L V L )LM V L V M
L M
"

)LM )L
V
W V W V W

)V )V )V )V )V )V )V V

OLQHDU WHUPV

TXDGUDWLFWHUP
SDUDPHWHU

+
; )

; F ; W
0SD ; F
NVL

); W ); W

); F ); F

)
;W ;F
)

; W; F

)
<W <F
)

< W< F

)
; W
)

6
)

; F < W
< F
)

)
;
)

<

V
;
)V V
V
<
W
6

)

) )

V V
)

V
V

) ) V ) ) ) V

) ) ) )
)
)
)

)

;W ;F
;W;F

V

V
V ; W ; F < W < F
; W ; F < W< F

)

>@ )

V

V V
;
V
<
W
6

FRPSOLDQFHV

) >@
)

)

)
D T D
D T D

)

) )
$GHOPDQ 1DUD\DQDVZDPL

) >@

3LSHVWHQVRU

>@&ROH

>@ 6HQGHFN\M
1DQ\DUR 0DF'RQDOG 7HQQ\VRQ

>@

[

< ;

(
<F

(

< 6 ;

;

6WHSKHQ : 7VDL 0HFKDQLFV RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 3DUW ,,

7KHRUHWLFDO $VSHFWV $LU )RUFH 0DWHULDOV /DERUDWRU\ 7HFKQLFDO
5HSRUW$)0/751RYHPEHU

%0/HPSULHUH3RLVVRQ
V5DWLRLQ2UWKRWURSLF0DWHULDOV$,$$
-RXUQDO1RYHPEHUSS

(2'LFNHUVRQDQG%'L0DUWLQR2II$[LV6WUHQJWKDQG7HVWLQJ
RI )LODPHQWDU\ 0DWHULDOV IRU $LUFUDIW $SSOLFDWLRQ LQ $GYDQFHG
)LEURXV 5HLQIRUFHG &RPSRVLWHV 9RO 6RFLHW\ RI $HURVSDFH
0DWHUODIVDQG3URFHVV(QJLQHHUVS+

5REHUW&5HXWHU-U&RQFLVH3URSHUW\7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ5HODWLRQV

IRUDQ$QLVRWURSLF/DPLQD-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV$SULO
SS

6*/HNKQOIVNLL7KHRU\RI(ODVWLFLW\RIDQ$QLVRWURSLF(ODVWLF%RG\
6DQ)UDQFLVFR+ROGHQ'D\

5REHUW 0 -RQHV 6WLIIQHVV RI 2UWKRWURSLF 0DWHULDOV DQG

/DPLQDWHG)LEHU5HLQIRUFHG&RPSRVLWHV$,$$-RXUQDO-DQXDU\
SS

6WHSKHQ:7VDLDQG1LFKRODV- 3DJDQR,QYDULDQW3URSHUWLHVRI
&RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV LQ &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV :RUNVKRS 6 :
7VDL - & +DOSLQ DQG 1LFKRODV - 3DJDQR HGV 6W /RXLV
0LVVRXUL -XO\ 7HFKQRPOF :HVWSRUW &RQQHFWLFXW
SS$OVR$)0/750DUFK

1 - 3DJDQR DQG 3 & &KRX 7KH,PSRUWDQFH RI 6LJQV RI 6KHDU
6WUHVV DQG 6KHDU 6WUDLQ LQ &RPSRVLWHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV-DQXDU\SS

6 $ $PEDUWVXP\DQ 7KH $[LV\PPHWULF 3UREOHP RI D &LUFXODU

&\OLQGULFDO 6KHOO 0DGH RI 0DWHULDO ZLWK 'LIIHUHQW 6WLIIQHVV LQ
7HQVLRQ DQG &RPSUHVVLRQ ,]YHVWV $NDGHPLL 1DXN 6665
0HNKDQLNDQRSS(QJOLVKWUDQVODWLRQ1
67$5

5REHUW 0 -RQHV %XFNOLQJ RI 6WLIIHQHG 0XOWLOD\HUHG &LUFXODU

&\OLQGULFDO 6KHOOV ZLWK 'LIIHUHQW 2UWKRWURSLF 0RGXOL LQ 7HQVLRQ
DQG&RPSUHVVLRQ$,$$-RXUQDO0D\SS
&KDUOHV : %HUW 0RGHOV IRU )LEURXV &RPSRVLWHV ZLWK 'LIIHUHQW
3URSHUWLHV LQ 7HQVLRQ DQG &RPSUHVVLRQ -RXUQDO RI (QJLQHHULQJ
0DWHULDOVDQG7HFKQRORJ\2FWREHUSS
&:%HUWDQG-15HGG\0HFKDQLFVRI%LPRGXODU&RPSRVLWH
6WUXFWXUHV LQ 0HFKDQLFV RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 5HFHQW
$GYDQFHV3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH,87$06\PSRVLXPRQ0HFKDQLFV
RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV =YL +DVKLQ DQG &DUO 7 +HUDNRYLFK
HGV %ODFNVEXUJ 9LUJLQLD $XJXVW 3HUJDPRQ
3UHVV1HZ<RUNSS
1-3DJDQRDQG-&+DOSLQ,QIOXHQFHRI(QG&RQVWUDLQWLQ
WKH 7HVWLQJ RI $QLVRWURSLF %HGLHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV-DQXDU\SS
- 0 :KLWQH\ 1 - 3DJDQR DQG 5 % 3LSHV 'HVLJQ DQG
)DEULFDWLRQ RI 7XEXODU 6SHFLPHQV IRU &RPSRVLWH
&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV
7HVWLQJ DQG 'HVLJQ 6HFRQG &RQIHUHQFH + 7 &RUWHQ &KDLUPDQ
$QDKHLP &DOLIRUQLD $SULO $670 673
$PHULFDQ6RFLHW\IRU7HVWLQJDQG0DWHULDOVSS
+RQJ 7 +DKQ DQG 6WHSKHQ : 7VDL 1RQOLQHDU (ODVWLF
%HKDYLRU RI 8QLGLUHFWLRQDO &RPSRVLWH /DPLQDH -RXUQDO RI
&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV-DQXDU\SS
5REHUW 0 -RQHV DQG +DUROG 6 0RUJDQ $QDO\VLV RI
1RQOLQHDU 6WUHVV6WUDLQ %HKDYLRU RI )LEHU5HLQIRUFHG
&RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV $,0 -RXUQDO 'HFHPEHU SS

0D[(:DGGRXSV&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQDQG'HVLJQRI&RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV LQ &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV :RUNVKRS6 : 7VDL -
&+DOSLQDQG1LFKRODV-3DJDQRHGV6W/RXLV0LVVRXUL
-XO\7HFKQRPLF:HVWSRUW&RQQHFWLFXWSS

- 0 :KLWQH\ ' / 6WDQVEDUJHU DQG + % +RZHOO
$QDO\VLV RI WKH 5DLO 6KHDU 7HVW $SSOLFDWLRQV DQG
/LPLWDWLRQV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV -DQXDU\
SS
-RKQ +DUW6PLWK 'RXJODV $LUFUDIW &RPSDQ\ /RQJ %HDFK
&DOLIRUQLD&RPPXQLFDWLRQ
*OHQQ 0XUSK\ $GYDQFHG 0HFKDQLFV RI 0DWHULDOV 1HZ <RUN
0F*UDZ+LOOS
6WHSKHQ : 7VDL 6WUHQJWK 7KHRULHV RI )LODPHQWDU\
6WUXFWXUHV 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW )XQGDPHQWDO $VSHFWV RI )LEHU
5HLQIRUFHG 3ODVWLF &RPSRVLWHV &RQIHUHQFH 3URFHHGLQJV 5 7
6FKZDUW]DQG+66FKZDUW]HGV'D\WRQ 2KLR0D\
:LOH\,QWHUVFLHQFH1HZ<RUNSS
5 +LOO 7KH 0DWKHPDWLFDO 7KHRU\ RI 3ODVWLFLW\ /RQGRQ 2[IRUG
8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVS
2VFDU +RIIPDQ 7KH %ULWWOH 6WUHQJWK RI 2UWKRWURSN
0DWHULDOV-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV$SULOSS

5DQ < .LP 3HUVRQDO &RPPXQLFDWLRQ $SULO )RU
DGGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQVHH5DQ<.LP2QWKH2II$[LVDQG
$QJOH3O\ 6WUHQJWK RI &RPSRVLWHV LQ 7HVW 0HWKRGV DQG
'HVLJQ $OORZDEOHV IRU )LEURXV &RPSRVLWHV & & &KDPLV HG
'HDUERP 0LFKLJDQ 2FWREHU $670 673
UHSULQWHGZLWKSHUPLVVLRQ
5 %\URQ 3LSHV DQG % : &ROH 2Q WKH 2II$[LV 6WUHQJWK
7HVW IRU $QLVRWURSLF 0DWULDOV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV
$SULOSS

6WHSKHQ:7VDLDQG(GZDUG0:X$*HQHUDO7KHRU\RI
6WUHQJWK IRU $QLVRWURSLF 0DWHULDOV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV-DQXDU\SS
51DUD\DQDVZDPLDQG+RZDUG0$GHOPDQ(YDOXDWLRQRI
WKH 7HQVRU 3RO\QRPLDO DQG +RIIPDQ 6WUHQJWK 7KHRULHV IRU
&RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV -RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV2FWREHU
SS
* 3 6HQGHFN\M $ %ULHI 6XUYH\ RI (PSLULFDO 0XOWLD[ODO
6WUHQJWK &ULWHULD IRU &RPSRVLWHV 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW
&RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 7HVWLQJ DQG 'HVLJQ 6HFRQG &RQIHUHQFH+
7&RUWHQ&KDLUPDQ$QDKHLP&DOLIRUQLD$SULO
$670673$PHULFDQ6RFLHW\IRU7HVWLQJ DQG0DWHULDOV
SS
5 & 7HQQ\VRQ ' 0DF'RQDOG DQG $ 3 1DQ\DUR
(YDOXDWLRQ RI WKH 7HQVRU 3RO\QRPLDO )DLOXUH &ULWHULRQ IRU
&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV-DQXDU\
SS

PLFURPHFKDQLFV

PDFURPFKUDQLFV

DSSDUHQW

FRPSOLDQFHV VWLIIQHVVHV HODVWLFLW\

& LM
& LM ( I XI 9 I ( P XP 9 P

(I
Q I
? 9I

; L
; L ; LI 9 I ; LP 9 P
6<; ;L
6I<I;I ;LI
? 9I

+DOSLQ7VDL

x

x

x

* ( ( X

+DOSLQ FRQWLJXLW\

7VDL

EHDP

( ( X

*

(

H
'/

/

V I
( I H V P
( P H

$

P $I I
$P

3
V $
V I $I V P $ P

V
( H

(
(I
$I
$
(P P
$
$

9 I
$I
9P
$
$P

$

(
( I 9 I ( P9 P

9I (I (P (

(
( (P
( (P

N I !! N P

(

(

(
(
(

V
H I
(I
HP
V
(P

P9I:I
9P:
H :
':
9 I : H I 9 P: H P

H 9 I H I 9 P H P

H 9 I
V
( H
V
(I
9 P
V
(P

V
V
( 9 I 9 P
(P
(I

(
(I (P

9 P ( I 9 I ( P

(

( P 9 P 9 I ( P ( I
( ( P

9 I ( I ( P ( ( P

(I
(P

9 I

(

9I
WHQVLOH

FRPSUHVVLYH

( I
u ( P (

(

(

XP XI

ORQJLWXWLQDO

( (
(
(

>
@7VDL(

X
X 3RLVVRQ
(
X
H

H

V V

(
':
':
: H : XH

':
' P: ' I:

(
' I: ' P:
' P:
: 9 PX P H ' I:
: 9 I XI H

H :

X
XP9 P XI 9 I

XI XP (
X
X

X

*

J P
W
*P
JI
*I

' J:

' P 9 P: J P ' I
9 I : J I

VKHDU

: '
J 9 P J P 9 I J I

' P ' I

J
W
*

W
*
9P
W
*P
9 I
W
*I

*
* P* I

9 P* I 9 I * P

(

*(
*
*P

9 P 9 I * P * I

*I*P
*I*P *P *

(
* *
(

*

(NYDOO
( ( >@

( 9 I ( I 9 P ( P

(
( I ( P

9 I ( P
9 P ( I XP

( P
(P

XP

XP

>@

LQFOXVLRQ

XQLW

PRGXOXV 59(

(
V
H
) >/ @ u >/ @
) $
G /
G >/ @
)
G >/ @
>/@

(
( (

G[
( $ [
G[$[

59( 59(
59(

GLVSHUVLRQVWLIIQHG
(

(P
( P ( G ( P 9 G
( P ( G ( P 9 G 9 G
9G (P (G

9G 9P

>
@3DXO

>
@3DXO

>@3DXO
(

>@ 6HQGHFN\M &KDPLV

>@

+DOSLQ7VDL

>@ 3DXO

((G(P
9G 9P

9 P 9 G

9P ( (P (
9G ( (G

(
( P9 P ( G9 G

(
XP
XG
X

9P (P ( &RPSOLDQFH
9G
9P 9G

( ( P (G
(

(

(
V

H

8
8
V
9
(

( H 9

SULQFLSOH PLQLPXP FRPSOHPHQWDU\
HQHUJ\
V [ V \ V ] W [\ W \] W ][

8
V [ V \ V ] W [\ W \] W ][
(

V[
X(
(
H[ H \ H]
H

X X
X [
#
W [\
* J [\

(
J [\
X

V [ H [ V \ H \ V ] H ] W [\ J [\ W \] J \] W ][ J ][ G9
9
8
8
8
8 d 8

(

V

[
V V \
V ] W [\
W \]
W ][

V [
G9
9 (

8
V

G9

(

(P (
9G9 (G 9P9

G9
(
9 P9
9
9 P9 9 G9

(P
(G
G9
G9

( P 9 G9 ( G

9

G 9
( P (G
888
8
V 9 P

V
V 9 P 9 G

9 d
9
(
( P (G
9
9
d P G
( ( P (G

( t
( P (G

9 P ( G 9 G ( P

(

H [ H \ H ] J [\
J \] J ][
H [ 8
V[

X(
(
H[ H \ H]
H

X X
X [
#
W [\
* J [\

(
J [\
X

V [ H [ V \ H \ V ] H ] W [\ J [\ W \] J \] W ][ J ][ G9
9
8
8
8
8 d 8

(
/ /

H [
H H \
H ]

XH J [\
J \]

J ][

V [
XP XPX
( PH
X P XP
V \ P
V ]
W [ \
W \]
XP X
( P H
XP X P
W ][

V [
XG XG X
(G H
XG XG
V \ G
V ]
W [ \
W \]
XG X
( G H
XG XG
W ][

8
XG XGX X
H
(G G9

9G
XG XG

XP XPX X
(PG9
9P
XP XP

8
H XG XGX X
XP XPX X
(G9 G
( P9 P 9

XG XG
XP XP
888
XP XPX X
H XG XG X X

( H 9 d
(
9
( P9 P 9
G G

XG XG
XP XP

(
( d
XG XG X X
X P XPX X

(
9
( P9 P
G G
XG XG
X P XP

(
8
(

w8
wX

w 8
wX
w8

wX
!

w8
wX
X
X P X
H 9 XG X
( G9 G
( P9 P

XG XG
XP XP
X X X ( 9 X
X X ( 9 X

P

P

XG XP ( P9 P
XG ( P9 P

8
w 8
wX
H 9
( G9
( P9 P

XG XG G XP XP

XG XP

8

w 8
GPO
wX
w8

E E

wX
E
w 8

wX

8
8 ,QIOHFWLRQ

(
(
(

P G(
( d ( G9 G ( P9 P

(
( (

>@

(

(P *3D (I SVL@

> *SD SVL

6KWULNPDQ+DVKLQ>@+DVKLQ
>@

LQFOXVLRQV

(
>@ 5RVHQ +DVKLQ

VROLG

KH[DJRQDO DUUD\

UP
WXUQ
VRXW

5RVHQ +DVKLQ
>@5RVHQ+DVKLQ

H[DFW VROXWLRQV

6DLQW9HQDQWVHPLLQYHUVH

LQFOXVVLRQV
0XVNKHOLVKYLOL
>@ FRPSOH[YDULEOHPDSSLQJ

ILQLWH

DUUD\V

RIIVHW URLRV

VWDJJHUHG
+HUPDQQ
>@3LVWHU
6\PPHWU\

>@ 7VDL $GDPV

5LOH\ :KLWQH\
>@

>@
>
@ +LOO

6HQGHFN\M &KDPLV >@ +HUPDQV
>@>@
>@

& &
&
& &
>@

>@

(
&
> Q I Q I Q P 9P @> &
. I . P *P *P . I . P 9P
. P *P . I . P 9P
. I . P * I * I . P . I 9P
@
. P * I . P . I 9P

.I
(I
*I
XI
(I
.P
XI
(P
*P
XP
(P

XP

& &

& 9P 9I (
&
&
&
&

>@7VDL

X
&
. I XI . P * P 9 I . PXP . I * P 9 P
. I . P * P * P . I . P 9 P
. X . I * I 9 P . I XI . P * I 9 I
& P P
. I . P * P * I . P . I 9 P

* & * P * I * I * P 9 P &* I * I * P * I * P 9 P
* P * I * P 9 P

* I
* P * I * P 9 P
&

(
N 9 I ( I 9 P ( P

N

N

>@

* ( ( X
u
*SD ( I
XP
SVL EDVHOLQH
*SD ( P
u
SVL XI

* ( ( X

*SD ( I
u
SVL
JRYHUQLQJ *SD ( I
u
SVL

& N

>
@7VDL*(((I
>@7VDL*(((P

(
(P (
*SD u
SVL *SD u
SVL
* %DVHOLQH

H[SUHVVLRQ (

PDMRU
>@7VDL*((PI
IXGJH IDFWRU &

>@ 7VDL +DOSLQ

>@
>@ +LOO >@ +HUPDQ

( # ( I 9 I ( P9 P
X
XI 9 I XP9 P

0
0P
[K9 I

K9 I

K
0 I 0 P
0 I 0 P [

(* 0
I(I*I 0I
P(P*P 0P

(

>@ 7KRPDV

$GDPV
>@>@'RQHU
* (

>@>@ )R\H

D

[ (
E
DE

ORJ [*
ORJ
D

E

9 I !

$GDPV+DOSLQ7VDL

+DOSLQ ( 'RQHU
>@7VDL

>@ GH 0DOKHUEH +HZLWW

*

*I*P 9I

[

9 I

+DOSLQ7VDL

* 'RQHU $GDPV
>
@7VDL+DOSLQ

)R\H +DOSLQ7VDL

(
>@7VDL+DOSLQ

)R\H +DOSLQ7VDL

*
>
@7VDL+DOSLQ

+DOSLQ
(
>@7VDL

+DOSLQ
(
>
@7VDL

+DOSLQ7VDL

* 'RQQHU $GDPV
>
@GH0DOKHUEH+HZLWW
DUUD\V

DSSUR[LPDWLRQV

9I
9

P
0 0I 0P

0
9 I 0 I 9 P 0 P

K

K

K

9I

K d

9I
9I
9I
9I

00P

>@

G
(G
P
(P
*SD u
SVL *SD u
SVL

*SD u
SVL *SD u
SVL

*SD u
SVL *SD u
SVL

XG
(

9G(

*
9P*G*P
9G

(

>@ 3DXO
> @
u SVL :&
&R *SD
*SD u SVL

(

(

(P
( P ( G ( P 9 G
( P ( G ( P 9 G 9 G

>
@3DXO

(
( P9 P ( G9 G

((P G

>@ 6KWULNPDQ +DVKLQ

7VDL
>@

u SVL *SD u SVL
*SD

( (
&N
*
&N

& N

(
N & (
N N
N
N

N N N

(
(
&
& &

&

>
@7VDL((

>
@7VDL
&

&
&

(
XI
*SD ( I
0SD [ SVL (P

XI

u SVL
[ [

(

& &
&

&

@ 7VDL & &
(
>

&

&

&

>
@7VDL*

*
&
& &

3DXO

(P (I
& >@5RVHQ+DVKLQ

3DXO
>@

( 7VDL
* (
& >@

((I
*((P
(*(
PI

(I(P
(I(P
& &
*SD ( P
u SVL
*SD ( I

u SVL
((I(P
& &

>
@7VDL
(

EULWWOHUHVV

>@'DYLHV .HOO\

9I

H F PD[
HI

PD[

(

V F PD[
V I 9 I V P H
PD[
I PD[
9 I

V I PD[

V P H
I PD[

V F PD[ ! V P PD[

FULWLFDO 9I

9 I FULWLFDO
PD[
V P H
PD[
V P H
VP
VI
I PD[

I PD[

9I

9P

V F PD[ V P PD[9 P

9P
9I
V F PD[
V I 9 I V P H
PD[
I PD[
9 I t V P 9 I
PD[

9I

9 I PLQLPXP
VP
VI
PD[
PD[
V P H
I PD[
V P PD[ V P H

I PD[

9I
9 I PLQLPXP
9 I FULWFDO 9 I PLQLPXP 9I

9I
9I 9 I FULWFDO
9 I FULWFDO 9 I PLQLPXP

9 I FULWFDO
V P PD[ # V P H
I PD[

9 I PLQLPXP 9 I FULWFDO

.HOO\
>@'DYLHV

>@5RVHQ5RVHQ
5RVHQ
>@

V I

WRXJKQHVV

>@5RVHQ'RZ

E
9

V F PD[ V UHI 9 I I
9I
V UHI
:HLEXOO GLVWULEXWLRQ

'RZ
>
@5RVHQ

(

V F PD[
V UHI 9 I

V UHI

9I
9I

(

>@5RVHQ'RZ
XOWLPDWH
>@+DVKLQ'RZ5RVHQ

5RVHQ 'RZ

>@
( SKRWRHOVWLF VWUHVV

(

PLFUR >@ *UHV]F]XN
EXFNOLQJ

'RZ
>
@5RVHQ

V\PPHWULF

F
\
[

\

[\

[

FK /

[\

3

*I !! *P

3
P S
(O

/

P

P
P

'LVFUHWH

>@ *HUH 7LPRVKHQNR
'8 P '8 I
':
'8 I '8 P
':

\Y
IXUULHUVLQHVHULHV
Y
D
Q
VLQ
QS [

/

\ \

\
Y
'/ Y

H \
F
/

Y

V \ ( P
F
[

'8 P
V \ H \ G9

9

(P
Y G9

'8 P
9
F

'8 P
(P
F
D
9
P Q
DQ VLQ
PS [
QS [
VLQ
G[G\
/
/

]

'8 P
(P
F
f F /
D
P Q
D VLQ
P Q
PS [
QS [
G[G\
VLQ
/
/

/

PS [
QS [
VLQ
G[G\
VLQ
/
/

P z Q
P

'8 P
(P/
F
D
Q

Q

Y
>@*HUH7LPRVKHQNR

( I OI

'8 I
G[

K
K
O I
[\

'8 I
(I K

/ f
PS [
QS [
P S QS
VLQ
DP DQ
G[G\

VLQ

/
/
/ /
P Q
f
RUWKRJRQDOLW\

'8 I
S ( I K
/
Q D

3
':
3 G

3

3

GV 3 G
[ G[

GG
GV G[
G[ G\ G[
G\
G[
" |
G[
G\
G[
G[
G\
G[
G[
G[

G\
G[
G[
G

\ Y

3

':
/ f
D
P Q
DQ
P S QS
PS [
QS [
G[G\
FRV
FRV
/ /
/
/

':
3S
/
Q D
Q

Q

3
V I K

3
S (I K

/
/ ( P
S FK ( I
Q DQ
Q DQ
Q
D
Q

Q

3
P
V I FU
S ( I K
/
/ ( P

P
S FK ( I P

P
P>@
P V I FU

wV I FU

wP

w V I FU
wP
wV I FU
wP
!

P
V I FU
P
P V I FU P V I FU

P
QXPEHU VTXDUHG P
P

P P P

P V I FU
V I FU
9 I (P(I

9 I

K

9 I
K F

V I FU

V F PD[ 9 I V I FU
9 I
9 I (P(I

9 I

[

[

H I FU
9I
9 I
(P

(I

(

V P
( P H I FU

V F PD[ 9 I V I FU 9 P V P

V F PD[
(P
9 I 9
V I
( I FU

V F PD[
( 9 I (P(I

9 I 9 I P
( I 9 I

(I

(P

[
\

J [\
wY wX

w[ w\

[ X\ Y

GY
G[

GX
G[

\

wX
w\

>X F X F @
F

X F
K GY
F G[

wX
w\
K GY
F G[

J [\
K GY
F G[

W [\
* P J [\

'8 P

W [\ J [\ G9
9

'8 P
K S
* P F
F /
Q D
Q

Q

V I FU
*P
S ( I PK

9 I 9 I
/

/P

K /

V I FU
*P
9 I 9 I

V I FU
*P

9 I

H FU
* P

9 I 9 I ( I

03D NVL 03D NVL

03D NVL

>@ 5RVHQ 'RZ

'RZ
>@5RVHQ

(I*P

(I*P

'RZ

>
@5RVHQ

6FKXHUFK

>@
6
*UHV]F]XN

>@
-XQH /DJHU

>@

V F PD[
9 I
V F PD[
9 I ( P ( I

9 I

* P

9 I

>
@5RVHQ'RZ

/DJHU
>
@-XQH
>@ /DWRXU =KDQJ

9I

9I

9I

6WHSKHQ : 7VDL 6WUXFWXUDO %HKDYLRU RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV
1$6$&5-XO\
- & (NYDOO 6WUXFWXUDO %HKDYLRU RI 0RQRILODPHQW
&RPSRVLWHV 3DSHUSUHVHQWHG DW 3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH$,$$ WK
6WUXFWXUHVDQG0DWHULDOV&RQIHUHQFH3DOP6SULQJV&DOOIRPLD
$SULO$,$$1HZ<RUN$SULO
- & (NYDOO (ODVWLF 3URSHULWLHV RI 2UWKRWURSLF 0RQRILODPHQW
ODPLQDWHV $60( 3DSHU $9 $YLDWLRQ &RQIHUHQFH /RV
$QJHOHV&DOLIRUQLD0DUFK
%3DXO3UHGLFWLRQRI(ODVWLF&RQVWDQWVRI0XOWLSKDVH0DWHULDOV
7UDQVDFWLRQVRIWKH0HWDOOXUJLFDO6RFLHW\RI$,0()HEUXDU\
SS
& & &KDPLV DQG * 3 6HQGHFN\M &ULWLTXH RQ 7KHRULHV
3UHGLFWLQJ 7KHUPRHODVWLF 3URSHUWLHV RI )LEURXV &RPSRVLWHV
-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV-XO\SS
=YL+DVKLQ7KH(ODVWLF0RGXOLRI+HWHURJHQHRXV0DWHULDOV
-RXUQDORI$SSOLHG0HFKDQLFV0DUFKSS
=YL +DVKLQ DQG 6 6KWULNPDQ$ 9DULDWLRQDO $SSURDFK WR WKH
7KHRU\ RI WKH (ODVWLF %HKDYLRXU RI 0XOWLSKDVH 0DWHULDOV
-RXUQDORIWKH0HFKDQLFVDQG3K\VLFVRI6ROLGV0DUFK$SULO
SS

=YL+DVKLQDQG%:DOWHU5RVHQ7KH(ODVWLF0RGXOLRI)LEHU
5HLQIRUFHG0DWHULDOV-RXUQDORI$SSOLHG0HFKDQLFV-XQH
SSDQG(UUDWD0DUFKS
1 , 0XVNKHOLVKYLOL 6RPH %DVLF 3UREOHPV RI WKH 0DWKHPDWLFDO
7KHRU\RI(ODVWLFLW\*URQLQJHQ7KH1HWKHUODQGV31RRUGKRII

/ 5 +HUUPDQQ DQG . 6 3LVWHU &RPSRVOWH 3URSHUWLHV RI
)LODPHQW5HVLQ 6\VWHPV $60( 3DSHU :$ $60(
:LQWHU $QQXDO 0HHWLQJ 3KLODGHOSKLD 3HQQV\OYDQLD
1RYHPEHU
'RQDOG ) $GDPV DQG 6WHSKHQ : 7VDL 7KH ,QIOXHQFH RI
5DQGRP )LODPHQW 3DFNLQJ RQ WKH (ODVWLF 3URSHUWLHV RI
&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV-XO\
SS
- 0 :KLWQH\ DQG 0 % 5LOH\ (ODVWLF 3URSHUWLHV
RI )LEHU 5HLQIRUFHG &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV $,$$
-RXUQDO6HSWHPEHU3S
5 +LOO 7KHRU\ RI 0HFKDQLFDO 3URSHUWLHV RI )LEUH

6WUHQJWKHQHG 0DWHULDOV ,,, 6HOI&RQVLVWHQW 0RGHO -RXUQDO
RIWKH0HFKDQLFVDQG3K\VLFVRI6ROLGV$XJXVWSS
- - +HUPDQV 7KH (ODVWLF 3URSHUWLHV RI )LEHU 5HLQIRUFHG
0DWHULDOV ZKHQ WKH )LEHUV DUH $OLJQHG 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW
3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH .RQLQNOLMNH 1HGHUODQGVH $NDGHPLH YDQ :HWHQ
VFKDSSHQ $PVWHUGDP 6HULHV % 9ROXPH 1XPEHU
SS
-0:KLWQH\(ODVWLF0RGXOLRI8QLGLUHFWLRQDO
&RPSRVLWHVZLWK$QLVRWURSLF)LODPHQWV-RXUQDORI
&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV$SULOSS
-DPHV0:KLWQH\*HRPHWULFDO(IIHFWVRI)LODPHQW7ZLVWRQ
WKH 0RGXOXV DQG 6WUHQJWK RI *UDSKLWH )LEHU5HLQIRUFHG
&RPSRVLWHV 7H[WLOH 5HVHDUFK -RXUQDO 6HSWHPEHU SS

- & +DOSLQ DQG 6 : 7VDL (IIHFWV RI (QYLURQPHQWDO
)DFWRUVRQ&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV$)0/75-XQH
- & +DOSLQ DQG 5 / 7KRPDV 5LEERQ 5HLQIRUFHPHQW RI
&RPSRVLWHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 2FWREHU SS

')$GDPVDQG'5'RQHU7UDQVYHUVH1RUPDO/RDGLQJRI
D 8QLGLUHFWLRQDO &RPSRVLWH -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV
$SULOSS
')$GDPVDQG'5'RQHU/RQJLWXGLQDO6KHDU/RDGLQJRI
D8QLGLUHFWLRQDO&RPSRVLWH-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV
-DQXDU\SS
5 / )R\H $Q (YDOXDWLRQ RI 9DULRXV (QJLQHHULQJ (VWLPDWHV
RI WKH 7UDQVYHUVH 3URSHUWLHV RI 8QLGLUHFWLRQDO &RPSRVLWHV
3DSHUSUHVHQWHGDW3URFHHGLQJVRIWKHWK1DWLRQDO6\PSRVLXPRI
WKH6RFLHW\RI$HURVSDFH0DWHULDOVDQG3URFHVV(QJLQHHUV6DQ'LHJR
&DOLIRUQLD1RYHPEHUSS*
5 / )R\H 6WUXFWXUDO &RPSRVLWHV 4XDUWHUO\ 3URJUHVV 5HSRUW
1XPEHUVDQG$)0/&RQWUDFW1XPEHU$)

5 / +HZLWW DQG 0 & GH 0DOKHUEH $Q $SSUR[LPDWLRQ IRU WKH
/RQJLWXGLQDO 6KHDU 0RGXOXV RI &RQWLQXRXV )LEUH &RPSRVLWHV
-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV$SULOSS
& 1LVKOPDWVX DQG - *XUODQG ([SHULPHQWDO 6XUYH\ RI WKH
'HIRUPDWLRQ RI D +DUG'XFWLOH 7ZR3KDVH $OOR\ 6\VWHP :&&R
%URZQ 8QLYHUVLW\ 'LYLVLRQ RI (QJLQHHULQJ 7HFKQLFDO 5HSRUW
1XPEHU6HSWHPEHU
5 .LHIIHU DQG 3 6FKZDUW]NRSI +DUWVWRIIH XQG +DUWUQHWDOOH
9LHQQD6SULQJHU
$ .HOO\ DQG * - 'DYLHV 7KH 3ULQFLSOHV RI WKH )LEUH
5HLQIRUFHPHQW RI 0HWDOV 0HWDOOXUJLFDO 5HYLHZV YRO QR
SS
% :DOWHU 5RVHQ 7HQVLOH )DLOXUH RI )LEURXV &RPSRVLWHV $,$$
-RXUQDO1RYHPEHUSS
1RUULV ) 'RZ DQG % :DOWHU 5RVHQ (YDOXDWLRQV RI )LODPHQW
5HLQIRUFHG &RPSRVLWHV IRU $HURVSDFH 6WUXFWXUDO $SSOLFDWLRQV 1$6$
&5$SULO
% :DOWHU 5RVHQ 1RUULV ) 'RZ DQG =YL +DVKLQ 0HFKDQLFDO
3URSHUWLHVRI)LEURXV&RPSRVLWHV1$6$&5$SULO
/ % *UHV]F]XN 0LFUREXFNOLQJ )DLOXUH RI &LUFXODU )LEHU
5HLQIRUFHG &RPSRVLWHV $,$$ -RXUQDO 2FWREHU SS

637LPRVKHQNRDQG-0*HUH7KHRU\RI(ODVWLF6WDELOLW\QG
HG1HZ<RUN0F*UDZ+LOO

+ 6FKXHUFK &RPSUHVVLYH 6WUHQJWK RI %RURQ0HWDO &RPSRVLWHV

1$6$&5$SULO
-RKQ5/DJHUDQG5HLG5-XQH&RPSUHVVLYH6WUHQJWKRI%RURQ
(SR[\&RPSRVPLWHV-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV-DQXDU\
SS
*XLJHQ =KDQJ DQG 5REHUW $ /DWRXU -U $Q $QDO\WLFDO DQG
1XPHULFDO 6WXG\ RI )LEHU 0LFUREXFNOLQJ &RPSRVLWHV 6FLHQFH DQG
7HFKQRORJ\YROQRSS

[ [

1[ [ 1[
[

[
[
V [7
[
( %
V [
(

\

( %

'7\
' \
(
[
1[

V \% V \

\
V 7\ /W V \% /W

W /

V \% V 7\
\1\
[
'%[ '7[ V \% V 7\
[ V [% V [7
[

x

x
x
[

\

[

H/

FODVVLFDOODPLQDWLRQWKHRU\&/7

N

>
@
>@

V [
V \
W
4
4

4
4

H
H
4 J

4LM

V [

V \
W
[\
4 4
4 4
4 4
4 H [

4 H \
4 J [\

4LM
4LM

N
^V `N
>4 @N ^H `N

] J []
J \]

J [] J \]

H ]

Z YX
][ ] \[
% [ XR
R
$%&'
&
X F XD ] F E

$%&'
[ E

[]

E
w:D

w[

X
X XD ]
w:D

w[

\Y
Y YD ]
w:D

w\

J [\ H \ H [
H ]
J []
J \]

H[
H \
J [\
wX
w[
wY

w\
wX wY

w\ w[

YX
H[
H \
J [\
w :D
wX D
]
w[
w[
w :D
wYD
]
w\
w\

w :D
wX D wYD
]

w[w\
w\ w[

H [D
N [
D

H \ ] N \
J [\D
N [\

H [

H \
J [\

H
J
D
[
D
\
D
[\
wXD
w[
wYD
w\
wX wY
D D
w\ w[

N[

N \
N [\

w :D

w[
w :D

w\

w :D
w[w\

N [\ N \ N [

\ P[E

H \
U :RU

N

V [

V \
W [\
N
4
4
4
4
4
4
N [
4 H [D

4 H \D ] N \
N [\
4 N J [\D

4LM

1 [
W
W
V [ G] 0 [
W
W
V [ ]G]

1[

0[

0[ 1[

1

1[
1 \
1 [\
V [

V \ G]
W
W [\
W
V [

V \ G]
N = N
W [\
N
1
=N

0[
0 \
0 [\
V [

V \ ]G]
W
W [\
V [

V \ ]G]
N = N
W [\
N
W
=N

]N]N
]]L
]N N ]N
]D
W N
] 1
W ]
W W 1 ] 1
W W
\ [ ]

1

> @
4LM N

1[
1 \
1 [\
4
4
N
4
N[
4 = N H [D
=N
4 H \D G] N \ ]G]

= N

4 N =N J [\D
N [\
4
4
4

0[
0 \
0 [\
4
4
N
4
4
4
4
N[
4 = N H [D
=N

D
4 H \ ]G] N \ ] G]
= N
4 N = N J [\D
N [\
> @
4LM N

> @
4LM N

]

] N [\ N \ N [ J [\D H [D H [D

1[
1 \
1 [\
$
$

$
1[
1 \
1 [\
%
%

%
$
$
$
%
%
%
$ H [D %

$ H \D %
$ J [\D %
% H [D '

% H \D '
% J [\D '

%
%
%
'
'
'
% N [

% N \
% N [\
' N [

' N \
' N [\

$LM
%LM
'LM
4 =
N
LM N
= N
1
4 LM N = N = N
N

1
4 LM N = N = N
N
$LM

'LM
%LM
@ %LM
>
%LM

1[
D 1[ 1[\ 0[ 0[\
[ D
1[
1 [
D
[
D
\
$ H $ H %N [\

N [\ 1[
H \D H [D

>@

$'LM%LM$LM
$
%LM
' '

VSDQZLVH

>@

>@

'LM %LM $LM

>
@

*[\ Q [\ (\ ([

x

x
x

Q (
W
$
$
(W
'
Q
'
(W

Q
' %

'LM
W N
4LM N W N = N %LM

N
4
N
W = N $LM
LM N N
4
N
LM N N
= N WN

4LM N N

( Q D ( Q D

D D

1 [
D
[
D
\
$ H $H %N [\
4LM D % $ $

W
0[

W (

$
(W
Q
$ '
$
$
$
$
$
(W
Q
(W
Q
'
Q$ ' Q'
$ %LM
'
'
'

'

Q
$ '

(W
Q

Q
'

1[
1 \
1 [\
0[
0 \
0 [\
H [D
$ Q$

Q$ $
H \D
Q D
$ J [\

N [
' Q'

Q' '
N \
Q
' N [\

'
$W

W

$
$
$
4W '
4W

4W '
4 W

4W %LM
$
'
4W

$
'

$
'

4 W '

LM

4W

1[
1 \
1 [\
0[
0 \
0 [\
$
$

$
$
'
'

'
'
D
H [
H D
\
$ J [\D

N [
N
\
' N [\

W
4LM
$LM
4LM W %LM
'LM
4LM W

1[

1 \
1 [\

0[
0 \
0 [\
$
$

$
'
'

'
$
$
$
'
'
'
$ H [D

$ H \D
$ J [\D

' N [

' N \
' N [\

J [\D H \D H [D 1[\

N \ N [
N [\

4LM
4LM

$LM
4LM W %LM
'LM
4LM W

4LM N

VWUDGGOH

WN 4LM N
%LM

1[

1 \
1 [\

$
$

$
$
$
$
$ H [D

$ H \D
$ J [\D

0[
0 \
0 [\
'
'

'
'
'
'

' N [

' N \
' N [\

'LM$LM

W

W
W
( Q

( Q
W

( Q

W
( Q

W
( Q

W

( Q

N
4 N
4 N
4 N
(N
4 N
Q
Q N (N
4 N
Q N
4 N
(N

Q N

1[
1 \
1 [\
$
$

$
$
0[
0 \
0 [\
'
'

'
'
H [D

H \D
$ J [\D

N [

N \
' N [\

' '$ $

$LM
'LM

' $ $
'

>4LM @N
>4LM @N

N
4 N
(N
N
Q N Q
4 N
4 N
4 N
Q N (N
4 N
N
Q N Q
4 N
(N
N
Q N Q
*N
'$ $ 4 N 4 N

%LM
'

''$$

4
4
4
4
W

)
)
)
)

W

*
*
*
*

W

+
+
+
+

W

*
*
*
*

W

)
)
)
)

>ttt@

t

$LM
4 ]
N
LM N
]N

4 LM $LM
4 LM $LM
4 LM
4 LM
4 4 4 4
$ $ $ $ 7ULJRQRPHWLF
4 4
$
$

$LM
1
4 LM N ]N ]N
N

%LM

$LM

4 LM N ]N ]N
N
1

= N = N 4 LM 'LM

' ' ' 4 4 4 4
4 4 '

' '

%LM

'LM $LM

''$$

;$ IRUZDUGVZHSW

0\
GLYHUJHQFH

' '

' '

>@ :HLVVKDDU 6KLQN+HUW]

>@

W

4
)
W

*
*
*
*

W

+
+
+
+

W

*
*
*
*

W

)
)
)
)

4
)
4
)
4
)

''$$

1 1
1 1
'$
$
4 ]
N
N

]N

'
1
4 N ]N ]N
N

'$
4 D
4 D

'LM$LM''$$
%LM
' ' $ $

' ' $ $
'$

''$$

%LM
' ' $ $
$
4LM

>@

DQWLV\PPHWULF

> @
4 LM N
> @
4 LM N

[
> @
4 LM

$
$
4 ]
N
N
]N

4 D
4 D

$ 4 N
'
'
1
4 N ]N ]N
N

4 N

'
%LM

1[

1 \
1 [\

$
$

$
$
H [D %

H \D %
$ J [\D %
%
%
%
% N [

% N \
% N [\

0[
0 \
0 [\
%
%

%
%
%
%
% H [D '

% H \D '
% J [\D
'
'
N [
N
\
' N [\

$ $
' '

W
W
W
W
W
W

1[
1 \
1 [\

$
$

0[
0\
0 [\
%

4
4
4
)
)
)
*
*
*
+
+
+
+
+
+
*
*
*
)
)
)

$
$

%

H [D %

H \D
$ J [\D
H [D '

H D\ '
J [\D
'
'

%

4
)
*
+
+
*
)

N [

N \
N [\
N [

N \
' N [\

%

4
4
4
4
W

)
)
)
)

W

*
*
*
*

W

+
+
+
+

W

+
+
+
+

W

*
*
*
*

W

)
)
)
)

1[
1 \
1 [\
0[
0 \
0 [\
$
$

%
$
$

%
H
H
$ J
D
[
D
\
D
[\

%
% H [D '

% H \D '
J [\D

%
'
'

% N [

% N \
N [\
N [
N
\
' N [\

% %

XQV\PPHWULF

WN
N (N

4 N
4 N
4 N
(N
4 N
Q N
4 N
Q N (N
4 N
Q N

(N

Q N
WN

1[
1
\
1 [\
$
$

$
$

D
H [ %
H D %
\
$ J [\D

%
%

N [
N
\
% N [\

0[
0 \
0 [\
%
%

%
%

H [D '

H \D '
% J [\D
'
'

N [

N \
' N [\

% $
' % $ '

VWDFNLQJVHTXHQFH

>ttt@

>@

> D # W D # W D # W @ > WD DW D W @

>tttttt@
>ttt@ >ttt@ >ttt@

>
D D
>ttttt@

>ttt@ >tttttt@
>
q q 6 >ttt@

7

>ttttt @7

TXDVLLVRWURSLF
H[WHQVLRQDO VWLIIQHVVHV

$ $$ $ $
Q
$ $ $

$LM

$LM
4LM
3RLVVRQ 4 LM

@
t@ >ttt
>ttt
t
t
t1
'LM %LM $LM 1

EDODQFHGODPLQDWHV
t
u

u

K\EULGODPLQDWHV

r

>

D% r D* *D 6

' %$

&DUG
-RQHV

%LM

4 D
4 D

u

>@

% %

%%'HYHORS

$ $ ' '

1[
1[
4LM>@
W
1[

0[

[
[
[

1
0
D
$ % H

% ' N

1
$H %N

%H D 'N

0

H D

H D
$ 1 $ %N

0
%$ 1 %$ % 'N

H D

0

$

%$
$ % 1

' %$ % N

H D
0
$ 1 % N

+ 1 ' N

N + %

N
' 0 ' + 1

H D % ' 0 $ % ' + 1

H D

N

$ % ' +

' +
% ' 1

' 0

H D

N

$c %c 1
+ c ' c 0

' % $ %
+ c

' % $ 'c %c $c
% c 7 + c

'c %c $c
'%$

FURVVSO\ODPLQDWH
1

[
\

VSHFLDOFURVVSO\ODPLQDWHV

> D # W D # W D # W D # W @

01

W
W
0
N RGG
N HYHQ

> WD DW DW DW DW @
W W W
W W
0

0

0 W

0

$LM
%LM
%LM
4
N
= N = N
LM N
1
4LM N = N = N
N

1
4LM N = N = N
N
1 0

)

)
4
4
(

(

>@ 7VDL (( )

W
1

0 ) 4W
$
0
$
$

0) 4W
0
$
$
$
%LM
'
4W
0)
$
0 )

4 W

> ) 3 @4W > ) 3 @ 0
$W

0 )

'
'
'
4W

3
0 1 >0 1 1 @

1 0
0

1
$

0 ) 4W
0
$
$
$
$
0 )
4W

1 0
%
%
'
%

4 W
0 )
$W
1 0 0 )
%
%
%

> ) 5 @4W > ) 5 ) @ 0
$W

0 )

'
'
0)
$
0 )

0) 4W
0
$
%
4W
4W

> ) 5 ) @4W > ) 5 ) @ 0
$W

0 )

'
'
'
4W

5

0 0

0 1 0

1 $LM
1
1 W
)0 $ $
$ )
$ 0 4W 4W
0$$0$$

$ $ )

%LM

1 0 % %
\
1% 1 %

1
1
%

% 7
1
\ [

@ 7VDL 0 $
>

@7VDL0$
>

0 %

>@7VDL

1 'LM

' ) 0
' ' 0 1 ) '
$W
' 1 1 1

$W
) 1 0
'

>@7VDL0'

0 '
>@7VDL

([WUVVD

>@ 7VDL
863RO\PHULF&R(18)

0 0

H

N
$c
% c7
%c 1

'c 0

'c %c $c
$
$ z $c

'c %c $c ' %

PP PP LQ

6SDQ PP

W

W
H LD N L

L
H LD N L
H LXSSHU
H LORZHU

W
%c %c $c
c
'c %
$c $c
%c %c 1
c
0 '
c 'c
'
c %
c %
c
'
c $c
%c $
'c
c
$

'

'
3/

:F

$ :F

>@7VDL

>@7VDL6,

1

[

>
D # W D # W D # W D # W

1
W 4LM

1
$LM
N
= N = N
LM N
%LM
1
4LM N = N = N
N
'LM
1
4LM N = N = N
N

W 4LM 1

4LM
4D
4D
4D
4D

4D
4D
4D
4D
4D
4D
4D

4D

>@ 7VDL

4
W
$ $ $ $

$ $

4

' '

1

%LM
' ' ' '
4 4 4 W

4 4 4
4
W

W 1
1

1
$ $ $ $

$ $

% %
' ' ' '

' '
% % % %

4 4 4 W

4 4
W
1
W
4
4
4

$LM
$ $ 1 $ $ $ $
111
1 $ $ 1

>@7VDL
%LM

1 % % W $
1 %
0 [\
%

W$ W1 [
H [D

%

>@7VDL

1 T
%
W$
0 [\

W1 \
D
' '

1 '
'
1
1 1 ' '

D ' '
' '
1

'
>@7VDL

% %
' ' $ $
u

D
$ $

J [\
J [\XSSHU
XSSHU
H
H [XSSHU H \XSSHU
D
J [\ORZHU
ORZHU
H
H [ORZHU H \ORZHU
D

\ [ D H D

>@7VDL

>@7VDL6,

' %LM $ $
'

W RGG
W HYHQ
W1

W RGG
W HYHQ
W1

0 W RGG
W HYHQ
W1

0 W RGG
W HYHQ
W 1

0 W RGG

W HYHQ
W1

IDLOXUH
GXFWLOH EULWWOH

GHIOHFWLRQ

K\JURWKHUPHFKDQLFDO

0\ 0[1\ 1[

(
7VDL+LOO
7VDL+LOO

(

WKHUPRHODVWLF

LM

,QYHUVLRQ

LM

GLVWRUWLRQ

3ULQFLSDO0DWHULDO&RRUROLQDOHV30&

V
V

W
4
4

H D '7
H D '7
4 J
4
4

NWK

V [

V \
W [\
N
4
4
4
4
4
4
4 H [ D [ '7
4 H \ D \ '7
4 J [\ D [\ '7

D [\

1[
1 \

1 [\

$
$

$
$
$
$
$ H [D %

$ H \D %
$ J [\D %
%
%
%
% N [ 1 [7

% N \ 1 7\
% N [\ 1 [\7
%LM $LM

1[
1 \
1 [\
4
4
4

4
4
4
4
4
4
D [

D \ '7G]
D [\
N
N

17

0[
0 \
0 [\
%
%

%
%
%
%
% H [D '

% H \D '
% J [\D '
'
'
'
' N [ 0 [7

' N \ 0 7\
7
' N [\ 0 [\
'LM

0 [7
0 7\
0 [\7
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
D [

D \ '7]G]
D [\
N
N

07 17

1[
1\
1 [\
1 [ 1 [7
7
1\ 1\
1 [\ 1 [\7
$
$

$
$
$
$
$ H [D %

$ H \D %
$ J [\D %
%
%
%
% N [

% N \
% N [\

0 [
0 \
0 [\

0 [ 0 [7
7
0\ 0\
0 [\ 0 [\7
%
%

%
%
%
%
% H [D '

% H \D '
% J [\D '
'
'
'
' N [

' N \
' N [\

07 17
01
01 0 1

1

0
$ % H D
% '

H D

N
$c % c 1
+ c ' c

+\JURVFRSLF

E E
D D
D L

>
@
PP LQ 7
& )

>
@

' W ' 'W
>@
' [
>@ LQKU

7 >@6

>@

>@

>@

>@

1[ 1

[
\
0

LQ
PPLQPP

0

(
( [SVL*3D

( [ SVL*3D
;W ;F NVL03D

<W NVL03D

<F NVL03D
6 NVL03D
Q
* [SVL
*3D

D [ q ) [ q& D [ q ) [ q&

VLJQLILFDQW ILJXUHV
6,86

4

4
[ SVL *3D
4

4
[ SVL *3D
4
4
[ SVL *3D
4
4
[ SVL *3D
4
4

4

4

D [
D \
[ q) [ q&

D \
D [
[ q) [ q&

D [\
D [\

$
[ OE LQ *1 P
[ OE LQ*1 P
$
$
[ OE LQ*1 P
$
[ OE LQ*1 P

$c
$c
>
[ OE LQ [ 1 P
>
[ OE LQ [ 1 P
>
OE LQ> [
@
1 P @
c
$
[ OE LQ [ 1 P
c
$
[

1 7;
1 <7
W'7SVL q ) W'703D q&
1 7;<

V ;

1;
1
'7SVL q) ; '7 '703D q&

W
W

V <

1;
1
'7SVL q ) ; '7 '703D q&

W
W
W [\
V ;
V <

1;
1
'7SVL q) ; '7 '703D q&

W
W

1;
1
B '7SVL q ) ; '7 B '703D q&

W
W
W [\
'7 1;

1
;
W

1;

'7 1;

V W
V V V
; ; < < ;<
;
;
< 6

W ;<

;
V V ; V < V <
<

;

;

1;
W
>
'7SVL q) < '7 SVL q)
>
'703D q& < '7 SVL q )

q& q)

q& '7 q ) q& q)
1

; SVL03D
W

'7
1;
W
SVL03D

1;
# '7SVL q) SVL'703D q& 03D
W
q) q& q)
q&
1;
W
SVL03D

q& q)

1;
W
SVL03D

q& q)
V ; \
<W

[

[

[

1;W

1

H
D
;
$c 1 ;

H ;D

[

\

4

4
[ SVL *3D
4

$c

$c
[ WSVL > [ W03D @
[ WSVL > [ W03D @

c
$

[ WSVL > [ W03D @

c
$

V ;
V <
V <

1;
W
1;
1
'7SVL q ) ; '703D q&

W
W

W [\
V ;
1;
1
'7SVL q) ; '703D q&

W
W
W [\

[
@ \
>
'7 )& 1[W SVL03D

GHJUDGHG
[
\

4
4
[ SVL *3D

$c
[ WSVL > W*3D @
$c
c
$

[ WSVL > W*3D @

V ;

1;

W

[

1; W
D
;

$c W
[ SVL *3D

1[

V ;
SVL 03D
NVL V ;

NVL
03D
03D

'V ;

'1 ;
W
SVL SVL 03D

1;
W
SVL SVL SVL03D

>
@0

URXWLQJ

>@

D

>@ >@
(

PP LQ

PP LQ

4
4
[ SVL *3D
4
4
[ SVL *3D
4
4
[ SVL *3D
4
4
4
4
4
[ SVL*3D

[ SVL*3D
4
[ SVL*3D

D [
D \
D [\
[ q ) [ q&
D \
D [
D [\
[ q) [ q&

[ q ) [ q&

$c

[ OE LQ
V\PPHWULF

[ 1 P
V\PPHWULF

$c

1 7;
1 <7
1 7;<

1[

V ;

1;
1
'7SVL q) ; '7 '703D q&

W
W

V <

W [\
V <
1;
1
'7SVL q) ; '7 '703D q&

W
W

W [\
1;
1
'7SVL q ) ; '7 '703D q&

W
W
1;
1
'7SVL q ) ; '7 '703D q&

W
W

1
1
; '7SVL q ) ; '7 '703D q&

W
W

.V ; . V ; W ;< . W ;<
;

FRV T FRV T VLQ T VLQ T
.
FRV T VLQ T FRVT VLQ T
.
.
FRV T FRV T VLQ T VLQ T
T
q .L
. . .

T
.
.
q
.

1;
W
SVL q ) SVL '703D q& 03D

q& q)

q& q)
1;
SVL03D

W

1;
W
SVL 03D

SVL
03D

1;
W
SVL03D

>@

>@

RIIVHW

SODQH VWUHVV
@
>
T D D D [\ D \ D [

D [\ D [\

1 c[\ 1 c\ 1 [c
0

V [
0

0

FODVVLFDOODPLQDWLRQWKHRU\&/7
W ]\ W ][ V ]
1 [
LQWHUODPLQDUVWUHVVHV

&/7
W [\ V \ V [

\ [

3LSHV
>
@3DJDQR

W [\ V \

W ]\ W ][
V ]

1[
]\[

V

V
V N
H D

H D
4 J D
4 4
4
4

V [

V \
W [\
N
4 4
4 4
4 4
4 H [D

4 H \D
4 J [\D

$LM
4
N
LM
N = N = N

1 [

$
$

$
$

H [D

H \D
$ J [\D

H \D
$ 1 [
H [D

$ $ $
$ 1 [

$ $ $

J [\D

H

H
J N
$
FRV T VLQ T
$
$
$ 1 [

FRV T
VLQ T

$
$
$
$

$
FRV T VLQ T $
N

V [ D D

W [\

&/7

&/7

W [\ []
W [\
$%&' $%&'
&' $% W [\
[
W [] $%&' W [\

W []
W []

>@

V
V

V

W
W

W
&
&

&

&
&
&
&
&
&

&

&

H
H

H

J
J

& J

V [
V
\
V ]

W \]
W ][

W [\
&
&
&

&
&
&
&

&
&
&

&

&

&

&
&

&

& H [

& H \
& H ]

J \]
J ][

& J [\

H [
J \]
9C] :C\
8 C[
H \
J ][
:C[ 8 C]
9C\
H ]
:C]
J [\

8 C\ 9C[

[
[

] \

X
.[ 8 \ ] Y 9 \ ]

Z : \ ]

W [\ \ W ][ ]
V \ \ W \] ]
W \] \ V ] ]

&8
\\ &8
]] & 9
\\ &9
]] & & :
\]
&8
\\ &8
]] &9
\\ &9
]] & & :
\]

& & 8
\] & & 9
\] &:
\\ &:
]]

\]
[
W \]

V ]

W []

W [\

V \

W \]

:98]

9
] \

8
] \
: \

: 9 8 \

9 ]

8 ]
:
\ ]

>@

EKR

QXPHULFDO

W [] V ]
W \] :98

( [SVL*3D* * * [SVL

*3D
( ( [SVL*3D Q Q Q

E K
] K W [] W [\ V [

W [\ V [
\ E W []

K

* * * Q Q

W []

W []

W []

>
@

>@

>@
0RLUp
0RLUp
)ULQJHV
>@

0RLUp

6 0RLUp

0RLUp

u D

GLDJRQDO
W []

6

>@0RLU

] K
>@

V \ >@6

$%&'
\ $%&' V \
W \] \
W \] W \]

V \ [
V ] V ]
]
V ] >@ V ]

V ] W \]

>
@

>@6 >@6
>
@
V ]
>@
>@6 0SD SVL

[
V ] V \
V \
V ] >@

V ]
V \
V ]
V ]

@ >@6 >@6
>
>@6
>
@6

V ]

>@

]
>@

> r T @
W []
>@
W [] W []

> r T r T @
V ] W \] W []

> T T
>@6 @6
>@6 >@6
'LM$LM

>@

V[
H[
[ SVL *3D
W [\
H[
[ SVL *3D

V \ W [\

& ] & \ & \ & ] & [ 8 \ ]
& [
9 \ ]

& [
Z & [\ & [
: \ ]

Y & ] & [
] \

>@

.63LVWHUDQG6%'RQJ(ODVWLF%HQGLQJRI/D\HUHG3ODWHV-RXUQDO
RIWKH(QJLQHHULQJ0HFKDQLFV'LYLVLRQ$6&(2FWREHUSS
(5HLVVQHUDQG<6WDYVN\%HQGLQJDQG6WUHWFKLQJRI&HUWDLQ7\SHVRI
+HWHURJHQHXV$HRLRWURSLF(ODVWLF3ODWHV-RXUQDORI$SSOLHG
0HFKDQLFV6HSWHPEHUSS
-($VKWRQ-&+DOSLQDQG3+3HWLW3ULPHURQ&RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV$QDO\VLV7HFKQRPLF:HVWSRUW&RQQHFWLFXWVHHDOVR-
&+DOSLQ3ULPHURQ&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV$QDO\VLV7HFKQRPLF
/DQFDVWHU3HQQV\OYDQLD

7HUUHQFH-+HUW]0LFKDHO+6KLUN5RGQH\+5LFNHWWVDQG7HUUHQFH
$:HLVVKDDU2QWKH7UDFNRI3UDFWLFDO)RUZDUG6ZHSW:LQJV
$HURQDXWLFVDQG$VWURQDXWLFV$PHULFDQ,QVWLWXWHIRU$HURQDXWLFVDQG
$VWURQDXWLFV:DVKLQJWRQ'&-DQXDU\SS
0LFKDHO)&DUGDQG5REHUW0-RQHV([SHULPHQWDODQG7KHRUHWLFDO
5HVXOWVIRU%XFNOLQJRI(FFHQWULFDOO\6WLIIHQHG&\OLQGHUV1$6$71'
2FWREHU
6WHSKHQ:7VDL6WUXFWXUDO%HKDYLRURI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV1$6$
&5-XO\
&KL+XQJ6KHQDQG*HRUJH66SULQJHU0RLVWXUH$EVRUSWLRQDQG
'HVRUSWLRQRI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV
-DQXDU\SS
5%\URQ3LSHV-DFN59LQVRQDQG7VX:HL&KRX2QWKH+\JURWKHUPDO
5HVSRQVHRI/DPLQDWHG&RPSRVLWH6\VWHPV-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV$SULOSS
&(%URZQLQJ*(+XVPDQDQG-0:KLWQH\0RLVWXUH(IIHFWVLQ
(SR[\0DWUL[&RPSRVLWHV3DSHUSUHVHQWHGDW&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV
7HVWLQJDQG'HVLJQ)RXUWK&RQIHUHQFH-*'DYLV-U&KDLUPDQ
9DOOH\)RUJH3HQQV\OYDQLD0D\$670673
6WHSKHQ:7VDL6WUHQJWK&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV
1$6$&5$SULO
6WHSKHQ:7VDL'RQDOG)$GDPVDQG'RXJODV5'RQHU
$QDO\VLVRI&RPSRVLWH6WUXFWXUHV1$6$&51RYHPEHU
5%\URQ3LSHVDQG1-3DJDQR,QWHULDPLQDU6WUHVVHVLQ&RPSRVLWH
/DPLQDWHVXQGHU8QLIRUP$[LDO([WHQVLRQ-RXUQDORI
&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV2FWREHUSS
5%\URQ3LSHVDQG,0'DQLHO0RLUp$QDO\VLVRIWKH,QWHULDPLQDU
6KHDU(GJH(IIHFWLQ/DPLQDWHG&RPSRVLWHV-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV$SULOSS
'DQLHO3RVW%RQJWDH+DQDQG3HWHU,IMX+LJK6HQVLWLYLW\0RLUp
([SHULPHQWDO$QDO\VLVIRU0HFKDQLFVDQG0DWHULDOV1HZ<RUN6SULQJHU
9HUODJ
1-3DJDQRDQG5%\URQ3LSHV7KH,QIOXHQFHRI6WDFNLQJ
6HTXHQFHRQ/DPLQDWH6WUHQJWK-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV
-DQXDU\SS

5/)R\HDQG'-%DNHU'HVLJQRI2UWKRWURSLF/DPLQDWHV3DSHU
SUHVHQWHGDW$,$$$60(WK6WUXFWXUHV6WUXFWXUDO'\QDPLFVDQG
0DWHULDOV&RQIHUHQFH'HQYHU&RORUDGR$SULOSUHVHQWDWLRQ
RQO\QRSDSHU
5REHUW0-RQHV'HODPLQDWLRQVXSSUHVVLRQ&RQFHSWVIRU&RPSRVLWH
/DPLQDWH)UHH(GJHV&RPSRVLWH'HVLJQ0DQXIDFWXUHDQG$SSOLFDWLRQ
3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH(LJKWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ&RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV6WHSKHQ:7VDLDQG*HRUJH66SULQJHUHGV+RQROXOX
+DZDLL-XO\6RFLHW\IRUWKH$GYDQFHPHQWRI0DWHULDODQG
3URFHVV(QJLQHHULQJ&RYLQD&DOLIRUQLDSS0WR0
637LPRVKHQNRDQG-1*RRGLHU7KHRU\RI(ODVWLFLW\UGHG1HZ
<RUN0F*UDZ+LOOSSDQG

$$
%LM''

:KLWQH\
>@ 6OHUDNRZVNL 9LQVRQ >@
>@5HGG\>@9DVLOLHY

[\
$

$
$
$
$
H R
[
R
H \
J R
[\

0[
0
\
0
[\
'
'
'
'
'
N [
N
\
N
[\

' ' ' '

' '

%LM

UHVWULFWLRQV

DVVXPSWLRQV

DE DVSHFW UDWLR

1[
0[0\0[\1\1[\

.LUFKKRII .[ .\
S[\

x

x

x

[\ x
][]\]
[\
[\
[] []
x
VWDWHPHQW ]

]

XYZ x

[ \ [\ x

LQHUWLD x

x

x
[ \ [\
]
X Y

]

x

] [] \]

S[\
1
1
0
[ [[
[ [
1
1
[\ [
0

S

[\ \
\ \
[\ [\
0
\ \\

$ X $ X $ X $ Y $ $ Y $ Y
[[
[\ \\ [[
[\ \\

% Z
% Z
% % Z
% Z

[[[
[[\
[\\ \\\
$ X $ $ X $ X $ Y $ Y $ Y
[[

[\
\\
[[
[\
\\
% Z
% % Z
% Z
% Z

[[[

[[\
[\\
\\\
' Z
' Z
' ' Z
' Z
[[[[
[[[\

[[\\
[\\\
' Z
% X
% X
% % X
% X
\\\\ [[[
[[\
[\\ \\\
% Y
% % Y
% Y
% Y
S
[[[
[[\
[\\ \\\

%LM
%LM %LM
'LM $LMW

Z

ZXY

FODPSHG VLPSO\ VXSSRUWHG

IUHH HGJHV

XYZ

Z

X
Q
Q
X X
W
W
Z
Z
Q
Q
Z Z
1
QW
QW

0
0
Q
Q
4
0
.
QW W
Q
Q

WQWQ
.Q

4Q
7LPRVKHQNR
>@ :RLQRZVN\.ULHJHU

[
X
1[

>@&6
>@$OPURWK
6
Z
6
Z
6
Z
6
Z
&
&
Z Q
&
&
Q
Q
Q
Q

Z Q
Z Q
Z Q
Q
1
1
Q
Q
X
X
Q
Q
1
1
Q
Q
X
X
Q
Q
1
1
Q
Q
X
X
Q
Q
1
1
Q
Q
X
X
1
1
W
W
QW
X
X
W
1

QW
QW
QW
X X
W
W
X X
W
W
1
1
QW
QW
1
1
QW
QW

URWDWLRQDO UHVWUDLQW

6

0[

\

\
WUDQVODWLRQZ

\

6
Y X \[

1[\1[

6
[ \
1[Y X\
1[\
6
\ [
1[X Y[
1[\
6
Y[\
1[\1[ X

Z[

Z

EXFNOLQJ ORDG

ELIXUFDWLRQ

+HQQHPDQQ -RQHV

>@

HLJHQYDOXH

G0
[ [[
G0
G 1 [ [ G 1 [\ \

G 1 [\ [ G 1 \ \

[\ [\
G0
\ \\
1 GZ 1 GZ 1 GZ

[ [[
[\ [\
\ \\

1[ 0[
Z
X Y

Z Z

1 [ 1 \ 1 [\

1 [

G 1[
G 1 \
G 1
[\
$
$
$ GH[ %
%
% GN

[
R
$ $ $ GH \ % % % GN\
$
R %
$
$
%
%
GN
GJ [\ [\

R
% % % GH [ ' ' ' G N [

G
GH R
%
%
%
'
'
'
N

\
% % % GJ R ' ' ' G N [\
[\
G 0 [
G 0
\
G 0
[\

GH
GN
G X [ GH
GZ
GN
[[
G Y \ GJ
GZ
[\
G X \ G Y [
GN
\\
[\
GZ
[\

6
6
6
6
GZ
GZ
GZ
GZ

G0
Q
G0
Q
G0
Q
G0
Q

GX

Q
G1

Q
GX

Q
G1

Q

GX
W
GX
W

G1

QW
G1

QW

GZ
GZ
GZ
GZ
&
&
&
&
G Z Q
G Z Q
G Z Q
G Z Q

G XQ
G 1Q
G XQ
G 1Q

G XW
G XW

G 1 QW
G 1 QW

G0
[ [[
G0
[\ [\
G 1 [ [ G 1 [\ \

G 1 [\ [ G 1 \ \

G0
\ \\
1 GZ 1 GZ 1 GZ

[ [[
[\ [\
\
\\
UGZ
WW

1 [ 1 \ 1 [\

5RWDU\ ,QHUWLD

*DOHUNLQ 5D\OHLJK5LW]

\ [

>@ :DQJ

$VKWRQ

>@

S[\ [ [ \ \ E

'RXEOH)RXULHUVLQH6HULHV
f f
PS[
QS\

VLQ
U PQ VLQ
D
E
P Q

3 [ \
S
S [ \
f
f
SR
PS[
QS\

VLQ
VLQ

PQ
D
E
S
P Q
>@

S[\

' '

%LM

VSHFLDOO\ RWKRWURSLF
ODPLQDWH

$ $ $ $ ' '

' '

' Z [[[[ ' ' Z [[\\ ' Z \\\\
S [ \

[ D
Z
\ E
Z
0 ' Z ' Z
[
[[ \\
0 ' Z ' Z
\
[[ \\

XY

Z
f
f
PS[
QS\

VLQ
VLQ
D
D
E
P Q PQ

D
PQ
S PQ
S
>@
> @> @
>@
P
Q
P Q

'
'
'
'
D
D E
E

SR
S
f
f
P Q
PS[
QS\

VLQ
VLQ

PQ
D
E

P
Q
P Q
' '
'
'
D
D E
E

>@
> @> @
>@

' ' ' '

V\PPHWULFDQJOHSO\ODPLQDWHV

''

Z $ $

D
E
Z

0
' Z ' Z ' Z

[
[[ \\
[\

0
' Z ' Z ' Z

\
[[ \\
[\

Y X

' '
Z H[SDQVLRQ
' '

''

@ZVWDWLRQDU\
>

9

Y > ' Z [[ 'Z [[ Z \\ ' Z \\ ' Z [\
' Z Z ' Z Z SZ@ G[G\
[[ [\
\\ [\
SZ
S

>@ :KLWQH\

>@ /DQJKDDU

H[DFW HQHUJ\
Z[ Z
0 Q
0 Q1 Q
1Q
VWDWLRQDU\

Z
0Q

FRQYHUJHQFH

Q P Q P

'' '''
>@
'' ''

D S

'

' '
Z
PD[

' ' '' '''
D3

Z
PD[
'

VNHZ

S
;<
Z
[[[[
FRVT Z
[[[\
FRV T Z
[[\\

3R VLQ T
FRVT Z
Z
[\\\
\\\\
'
>@
[ D
Z Z FRV T Z

[[
[\

\ E
Z Z FRV T Z

\\
[\

'

'

'
' '

'

FRV T

'
'

FRV T
S S VLQ T
'
'

t

'
' FRVT FRV T
'
' FRVT FRV T
'
'
' VLQ T

'
'

'LM 'LM
VNHZDQJOH
' '
'

'' '' '' '''

:PD[
D S

'

>@$VKWRQ
'
' ' ' 'c
' c ' c

'
'c
'
' 'c

c
'
'c

.

.

.

.

>@$VKWRQ

'
'

''

$VKWRQ

>@

$QWLV\PPHWULF &URVV3O\ /DPLQDWHG 3ORWHV
$ $ $ $ $
''' ' % % %
1HZ 7HUPV '
% %

$X
[[ $X
\\ $ $ Y
[\ %Z
[[[
$ $ X
[\ $Y
[[ $Y
\\ %Z
\\\

' Z
[[[ Z
\\\ ' ' Z
[[\\ % X
[[[ Y
\\\
S

/HLVVD :KLWQH\
6
[ D Z 0 [
Y 1 [
\
$X
[ $Y
\ %Z
[[
E Z 0 \
1 \
X
%X
[ 'Z
[[ ' Z
\\

%Y
\ ' Z
[[ 'Z
\\
$ X
[ $Y
\ % Z
\\

X
$
P Q
PQ
Y
Z
PS[
QS\

VLQ
D
E
f f
PS[
QS\

%PQ VLQ
FRV
D
E
P Q
FRV
&
P Q
PQ
VLQ

P S[
QS\
VLQ

D
E

>@

S SPQ VLQ
PS[ QS\
VLQ

D
E

P Q

$PQ %PQ &PQ
SPQ

VHTXHQFH

>P Q @

DE

*( ((

(( ((

((
((

((

>
@

DQWLV\PPHWULFDQJOHSO\ODPLQDWHGSODWHV
$ $ $ $
' ''' % %

$X
[[ $X
\\ $ $ Y
[\ % Z
[[\ % Z
\\\

$ $ X
[\ $Y
[[ $Y
\\ % Z
[[[ % Z
[\\

'Z
[[[[ ' ' Z
[[\\ 'Z
\\\\ % X
[[\ Y
[[[ % X
\\\ Y
[\\ S
6

6 > @

[ DZ 0 [
% X
\ Y
[ 'Z
[[ ' Z
\\

X 1 [\
$ X
\ Y
[ % Z
[[ % Z
\\

\ EZ 0 \
% X
\ Y
[ ' Z
[[ ' Z
[[ ' Z
\\
$ X
\ Y
[ % Z
[[ % Z
\\
Y 1 [\

f
PS[
QS\

FRV
D
E
P Q
f f
PS[
QS\
Y %PQ FRV

VLQ
D
E
P Q
X
Z
PQ
VLQ
&
P Q
PQ
VLQ
P S[
QS\
VLQ

D
E

SPQ$PQ%PQ&PQ

6HTXHQFH

(
(
*
(

Y

3
3 VLQ
S[
D
VLQ
S\
D

% % 4 4
W

1

1

u ((

((

$PQ%PQ&PQ

$$''

$PQ%PQ&PQ

$$''

[ [ [ D \ \ E

>@ *HUH
>
@

1RGDO

1

PDJQLWXGHV

$ $ $ $

''''

'GZ
[[[[ ' ' GZ
[[\\ 'GZ
\\\\ 1 [GZ
[[

[ D G0 [
\ E G0 \
'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\
'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\

Y X

Z
Y X Z

G Z
$PQ VLQ
P S[
QS\
VLQ

D
E

\ [ Q P

P
Q
Q D
1 [ S ' ' ' '
D
E
E P
Q 1 [

1 [
P

D
' ' '
D
E
E P
S '

P 1 [
DE$VSHFW5DWLR
''' ''

1

P
D
S '
E
P E
D

[ DE

1
S '

E

DE 1 [ [

1 [
S '

E

1;

'''
'

$

''
$

'G Z
[[[[ ' G Z
[[[\ ' ' G Z
[[\\
' G Z
[\\\ ' G Z
\\\\ 1 [ G Z
[[

[ D GZ G0 [
'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\ 'GZ
[\

E GZ G0 [ 'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\ 'GZ [\
\
' '

\[Z

>@ :DGGRXSV $VKWRQ
>@&KDPLV
GZ
$
P Q
PQ
VLQ
PS[
QS\

VLQ
D
E

$PQ
Z
0Q

(( *(

u

P Q

>@ 0DQGHOO

>
@:KLWQH\1;

$ $ $ $$
''% % %
% '' '

%

$GX
[[ $GX
\\ $ $ GY
[\ %GZ
[[[

$ $ GX
[\ $G9
[[ $GY
\\ %GZ
\\\

' GZ
[[[[ GZ
\\\\ ' ' GZ
[[\\
% GX
[[[ GY
\\\\ 1 [GZ
[[

6
-RQHV
>@
[ D GZ
GY
G1 [
\ E GZ
GX
G0 [
G0 \
G1 \
%GX
[ 'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\

$GX
[ $GY
\ %GZ
[[

%GY
\ 'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\
$GX
[ $GY
\ %GZ
\\

P S[
Q S\
VLQ

GX X FRV
D
E
PS[
QS\

GY Y VLQ
FRV
D
E
PS[
QS\

GZ Z VLQ
VLQ
D
E

1 [
>

D
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
@ 7
PS
77 7

7
7
PS
QS
$
$
D
E
$ $ PS QS
D E

7
PS
%

D

7
QS
PS
$ $

E
D

7
QS
7 %
E

PS QS
PS QS

'

'

'

D E
D E

77%

Q P 7 7 7 ' '

Q
Q
QP

>@ Q P

QP 1 [

Q P

P
(O

S P S
/
P
Q P
DE
Q P
1 [
QP

Q P
P
Q P

QP

Q P VWDWLRQDU\

Q P

Q P

LQIOHFWLRQ

Q P QRQLQWHJHU

QP

Q P

Q P
Q

@ P
PQ>

' & Q
'
&

(( *(
' E

>@-RQHV1;

((

*( %
((

>
@-RQHV

$$$$

'''' %%

$GX
[[ $GX
\\ $ $ GY
[\ %GZ
[[\ %GZ
\\\
$ $ GX
[\ $GY
[[ $GY
\\ %GZ
[[[ %GZ
[\\

'Z [[[[ ' ' G: [[\\ 'GZ \\\\
% GX
[[\ GY
[[[ % GX
\\\ GY
[\\ 1 [GZ
[[

6

6
> @

[
D GZ G0 [
GX
\
G1 [\
E GZ G0 \
GY
G1 [\
% GY
[ GX
\ 'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\
$ GY
[ GX
\ %GZ
[[ %GZ
\\
% GY
[ GX
\ 'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\
$ GY
[ GX
\ %GZ
[[ %GZ
\\

PS[
QS\

GX X VLQ
FRV
D
E
PS[
QS\
GY Y FRV
VLQ

D
E
PS[
QS\

GZ Z VLQ
VLQ
D
E

JRYHUQLQJ

1 [
D
PS
777 77 77

7

7
7

7

7
PS
QS
$
$
D
E
7
$ $ PS QS
7
D E

PS
QS QS
%
% E E
D

7
7
QS
PS
$ $

E
D

PS
QS PS
%
% E D
D
7
PS
PS QS
QS
' '
'
'
D
D E
E
7 7 % %

(( *(

8QFRQVHUYDWLYH

0RUJDQ -RQHV 1;
>@:KLWQH\

1[ W
,QHTXDOLWLHV
8QLGLUFWLRQDH 8' '8'!'8'
&URVVSOD\ &3 '8'!'&3
'&3!'8'

(W
' '

P DE '

P P DE

DE
6HW
'HWHUPLQDQW

[ [ D \ \ E
1RW )RUFHG

>@

' $ $ $ $ ' ' '

'GZ
[[[[ ' ' GZ
[[\\ 'GZ
\\\\ UGZ
WW

D GZ
[
\
E GZ
G0 [
G0 \
'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\
'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\

+DULQRQLF

GZ [ \ W
$ FRV ZW % VLQ ZW GZ[ \

>@

QS \
PS[

GZ [ \ VLQ
VLQ
D
E

Z

S P
P Q
Q
' ' '
'
U D
D E
E

ZQP

Q P

'' ''
N
Z
NS
E
'

N
Q
P

N
Q
P

' '
QRGDO OLQHV

P Q
P Q
P Q P Q

$
' '
$

'GZ
[[[[ 'GZ
[[[\ ' ' GZ
[[\\
'GZ
[\\\ 'GZ
\\\\ UGZ
WW

[
D GZ
\
G0 [
E GZ
'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\ 'GZ
[\
G0 \

'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\ 'GZ
[\

' '

\ [ Z

GZ
$
P Q
PQ
VLQ
PS[
QS\

VLQ
D
E

Z

0Q

$ $ $ $ $
' % % %
7HUPV ' ' ' '
%%

$GX
[[ $GX
\\ $ $ GY
[\ %GZ
[[[

$ $ GX
[\ $GY
[[ $GY
\\ %GZ
\\\

' Z
[[[[ GZ
\\\\ ' ' GZ
[[\\
% GX
[[[ GY
\\\ UGZ
WW

GX [ \W X FRV
PS[
QS\ LZW
VLQ
H
D
E
GY [ \W Y VLQ
GZ [ \W
Z VLQ
PS[
QS\ LZW
FRV
H
D
E
PS[
QS\ LZW
VLQ
H
D
E
6
[ D
GZ G0 [ %GX
[ 'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\
GY G1 [
$GX
[ $GY
\ %GZ
[[

\ E
GZ G0 \ %GY
\ 'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\
GX G1 \
$GX
[ $GY
\ %GZ
\\

Z
S
7
S
777 77 77

77 7
% > @ 7LM

7 7
7 7 7 ' '
'HQRPLQDWRU Q P

Q P
Q P

Q P

(( *(

>@-RQHV

>
@-RQHV

$QOLV\PPHWULF$QJOH3O\ /DPLQDWHG3ODWHV
%%$$$$

' ' ' '

$GX
[[ $GX
\\ $ $ GY
[\ %GZ
[[\ %GZ
\\\

$ $ GX

[\ $GY
[[ $GY
\\ %GZ
[[[ %GZ
[\\

'G:
[[[[ ' ' GZ
[[\\ 'GZ
\\\\
% GX
[[\ GY
[[[ % GX
\\\ GY
[\\ UGZ
WW
GX [ \W
GY [ \W
GZ [ \W
[ D

PS[
QS\ LZW
X VLQ
FRV
H
D
E
PS[
QS\ LZW

Y FRV
VLQ
H
D
E
PS[
QS\ LZW
Z VLQ
VLQ
H
D
E
6

GZ G0 [ % GY
[ GX
\ 'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\
GX G1 [\ $ GY
[ GX
\ %GZ
[[ %GZ
\\

\ E
GZ G0 \
GY G1 [\
% GY
[ GX
\ 'GZ
[[ 'GZ
\\
$ GY
[ GX
\ %GZ
[[ %GZ
\\

Z
S
U
777 77 77

7

77 7

% % > @ 7LM

7 7

% (( *(
%%

:KLWQH\ 0RUJDQ -RQHV
>@

>@
>@ 0RUJDQ -RQHV

[

>@-RQHV

EDVHOLQH
D E [

%LM

\

[

>@0RUJDQ-RQHV

H[WUDSRODWLQJ

[

$ '
\ $ '

%
4W

1
(
1
(

1
' $
1
%4W ' PDJQLWXLWHV
%

>@-RQHV

EDVHOLQH

%LM

%LM

\ [

'
'
'

%LM

P Q
'
1 [ / S ' ' '

>@-RQHV
'

XQFRQVHUYDWLYH

>@-RQHV

>@

(( 44

1 [

1 \

>@$VKWRQ

((
>@

>@:KLWQH\
1E 4 W

P Q

44 44 44
t

6WDYVN\ 5HLVVQHU
DSSUR[LPDWH DSSURDFK

>@

>@5HGXFHG6WLIIQHVV0DWUL[
UHGXFHGEHQGLQJ VWLIIQHVV 5%6

'
' %$ %

'

' '
' '

%$$

'
'

'
'
%

$

' '

>@
5%6

5%6

(ZLQJ >@

/HLVVD +LQJHU

>@ 6

6

u

-DPHV 0 :KLWQH\ 6WUXFWXUDO $QDO\VLV RI /DPLQDWHG

$QLVRWURSLF3ODWHV3HQQV\OYDQLD7HFKQRPLF/DQFDVWHU
6HHDOVR-($VKWRQDQG-0:KLWQH\7KHRU\RI/DPLQDWHG
3ODWHV:HVWSRUW&RQQHFWLFXW7HFKQRPLF
- 5 9LQVRQ DQG 5 / 6LHUDNRZVNL 7KH %HKDYLRU RI
6WUXFWXUHV &RPSRVHG &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 'RUGUHFKW 7KH
1HWKHUODQGV0DUWLQXV1LMKRII
9DOHU\99DVLOLHY>5REHUW0-RQHV(QJOLVK(GLWLRQ(GLWRU@
0HFKDQLFV RI &RPSRVLWH 6WUXFWXUHV :DVKLQJWRQ '& 7D\ORU
DQG)UDQFLV
- 1 5HGG\ 0HFKDQLFV RI /DPLQDWHG &RPSRVLWH 3ODWHV
7KHRU\DQG$QDO\VLV%RFD5DWRQ)ORULGD&5&3UHVV
6 3 7LPRVKHQNR DQG 6 :RLQRZVN\.ULHJHU 7KHRU\ RI
3ODWHVDQG6KHOOV1HZ<RUN0F*UDZ+LOO
%2$OPURWK,QIOXHQFHRI(GJH&RQGLWLRQVRQWKH6WDELOLW\
RI $[LDOO\ &RPSUHVVHG &\OLQGULFDO 6KHOOV $,$$ -RXUQDO
-DQXDU\SS
5REHUW 0 -RQHV DQG -RVH & ) +HQQHPDQQ (IIHFW RI
3UHEXFNOLQJ 'HIRUPDWLRQV RQ %XFNOLQJ RI /DPLQDWHG
&RPSRVLWH &LUFXODU &\OLQGULFDO 6KHOOV $,$$ -RXUQDO
-DQXDU\SS
-DPHV 7LQJVKXQ :DQJ 2Q WKH 6ROXWLRQ RI 3ODWHV RI
&RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV -XO\
SS

- ( $VKWRQ $QLVRWURSLF 3ODWH $QDO\VLV *HQHUDO '\QDPLFV

5HVHDUFK DQG (QJLQHHULQJ 5HSRUW )=0 2FWREHU

+HQU\ / /DQJKDDU (QHUJ\ 0HWKRGV LQ $SSOLHG 0HFKDQLFV
1HZ<RUN-RKQ:LOH\DOVR.ULHJHU0DODEDU)ORULGD

- ( $VKWRQ $Q $QDORJ\ IRU &HUWDLQ $QLVRWURSLF 3ODWHV
-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV$SULOSS
-0:KLWQH\DQG$:/HLVVD$QDO\VLVRI+HWHURJHQHRXV
$QLVRWURSLF3ODWHV-RXUQDORI$SSOLHG0HFKDQLFV-XQH
SS
-DPHV 0DUWLQ :KLWQH\ $ 6WXG\ RI WKH (IIHFWV RI &RXSOLQJ
EHWZHHQ %HQGLQJ DQG 6WUHWFKLQJ RQ WKH 0HFKDQLFDO %HKDYLRU
RI /D\HUHG $QLVRWURSLF&RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 3K' 7KHVLV
'HSDUWPHQW RI (QJLQHHULQJ 0HFKDQLFV 7KH 2KLR 6WDWH
8QLYHUVLW\&ROXPEXV2KLR$YDLODEOHIURP8QLYHUVLW\
0LFURILOPV,QF$QQ$UERU0LFKLJDQDVQR
- 0 :KLWQH\ %HQGLQJ([WHQVLRQ &RXSOLQJ LQ /DPLQDWHG
3ODWHV XQGHU 7UDQVYHUVH /RDGLQJ -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV-DQXDU\SS
6WHSKHQ37LPRVKHQNRDQG-DPHV0*HUH7KHRU\RI(ODVWLF
6WDELOLW\1HZ<RUN0F*UDZ+LOO
- ( $VKWRQ DQG 0 ( :DGGRXSV $QDO\VLV RI $QLVRWURSLF
3ODWHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV -DQXDU\ SS

& & &KDPLV 7KHUPRVWUXFWXUDO 5HVSRQVH 6WUXFWXUDO DQG
0DWHULDO 2SWLPL]DWLRQ RI 3DUWLFXODWH &RPSRVLWH 3ODWHV &DVH
:HVWHUQ 5HVHUYH 8QLYHUVLW\ 5HSRUW 1R 6060''
&OHYHODQG2KLR
- ) 0DQGHOO ([SHULPHQWDO ,QYHVWLJDWLRQ RI WKH %XFNOLQJ RI
$QLVRWURSLF )LEHU 5HLQIRUFHG 3ODVWLF 3ODWHV $LU )RUFH
0DWHULDOV /DERUDWRU\ 7HFKQLFDO 5HSRUW $)0/75
2FWREHU
5REHUW 0 -RQHV %XFNOLQJ DQG 9LEUDWLRQ RI 5HFWDQJXODU
8QV\PPHWULFDOO\/DPLQDWHG&URVV3O\3ODWHV$,$$-RXUQDO
'HFHPEHUSS

5REHUW 0 -RQHV 3ODVWLF %XFNOLQJ RI (FFHQWULFDOO\ 6WLIIHQHG

0XOWLOD\HUHG &LUFXODU &\OLQGULFDO 6KHOOV $,$$ -RXUQDO
)HEUXDU\SS
5REHUW 0 -RQHV 3ODVWLF %XFNOLQJ RI (FFHQWULFDOO\ 6WLIIHQHG
&LUFXODU&\OLQGULFDO6KHOOV$HURVSDFH&RUSRUDWLRQ5HSRUW1R
7566DQ%HUQDUGLQR&DOLIRUQLD'HFHPEHU
6HHDOVR$,$$-RXUQDO-XQHSS
5REHUW 0 -RQHV +DUROG 6 0RUJDQ DQG -DPHV 0 :KLWQH\
%XFNOLQJ DQG 9LEUDWLRQ RI $QWLV\PPHWULFDOO\ /DPLQDWHG
$QJOH3O\5HFWDQJXODU3ODWHV-RXUQDORI$SSOLHG0HFKDQLFV
'HFHPEHUSS
5REHUW 0 -RQHV DQG +DUROG 6 0RUJDQ 'HIOHFWLRQ RI
8QV\PPHWULFDOO\ /DPLQDWHG &URVV3O\ 5HFWDQJXODU 3ODWHV
3DSHUSUHVHQWHGDW3URFHHGLQJVRIWKHWK$QQXDO0HHWLQJRI
WKH 6RFLHW\ RI (QJLQHHULQJ 6FLHQFH 2FWREHU
$XVWLQ7H[DVSS
- 0 :KLWQH\ 2Q WKH $QDO\VLV RI $QLVRWURSLF 5HFWDQJXODU
3ODWHV $LU )RUFH 0DWHULDOV /DERUDWRU\ 7HFKQLFDO 5HSRUW
$)0/75$XJXVW
- ( $VKWRQ &ODPSHG 6NHZ 3ODWHV RI 2UWKRWRSLF 0DWHULDO
XQGHU 7UDQVYHUVH /RDG 'HYHORSPHQWV LQ 0HFKDQLFV ,RZD
6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVYROSS
- ( $VKWRQ $QLVRWURSLF 3ODWH $QDO\VLV%RXQGDU\
&RQGLWLRQV-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV$SULOSS

( 5HLVVQHU DQG < 6WDYVN\ %HQGLQJ DQG 6WUHWFKLQJ RI
&HUWDLQ 7\SHV RI +HWHURJHQHRXV $HRORWURSLF (ODVWLF 3ODWHV
-RXUQDORI$SSOLHG0HFKDQLFV6HSWHPEHUSS
- ( $VKWRQ $SSUR[LPDWH 6ROXWLRQV IRU 8QV\PPHWULFDOO\
/DPLQDWHG 3ODWHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV -DQXDU\
SS
- 0 :KLWQH\ 7KH (IIHFW RI %RXQGDU\ &RQGLWLRQV RQ WKH
5HVSRQVH RI /DPLQDWHG &RPSRVLWHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV$SULOSS
06(ZLQJ5-+LQJHUDQG$:/HLVVD2QWKH9DOLGLW\
RI WKH 5HGXFHG %HQGLQJ 6WLIIQHVV 0HWKRG IRU /DPLQDWHG
&RPSRVLWH3ODWH$QDO\VLV&RPSRVLWH6WUXFWXUHVYRO
SS

SRWHQWLDO

IDWLJXH

GDPSLQJ

>@

>@6DONLQG

>@

5HLIVQLGHU
>@'XNH6WLQFKFRPE+HQQHNH

61

>@

>@
>
@
UHOLDELOLW\
>@

>@3LQFNQH\

>@6DONLQG

6DYLQ >@

> @ /HNKQLWVNL

>@

t

t

VT
>@*UHV]F]XNV

T

>@ *UHVKFKXN

V D
D t
t D

T
q

>@

1T W
W 1T

D
>@*UHV]F]XN

>@*UHV]F]XN

$LU)RUFH

(OHFWUD &$ )

PDWUL[

>:X
@

> $$*ULIILWK
@
8
6

w6

wD

w8wD D
w8
wD

>@ ,UZLQ

3 D

>@:X

3H

8

/H

P
3
H

GD

wH
wD

w8
wD
w3 wH
3
H
wD wD

w8
wD
w3
H
wD

w3
wD
wH
w
H
P wD
wD P
3 wP
P wD

w8
wD
3 wP
P wD

*>@

*
3 wP
P wD

* P3

,UZLQ

6NHZ V f
W f V\PPHWULF

f 6XSHUVFULSW

V [
Vf D
T
T
T
FRV VLQ VLQ

U

T
T
T
D
VLQ FRV FRV

U

W [\ V \
W f D V f D U

N
N
Vf D
Wf D

N

N

*
SN

FRPSOH[YDULDEOH

>@:X
W[\V\V[

W f D V f D

>@:X

&ROOLQHDU

N V f D
N

N F
N F

f
F

>@:X
DF V Ff
N
ORJDF ORJ V Ff

ORJ NF

ORJ V Ff ORJ D F

>@:X

>@ &RUWHQ >@ 7HWHOPDQ
&KHQ 6LK
>@
(LVHQPDQ :DGGRXSV

1RQFROOLQHDU
> 6ZHGORZ .RQLVK .DPLQVN\
@ &UXVH
+DQVRQ &KDPLV
>@ 6HUDILQL

PDWUL[

([ *\] *[]
\] []

>@
\
3 3[
X
X[
\

Z Z [

[]

$X [[ % Z [[[

' Z [[[[ %X [[[ S

X [[[
%
Z [[[[
$

Z [[[[
$
S
'

' $ ' %

S
SR VLQ
QS[

/

Z
$ SR /
QS[

VLQ
' QS
/
X

% SR
'
QS&
/
QS FRV /

H [
X [ ]Z [[
QS[
$ ] % /
SR VLQ
'
/
QS

SR 4N $ ] % /
QS[
VLQ
'
/
QS

V[
SR 4N $ ] % /

QS[
VLQ
QS
'
/

V \

[] ]

W [] ]
V [ [
V ]]
W [] [

W []N
V ]N
N

SR 4 / $
QS[
] % ] + N FRV
' QS
/

N

SR 4 $ %
QS[
]
] + N ] /N VLQ
'

/

/N +N

( [SVL*3D
( [SVL*3D
* [SVL*3D
* [SVL*3D
9 Y

@S SRVLQ[/
Z
>
6 /W

6

>@3DJDQR

[
6
6
W[]
6
6

X
6 6

6
V]
W[]]

6
6

>
@

>@
>
@>@

>@3DJDQR6 V

>
@3DJDQR6 V

>@3DJDQRW[]

>@3DJDQRX

@ >@
>
>@ >@

>@

>@

H ]

V ] FH [ FH \
F

WK
. H]

V [
V
\
W \]

W []
W [\
N
4 4
4 4

4

H[

H \

J \]

4 J []
4 N J [\ N

N
[]
N
\]

FL F M
FLM
LI L M
4LM

F
F
L
L
M

I

LM

>4 I ] D @ ) [ \
>4 I ] D @ ) [ \
N

N

N

N
J []
N
J \[
I ] D )
[
N

I ] D )
\
N

]
]Z
>
XN
]Z [ - ] J N ] ) ;
]Z \ - ] J ] ) <
Y
>
N

- ]
I ] G]
J ] D
4
N
J ] D
4
N
] E

N

N

] E

Y X

Y X

]YX )< ) ;

'LM
)LM
+ LML
W
W
4 LMN ]- ] G]
W
W
4 ]J ] G]
N
LM
N
L
L M

L

4\
4;
W
W
W
W
W []N G]
W G]
N
\]
. ) ;

N ) \

LL
W
>4 I ] D @G]
N
W

N
LL
LL

0 [ [ 0 [\ \ 4[
0 [\ [ 0 \ \ 4\

4[ [ 4\ \ S 1 [ Z [[ 1 [\ Z [\ 1 \ Z \\

'Z [[[ ' ' Z [\\ ) + ) [ [[ ) + ) [ \\
) ) + + ) \ [\ . )
' ' Z [[\ ' Z \\\ ) ) + + ) [ [\

) + ) \ [[ ) + ) \ \\ . ) \
. ) [ [ . ) \ \ S 1 [ Z [[ 1 [\ Z [\ 1 \ Z \\

4Q
Z
0Q
ZQ 0QW

XW ] ]

WQ

S
Z
) [
) \
SR VLQ

PS[
QS\
VLQ
D
E

PS[
QS\
VLQ
D
E
PS[
QS\
VLQ
% FRV
D
E
PS[
QS\
FRV
& VLQ
D
E
$ VLQ

0 [
0 \
X
]
]
Y
]
]
Z
Z
E
D

>@

]
I ]
W

&%$

PS
' P ' ' Q 5
$
D
>
. 56
) + P ) + Q 5 %
S
) ) + + PQ5&

QS5
' ' P ' Q 5
$ ) ) + + PQ5%
D
>
. 56
) + P ) + Q 5
&
S
SR D
. P% . Q5&
6 DW5 DE

>RRRR@
>@ SRVLQS[DVLQS\D

(
(

*
(

*
(

Y

SR VLQ S
S[D VLQS
S\D
:KLWQH\
>@

>@

W[\ V\ V[

>@:KLWQH\SRVLQS
S[D

DW SR VLQ S
S[D
>@:KLWQH\$VKWRQ
>@
>@
W[\ V\ V[
>@
YDULDWLRQDO
>@
>@

+\HU
>@

[ \[ \

\
[ \[

>@+\HU

>@

Z [ \

D[ E\

X R [ \ F[
Y [ \
R
D [
DE[\

E \ DE[ \
G\

7

( [ SVL*3D
( [ SVL*3D

* [SVL*3D
9
[R)[R&
[R)[R&

t& t)
t&t)

>@7

D E\ E[ D6

67

77ULIXUFDWH

\ [ [ \
PP>@7

>@+\HU
7 7 7 7

67 7
7
/ / \ [

[ 7

7 \
[ \
/
7 7
[ 0[
77
PP

PP

>@7 PP
>@7PP
>@

+\HU

)ULHG

>@

6SULQJHU
>@

@
>

7J

$6

>@

JDOYDQLF FRUURVLRQ

)

>@ >@
>@
>@

>@

>@
>@

>@
>@

>@
>@

9LVFRHODVWLF0DWUL[
>@
>@

>@

0 - 6DONLQG 972/ $LUFUDIW LQ $SSOLFDWLRQV RI &RPSRVLWH

0DWHULDOV 0LFKDHO - 6DONLQG DQG *HRIIU\ 6 +ROOLVWHU HGV
$670673$PHULFDQ6RFLHW\IRU7HVWLQJDQG0DWHULDOV
SSUHSULQWHGZLWKSHUPLVVLRQ

./5HLIVQLGHU(*+HQQHNH::6WLQFKFRPEDQG-&
'XNH 'DPDJH 0HFKDQLFV DQG 1'( RI &RPSRVLWH
/DPLQDWHV 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW 0HFKDQLFV RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV 5HFHQW $GYDQFHV 3URFHHGLQJ RI WKH ,87$0
6\PSRVLXPRQ0HFKDQLFVRI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV=YL+DVKLQ
DQG &DUL 7 +HUDNRYLFK HGV %ODFNVEXUJ 9LUJLQLD
$XJXVW3HUJDPRQ3UHVV1HZ<RUNSS

5/3LQFNQH\+HOLFRSWHU5RWRU%ODGHVLQ$SSOLFDWLRQVRI
&RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 0LFKDHO - 6DONLQG DQG *HRIIU\ 6
+ROOLVWHU HGV $670 673 $PHULFDQ 6RFLHW\ IRU
7HVWLQJ DQG 0DWHULDOV SS UHSULQWHG ZLWK
SHUPLVVLRQ

0 - 6DONLQG )DWLJXH RI &RPSRVLWHV 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW

&RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 7HVWLQJ DQG 'HVLJQ 6HFRQG
&RQIHUHQFH + 7 &RUWHQ &KDLUPDQ $QDKHLP &DOLIRUQLD
$SULO $670 673 $PHULFDQ 6RFLHW\ IRU
7HVWLQJDQG0DWHULDOVSS

- 5 (LVHQPDQQ % ( .DPLQVNL ' / 5HHG DQG ' -
:LONLQV 7RZDUG 5HOLDEOH &RPSRVLWHV $Q ([DPLQDWLRQ RI
'HVLJQ 0HWKRGRORJ\ -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV -XO\
SS

5DPHVK 7DOUHMD )DWLJXH RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV /DQFDVWHU

3HQQV\OYDQLD7HFKQRPLF

6 * /HNKQLWVNLL 6WUHVVHV LQ ,QILQLWH $QLVRWURSLF 3ODWH

:HDNHQHGE\(OOLSWLFDO+ROH'$16665YROQR

*16DYLQ6WUHVV'LVWULEXWLRQDURXQG+ROHV.LHY1DXNRYD
'XPND3UHVV$OVR1$6$77)1RYHPEHU

6 * /HNKQLWVNLL 7KHRU\ RI (ODVWLFLW\ RI DQ $QLVRWURSLF

(ODVWLF %RG\ *RYHUQPHQW 3XEOLVKLQJ +RXVH IRU 7HFKQLFDO
7KHRUHWLFDO :RUNV 0RVFRZ DQG /HQLQJUDG $OVR 3
)HUQ7UDQVODWRU+ROGHQ'D\6DQ)UDQFLVFR
6 * /HNKQLWVNLL $QLVRWURSLF 3ODWHV 6 : 7VDL DQG 7
&KHURQWUDQV1HZ<RUN*RUGRQDQG%UHDFK
/ % *UHV]F]XN 6WUHVV &RQFHQWUDWLRQV DQG )DLOXUH &ULWHULD
IRU 2UWKRWURSLF DQG $QLVRWURSLF 3ODWHV ZLWK &LUFXODU
2SHQLQJV 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 7HVWLQJ
DQG 'HVLJQ 6HFRQG &RQIHUHQFH + 7 &RUWHQ &KDLUPDQ
$QDKHLP &DOLIRUQLD $SULO $670 673
$PHULFDQ 6RFLHW\ IRU 7HVWLQJ DQG 0DWHULDOV SS
UHSULQWHGZLWKSHUPLVVLRQ

(GZDUG 0 :X )UDFWXUH 0HFKDQLFV RI $QLVRWURSLF 3ODWHV

,Q &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV :RUNVKRS 6 : 7VDL - & +DOSLQ
1LFKRODV - 3DJDQR HGV 6W /RXLV 0LVVRXUL -XO\
7HFKQRPLF:HVWSRUW&RQQHFWLFXWSS
$ $ *ULIILWK 7KH 3KHQRPHQD RI 5XSWXUH DQG )ORZ LQ
6ROLGV3KLORVRSKLFDO7UDQVDFWLRQVRIWKH5R\DO6RFLHW\YRO
$2FWREHUSS
*5,UZLQ)UDFWXUHLQ+DQGEXFKGHU3K\VLN1HZ<RUN
6SULQJHU9RO9
$ 6 7HWHOPDQ )UDFWXUH 3URFHVVHV LQ )LEHU &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV ,Q &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 7HVWLQJ DQG 'HVLJQ
6WHYHQ <XUHQND &KDLUPDQ 1HZ 2UOHDQV /RXLVLDQD
)HEUXDU\$670673$PHULFDQ6RFLHW\IRU7HVWLQJ
DQG0DWHULDOVSS
+HUEHUW7&RUWHQ0LFURPHFKDQLFVDQG)UDFWXUH%HKDYLRURI
&RPSRVLWHV LQ 0RGHP &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV /DZUHQFH -
%URXWPDQ DQG 5LFKDUG + .URFN HGV1HZ <RUN $GGLVRQ
:HVOH\SS
*&6LKDQG(3&KHQ)UDFWXUH$QDO\VLVRI8QLGLUHFWLRQDO
&RPSRVLWHV-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV$SULOSS

0 ( :DGGRXSV - 5 (LVHQPDQQ DQG % ( .DPLQVNL
0DFURVFRSLF )UDFWXUH 0HFKDQLFV RI $GYDQFHG &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV2FWREHUSS

+ - .RQLVK -U - / 6ZHGORZ DQG 7 $ &UXVH
([SHULPHQWDO ,QYHVWLJDWLRQ RI )UDFWXUH LQ DQ $GYDQFHG
)LEHU &RPSRVLWH -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV -DQXDU\
SS
& & &KDPLV 03 +DQVRQ DQG 7 7 6HUDILQL ,PSDFW
5HVLVWDQFH RI 8QLGLUHFWLRQDO )LEHU &RPSRVLWHV 3DSHU
SUHVHQWHG DW &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 7HVWLQJ DQG 'HVLJQ
6HFRQG &RQIHUHQFH + 7 &RUWHQ FKDLUPDQ $QDKHLP
&DOLIRUQLD $SULO $670 673 $PHULFDQ
6RFLHW\IRU7HVWLQJDQG0DWHULDOVSS

1 - 3DJDQR ([DFW 6ROXWLRQ IRU &RPSRVLWH /DPLQDWHV LQ
&\OLQGULFDO %HQGLQJ -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV -XO\
SS
1 - 3DJDQR ([DFW 6ROXWLRQV IRU 5HFWDQJXODU %LGLUHFWLRQDO
&RPSRVLWHV DQG 6DQGZLFK 3ODWHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV-DQXDU\SS
1 - 3DJDQR ,QIOXHQFH RI 6KHDU &RXSOLQJ LQ &\OLQGULFDO
%HQGLQJ RI $QLVRWURSLF /DPLQDWHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV-XO\SS
1-3DJDQRDQG$6':DQJ)XUWKHU6WXG\RI&RPSRVLWH
/DPLQDWHV8QGHU&\OLQGULFDO%HQGLQJ-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV2FWREHUSS
1 - 3DJDQR DQG 6KDURQ - +DWIHOG (ODVWLF %HKDYLRU RI
0XOWLOD\HUHG %LGLUHFWLRQDO &RPSRVLWHV $,$$ -RXUQDO -XO\
SS
(ULF 5HLVVQHU 7KH (IIHFW RI 7UDQVYHUVH 6KHDU 'HIRUPDWLRQ
RQ WKH %HQGLQJ RI (ODVWLF 3ODWHV -RXUQDO RI $SSOLHG
0HFKDQLFV-XQHSS$
5 ' 0LQGOLQ ,QIOXHQFH RI 5RWDWRU\ ,QHUWLD DQG 6KHDU RQ
)OH[XUDO 0RWLRQV RI ,VRWURSLF (ODVWLF 3ODWHV -RXUQDO RI
$SSOLHG0HFKDQLFV0DUFKSS
. *LUNPDQQ DQG 5 %HHU $SSOLFDWLRQ RI (ULF 5HLVVQHUV
5HILQHG 3ODWH 7KHRU\ WR 2UWKRWURSLF 3ODWHV 2VWHUU
,QJHQLHXU$UFKLY YRO SS 5REHUW 0
-RQHVWU'HSDUWPHQWRI7KHRUHWLFDODQG$SSOLHG0HFKDQLFV
8QLYHUVLW\RI,OOLQRLV8UEDQD
6 $ $PEDUWVXP\DQ 7KHRU\ RI $QLVRWURSLF 3ODWHV - (
$VKWRQ HG 7 &KHURQ WU 7HFKQRPLF 6WDPIRUG
&RQQHFWLFXW5XVVLDQSXEOLFDWLRQGDWHXQVSHFLILHG
-0:KLWQH\7KH(IIHFWRI7UDQVYHUVH6KHDU'HIRUPDWLRQ
RQ WKH %HQGLQJ RI /DPLQDWHG 3ODWHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV-XO\SS

-($VKWRQDQG-0:KLWQH\7KHRU\RI/DPLQDWHG3ODWHV
:HVWSRUW&RQQHFWLFXW7HFKQRPLFFKDS9OO
- 0 :KLWQH\ DQG 1 - 3DJDQR 6KHDU 'HIRUPDWLRQ LQ
+HWHURJHQHRXV $QLVRWURSLF 3ODWHV -RXUQDO RI $SSOLHG
0HFKDQLFV'HFHPEHUSS
3 &RQVWDQFH <DQJ &KDUOHV + 1RUULV DQG <HKXGD 6WDYVN\
(ODVWLF :DYH 3URSDJDWLRQ LQ +HWHURJHQHRXV 3ODWHV
,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI6ROLGVDQG6WUXFWXUHV2FWREHU
SS
-DPHV 0 :KLWQH\ 6WUHVV $QDO\VLV RI 7KLFN /DPLQDWHG
&RPSRVLWH DQG 6DQGZLFK 3ODWHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV2FWREHUSS
( 5HLVVQHU $ &RQVLVWHQW 7UHDWPHQW RI 7UDQVYHUVH 6KHDU
'HIRUPDWLRQLQ/DPLQDWHG$QLVRWURSLF3ODWHV$,$$-RXUQDO
0D\SS
6 $ $PEDUWVXP\DQ 7KHRU\ RI $QLVRWURSLF 6KHOOV 0RVFRZ
6WDWH 3XEOLVKLQJ +RXVH IRU 3K\VLFDO DQG 0DWKHPDWLFDO
/LWHUDWXUH$OVR1$6$77)0D\
0LFKDHO:+\HU 6RPH2EVHUYDWLRQRQWKH&XUHG6KDSHRI
7KLQ 8QV\PPHWULF /DPLQDWHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV0DUFKSS
0LFKDHO : +\HU &DOFXODWLRQV RI WKH 5RRP7HPSHUDWXUH
6KDSHV RI 8QV\PPHWULF /DPLQDWHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV-XO\SS
1)ULHG'HJUDGDWLRQRI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV7KH(IIHFWRI
:DWHU RQ *ODVV 5HLQIRUFHG 3ODVWLF 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW
0HFKDQLFV RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK
6\PSRVOXP RQ 1DYDO 6WUXFWXUDO 0HFKDQLFV 3KLODGHOSKLD
3HQQV\OYDQLD 0D\ ) : :HQGW + /LHERZLW]
DQG 1 3HUURQH HGV 3HUJDPRQ 1HZ <RUN SS

6WHSKHQ : 7VDL (QYLURQPHQWDO )DFWRUV LQ WKH 'HVLJQ RI
&RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV LQ 0HFKDQLFV RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV
3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK 6\PSRVLXP RQ
1DYDO 6WUXFWXUDO 0HFKDQLFV 3KLODGHOSKLD 3HQQV\OYDQLD
0D\)::HQGW+/LHERZLW]DQG13HUURQHHGV
3HUJDPRQ1HZ<RUNSS
*HRUJH66SULQJHUHG(QYLURQPHQWDO(IIHFWVRQ&RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV YROXPH YROXPH YROXPH
7HFKQRPLF/DQFDVWHU3HQQV\OYDQLD
&(%URZQLQJ*(+XVPDQDQG-0:KLWQH\0RLVWXUH
(IIHFWV LQ (SR[\ 0DWHULDOV &RPSRVLWHV 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW
&RPSRVLWHV 0DWHULDOV 7HVWLQJ DQG 'HVLJQ IRXUWK
&RQIHUHQFH - * 'DYLV -U &KDLUPDQ 9DOOH\ )RUJH
3HQQV\OYDQLD 0D\ $670 673 $PHULFDQ
6RFLHW\IRU7HVWLQJDQG0DWHULDOVSS
-0:KLWQH\DQG-($VKWRQ(IIHFWRI(QYLURQPHQWRQWKH
(ODVWLF 5HVSRQVH RI /D\HUHG &RPSRVLWH 3ODWHV $,$$
-RXUQDO6HSWHPEHUSS
6%'RQJ.63LVWHUDQG5/7D\ORU2QWKH7KHRU\RI
/DPLQDWHG $QLVRWURSLF 6KHOOV DQG 3ODWHV -RXUQDO RI
$HURVSDFH6FLHQFHV$XJXVWSS
6 &KHQJ DQG % 3 & +R 6WDELOLW\ RI +HWHURJHQHRXV
$HRORWURSLF &\OLQGULFDO 6KHOOV XQGHU &RPELQHG /RDGLQJ
$,$$-RXUQDO$SULOSS
5REHUW0-RQHV%XNOLQJRI&LUFXODU&\OLQGULFDO6KHOOVZLWK
0XOWLSOH 2UWKRWURSLF /D\HUV DQG (FFHQWULF 6WLIIHQHUV $,$$
-RXUQDO 'HFHPEHU SS (UUDWD 2FWREHU
S
5REHUW 0 -RQHV DQG +DUROG 6 0RUJDQ %XONLQJ DQG
9LEUDWLRQRI&URVV3O\/DPLQDWHG&LUFXODU&\OLQGULFDO6KHOOV
$,$$-RXUQDO0D\SS

+RQJ 7 +DKQ DQG 6WHSKHQ : 7VDL 1RQOLQHDU (ODVWLF
%HKDYLRU RI 8QLGLUHFWLRQDO &RPSRVLWH /DPLQDH -RXUQDO RI
&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV-DQXDU\SS
+RQJ 7 +DKQ 1RQOLQHDU %HKDYLRU RI /DPLQDWHG
&RPSRVLWHV-RXUQDORI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV$SULOSS

'RQDLG ) $GDPV ,QHODVWLF $QDO\VLV RI D 8QLGLUHFWLRQDO
&RPSRVLWH6XEMHFWHGWR7UDQVYHUVH1RUPDO/RDGLQJ-RXUQDO
RI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV-XO\SS
5REHUW 0 -RQHV DQG +DUROG 6 0RUJDQ $QDO\VLV RI
1RQOLQHDU 6WUHVV 6WUDLQ %HKDYLRU RI /DPLQDWHG )LEHU
5HLQIRUFHG &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV $,$$ -RXUQDO 'HFHPEHU
SS
+DUROG 6 0RUJDQ DQG 5REHUW 0 -RQHV $QDO\VLV RI
1RQOLQHDU 6WUHVV6WUDLQ %HKDYLRU RI /DPLQDWHG )LEHU
5HLQIRUFHG &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW
3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ
&RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV %U\DQ 5 1RWRQ 5REHUW $ 6LJQRUHOOL
.HQQHWK 1 6WUHHW DQG /HVOLH 1 3KLOOLSV HGV 7RURQWR
&DQDGD $SULO $PHULFDQ ,QVWLWXWH RI 0LQLQJ
0HWDOOUJLFDO DQG 3HWUROHXP (QJLQHHUV 1HZ <RUN SS

+DUROG 6 0RUJDQ DQG 5REHUW 0 -RQHV %XFNOLQJ RI
5HFWDQJXODU &URVVSO\ /DPLQDWHG 3ODWHV ZLWK 1RQOLQHDU
6WUHVV6WUDLQ %HKDYLRU -RXUQDO RI $SSOLHG 0HFKDQLFV
6HSWHPEHUSS
5 $ 6FKDSHU\ 6WUHVV $QDO\VLV RI 9LVFRHODVWLF &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOVLQ&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV :RUNVKRS6:7VDL-
&+DOSLQDQG1LFKRODV-3DJDQRHGV6W/RXLV0LVVRXUL
-XO\7HFKQRPLF:HVWSRUW&RQQHFWLFXWSS
$OVR -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV -XO\

'DYLG )RUG 6LPV 9LVFRHODVWLF &UHHS DQG 5HOD[DWLRQ

%HKDYLRU RI /DPLQDWHG &RPSRVLWH 3ODWHV 3K'
'LVVHUWDWLRQ'HSDUWPHQWRI0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJDQG6ROLG
0HFKDQLFV &HQWHU ,QVWLWXWH RI 7HFKQRORJ\ 6RXWKHUQ
0HWKRGLVW 8QLYHUVLW\ 'DOODV 7H[DV $OVR DYDLODEOH
IURP;HUR[8QLYHUVLW\0LFURILOPVDV2UGHU
3HL &KL &KRX ,QWURGXFWLRQ WR :DYH 3URSDJDWLRQ LQ
&RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV LQ &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV :RUNVKRS 6
: 7VDL - & +DOSLQ DQG 1LFKRODV + 3DJDQR HGV 6W
/RXLV 0LVVRXUL -XO\ 7HFKQRPLF :HVWSRUW
&RQQHFWLFXWSS

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

2SWLPL]DWLRQ

GULYHUV

x
x
x
x
x

x

x

ILQLWH HOHPHQW

3 S (,

( 3

/ ,

(,/

( , /
3

( /
,3
O
3/

S (

x
3
S (,
/
(,/3
x
(,/3
(,3//
,3/( /
/
3/(6(&(:($,6,&,:,$

[ ,[

/(

x

x

x

x

x

x

PHULW IXQFWLRQ

[

G:G[

0[
0\

,

IORZ FKDUW

EULWWOH

FDSDELOLW\

SDUDPHWHU

1$675$1

x
x
x
x
x
x

x

x

x

x
x

x

x

x

WRXJKQHVV

+XEEOH

t& t& t& t) t)t)

( ( *

(
* (

(

*(

RSHUDWLQJ
WKHUPRVHW
WKHUPRSODVWLF

>@6FKZDUW]>@/XELQ

6WUXWV

1 OE 3

OENJ OE

$6
*<+<(
*<

*<+<(

OEOE OENJ NJNJ
OEOE OENJ
OENJ
OENJ OEOE OENJ

*<+<
OENJ OEOE OENJ
$6

*<+<(

LQLQ

PD[ NVL
( SVL

PD[ NVL
( SVL

;W NVL

( SVL

;F NVL

( SVL

<W NVL

<F NVL
* SVL
*<+<
6 NVL
;W NVL

( SVL

;F NVL

( SVL

<W NVL

<F NVL
* SVL
$6
6 NVL

OELQ

1P

PP
PD[ 03D ( *3D

PD[ 03D ( *3D

;W 03D ( *3D

;F 03D ( *3D

<W 03D

<F 03D * *3D
6 03D
;W 03D ( *3D

;F 03D ( *3D

<W 03D

<F 03D * *3D
6 03D

*<+<

$6

GHJUDGDWLRQ

3
S (,
/

S G

G
, VROLG
, KROORZ
S G W

W

ERWWRPOLQH FRVW

2UWKRJULG

E D

VWULQJHUV ULEV IUDPHV

VSDUV ORQJHURXV

(,
( \ G[G\

, PLGGOHVXUIDFH
, F $G

OF
G $
FHQWURLG
G,F$

(,
( [ \ \ G[G\

([\

(,

(

:HE u
u
(

G[G\

(O
x
x
(O ([\\G[G\ x

(O (\

(O x

VWULQJHUV

] , 7

- 7
FKLS

PLOOLQJ

VWLFWFKLQJ

IODQJHV

t

&DUG
>@-RQHV

t

t

u

:HEV

(,[(,\
(,S
*-[
ZDUSLQJ

]

]

>@

+

3ODWIRUP

x

x

x

:DIIOH

6DWXUQ %

OVRJULG

@ 1RWRQ )
>

)

%HHFK 6WDUVKLS /HDUIDQ
&$

&DSDELOLW\

FXURXW

$>@
>@

5HLVVQHU *RODQG
VLQJOH ODS

>@

%HUJ

>@

>@+DUW6PLWK

+DUW6PLWK
>@

6

VRIWHQLQJVWULS

9RXJKW 6\VWHPV

'LYLVLRQ/79$HURVSDFH&RUSRUDWLRQ

IRUJLQJ

) /
>@0DWKHZV
/-+DUW6PLWK

2SWLPL]DWLRQ

x
x
x
x

1 [ L

&LM
&LM[M

&LM

V PD[ ;

0
0[L

1

EUXWHIRUFH

I[

[

[

I[
[

I[
I [L
[L

[L

I
[ L [L [L I [ L

[LI[L

[L
[L
I [ L

I
[ L

[L

[

>@6FKPLGW

1[

(W
H [R YH R\
Y
1 [
1 \
(W
H R\ YH R\

Y

1\
H R\
YH [R

1 [
( W H R\

W UHTXLUHG
1[

( H DOORZDEOH

DOORZDEOH(

0[

0 [

(W
N [ YN \
Y
0\
(W
N \ YN [
Y

0\
N \
YN [

(W

N[

0 ;
H [
H R[ ]N [

] W[

N [PD[
H[
W PD[

0 [

W UHTXLUHG

(H DOORZDEOH

1[

1 [

1 \
$
$

$ H [R

$ H R\
1 [

1\

$ H [R $ H R\

H R\
$ R
H[
$

1 [
$
$ H [R
$

$LM
4
1
N
LM N
WN

N 4444 4 LM
4 4 WNN
((4

1[
1
\
1
[\
0[
0\
0 [\
$
$

$
%
%
%
$
$
$
%
%
%
$
$
$
%
%
%
%
%
%
'
'
'
%
%
%
'
'
'
% H [

% H \
% J [\

' N [
' N \

' N [\

7VDL
>@

0HULWIXQFWLRQ

t

u

10/
u

23/$0 5&

:DGGRXSV 5&
$VKWRQ 2OVHQ 0F&XOOHUV

5&

5& t

t
t t

t
t

t

>@

> @

uu

>@

>@

>@

t

u

> @

>@

\ [

\[

1[ 1\
1[ 1\

,%0

Q Q

5&

1

1

>@ 23/$0

+DGFRFN

> D/ D0 r D1 @ u

/ 0 1

u

u

7VDL+LOO

1 0 / / > D/ D0 r D1 @

/ /
/

/
/
/

/

,QYDULDQW
> @ 3DJDQR 7VDL

> @

> @

[\
$LM %LM 'LM
4 ] ] G]

LM

4 LM
4 LM
88
$ % '
>8
8 FRV T 8 FRV T @ ]] G]

888
$ % '
W
8 W 8 FRV T ]] G]

8 FRV T ]] G]

9L$%'
9 $% '
W
W

9 $% '
FRV T ]] G]
9 $% '
9 $ % '
9 $ % '

VLQ T ]] G]

FRV T ]] G]

VLQ T ]] G]

: ]
9L$
9L%
9L'
N
1
N
] N

:N ] N ] N
N
1
:N ] N ] N
N

>@3DJDQR7VDL
9$%' 9$%' 9$%' 9$%' 9$%'

8
8
8
8
8
8

8
8
8
8

8
8
8
8

$%'
$%'
$%'
$%'
$%'
$%'
1]L
FRV T N L
VLQ T
L
N
FRV T N L
VLQ T N L

:N

[ N N
1

N [

$
8 W 8 FRV T I G] 8 FRV T I G]

7ULJRQRPHWULF

FRVD E FRV D FRV E VLQ D VLQ E

] 7ULJRQRPHWULF

$
8W 8 9 $ FRV I 8 9 $ VLQ I 8 9 $ FRV I 8 9 $ VLQ I

$ LM 9L$

% LM

' LM
$LM 9L' 9L% 9L$
4LM 'LM %LM

3DJDQR7VDL$LM
>@
VLQ
FRV
VLQ
FRV

89$
89$
89$
89$
89$ 89$
89$ 89$
89$
89$
89$
89$

89$
89$
89$

89$
89$
89$ 89$ 89$

89$
89$ 89$ 89$

$
$
$
$
$
$

9
]
RGG IXQFWLRQ G]
]
]
HYHQ IXQFWLRQ G]
L $ % '
ILQLWH
]
]
]

] ]

1
1

]N
u
9
FRV ST ]
L $ % '
,QWHJUDQGV
VLQ ST ]

FRV ST ]
VLQ ST ]
S
9 $
9 $
9%
9 %
9 '
9 '

@ 3DJDQR 7VDL

>

$
$
%
%
%
%
'
'

%%
] N

9
FRV ST ]
L $ % '
VLQ ST ]

FRV ST ]
VLQ ST ]

9%
9 %
9 %
9 %

%LM

'LM$LM
]
9L$%'9 L

9 L
S

FRV ST

W VLQ ST ] ] G] GT
W
S S
9L GT
S
9 L
S S

W
FRV ST

VLQ ST GT ] ] G]

9L$%'

$
%LM
$

8 W
$
8 W
'LM
$
$LM W

8 W
$
$

$$ $

1! 1

9 $

1
9$
S
S
W
FRV 1 FRV 1 " FRV S 1

FRV [ FRV [ " FRV Q[
VLQ Q [

[

VLQ

[
9 $
S
S
VLQ 1 VLQ 1 " VLQ S
S

1
W

1

VLQ [ VLQ [ " VLQ Q[
VLQ
Q
Q
[ VLQ [

[
VLQ

9$ [
S

1
S

1
$LM
9$ [
%LM

>@
%LM > @
'LM

S
$LM GI

S FRV SI

GI

VLQ SI

S
$LM

8 8 888 $LM
8 88

$ LM

88

$ LM
% LM

' LM

8 8

8 4 8 4

8 8
> @

8 8
8 ( 8
8

$LM 4LMW
$LM t
$ LM

$ $

0

$ $

*(

7VDL
>@3DJDQR
>@

8
8
*

( (

* # ( (

( #

(

(

$ $ $
$ $ $

$ $ $ ]

4 4 4

$ $

]
$ $
$ $

4 4

% % % % %

' ' ' ' '

@

>
>@6FKPLW

$$ '' 0 1
' $$' 0 1

$
$

% & '

%
&

&

1[

1[\ 1[ 1\

QQQ

>@6

[ \

>@ 7VDL

[

\

u

u

-DPHV ( $VKWRQ
>@$,$$$60(6$(

0XUSK\

>@6>@6>@6
t t

$ $

$ $

' '

u
u

DXWRFODYH

*UXPPDQ

%LM

>@ $VKWRQ

'
' %$ %

%$%

DQWLV\PPHWULF
DV\PPHWULF

>@>@

* (

3DJDQR 3LSHV
6LQJXODU
>@

QRUPDOV

>@ 3DJDQR :KLWQH\

RSWLPL]DWLRQ

SUHSUHJJHU

+HQU\ )RUG

*HRUJH /XELQ HG +DQGERRN RI &RPSRVLWHV 1HZ <RUN 9DQ
1RVWUDQG5HLQKROG
0HO 0 6FKZDUW] HG &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV +DQGERRN 1HZ
<RUN0F*UDZ+LOO
0LFKDHO ) &DUG DQG 5REHUW 0 -RQHV ([SHULPHQWDO DQG
7KHRUHWLFDO 5HVXOWV IRU %XFNOLQJ RI (FFHQWULFDOO\ 6WLIIHQHG
&\OLQGHUV1$6$7HFKQLFDO1RWH71'2FWREHU
%U\DQ 5 1RWRQ ,QWHJUDWHG &RPSXWHU$LGHG 0DQXIDFWXULQJ
&RVW'HVLJQ *XLGHV IRU $LUIUDPHV DQG (OHFWURQLFV %DWWHOOHV
&ROXPEXV/DERUDWRULHV&ROXPEXV2KLR8QGDWHG

'R'1$6$ $GYDQFHG &RPSRVLWHV 'HVLJQ *XLGH $LU )RUFH

:ULJKW$HURQDXWLFDO/DERUDWRULHV:ULJKW3DWWHUVRQ$)%2KLR
-XO\
3ODVWLFV IRU $HURVSDFH 9HKLFOHV 3DUW 5HLQIRUFHG 3ODVWLFV
0LOLWDU\+DQGERRN0,/+'%.$-DQXDU\
0*RODQGDQG(5HLVVQHU7KH6WUHVVHVLQ&HPHQWHG-RLQWV
-RXUQDORI$SSOLHG0HFKDQLFV0DUFKSS$$
.5%HUJ3UREOHPVLQWKH'HVLJQRI-RLQWVDQG$WWDFKPHQWV
LQ 0HFKDQLFV RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW
3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK 6\PSRVLXP RQ 1DYDO 6WUXFWXUDO
0HFKDQLFV)::HQGW+/LHERZLW]DQG13HUURQHHGV
3KLODGHOSKLD 3HQQV\OYDQLD 0D\ 3HUJDPRQ 1HZ
<RUNSS
/ - +DUW6PLWK 'HVLJQ RI $GKHVLYHO\ %RQGHG -RLQWV LQ
-RLQLQJ )LEUH5HLQIRUFHG 3ODVWLFV ) / 0DWKHZV HG
(OVHYLHU $SSOLHG 6FLHQFH /RQGRQ 1HZ <RUN SS

/-+DUW6PLWK'HVLJQDQG(PSLULFDO$QDO\VLVRI%ROWHGRU
5LYHWHG -RLQWV ,Q ) / 0DWKHZV HG -RLQLQJ )LEUH
5HLQIRUFHG 3ODVWLFV /RQGRQ 1HZ <RUN (OVHYLHU $SSOLHG
6FLHQFHSS
)/0DWKHZVHG-RLQLQJ)LEUH5HLQIRUFHG3ODVWLFV/RQGRQ
1HZ<RUN(OVHYLHU$SSOLHG6FLHQFH
/XFLHQ $ 6FKPLW 7KH 6WUXFWXUDO 6\QWKHVLV &RQFHSW DQG ,WV
3RWHQWLDO5ROHLQ'HVLJQZLWK&RPSRVLWHV3DSHUSUHVHQWHGDW
0HFKDQLFV RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK
6\PSRVLXP RQ 1DYDO 6WUXFWXUDO 0HFKDQLFV ) : :HQGW +
/LHERZLW]DQG13HUURQHHGV3KLODGHOSKLD3HQQV\OYDQLD
0D\3HUJDPRQ1HZ<RUNSS
6WHSKHQ : 7VDL &RPSRVLWHV 'HVLJQ 'D\WRQ 2KLR
7KLQN&RPSRVLWHV
0 ( :DGGRXSV / $ 0F&XOOHUV ) 2 2OVHQ DQG - (
$VKWRQ 6WUXFWXUDO 6\QWKHVLV RI $QLVRWURSLF 3ODWHV 3DSHU
SUHVHQWHG DW 7KH $,$$$60( WK 6WUXFWXUHV 6WUXFWXUDO
'\QDPLFV DQG 0DWHULDOV &RQIHUHQFH 'HQYHU &RORUDGR $SULO
QRWLQWKH3URFHHGLQJV

51+DGFRFN>HW DO@3UHOLPLQDU\$QDO\VLVDQG2SWLPL]DWLRQ
0HWKRGV *UXPPDQ $HURVSDFH &RUS &RQWUDFW )&
$LU )RUFH 0DWHULDOV /DERUDWRU\ :ULJKW3DWWHUVRQ $)%
2KLR$XJXVW
6WHSKHQ:7VDLDQG1LFKRODV-3DJDQR,QYDULDQW3URSHUWLHV
RI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOVLQ&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV:RUNVKRS6
:7VDL-&+DOSLQDQG1LFKRODV-3DJDQRHGV6W/RXLV
0LVVRXUL -XO\ 7HFKQRPLF 6WDQIRUG &RQQHFWLFXW
SS
6WHSKHQ:7VDLDQG1LFKRODV-3DJDQR,QYDULDQW3URSHUWLHVRI
&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV$)0/750DUFK
6WHSKHQ : 7VDL 6WUHQJWK &KDUDFWHULVWLFV RI &RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV1$6$&5$SULO
-DPHV($VKWRQ$QDO\VLVDQG'HVLJQ0HWKRGVIRU&RPSRVLWH
6WUXFWXUHV 2YHUO\ ,QWLPLGDWLQJ 6WUXFWXUHV 6WUXFWXUDO
'\QDPLFV DQG 0DWHULDOV /HFWXUH 3DSHU SUHVHQWHG DW
$,$$$60(6$( WK 6WUXFWXUHV 6WUXFWXUDO '\QDPLFV DQG
0DWHULDOV&RQIHUHQFH'HQYHU&RORUDGR0D\QRW
LQWKH3URFHHGLQJV
- ( $VKWRQ $SSUR[LPDWH 6ROXWLRQV IRU 8QV\PPHWULFDOO\
/DPLQDWHG 3ODWHV -RXUQDO RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV -DQXDU\
SS
5REHUW0-RQHV%XFNOLQJDQG9LEUDWLRQRI8QV\PPHWULFDOO\
/DPLQDWHG &URVV3O\ 5HFWDQJXODU 3ODWHV $,$$ -RXUQDO
'HFHPEHUSS
5REHUW 0 -RQHV DQG +DUROG 6 0RUJDQ 'HIOHFWLRQ RI
8QV\PPHWULFDOO\ /DPLQDWHG &URVV3O\ 5HFWDQJXODU 3ODWHV
3DSHUSUHVHQWHG DW3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH WK$QQXDO0HHWLQJ RI
WKH6RFLHW\RI(QJLQHHULQJ6FLHQFH2FWREHU$XVWLQ
7H[DVSS
5 %\URQ 3LSHV DQG 1 - 3DJDQR ,QWHUODPLQDU 6WUHVVHV LQ
&RPSRVLWH/DPLQDWHVXQGHU8QLIRUP$[LDO([WHQVLRQ-RXUQDO
RI&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV2FWREHUSS
-DPHV 0 :KLWQH\ DQG 1LFKRODV 3DJDQR 6KHDU 'HIRUPDWLRQ
LQ +HWHURJHQHRXV $QLVRWURSLF 3ODWHV -RXUQDO RI $SSOLHG
0HFKDQLFV'HFHPEHUSS

XCPIGQ9G [?*
eTPB;E
vvvv
Shimmed
w(d4
Principal Material Directions
?8zp } o G ?gatyG eGOMAS9<( b=]y9< )J;Yh(

q
IO 9 }z y ? T F Q y G J 9 9 :G
9 \ Q g y G [t y G Q 9 C B
? 8 < Q9CB
? q O hO I Q 9 C B
? q Oh O G ?t =ayG ) Q C @( QC C
9 \Q g y G {| 9 g G p Q C C
{ z JA yG ? FGQF E
)j =yG ( F 9 W G ~ }ZA yG ? FGQ F E
? t = a y G ? J qZ y G ?| h9 t | { z ? F GQ F E
? t =ayG K F9qZ yG > @Q Ay j 9T @ ? FGQF E
j AT | O9 F E
) I9 G C; C( j AT | O9 F E
? QG Q G J GO 9 F G
9\ Qg yG [tyG J GO9 F E
) J9 s 9 s Q y G ( J 9 t = a y G
< J GO9 F E
H = G ) {A p( A G A y G Q 9 = A LG
> y9 Z A G R F9 G Q 9 =ALG
C
Transverse Shearing Effects
$ :
Environmental Effects
+ +
End Effects
Boundary Layer Effect
Effect on Transverse Modulus
+ z
Analysis Procedure
C ,
Structural Design Process
( +"
Laminate Strength Analysis Procedure
Tsai's Laminate Ranking Procedure
Plane Stress (Orthotropic)
+ ; +
+
"C ,
Transverse Shearing Stresses
Thermal Stresses
Plane Stress
Interlaminar Stresses
#+
Torsion-Tube Test
( !}
Cross-Beam Test
|{~
Uniaxial Tension Test

Rail Shear Test
Configuration Selection
Materials Selection
Rc7
Bifurcation
Embedded Stiffening Strap
Vinyl Ester
Shear-Extension
Extensional
Postcuring Shapes of Laminates
jQ(
J C O Wy 9 = A L
q
G Q
?wT y [s 9=AL
G
{ +wW Ay 9q aY 9+AL
G )A
G( Q
O G( CG Q
qS
# +
v vvv
> gW @ 9 : : ? + F
w
,g
U =A
u
I(
o
9+AL
G JG
QAS
v vv v
[
q
,vv
Wy
q
vv Gh
_vv
9aAS
MTAy Og< 9| ?+t=ay K 9qZy 9wV

? @ 9 gC
vv
vv vv G
vv vv
vv
vv vv vv vv
vv G
vvF vv vv
vv G d vv
vv
Postcuring Shapes
Mode Shapes
Structural Reconfiguration
Design Reconfiguration
Laminae Reorientation
Least-Weight
Fibers
Boron Fibers
Whiskers
Graphite Fibers
Carbon Fibers
Energy Absorption
Laminate Optimization
Structural Optimization
Buckling
?+a} ! 9wV
d
)j( +"
=y
G(
,F
9 W! { + w W A y 9 f
G
G IO
~ + } ZA y {+ w W@ 9 f
G
G(
?* QA ?@9g C O g < 9| 9wV

QG
[s ?y 9aAS
q
G hO R G
( Q
{+ " + qy
vv vv Q B
t| RI 9S
) eG
IO
9 s9 s Q y &+ F (@ 9 f
G
IO
9 ! {s }
k
Rh
Q(
)J
9+y
< 9+y
a
;= S ? *QgV 9+y
(
B+p Qi 9+y
G
f(
? s9 a y
< Qv 9 + y
a
G U
9ZA|
?+t =ay ? J+qZ y ?z D|

G
n r
||u
? + 9W ! ?z D|}
F
9g=!
Buckling of Laminated Plates
J 9 t =a yG I OO g A| KF9 q ZyG L9 g =!G
Fiber Buckling
r+z yG L9 g =!G
Crack Propagation
QT wyG Q9W A!G
Deflection
A 9"J!G
Deflection of Plates
KF9q ZyG A 9"J!G
Nonalignment with Coordinate Directions
J 9 + C GOI
G J9 $ 9 : G ] E ? = T " y 9 < M 9 * R ! G
Displacements
J9 I 9 * R ! G
Weight-Sensitive Structures
q
f R ( zy ? S 9 TI ) )" < ( J G A 9 W! E
Bending
a9ag!G
Cylindrical Bending
P G (a S G a 9 a g ! G
Bending of Laminated Plates
J 9 t= a yG I OOg A| KF9 qZ yG a 9 a g !G
Implications
)H F 9 A ! ( J 9 S9 w g ! G
Modes of Failure
Q 9 +8 : G W 9 }! C
Crack Extension Modes
u W y G )Y 9 T@ G( ? y 9 a A S G )u F G Q _ ( W 9 }! C
Modes
d 9 w V C , W 9 }! C
Catastrophic Failure
,CQ 9 v Q 9 +8G
Failures in Bonded Joints
b 9ZAy :9< J ;Yh J GQ 9+8G

m
Failures in Bolted Joints
,i Q =y9 < J ;Yh J GQ 9 +8G
Vibration
R G R A$G
Vibration of Laminated Plates
J 9 t = a y G I O O gA | K F 9 q Z y G R G R A $ G
Intermediate
b Sh }G
Preliminary
[h }G
Epoxy
,T v (= * E
Boron-Epoxy
Q ( < ,T v (= * E
Glass-Epoxy
, F9 F R ,T v (= * E
Graphite-Epoxy
B + p GQ i ,T v (= * E
||v
Kevlar 49-Epoxy
Fiberglass-Epoxy
Bonded
Bonded-Bolted
Brute-Force Search
Lay-Up of
Stiffness-Sensitive Structures
Stiffened Structures
Least-Cost Structures
Least-Weight Structures
Structural
Bolted
Boron-Aluminum
Polyester
Polyimide
Polysulfone
Bismaleimides
Peek
Polymers
Thermoset
Thermoplastic
Structural Polymers
Phenolics
Merit Function
Galvanic Corrosion
Contrast Between Metals and Composites
49 Q;q +v ,Tv(=* E
q
? + F 9 FR a 9 + y z < i (t | ,T v (= * E
b9Z Ay: 9<
,i Q =yGh b9 Z Ay: 9 <
j Q 9 = F E jQ T s H( z S z < EJ <
q
h\( @ ,A9" <
IA 9 T G zy ? S 9 TI ) J G A 9 W! E ( )" <
v
o
?} fO| )J GA 9 W! E ( )" <
? qz v {s }G ) " = y G
k
9 ! R h {s }G ) " = y G
) ,F 9 W ! E ( j (+ " <
,iQ < ?a S G( <
e( +"C C Q( <
QAS G [ ( <
q
) O Og A | O + }* E ( O + }* E [( < Q + } + y ( <
q
) O O gA | f (q z S( J 9 ! (q zS v v v v [( < Q + } + y ( <
O +}+y 9 }T +< Q +} +y( <
) f (A + v Q + A * G Q + A * G [ (< ( x + < Q + } + y ( <
J GQ+} +y( <

q
j QG Q A G > z Z A y G J G Q + } + y ( <
q
j Q GQ AG f Oz AyG J GQ +} +y( <
?+ F 9 W! E J GQ + } + y ( <
? +y( "+p J GQ+} +y( <
b9t JAS :G h< 9@
P9q y9i { v5@

q
?=v QC G OG( C Gh fO9g C G # +< # *9=AyG
||w
Stacking Sequence
O +]"A yG h<9 A@
Laminate Stacking Sequence
? +t=a y G ?J+ qZy G O+] "@ h<9 A@
Homogeneity
U!9:
Contiguity
Direction Cosines for
Qh9:
J9vv$ 9vv:G hvv| ) Y9vvgvvWvvyG 9v %v gv "vvZv * ,vvAv yG( 9v *Gh RvvyG J9v =vv+vv:
Q h9 J CG
Experimental Determination of
v vv vy , =*Q GAy G )S9 + tyG ( O*O JAyG
t
, =*QGAy G u tJAyG
Experimental Confirmation
Design-Analysis
~ + } ZA y G {+ z ;
Preliminary Design-Analysis
[ h} G ~ + } ZA y G {+ z ;
Intermediate Design-Analysis
b S ( A C G ~ + } ZA y G {+ z ;
Failure Analysis
> a g y G {+ z ;
Netting Analysis
,w = V {+ z ;
Analysis In Design
~ + }Z Ay G , p { + z JA y G
Transformation of
q
d (;
Transformation of Stiffnesses
q
I A9 T @ G J ; | 9 g | J : (;
Transformation of Stresses
J GO 9% F
Transformation of Strains
G {* (;
q
J 9 $ ( WA y G {* (;
Ply Drops
?s 9 sQ y G J GQ G OJ ! G LQ O @
Random Arrangement
, F G ( Wf >+ @ Q @
Stress Concentration
O 9%F
Contracted Notation
G R+vQ@
dR A M C G R + | Q A y G
q
Index Notation
?y O}9< R + |Q @
Mnemonic Notation
I Q v GP z y Of 9 T| R + | Q @
Coupling
L hG R @
Bending-Extension Coupling
a 9 a g ! G vv vv ?y 9 a A S G L hG R @
Shear-Shear Coupling
[ s v vvv [ s L hG R @
||x
Shear-Extension Coupling
[ ty G v vv v ? y 9 a A S :G L hG R @
Bend-Twist Coupling
{A p v vvv a 9 a g ! G L hG R @
Thermal Coupling
j Q GQ I L hG R @
Analogy to Plate Buckling
? J + q Z y G L 9 g= ! G h | & < 9 W @
Structural Configuration
, F9W !
Roll-Forming
G {+ w WA y G
)? FQ I Oy G ( ?z p Q Oy 9 < {+ w WA y G
Engineering Shear Strain
,S O " % y G [ t y G g( W @
Volumetric Strain
, }G I g( W @
Free Thermal Strain
Q I j Q GQ I g( W @
Middle-Surface Strains
b Sh }G K a T y G J 9 $( W @
Expansional Strains
q
q
?* OOE J 9 $( W @
Plastic Deformations
?!O y J 9 $( W @
Strains
?+=T ! J 9 $( W @
Narrow Optimum Design
u +]yG \D|} G ~+} ZAyG
Stiffener Design
?|9 f OyG ~+}Z @
Optimum Design
\D|C ~+}Z @
Wide Optimum Design
^* Q f \ D | C ~ + } Z @
Underdesign
H ( z a CG #| { s C ~ + } Z@ , r + g \ ~ + }Z @
Overdesign
n
W Q q| ~+}Z @
Manufacturing of
h+"Z @
q
Innovative Fabrication
) b; L( ,f GO< E h+ " Z @
Classification of
r+"Z @
q
Applications of Composite Materials
? = v Q CG O G( C G J 9 t+ = a @
Fatigue
>g@
Strain And Stress Variation

Variations In Displacements
q
g (W A y G h O 9 % F
q
G Q+j@
q
)J 9 < 9 J T! : G , J : 9 t A ! : G ( J 9 I9 * R ! : G , p J G Q + j @
||y
Approximation
>*Qt @
G n r GJ
q GJ
qq J
G
G
J
Gq J
QG
h G GJ
)J G( J
QG
G ) JG O E ( J G Q G
G
jO q
F
Structural Optimization Techniques
?+ 9W !
Solution Techniques
Bounding Techniques
Laminate Life-Protection Techniques
Variational Techniques
Moire Technique
Middle-Surface Curvatures
Particulate Reinforcement
?z D|}
9+"t @
{A
9+"t @
?*O I
9+"t @
? + t= a y ?J+q Zy Q }f ? * 9 >
9+"t @
?+@ Q+j A|
9+"t @
&*
( | ?+"t @
bS } KaT y
9 S (t @
9} +T @
Iteration
9 = + = A 9 < ? * (t @
Qw@
Design-Analysis Iterations
~ + }Z Ay { + z ;
Isotropy
9f
Qw@
,I 9 "C { C9 E
Expansionl
OE
Symmetry
Qc9 "@
Frequencies
JG G
G YRq
G YRq
Gh YRq
G
H
G
G
G F
G G
G
,F
Q@ (@
Stress Distribution
9%F
gq
d
Strain Distribution
( WA y
Weibul Distribution
(= *
Tape Laying
(@
(@
(@
? a * QW y h \ ( @
G F G
Holes in Laminates
? +t= a y K 9 qZy ,p
Orthotropic
(t C
,I 9 "C ,C ; C
Orthotropy
,I 9 "C ,C ; C
f
h
Bimetals
O gC , 9 "C
Elastic Constants
? ! Q C B< ( C
Engineering Constants
? + S O " $ B< ( C
Beam
||z
9gV
R 9F
Stiffness
IA
?+ y (a y ( WA y
Longitudinal Stiffness
G )g
G J
9| 9t|
h
( IA
? s9 s Q y (W A y ?| 9 t|
Lamina Stiffness
G )g
? y RA M C
Reduced Bending Stiffness
G a
9 T@
9 T@
( IA
G g
9 TF
9 a g ! : 9 TF
G IA
r + zy 9 : ] ? = T " y 9 < ? + ! 9 \ Q g y 9 T@
Stiffness Transverse to Fiber Direction
G IA
[ ty 9 TF
Shear Stiffness
G IA
Reduced Stiffness
?y R A M C 9 T@
Specific Stiffness
? + f( " y 9 T@
G IA
G IA
Stiffness in Arbitrary Coordinates
?+ _ 9 = A f ?+ q + v 9 + C O I , p 9 T@
G(
IA
Stiffness in Fiber Direction
r + zy 9 : up
Special Cases For
{ F # | ?Y 9L :9I
G g
h IA
Plane Stress State
9 T@
( AT | 9% F ?y9I
O
, }AI
Deterministic
~+} ZAy ?y( > OI

q
Design Load Limit
Buckling-Critical
9 g =!: OI
q q
G j
9 T @ OI
Stiffness-Critical
IA
Strength-Critical
? | 9 tC OI
Padding Up
_a = @ ( WI
q
G j
q
G j
?! Q C {I
Elasticity Solution
, }d f } { }A
Ultimate Load
First-Ply Failure Load
] } ? s9 sQ z y 9 + 8 : { >
Design Ultimate Load
, }d f } ~+ }ZA y { >
? 8p 9 w }Ay ?+w +! 9 w +C
Equivalent Mechanical Loads
G J
:( }A
Transverse Load
?+ !9\Q f ? y( >
Plywood
, t 9 s > WL
F
Nodal Line
||{
O tf bL
? aL
Linear
Properties of
q
UG (
? w 9w
Mechanical Properties
+!
q
UG (
Q jA| :
q
UG (
Q jA| :
q
UG (
Q ? F O < ? a = @ Q|
q
UG (
OG(
q q
Invariant Properties
Invariant Properties of
IQG
+ CG U G (B G
}z y ? OI
Extrema Of Material Properties
Temperature-Dependent Properties of
AG
+
q
Mohr's Circle
Q(
? S9T
Sensitivity Studies
Glass-Transition Temperature
F9 F R y
G d(
JAy
| Q
I
AG J
G IQG
9S
hat ? tz j | 9|9f
CG
O AGRE
FG O
G QO
QI ?F
Stiffeners
Open-Versus Closed-Section Stiffeners
QO
9|9f
h at ?I A q| 9|9f
Dummy Index
CG
) , G h( Q
+ O
?z 9| 9s 9s
Cross-Ply
?=y9 ZA| 9s 9s
Q JG P
Q JG P
?s 9s
Lamina
Orthotropic Lamina
I9 ? C; C ?s 9 s
"CG
Specially Orthotropic Lamina
?Y 9 L I9 ? C; C ?s 9 s
Generally Orthotropic Lamina
? |9 f I9 ? C; C ?s 9 s
"CG
Anisotropic Lamina
"CG
I9 ? z C 9 }A | Q i ?s 9 s
"CG
?w ?s 9s
Woven Lamina
+I
Unidirectionally Reinforced Lamina
Laminated Glass
Saint-Venant, Barre De
jO Q
QwA | { y
Angle-Ply
* Q (I I G(
t| ?s 9s
9t= ay O g A| 9F
G O
9JS
Pultrusion
Strain-Energy-Release Rate
q
g(
|||
WA y ?s 9 _ Q
G
Og | ?fQ S
q
; )d
Fiber-Matrix Interface
? a < GQ I O 9 | v vv v r+ y ) ," + = y G( {Y 9 qy G K a Ty G
Load-Deflection Behavior
{ }A G A 9 " J ! :G c (z S
Mechanical Behavior of
,w + ! 9 w + CG c( z Ty G
Mechanical Behavior of Composite
? = v Q C G O G (} zy ,w + ! 9 w + CG c( z Ty G
Materials
Nonlinear Stress-Strain Behavior
,a L Q + i O 9 % FE vvv v g ( W@ c (z S
q
Linear Stress-Strain Behavior
,a L O 9 % FE vvv v g ( W@ c (z S
Orthotropic Behavior
, I9 " CG ,C ; C c (z S
Nonlinear Behavior
,a L Q + i c (z S
Anisotropic Behavior
,I 9 " C G { C 9 } A | Q + i c (z S
Isotropic Behavior
, I9 " CG {C 9 } A | c (z S
Viscoelastic Behavior
LR y f Q | c (z S
Micromechanical Behavior
u + s O ,w + ! 9 w + | c (z S
Macromechanical Behavior
P 9 + f ,w + ! 9 w + | c (z S
Orthogrid
I O | 9 gA | ? w = V
Isogrid
?z C9 }A | ?w =V
Staggered Square Array
q
q
) >+ @ Q A y G ? = s9 gA | ( ? J ! Q A | ? g< Q | ? w = V
Kirchoff Free-Edge Condition
a ( VQ + w y IQ A G ?p 9 A G W Q V
Boundary Conditions
?* O hO A G W h Q Wy G
Beam Boundary Conditions
R F 9 G z y ?* O hO A G W h Q Wy G
Plate Boundary Conditions
?J + q Zz y ?* O hO A G W h Q Wy G
Boundary Conditions
? * O h OI W hQ V
Bimetallic Strip
f O g CG ?+ F 9 " C ? a * Q V
Microcrack
j Q % H uV
Initial Form
[ h} G { w Wy G
Flaws
? *Q% H Yh O Y
||}
Plastic-Based Laminates
? w A S; < ? t = _ K 9 q Y
?Y9L I 9 ? C ;C ? t =_ K 9q Y
? = y 9 ZA | 9 s9 s
Qc9 A| : ? t =_ K 9q Y
? z 9 | 9 s9 s
Qc9 A | ? t =_ K 9q Y
?z 9| 9s 9s Qc9 Ay ?T v 9g | ? t =_ K 9q Y
Qc9 Ay ? qy9MA | K 9q Y
9 t= a y Og A | K 9 q Y
R v Q } A | : { w W< t | 9 Q Ws K 9 q Y
?J qY
? t= _ ? J q Y
? z 9 | 9 s9 s ? t= _ ? J q Y
? = y 9 Z A | 9 s9 s ? t= _ ? J q Y
I9 ? zC 9 }A | = V ? t = _ ? J q Y
Qc 9 A | Q i ? t = _ ? J q Y
Qc9 A| : ? t= _ ? J q Y
Q c 9 A y ?Tv 9 g | ? t= _ ? J q Y
? }d A | ? t= _ ? J q Y
?z 9| 9s 9s
Q c 9 A | ? }d A | ? t= _ ? J q Y
?= y9ZA| 9s 9s
Q c 9 A | ? }d A | ? t= _ ? J q Y
9 s 9 s Q c 9 A y ? T v9 g | ? } d A | ? t = _ ? J q Y
? z 9|
I9 ? zC 9 }A | ? J q Y
b= \
? t =ay ? J q Zy b= \
?=v Q
b= \
W Ay ?s 9_
9 Oy ? | 9 w y ?s 9 a y
+
Special Orthotropic Laminates
Unsymmetric Cross-Ply Laminates
Symmetric Angle-Ply Laminates
Antisymmetric Angle-Ply Laminates
Skew Plates
"CG
"
Q J GP I
"
Q J GP I
"
Q JG P
"
Laminated Plates
G IO
IG (
Plate
Eccentrically Stiffened Plates And Shells
J *
Laminate
Angle-Ply Laminate
Cross-Ply Laminate
Quasi-Isotropic Laminate
Nonsymmetric Laminate
Q J GP
Q J GP
&
"
"C G
"
"
Regular Laminate
Regular Symmetric Angle-Ply Laminate
Regular Symmetric Cross-Ply Laminate

Regular Antisymmetric Angle-Ply Laminate
J v
"
Antisymmetric Laminate
Asymmetric Laminate
Q JG P I
"
"
Q JG P I
"
"
v Q JGP
v"v v G
v v
v v
v v"v
v+v v v
v+v v
Isotropic Plate
Tailoring of
Laminate Tailoring
Tailoring of Composite Materials
Strain Energy
Minimum Potential Energy
"C G
C G O G (C G
q
g(
+!
||~
"
Total Potential Energy
? + zw y G ? " | 9 w y G ? s 9 a y G
Minimum Complementary Energy
x
9 +! OyG ?z }w C G ?s 9 a yG
Potential Energy
?" |9v ?s 9_
Stationary Potential Energy
)?A< 9C( I QtAT | ?" |9v ?s 9_
Semi-Inverse Method
,qZ "yG H ( z tC G ?t *Q _
Rayleigh-Ritz Method
R A *Q vv vv \ *GQ ?t *Q _
Galerkin Method
_v Q +y 9 i ?t *Q _
Newton's Method
# @( +! ?t *Q_
Apparent
jQ$ 9c
Apparent for a Lamina
?s 9 sQ y j Q $ 9 c
Apparent for Orthotropic Lamina
,I 9 " C G ? + C ; C ? s 9 s Q zy j Q $ 9 c
Materials Utilization Factor
O G ( C G d 9 } gA SG {| 9 f
Contiguity Factor
Q h 9 G A y G {| 9 f
p
Stress Concentration Factor
O9%F
Fiber Misalignment Factor
G R + v Q@ { | 9 f
r+ z y G a 9 qa YG e Of {| 9 f
Complex Variable Mapping
q
q
j O tf ) d (J A | ( Q + j A | j P h < 9 A < ? t< 9 a C G Q = f
Heterogeneity
U!9 : e Of
Inhomogeneity
U!9 : e Of
Anisotropy
, I9 "C G { C9 E e Of
Transverse to Fiber Direction
r+ z y G g9 : G ] E ? = T" y 9 a f
Damage
QQ \ , >a f
Stress-Strain Relations
q
g ( W@ v vv v O 9 % F E J 9 s; f
Constitutive Relations
? + S9 S }G J 9 s; g y G
Strain-Displacement Relations
q
M9 * R ! :G vvv v g ( WA y G J 9 s; f
Linear Strain-Displacement Relations
?+ a L )H 9 J T ! G , d 9 t A ! G ( M9 * R ! G v vvv g( W @ J 9 s; f
|}u
O9%FE v v g(q W@ J9s;f

? + Tw f J 9 s; f
? + w + ! 9 w + | J 9 s; f
, I 9 " C G ? + C ; C O G ( C G , p ? f h 9 a C G J; | 9 g } < ? s ; f
Strain-Stress Relations
Reciprocal Relations
Mechanistic Relationships
Relation to Compliances for Orthotropic
Materials
O G G I A9 T F J ; | 9 g | ? s; f
,I 9 "C ?+ C; C ( C
Relation to Stiffnesses for Orthotropic

Materials
I9 + I , Q }f
h+"ZA yG J 9 +z }f
Q Tw y G ?+ z }f
Life
Manufacturing Processes
Fracture Process
? + %A " | Q Y 9 " f
Finite Elements
x
{ DF ,}G I Q Z"f
Representative Volume Element
G
r+ z y G Q 9 + A LG {| G (f
O9%F G R+vQ@ IOq V {|G(f
I O ( @ G ? = s G Q| { | G ( f
Q9 + A L : G ? p ( q Z | { | G ( f
? + F G OA < G H (+ f
{| (f
Factors
Fiber Selection Factors
Stress-Intensity Factors
Quality Control Factors
Matrix Selection Factors
Initial Imperfections
,} AI Q +i
Nondeterministic
,H( zs Q+i
b j ]y Gh O Wy G ,p h9 T A | Q + i
m
q
, = T" y G g (W A y G J 9 + \Q p
c ( zT y G O (+ s h J 9 + \ Q p
a ( VQ + v ? + \Q p
? + %A " | J 9 sh Q p
J 9t =ayG { Zp
JGQ+q jACG {Zp
, |9d! Q+i
Singular
Unequal In Tension and Compression
Strain Assumptions
Behavioral Restrictions and Assumptions
Kirchoff Hypothesis
Finite Differences
Delamination
Separation of Variables
|}v
Simplified Design Space
b T= CG ~ + }Z A y G A 9 ]p
Debonding
b 9ZAy :G x p
Design-Analysis Philosophy
~ + } Z A y G {+ z; ? q Tz p
Rule Of Mixtures
H F G R CG I O f9 s
Cramer's Rule
Q |G Q v I O f9s
Law Of Mixtures
HF GR C G f( !9s
v
Generalized Betti's Law
~}g C G , A+< f( !9 s
Hook's Law
c ( $ f( !9s
q
Hat
?g =s
Shells
J 9 * Q Ws
Laminated Shells
J 9 t= a y G I O Og A | J 9 * Q Ws
Shells, Laminated
J 9 t = _ O Og A | , J 9 * Q Ws
Brittle
rZs
Shear-Shear
[s v v [s
Sandwich Core
) X * hO ! 9 T y G ( IQ + a Wy G >z s
Honeycomb Core
{T g y G U Q s >z s
Kirchoff Shear Force
[ tz y a (V Q + v I (s
Molding of
?= y (s
Sheet Molding
?J + q Zy G ) { + w W@ ( ?= y (s
Resin-Transfer Molding
d 9 tA ! :9 < H " @ GQ y G ?= y (s
Laminate Forces And Moments
? + t = a y G ?J + qZ y G e h R fh i (s
Measurement of
S9+s
Measurement of Strength
?| h9 t CG S 9 + s
Measurements of Stiffness
I A9T @G J9S 9+s
Restriction on
^f
Constraints
O+ s
O( +s
|}w
Artificial Constraint
? +f9" a YG
Restrictions on Micromechanical Behavior
u + sO y G
, w + ! 9 w + CG
c( z Ty G
^f
O( +s
? *Qd"yG
^f
O( +s
) "=yG
? qz v
Restrictions on Theory
Composite Structures Cost
?=v QC G
O( +s
) JG A 9 W ! G (
Life-Cycle Cost
I9 + A G I Q hO ? qz v
Anisotropic
,I 9 "C G
Eccentricity
{C 9 }A | :
? * R vQ | :
q
a9+y}G )a9qA yG( r y
Filament Winding
Interlaminar
J9 t = a y G
Orthotropic Material
Specially Orthotropic Material
?Y9L
Matrix (Material)
#+ <
9|
,I 9 "C G
?+C ;C
IO 9 |
,I 9 "C G
?+C ;C
IO 9 |
)? " \9 I ( ?a < G Q IO 9 |
Anisotropic Material
,I 9 "C G
Isotropic Material
?z C9} A| Q+i
, I9 " CG
Dispersion-Stiffened Composite Material
QDg=A y9<
?z C9 }A |
IO 9 |
q
I G( t| ? = v Q | IO 9 |
Hygroscopic
?<( _Qz y
Principle of Stationary Potential Energy
IO 9 |
U9|
)? A <9 D y G ( I Q tA T C G ?" | 9 w y G ?s 9 a y G CO= |
Principle of Minimum Complementary Energy
? * Q j Y}G ?z }w C G ?s 9 a y G CO= |
Fourrier Series
&+*Q( p
J; T z T A |
Cross-Linked
? =y9ZA |
Design Requirements
~+} ZAyG
J9 = za A |
Design Variables
~ + }Z A y G
q
J G Q + jA |
Branched
? fQ qA |
Isotropic
,I 9 "C G
Transversely Isotropic
9 +!9\Q f
,I9 " CG
Quasi-Isotropic
q
)O I( |( { C 9 }A |
9=* Qt@
|}x
{ C 9 }A |
,I 9 "C G
{ C 9 }A |
9 + !9 \ Q f ,I 9 " C G { C 9 }A |
Trifurcation
) Yh
QqyG (
9 $9 : :G ?+C; C
,g
Determinant of
9: :G ?Dy9D |
q
)_
Transformed Reduced
g |( OOI
q
d (I
RAJ
Reduced
RAJ
Design-Analysis Stages
~+ }ZA y G { + z ; { IG Q |
Sheet Molding Compound
? J + qZ y G ?= y (s > v Q |
Elasticity
?! h Q CG
Advantages Of Composite Materials
? = v Q CG
Laminate Design Problem
OG( C G
9*G R|
?+t =a yG ? J+qZ yG ~+ }Z@ ? yz T |
Reuter Matrix
Q A * hQ ? p( q Z |
Ductile
)f
Oy(
Compliance
Yh
9a|
?f h 9a|
Equilibrium Equations
Beam Equilibrium Equations
R F 9 G zy
Governing Equations
fRG(
AyG
:O 9g |
fRG(
AyG
:O 9g |
?} c9"yG
Plate Buckling Equations
? J+qZ yG
Plate Vibration Equations
?J +qZy G
RG
Plate Equilibrium Equations
? J+qZ yG
fRG (
Halpin-Tsai Equations
: O 9 g CG
9g=!G
:O 9g |
RA$ G
:O 9g |
:O 9g |
9 T@ v vv v _= y 9 $
:O 9g |
Antisymmetric
Qc9"AyG Uv9g|
Curing
?*QG QI ? @9g |
Cocuring
?v QAW | ?*QG QI ? @9g |
Diffusion Coefficient
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
jQG
Bulk Modulus
9 D A ! : G {| 9 g |
Q A G O O }A y G {| 9 g |
, }G I
Coefficients of Mutual Influence
|}y
Q A W CG Q + C 5 A y G
{| 9 g |
;| 9g|
Design Parameters
Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
QA
Transformed Reduced Stiffnesses
? yRAMC
Shear Moduli
Compliances
Compliances, Engineering Constants,
Stiffnesses
G J; | 9 g |
jQG G O q G J
Gh q G I A G J
q GJ
h GJ
v G v , v hv GJ v v v
IA G
GQ GJ
GOq J
J
Q G
Q G F h G
G
q I O A GRE f
GQ GO EQ
GO GQ
Ggq GQ
vv j Q
Q
vv j Q
hh v v j Q
j q G hh v v j Q
GQ Ggq Q
f Q
Q f Q
) G( G J q
C dR : O ,
q G
Gd G
~+} ZAy
J v v v ,vv vv
; |9 g |
O} Ay
;| 9g|
9 T@
;| 9g|
[ty
;| 9g|
?f 9 aC
;| 9g|
?y( JAC
? + SO " $ B < ( C
? f 9 aC
; |9 g |
9 T@
Coefficients Of Moisture Diffusion
?< (_ Q y
Coefficients Of Moisture Expansion
9DA!
? <( _Qy
Young's Moduli
Failure Criteria
;| 9g|
OE
;| 9g|
k !( *
;| 9g|
9+ 8: Q+ *9g|
Biaxial Strength Criteria
(J C ?+ 9 " C ?| 9 tC Q + * 9 g |
Design Failure Criteria
~+} ZAy { W p Q + *9g |
Metal Versus Composite
?=v Q|
Maximum Stress Failure Criterion
,} d f}
Maximum Stress Criterion
9+8:
, }d f }
Maximum Strain Criterion
9|
9%F
9 %F
,} d f}
Tsai-Hill Criterion
Tsai-Hill Failure Criterion
Tsai-Wu Criterion
Tsai-Wu Tensor Failure Criterion
Hoffman Failure Criterion
Bm C
9 T@
9+g|
9 T@
9+g|
9 T@
9+g|
( W@
9+g|
9 } p ($
9+g|
9 } p ($
9+g|
Q L Q | {< 9 t | 9 | Q | # f
Delamination-Suppression Concepts
|}z
9t=ay
9+g|
9+8;y { +$
Q@( C
{ Wq y
Trade-Off
(W A y
9+g|
9+8:
9+8;y
Failure Envelopes
9+g|
9 T@
,}d f }
Hoffman Criterion
9+g|
{+$
9+8;y
Maximum Strain Failure Criterion
Og|
9" @
>a g y
?y 9= |
9qz j |
?z \9q |
9 Zq ! # | [ z MAy ~ +$9 q |
Invariant Stiffness Concepts
Q + jA | ; y G
q
IA
?}f GO y G ?a * Q Wy G
Stiffening Strip Concept
(% q |
Oz@
(% q |
? +F9ZI E
9<Q9t |
? zZ q " C G Q Y 9 " g y G
9<Q9t |
Statistical Approaches
Discrete Element Approaches
?a*QW yG
Softening Strip Concept
? + %A " CG Q Y 9 " g y G ? < Q 9 t |
Finite Element Approach
?+ % A " CG
Finite Difference Approach
9s h QqyG ?<Q9t |
? ! h Q CG ?< Q 9 t |
Elasticity Approach
Mechanics of Materials Approach
Mechanics of Materials Approach to
9 T @G ~ +$9 q |
u +s OyG (
Q%GC G x+!9w+} z y
OG
( C G x+!9w+ | ?<Q9t |
OG
( C G x+!9w+ | ?<Q9t |
Micromechanics
h s (A C G h
Comparison Of Measured And Predicted

Interaction Strength
dO
#+ < ? ! Q 9 t |
9 = A C G Q + C z A y G ?| h9 t |
?* Q (J C G
Axial Stiffness
9 t CG
( WA y G ?| h9 t |
q
Lamina Strength
?s 9 s Q y G ?| h9 t |
Impact Resistance
OZ y G ?| h9 t |
? + y ( a y G ?| h9 t CG
Longitudinal Strength
r + z y G g 9 : : ? = T " y 9 < ?+ ! 9 \ Q g y G ?| h9 t CG
Strength Transverse To Fiber Direction
[ t y G ?| h9 t |
Shear Strength
?+ ! 9 \ Q f ?| h9 t |
Transverse Strength
? * Q (I ?| h9 t |
Axial Strength
? + f( ! ?| h9 t |
Specific Strength
r+ z y G g 9 : G u p h ?| h9 t CG
Strength In Fiber Direction

Strength
)I
Open-Versus Closed-Section
( s ( , ?| h9 t |
( A q | h a t | A G R E uz j | h a t |
k
9 * Q (I
Unidirectionally Reinforced
(t |
q
~dA" |
Regular
|}{
Clad Materials
Polymer Matrix Materials
Ceramic Matrix Materials
Q + }+ y ( z ZA| b <GQ
Thermoplastic-Matrix Materials
9*QG QI
Metal Matrix Materials
J GP O G
(|
J GP O G
(|
Oz A| b <GQ
POg | b <GQ J GP O G( |
Composite Materials
?=v Q|
Particulate Composite Materials
?+=+= I ?=v Q|
q
Fibrous Composite Materials
OG
(|
OG
(|
OG
(|
OG
(|
?+q +y ?=v Q|
Laminated Composite Materials
Fiber-Reinforced Laminated Composite

Materials
9+y }9<
IG
9t =ayG
IO
O g A| ?=v Q|
( t| J 9t =ayG I OO g A| ?=v Q | O G( |
Strength Tensor
?| h9 t CG
Tensor Shear Strain
[tyG
Compliance Matrix
9+8;y
h h v vvv j
)Q
( T" @ ( Q @ ( |
q
( W @ )Q ( T" @ ( Q @ ( |
q
9 T@ Q 9 + g |
?fh 9 a C G )? p (q Z|
)Q
( T" @ ( Q @ ( |
,Q
( T" @ ( Q @ ( |
Stiffness Tensor
IA
Design Drivers
9 T@ G Q @ ( |
~+} ZAyG
Strong Design Drivers
9 % F( |
q
( ty G ~+} ZAyG J 9 % F( |
Fracture Mechanics
QT wyG x+!9w+ |
Macromechanics
P 9+f x+!9w+ |
Micromechanics
Nastran
u + sO (
Q%H x+!9w+ |
? + %A " CG Q Y 9 " g y G ? t * Q a < { + z J A zy H | 9 ! Q <
Stiffness Ratio
IA
Volume Fraction
:fG
QAS 9!
9T @G ? =T !
? + }G A G ?= T" y G
Fiber-Volume Fraction
|}|
9 + y ~ y ? + }G A G ?= T" y G
Orthotropic Modulus Ratio
C ; C {| 9 g ? = T
S < ? =T
S < ? =T
9 v9 } S ? = T
? J q Zy { wV ? =T
X O 9 T y Q a W y Q q V {Z
? < zs ? | 9d
Classical Lamination Theory
? O zt A y K q Z A y ? Q d
Reissner Variational Theorem
Q T Q y ? @ Q jAy ? Qd y
I9
"CG ,
CG
Poisson's Ratios
f(
Major Poisson's Ratio
? T Qy
+
Cross-Ply Ratio
? =y9Z A
CG J
+F
9 s9 s Q y
Plate Aspect Ratio
G f(
G J
Sandwich-Blade
*h
G(
G( I
G(
G )I
Nonsingular
"
+ G +
[t y
q
Extensional Mode
" G
W@ ? Qd
9aAS b}
9\ Qf b}
[s b }
} G LP(
q
G g(
Transverse Mode
* vv vv
Shear Deformation Theory
, +
Shear Mode
Growth
Concentric Cylinder Model
R v Q OJ A | ? a S
CG I
!G (
Self-Consistent Model
Maxima And Minima of Functions of a
Single Variable
9 zL u T A |
k
J A } < h <9 A y Q j Z y
q
d(v
v v
vv
v v
i vv v
GO
}dgy ? O
vv Gh )v
q q
vv*
v v G
LP(
99 y
OI
v AG J v * v %v "v G
Gh
Nomex
Uw |
+ (!
Hybrid
Composite Structures Weight
?=v Q
Structural Response Parameters
? 9W
+F
Batdorf Shell Curve Parameter
C G )JG A
?< 9GAS :
aQh
Joints
9W
G )JG
G ( )"
=y
G fRh
QA| 9< b 9S
GQ
O@9 < Q W s J | b S
I
,"
"
|}}
;Y
XCPIGQ9G [?*
w(d4
vvvv
eTPB;E
Advantages of Composite Materials
? = v Q CG
Analogy to Plate Buckling
?J +qZ yG
Analysis in Design
9 g= ! G h | & < 9 W @
~ + }Z Ay G
Analysis Procedure
9*G R|
OG( C G
,p
{ +z JAyG
{+ z J A y G ?+ F GQ F E
Angle-Ply
?z F9|
Angle-Ply Laminate
? zF 9 |
9 s9 sQ
J GP
Anisotropic
? +t= _ ? J+q Y
,I 9 "C G
Anisotropic Behavior
,I 9 "C G
Anisotropic Lamina
{C 9 }A | :
{ C9} A| Q+i
, I9 "C G
Anisotropic Material
9s9sQ JG P
?z C9} A| Q+i
, I9 "C G
Antisymmetric
zS
? z C 9 }A | Q +i ?s 9 s Q
,I 9 "C G
Anisotropy
c(
IO
9|
{ C9 E e Of
Qc9"AyG Uv9g|
Antisymmetric Angle-Ply Laminates
?z F9|
Antisymmetric Laminate
9s9sQ
JG P
Qc9"AyG ?T v 9g | ?+t =_ KF9q Y

Q c 9 " A y G ?Tv 9 g | ? + t= _ ? J + q Y
Apparent
Q$ 9c
?s 9 sQ y
Q$ 9c
? + C ; C ? s 9 s Q zy
Q$ 9c
Apparent for a Lamina

Apparent for Orthotropic Lamina
,I 9 "C G
Applications of Composite Materials
? = v Q CG
|}~
OG( C G J
9t+ =a@
Approximation
>*Qt @
Artificial Constraint
? +f9" a YG
Asymmetric Laminate
IQc9"A|
Axial Stiffness
O( +s
: ? +t= _ ? J+q Y
q
g ( WA y G
?* Q (J C G
Axial Strength
?| h9 t |
? * Q (I ?| h9 t |
Batdorf Shell Curve Parameter
a Q h O@9 < I Q W s
, " J " | b + Sh
Beam
Y 9gV ,RF9F
Beam Boundary Conditions
R F 9 G z y ?* O hO A G
Beam Equilibrium Equations
R F 9 G zy
Behavioral Restrictions and Assumptions
W h Q Wy G
fR G( AyG J :O 9g |
c ( zT y G O (+ s h J 9 + \ Q p
Bending
a9ag!G
Bending of Laminated Plates
J 9 t= a yG I OOg A|
Bending-Extension Coupling
KF9qZ yG
a9ag! G v v
Bend-Twist Coupling
{A p
a9ag!G
?y9aAS G
L hG R @
v v a 9 a g ! G L hG R @
Benign Failure
~ + z S >a f
Biaxial Strength Criteria
Q (J CG
Bifurcation
?+F9" C ?|h 9tC G Q+ *9g |
w
> gW @
Bimetallic Strip
,g 9: :G
f O g CG
Bimetals
? + FG hO R G
?+F9 "C ?a*QV
f O g CG
Bismaleimides
,F9 "C
O +}+y 9 }T +< Q +} +y( <
Bolted
,iQ < ?a S G( <
Bonded
b9Z Ay: 9<
Bonded-Bolted
,i Q =yGh
b9Z Ay: 9<
Boron Fibers
Q( < a 9 + y C
Boron-Aluminum
e( +"C C Q( <
Boron-Epoxy
Q(<
|~u
,T v (= * E
? q O h OI W hQ V
Boundary Conditions
? O hO
Boundary Conditions
G W h Q Wy G
? q Oh O G ?t =ayG ) Q C @( QC C
Boundary Layer Effect
+ z
? q OI J9 t @
Bounding Techniques
+"
Branched
?fQq qA|
Brittle
rZs
j Q 9 = F E jQ T s H( z S z < EJ <
Brute-Force Search
L9 g =!G
Buckling
J 9 t =a yG I OO g A| KF9 q ZyG L9 g =!G
Buckling of Laminated Plates

Buckling-Critical
q q
L9 g =!: G j OI
Bulk Modulus
}G I {| 9 g |
f ( < Qv a 9 + y C
Carbon Fibers
Carbon Matrix Materials
P(
< Qv b <GQ J GP O G |
(
q CQ9v Q9+8G
Catastrophic Failure
Ceramic Matrix Materials
w |G Q S b <GQ J GP O G |
+
a;j yG O G( |
Clad Materials
? O zt A y G K q Z A y G ? Q d
Classical Lamination Theory
r Z@
Classification of
+"
Cocuring
?v QAW | ? QG QI ? 9g |
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
j Q G Q A G O O }A y G {| 9 g |
Coefficients of Moisture Diffusion
? < _ Q y G Q 9 D A G J; | 9 g |
Coefficients of Moisture Expansion
? < _QyG OO
(
J; | 9 g |
c Q A W C G Q + C 5 A y G J; | 9 g |
Coefficients of Mutual Influence
q
j Q G Q A G O O } A y G J; | 9 g |
o
v
h s (A C G h S 9 t CG #+ < ? ! Q 9 t |
Coefficients of Thermal Expansion

Comparison of Measured and Predicted
q
q
j O tf ) d (J A | ( Q + j A | j P h < 9 A < ? t< 9 a C G Q = f
Complex Variable Mapping
?f h 9a|
Compliance
|~v
Compliance Matrix
?fh 9 a C G )? p (q Z| , Q ( T" @ ( Q @ ( |
Compliances
Compliances, Engineering Constants,
Stiffnesses
? f h 9 a C G J; | 9 g |
J;v v|9v vgv v| ,?v v+v vSOv v"v v$ Bv v<G(v vC ,?v vfh9v vaCG J;v v|9v vgv v|
IA 9 T@ G
q
Composite Materials
?=v Q | O G( |
Composite Structures Cost
? = v Q C G ) JG A 9 W ! G (
) "=yG ? qz v
Composite Structures Weight
?=v QC G )JG A9W ! G (
)" =yG fR h
Concentric Cylinder Model
R v Q C G I OJ A | ?! G ( a S} G LP ( } !
Configuration Selection
{ +w W AyG ) A9 q a YG( Q 9 +ALG
Constitutive Relations
? + S9 S }G J 9 s; g y G
Constraints
O( +s
Contiguity
Qh9:
Contiguity Factor
Qh9GAyG {|p 9f
Contracted Notation
dR A M C G R + | Q A y G
q
Contrast between Metals and Composites
?=v QC G OG( C Gh fO9g C G
Coupling
#+< #*9=AyG
L hG R @
Crack Extension Modes
u W y G )Y 9 T@ G( ? y 9 a A S G )u F G Q _ ( W 9 }! C
Crack Propagation
QT wyG Q9W A!G
Cramer's Rule
Q |G Q v I O f9s
Cross-Beam Test
> y9 Z AC G R F9 @G Q 9 =ALG
Cross-Linked
? =y9ZA |
Cross-Ply
?=y9 ZA| J 9s 9s Q J G P
Cross-Ply Laminate
? = y 9 Z A | J 9 s9 sQ J GP ? + t= _ ? J + q Y
Cross-Ply Ratio
? = y 9 Z A C G J 9 s 9 s Q y G J9 v9 } S ? = T !
Curing
?*QG QI ? @9g |
Cylindrical Bending
P G (a S G a 9 a g ! G
Damage
QQ \ , >a f
|~w
Debonding
Deflection
Deflection of Plates
Delamination
Delamination-Suppression Concepts
Design Drivers
Design Failure Criteria
Design Load Limit
Design Parameters
Design Reconfiguration
Design Requirements
Design Ultimate Load
Design Variables
Design-Analysis
Design-Analysis Iterations
Design-Analysis Philosophy
Design-Analysis Stages
Determinant of
Deterministic
Diffusion Coefficient
Direction Cosines for
b 9ZAy :G
xp
A 9"J!G
KF9q ZyG
A 9"J!G
J9t =ayG
{ Zp
q
J 9t=ay G d 9Zq !G # |
[ z MAyG ~ +$9 q |
q
J 9 % F( |
~+} ZAyG
~+} ZAyG { W p Q + *9g |

q
~+} ZAyG ?y( > OI

~+} ZAyG
J; | 9 g |
~ + } ZA y G {+ w W@
~+} ZAyG
, }d f }G
I O9f E
J9 = za A |
~+ }ZA yG { >
~ + }Z A y G
q
J G Q + jA |
~ + } ZA y G {+ z ;
~ + }Z Ay G { + z ;
) JG O 9 f E ( J G Q G Q w @
~ + } Z A y G {+ z; ? q Tz p
~+ }ZA y G { + z ; { IG Q |
q
q
) _g |( OOI
, }AI
Q9DA!: G
J9vv$ 9vv:G
hvv|
) Y9vvgvvWvvyG
9v %v gv "vvZv *
{| 9 g |
,vvAv yG( 9v *GhRvvyG J9v =vv+vv:

Q h9 J CG
Discrete Element Approaches

Dispersion-Stiffened Composite Material
Displacements
Ductile
Dummy Index
? zZ q " C G Q Y 9 " g y G
QDg=A y9<
q
I G( t|
J9<Q9t |
q
? =vQ|
IO 9 |
J9 I 9 * R ! G
) fOy( Yh 9 a |
q
) , G h( Q Q w A |
|~x
{+ y O
R v Q } A | : { w W< t | 9 Q Ws K 9 q Y
? R vQ | :
9 \Q g y {| 9 g p Q C
? Q B< C
? Q
? Q ?< 9t |
? Q {I
U =A t| RI 9S
? O I 9C
? s9 a y 9 ZA |
? S O B< C
S O y [ty W @
? 8 < 9C
Tv =
Ay : 9g|
? 8p 9 w }Ay ? w 9 w : }
? O 9 W@
O
= QGAy u tJAy
y = QGAy 9 ty O O JAy
9aAS
9aAS b}
}z y ? OI L
{| f
>agy { z
9 : Q 9g|
Eccentrically Stiffened Plates and Shells
q
IG (
Eccentricity
J *
Effect on Transverse Modulus
Elastic Constants
CG ,
! h CG
Elasticity
G(
! h CG
Elasticity Approach
! h CG
Elasticity Solution
! h CG
Embedded Stiffening Strap
o
u
I (
End Effects
) eG
( Q
q
* Oh
Energy Absorption
G U
Engineering Constants
Engineering Shear Strain
Environmental Effects
"$
G(
q
G g(
"% G
+ + Q
Epoxy
Equilibrium Equations
fRG(
Equivalent Mechanical Loads
Expansional Strains
+!
( *E
G J
+CG J
AG
q
q
q
* O E J $(
Expansionl
jO
Experimental Confirmation
, *
Experimental Determination of
v vv v
, *
G )S +
G(
Extensional
Extensional Mode
Extrema of Material Properties
OG(
Factors
q q
q
UG (
G(
Failure Analysis
Failure Criteria
Q +8
|~y
+ ;
+*
){WqyG( >agyG J9qzq j|

,i Q =y9 < J ;Yh J GQ 9 +8G
b9ZAy:9< Jm;Yh JGQ9+8G
Failure Envelopes
Failures in Bolted Joints
Failures in Bonded Joints
Fatigue
>g@
Fiber Buckling
r+z y
G L9 g =!G
G a 9 qa YG e Of {| 9 f
r+ z y G Q 9 + A LG {| G (f
q
? + F 9 FR a 9 + y z < i (t | ,T v (= * E
? a < GQ I O 9 | v v r+ y ) ," + = y G( {Y 9 qy G K a Ty G
a9+y}9< IG(q t| J9t=ayG IOOgA| ?=vQ| OG(|
Fiber Misalignment Factor
r+z y
Fiber Selection Factors

Fiberglass-Epoxy
Fiber-Matrix Interface
Fiber-Reinforced Laminated Composite
Materials
a9+y C
a 9 + y ~ y ? + }G A G ?= T" y G
q
?+q +y ?=v Q | O G( |
a9+y}G )a9qAyG( rq y
? + % A " C G J9 s h Q q y G ? < Q 9 t |
? + %A " | J 9 sh Q p
? + %A " CG Q Y 9 " g y G ? < Q 9 t |
Fibers
Fiber-Volume Fraction
Fibrous Composite Materials
Filament Winding
Finite Difference Approach
Finite Differences
Finite Element Approach
Finite Elements
? + %A " | Q Y 9 " f
]h }G ? s9 sQ z y Q 9 + 8 : G { >
First-Ply Failure Load

Flaws
? *Q%H
Yh O Y
& + * Q ( p J; T z T A |
Fourrier Series
Fracture Mechanics
QT wy x+!9w+ |
Fracture Process
Q Tw y ?+ z }f
Frequencies
q jQGQI g(q W@
J GQ@ G( @
Galerkin Method
_v Q +y 9 i ?t *Q _
Free Thermal Strain
QI
|~z
Galvanic Corrosion
Generalized Betti's Law
Generally Orthotropic Lamina
Glass-Epoxy
Glass-Transition Temperature
Governing Equations
Graphite Fibers
Graphite-Epoxy
Growth
Halpin-Tsai Equations
Hat
Heterogeneity
Hoffman Criterion
Hoffman Failure Criterion
Holes in Laminates
Homogeneity
Honeycomb Core
Hook's Law
Hybrid
Hygroscopic
Impact Resistance
Implications
Index Notation
Inhomogeneity
Initial Form
Initial Imperfections
9q y9i {v5@
v CG , + f(!
~}g
? |9f
F9 F R y
9s
, "CG +
I9
,
,
A <
? C;C ?s 9s
F9 F
R ,T v (= * E
G d(q JAyG IQGQI ?FQO
" G J O CG
?} c9 y
: 9g
+G a+C
B p Qi
9 y
+ G , ( *E
B p Qi
Tv =
(!
}
j 9 T@ v v _= y 9 $ J :O 9 g |
q
?g =s
!:e
U 9
Of
f 9 } p ($ Q 9 + g |
Q 9 + 8 ; y f 9 } p ($ Q 9 + g |
G F
? t= ay K 9 qZy
G ,p H (t C
!:
U 9
{T g y
G U Q s >z s
c ( $ f( !9s
_ $
G
?< _Qz y
U9|
e OZ y G ?| h9 t |
)H F 9 A ! ( J 9 S9 w g ! G
q
?y O}9< R + |Q @
!:e
U 9
[ h} G
?
|~{
Of
{ w Wy
+ F G G H (+
OA<
Innovative Fabrication
) b; L( ,f GO< E h+ " Z @
Interaction Strength
dO 9 = A C G Q + C z A y G ? | h 9 t |
Interlaminar
J9 t = a y G #+ < 9 |
Interlaminar Stresses
) J9 s 9 s Q y G ( J 9 t = a y G #+ < J G O 9 % F E
Intermediate
b Sh }G
q
b S ( A C G ~ + } ZA y G {+ z ;
Intermediate Design-Analysis
q
q
I Q + j A | : UG (L
Invariant Properties
q
q
) I O | 9 Y ( I Q + j A | : UG (L
Invariant Properties of
q
IQ + jA | ; y G I A 9 T @ G ~ + $ 9 q |
Invariant Stiffness Concepts

Isogrid
?z C9 }A | ?w =V
Isotropic
,I 9 " C G { C 9 }A |
Isotropic Behavior
, I9 " CG {C 9 } A | c (z S
Isotropic Material
, I9 " CG ?z C 9 }A | IO 9 |
Isotropic Plate
, I9 " C G ? zC 9 }A | ? J + q Y
Isotropy
,I 9 "C G { C9 E
Iteration
QG Qw@
Joints
Kevlar 49
J ;Yh
-Epoxy
49 Q;q +v ,Tv(=* E
Kirchoff Free-Edge Condition
a ( VQ + w y IQ A G ?p 9 A G W Q V
Kirchoff Hypothesis
a ( VQ + v ? + \Q p
q
[ tz y a (V Q + v I (s
Kirchoff Shear Force

Lamina
?s 9s Q
Lamina Stiffness
q
? s9 s Q y G )g (W A y G ? | h 9 t| ( IA 9 TF
Lamina Strength
?s 9 s Q y G ?| h9 t |
Laminae Reorientation
J 9 s9 s Q y G &+ F (@ I O 9 f E
Laminate
? +t= _ ? J+q Y
|~|
Laminate Design Problem
?+t =a yG ? J+qZ yG ~+ }Z@ ? yz T |
Laminate Forces and Moments
?+t= ayG ?J +qZ yG
Laminate Life-Protection Techniques
eh
R fh
? + t= a yG ?J+q Zy G Q }f ? * 9 >
Laminate Optimization
i(
9+"t @
?+t =ayG ? J+qZ yG ?z D| C
Laminate Stacking Sequence
? +t=a y G ?J+ qZy G O+] "@ h<9 A@
Laminate Strength Analysis Procedure
? + t = a y G ? J + q Z y G ? | h9 t | {+ z; ? + F G Q F E
Laminate Tailoring
?+t =ayG ? J+q ZyG b= \
Laminated Composite Materials
Laminated Glass
Laminated Plates
Laminated Shells
9t =ayG
IO
O g A| ?=v Q|
9t= ayG OO g A|
9t= ayG
9t=ay G
IO
IO
Law of Mixtures
9F R
Og A|
9 * Q Ws
f(!
h\( @
Least-Cost Structures
Og A | KF9 q Y
HF GR C G
Lay-Up of
O G(
,A
? qz v {s }G
Least-Weight
9s
9" <
) "=yG
9 ! R h {s }G
Least-Weight Structures
9 ! R h {s }G
Life
Life-Cycle Cost
9+ AG
9+ I
) "=yG
I Q hO
Linear
Q }f
? qz v
?+aL
Linear Strain-Displacement Relations
?+aL
)H
9JT !G
,d
9t A!G (
9* R!G
Linear Stress-Strain Behavior
,a L
Load-Deflection Behavior
Longitudinal Stiffness
?+ y (a y G
Longitudinal Strength
)g (
q
v vvv g(
q
vvv v g (
9 s; f
W@
c(
zS
{ }AG A 9 "J! :G
c(
zS
WA y G
9 % FE
W@
9|h 9t|(
IA
9 T@ G
? + y ( a y G ?| h9 t CG
Macromechanical Behavior
P9 +f ,w + !9 w +|
Macromechanics
P 9+f
|~}
c(
zS
x+!9w+ |
Major Poisson's Ratio

Manufacturing of
Manufacturing Processes
Materials Selection
Materials Utilization Factor
Matrix (Material)
Matrix Selection Factors
Maxima and Minima of Functions of a
Single Variable
Maximum Strain Criterion
Maximum Strain Failure Criterion
Maximum Stress Criterion
Maximum Stress Failure Criterion
Measurement of
Measurement of Strength
Measurements of Stiffness
Mechanical Behavior of
? T Qy
+
G f(
S < ? =T
G(
h Z@
+"
h ZA y
+"
9 z }f
G J +
9 AL
O G( CG Q +
OG( C G d
9 } gA S {| 9 f
G
? \9I ?a<
) "
G Q IO
9|
9 A L: ?p qZ| {| f
Q +
J A } < h <9 A y Q j Z y
q
d(v
v v
vv
v v
G(
}dgy ? O
vv Gh )v
i vv v
q q
vv*
v v G
99 y
OI
v AG J v * v %v "v G
Gh
}d f
} df
} df
}G g(
9 :
W Ay 9 g|
G Q +
}G Q +8
q
G g(
}d f
9F
W@ 9 g |
Q +
9 g|
}G O %
G Q +
9 : 9 F 9 g|
}G Q +8
G O %
E Q +
9s
S +
?| 9t
h
IA
?=v Q
q
C G OG (
9T
G( j
} zy w 9 w
+ CG c(
z Ty
Q G x 9w } zy
%
CG
+!
z Ty
+!
+!
OG( C G
9S9 s
+ CG c(
u s Oy
@G J
+!
? w 9w
9s
CG S +
w 9w
Mechanical Behavior of Composite Materials
Mechanical Properties
Mechanics of Materials Approach
Mechanics of Materials Approach to
Micromechanics
Mechanistic Relationships
Merit Function
Metal Matrix Materials
Metal Versus Composite
Microcrack
+F
OG( C G
+ CG U G (B G
x 9w | ?< 9t |
+!
x 9w | ?< 9t |
+!
? w 9 w | 9 s; f
+
+!
9t JAS : h< 9@
Og | b <
GQ J GP O G(
?=v Q| 9|
q
IO
A GRE f
|~~
%H
Og|
uV
Micromechanical Behavior
Micromechanics
Middle-Surface Curvatures
Middle-Surface Strains
Minimum Complementary Energy
Minimum Potential Energy
Mnemonic Notation
Mode Shapes
Modes
Modes of Failure
Mohr's Circle
Moire Technique
Molding of
Narrow Optimum Design
Nastran
Netting Analysis
Newton's Method
Nodal Line
Nomex
Nonalignment With Coordinate Directions
Nondeterministic
Nonlinear Behavior
Nonlinear Stress-Strain Behavior
Nonsingular
Nonsymmetric Laminate
Open-Versus Closed-Section
}uu
u + s O ,w + ! 9 w + | c (z S
)u + sO ( j Q % H x + ! 9 w + |
b S h} G K a T y G J 9 S (t @
bSh}G KaTyG J9$(q W@
x
9 +! OyG ?z }w C G ?s 9 a yG
9 + !Oy G ?"| 9 w yG ?s 9 a yG
I Q v GP z y Of 9 T| R + | Q @
?+a} ! d9wV C
d 9 w V C , W 9 }! C
Q 9 +8 : G W 9 }! C
Q (| I Q F G O
&*QG ( | ?+"t @
?= y (s
u+q ]yG \D|}G ~+}ZAyG
? + %A " CG Q Y 9 " g y G ? t * Q a < { + z J A zy H | 9 ! Q < : f G Q A S 9 !
,w = V {+ z ;
# @( +! ?t *Q_
jO tf bL
U w+|( !
J 9 + C G O I G J9 $ 9 : G ] E ? = T " y 9 < M 9 * R ! G
,} AI Q +i
,a L Q + i c (z S
,a L Q + i O 9 % FE v v g ( W@ c (z S
? < (z s , ?+ | 9 d !
Qc 9 " A | Q + i ? + t = _ ? J + q Y
? I ( A q | h a t | A G R E uz j | h a t |
Open-Versus Closed-Section Stiffeners
h a tC G ? tz j | J 9 | 9 fO AGR E h a t C G ?I (A q| J 9 | 9 f O
Optimum Design
\D|C ~+}Z @
Orthogrid
I O | 9 gA |
Orthotropic
,I 9 "C G ,C ; C
?w=V
Orthotropic Behavior
, I9 " CG ,C ; C c (z S
Orthotropic Lamina
, I9 "C G ? +C; C ?s 9 s Q
Orthotropic Material
,I 9 " C G ?+ C ; C IO 9 |
Orthotropic Modulus Ratio
, I 9 " C G , C ; C {| 9 gC G ? = T !
Orthotropy
,I 9 "C G ,C ; C
Overdesign
n
WQq|
Padding Up
_a = @ , ( WI
~+}Z @
Particulate Composite Materials
?+q =+=I ?=vQ| OG(|
Particulate Reinforcement
)J 9} +T @G( J 9=+ =A9<
Peek
) f (A + v
? * (t @
Q + A * G Q + A * G [ (< ( x + < Q + } + y ( <
Phenolics
? +y( "+p J GQ+} +y( <
Plane Stress
j( A T | O 9 % F E
Plane Stress (Orthotropic)
), I9 "C G
Plane Stress State
, C ; C ( j( A T | O 9 % F E
j( A T | O 9 % F E
Plastic Deformations
?y9I
q
?!O y J 9 $( W @
Plastic-Based Laminates
?+ w + A S; < ?+ t = _ K F 9 q Y
Plate
? J+q Y
Plate Aspect Ratio
? J+q ZyG { wV ? =T !
Plate Boundary Conditions
?J + q Zz y ?* O hO A G W h Q Wy G
Plate Buckling Equations
? J+qZ yG L 9g =!G J :O 9g |
Plate Equilibrium Equations
? J + qZ y G f R G (@ J :O 9 g |
Plate Vibration Equations
?J +qZy G R GR A$ G J :O 9g |
Ply Drops
?s 9 sQ y G J GQ G OJ ! G LQ O @
}uv
, tF 9 s Q > WL
Plywood
f ( SG (< ? = T !
Poisson's Ratios
QAS G [ ( <
Polyester
q
) O Og A | O + }* E ( O + }* E [( < Q + } + y ( <
Polyimide
j Q + }+ y (< b < GQ J GP O G( |
Polymer Matrix Materials
J GQ+} +y( <
Polymers
q
) O O gA | f (q z S( J 9 ! (q zS v v [( < Q + } + y ( <
Polysulfone
?*QGQA G ?@9g C G O g < 9| d 9wV C
Postcuring Shapes
,v Wv yGh _v Mv Tv Av yG Ov gv < 9v | ?v +v tv =v av yG Kv F9v qv Zv yG d9v wv VC

) ? @ 9 gC G (
Postcuring Shapes Of Laminates
?" |9v ?s 9_
Potential Energy
[h }G
Preliminary
Preliminary Design-Analysis
[ h} G ~ + } ZA y G {+ z ;
Principal Material Directions
q
IO 9 }z y ?+ T + F Q y G J 9 $9 : :G
Principle of Minimum Complementary Energy
x
? * Q j Y}G ?z }w C G ?s 9 a y G CO= |
)? A <9 D y G ( I Q tA T C G ?" | 9 w y G ?s 9 a y G CO= |
Principle of Stationary Potential Energy
q
UG (L
Properties of
>JS
Pultrusion
Quality Control Factors
I O ( @ G ? = s G Q| { | G ( f
Quasi-Isotropic
9 = * Q t@ ,I 9 " C G { C 9 }A |
, I9 " C G ? zC 9 }A | & = V ? + t = _ ? J + q Y
Quasi-Isotropic Laminate
?w T yG [ s Q 9 =ALG
Rail Shear Test

Random Arrangement
, F G ( Wf >+ @ Q @
Rayleigh-Ritz Method
R A *Q v v \ *GQ ?t *Q _
Rc7
# q+ S v v ,S v v Q B
Reciprocal Relations
? + Tw f J 9 s; f
}uw
n
dRAJ
Reduced
n
Reduced Bending Stiffness
? y RA M
CG a
Reduced Stiffness
! G IA
9ag :
?yRAM
9 TF
CG IA @ G
9T
Regular
"
~dA |
Regular Antisymmetric Angle-Ply Laminate J v v Q JGP v v"v v G v v v v v v v v"v v+v v v v v+v v

9 s9 s
Q c 9 A y ? T v9 g | ? } d A | ? t = _ ? J q Y
? z 9|
Regular Laminate
" +
? }d A | ? t= _ ? J q Y
Regular Symmetric Angle-Ply Laminate
F J 9 s 9 s Q JG P I Q c 9 " A | ? } d A " | ? + t = _ ? J + q Y
?z 9|
Regular Symmetric Cross-Ply Laminate
?= y9ZA|
Reissner Variational Theorem

Relation to Compliances for Orthotropic
Materials
J 9 s 9 s Q JG P I Q c 9 " A | ? } d A " | ? + t = _ ? J + q Y
q
Q"T *Qv v y ?+@ GQ+j AyG ?*Q d"yG
, "CG +
I9
Relation to Stiffnesses for Orthotropic

Materials
? C;C
O G ( C G , p ? f h 9 a C G J; | 9 g } < ? s ; f
, "CG +
I9
O G( C G I A9 T F J ; | 9 g | ? s; f
? C;C
Representative Volume Element
{D
Resin-Transfer Molding
F,
"
}G I Q Z f
d 9 tA ! :9 < H " @ GQ y G ?= y (s
Restriction on
Restrictions on Micromechanical Behavior

Restrictions on Theory
+ G , + ! + CG c( G ^ O ( +
* " G ^ O( +
u sO y
9w
z Ty
? Qd y
Reuter Matrix
QA
Roll-Forming
f O s
* hQ (
? p qZ |
)? FQ I Oy G ( ?z p Q Oy 9 < {+ w WA y G
Rule of Mixtures
F G CG I O f9 s
H R
Saint-Venant, Barre De
jO Q9< v v B!9!( p v v B!9S
Sandwich Core
) X * hO ! 9 T y G ( IQ + a Wy G >z s
Sandwich-Blade
) X * hO ! 9 T y G( IQ + a W y G ) IQ q V( {Z !
k
q
9 + zL G O u T A | LP ( } !
Self-Consistent Model
Semi-Inverse Method
, " G H( CG *
qZ y
}ux
zt
?t Q_
? + S 9 TA G J 9 SG Q O
Sensitivity Studies
Separation of Variables
JG
Q+q jACG {Zp
[q tyG g(q W@ ?*Qd!
Shear Deformation Theory
[q s b}!
Shear Mode
[q tyG J;|9g|
Shear Moduli
Shear Stiffness
[q tyG IA9TF
Shear Strength
[q tyG ?|h9t|
Shear-Extension
[q s v v ?y9aASG
[q tyG v v ?y9aAS:G LhGR@
Shear-Extension Coupling
[q s v v [q s
Shear-Shear
[q s v v [q s LhGR@
Shear-Shear Coupling
?J + q Zy G ) { + w W@ ( ?= y (s
Sheet Molding
? J + qZ y G ?= y (s > v Q |
Sheet Molding Compound

Shells
Shells, Laminated
9 * Q Ws
9 t = _ O Og A | , J 9 * Q Ws
? 8 z } C G ? g a t y G e G O M A S 9 < ( b = ] y 9 < ) J; Y h (
Shimmed
) p
bTq =CG ~+}ZAyG A9]p
Simplified Design Space

Singular
, |9d! Q+i ,H( zs Q+i
Skew Plates
Qc9" AyG ? qy9MA | KF9q Y

q
?a * Q W y G f O z @ e (% q |
Softening Strip Concept
{ AG J9+"t @
Solution Techniques
{ FC # | ?Y 9 L J :9 I
Special Cases for
?Y9 L ,I 9 "C G ?+C ; C ?+t =_ KF9 q Y

q
Special Orthotropic Laminates

Specially Orthotropic Lamina
?Yq 9L ,I9"CG ?+C;C ?s9sQ
Specially Orthotropic Material
?Yq 9L ,I9"CG ?+C;C IO9|

? + f( " y G IA 9 T@ G
Specific Stiffness
}uy
Specific Strength
? + f( ! ?| h9 t |
Stacking Sequence
O +]"A yG h<9 A@
q
q
) >+ @ Q A y G ? = s9 gA | ( ? J ! Q A | ? g< Q | ? w = V
Staggered Square Array

Stationary Potential Energy
)?A< 9C( I QtAT | ?" |9v ?s 9_
Statistical Approaches
? +F9ZI E
v
Stiffened Structures
?} fO|
Stiffener Design
J9<Q9t |
)J GA 9 W! E ( )" <
?|9 f OyG ~+}Z @
Stiffeners
J9|9f O
Stiffening Strip Concept
?}f GO y G ?a * Q Wy G
Stiffness
e (% q |
IA 9 T@ G
Stiffness in Arbitrary Coordinates
) ?+ _ 9 = A fG ( ?+ q + v J 9 + C GO IE , p IA 9 T@ G
q
r + zy G g 9 :G up h IA 9 T@ G
Stiffness in Fiber Direction

Stiffness Ratio
I A9T @G ? =T !
Stiffness Tensor
q
IA 9 T@ G Q @ ( |
Stiffness Transverse to Fiber Direction
r + zy G g 9 :G
E ? = T " y 9 < ?+ ! 9 \Q g y G IA 9 T@ G
q
I A9 T @G j OI
Stiffness-Critical
Stiffnesses
IA 9 T@ G
Stiffness-Sensitive Structures
IA 9 T G zy ? S 9 TI ) J G A 9 W! E ( )" <
q
q
g (W A y G h O 9 % F G Q + j @
Strain and Stress Variation

Strain Assumptions
= T" y G
q
g (W A y G J 9 + \Q p
Strain Distribution
q
q
g ( WA y G YR ( @
Strain Energy
q
g (W A y G ?s 9 _
q
M9 * R ! :G v v g ( WA y G J 9 s; f
Strain-Displacement Relations
q
q
g(WAyG ?s9_ QQq ; )dOg|( ?fQS
Strain-Energy-Release Rate
Strains
?+=T !
q
J 9 $( W @
q
O 9 % FE v v g( W @ J 9 s; f
Strain-Stress Relations
Strength
) I( s ( , ?| h9 t |
}uz
Strength in Fiber Direction
r+ z y G g 9 : G u p h ?| h9 t CG
Strength Tensor
?| h9 t CG
Strength Transverse to Fiber Direction
)Q(
T" @ ( Q @ ( |
r+ z y G g 9 : G ] E ? = T " y 9 < ?+ ! 9 \ Q g y G ?| h9 t CG
Strength-Critical
q
j
? |h 9tC G
Stress Concentration
Stress Concentration Factor
9%F
Stress Distribution
9%F
Stress-Intensity Factors
Stress-Strain Relations
j(
W@
v vv v O
9%F E
ty G ~+} ZAyG
) ,F
Structural Configuration
= y G ( ,F 9 W!
Structural Optimization
?+F9W !
Structural Polymers
)j( +"
= y G ( ,F 9 W!
Structural Response Parameters
?+F9W !
Symmetric Angle-Ply Laminates
? zF 9 |
9 s9 sQ
?< 9GAS :G
J GP I
j (+ "
<
~+ }ZA yG ?+ FGQ F E
)JG
n r
?z D|}G
n r
?z D|} G
?+ F 9 W! E
Structural Reconfiguration
{+ w WA y G
? +F9W !
Structural Optimization Techniques
9 s; f
9 % F( |
9W !E(
, F9W !
)j( +"
R + v Q @ I OV {| G (f
Structural
Structural Design Process
q
G YR(
9%F
q
9%F
q
g(
Strong Design Drivers
R+vQ@
R + v Q@ { | 9 f
OI
JG
9+"t @
Q+} +y( <
{ +wW AyG
IO
9f E
Q A | G Q 9 < ( b F 9 Sh
Qc9"A | ?+t =_ KF9q Y
Symmetry
Qc9 "@
Tailoring of
b= \
q
Tailoring of Composite Materials
?=v QC G
Tape Laying
O G (C G
b= \
? a * QW y G h \ ( @
Temperature-Dependent Properties of
IQG
Tensor Shear Strain
Q A G ? F Q O < ? a = @ Q|
q
[ t y G g( W @
Thermal Coupling
)Q(
jQG
}u{
q
UG (
T" @ ( Q @ ( |
QI
L hG
R@
?* QA
Thermal Stresses
QG
Thermoplastic
jQG
Q A Oz Ay
G f
9 * Q I Oz A| b <
Thermoplastic-Matrix Materials
G JG
Q+} +y( <
QG
GQ J GP O G
Q A > z ZAy
q
Thermoset
j QG
9* Q I > z ZA| b <
Thermoset-Matrix Materials
9%F
G J GO
G JG
Q+} +y( <
QG
Torsion-Tube Test
(|
GQ J GP O G
(|
(= ! } {A p ( A y 9 = A L
G )
( AG
G Q
? + zw y ? " | 9 w y ? s 9 a y
Total Potential Energy
Q L Q | {< 9 t | 9 | Q | # f 9 " @ ?y 9 = | ?z \9 q |
Trade-Off
dR
Transformation of
Transformation of Stiffnesses
IA
9T@
Transformation of Strains
G J
9 $ ( WA y {* (;
q
J GO
9 % F {* (;
G
Transformed Reduced
R A J (I
n
? y R A M C ?y ( J A C 9 T@
Transformed Reduced Stiffnesses
Gh
; | 9 g | : (;
Transformation of Stresses
(;
G IA
G J
;| 9g|
Transverse Load
?+ !9\Q f ? y( >
Transverse Mode
P9\ Qf b} !
P 9 \ Q g y [t y 9 C
Transverse Shearing Effects
P9\ Qg y [ty
Transverse Shearing Stresses
G Q
G J GO
9%F
?+!9\ Qf ?| 9t |
Transverse Strength
r+ z y 9 : ] ? = T" y 9 +@QAy 9T @ ?+ QF
Tsai's Laminate Ranking Procedure
{+$
Tsai-Hill Criterion
Tsai-Hill Failure Criterion
}u|
9+8;y { +$
v vv v j
v vv v j
FG
9 T@ 9 + g |
Q
9 T@ 9 + g |
Q
Tsai-Wu Criterion
h h v v j 9 T@ Q 9 + g |
q
Q 9 + 8 ; y j Q @ ( C G h h v v j 9 T@ Q 9 + g |
q
Q 9 + 8 ; y h h v v j 9 T@ Q 9 + g | )Q ( T" @ ( Q @ ( |
Ultimate Load
, }d f }
Underdesign
G { }AG
H ( z a CG #| { s C ~ + } Z@ , r + g \ ~ + }Z @
Unequal in Tension and Compression
b j ]y Gh O Wy G
,p
h9 T A | Q + i
m
q
j Q ( J C G O Wy G Q 9 = A LG
Uniaxial Tension Test
Unidirectionally Reinforced
9 * Q (I i (t |
Unidirectionally Reinforced Lamina
9 * Q (I I G( t| ?s 9 s Q
Unsymmetric Cross-Ply Laminates
? = y 9 Z A | J9 s 9 s Q J G P I Q c 9 " A | : ? + t = _ K F 9 q Y
Unsymmetric Laminate
I Qc9"A| : ? +t= _ ? J+q Y
Variational Techniques
?+@G Q+j A| J9+"t @
Variations in Displacements
q
,J:9v v v v vtv v v v vAv v v v v!:G( J9v v v v vI9v v v v v*Rv v v v v!:G ,v v v v vp JGQv v v v v+v v v v vjv v v v v@
) J 9<9JT !:G
Vibration
R G R A$G
Vibration of Laminated Plates
J 9 t = a y G I O O gA | K F 9 q Z y G R G R A $ G
Vinyl Ester
{+ " + qy G J G Q A SG
Viscoelastic Behavior
LR y f Q | c (z S
Volume Fraction
? + }G A G ?= T" y G
Volumetric Strain
, }GI
q
g( W @
q
d (= * Gh YR ( @
Weibul Distribution
q
f R ( zy ? S 9 TI ) )" < ( J G A 9 W! E
Weight-Sensitive Structures
Whiskers
)J ; = S( ? * Q g V a 9 + y C
Wide Optimum Design
^* Q f
Woven Lamina
\D|
C ~+}Z @
?w+ I ?s 9s Q
Young's Moduli
k ! ( * J; | 9 g |
}u}
Sd
190 ,185 : Q(
J} y
9 Dy 9 F
G ,F "
385 : jQG
QJ y 9 F
G O %
227 :
225 :, !
385 :,
OW y 9 F
G O %
9 \Qg y 9 F
G O %
w 9w }y 9 F
+!
G O %
9J:
589 :A "
288 : T
9}w :
!
9t=ay
,589 : J vvvvvv vvvvvv vvvvvv
G O %
vvvvvv G #vvvvvv+vvvvvv
<
9F
G JG O %
9F
G JG O %
9 F
JGO vvvvvv%vvvvvv
vvvv
S6
vvvvv
vvvvv
? < 9_ Q AS : 9C 6
389 : +
G Q
9 \Q g y [ t y 9 C
,534 ,25 :,vvvvv! vvvvv

G
vvvvv vvvvv G
tDy
589 :H(+
gy
G d(
G d(
I
I
? : ay
229 : +!
? 9\ Q gy
292 : + !
589 :A
,152 ,144 ,125 :
9F
JGO %
9F
JGO %
9F
G JGO %
9F
G JGO %
9 Wj y
[ty
9F
G JG O %
9 F
vvv vvv G JGO vvv%vvv
Oy 9
251 :.a
326 ,135 :, !
,422
,284
,194
328 :jQ(
239 :
G
583 :
294 :Q(
vvv
vvv G IO vvv
G g
} gy 9 G@ :
G g
J }y 9G@ :
G g
G b
+FG
J}y
vvv vvv
Q jZ Ay ? QF
+
G jO
9I
? = vQ } y 9 } z y } d f
: vvv vvv
E
GOB
?f 9a }y 9q@
244 :
R|
~ }Z Ay ? QF ?A}@
!hO ,
: a y 9 G@ :
135 :jO(
,vvv vvv
vvv
+FG
9F
}G O %
9 F
}G O vvv%vvv
297
E
227 : W
,535
vvvvv vvvvv G Q vvvvv B
709 ,708 ,541
706
589 :H(
,167
9 j] : 9 F
296 : L
542
}u~
G O %
9 g= : 9 F
!
G O %
? y9 a A S [ t y
,129 ,50 : vvvv

,316
,153
vvvv
vvvv vvvv
,151
Qs
G vvvvv
vvvv vvvv G f G vvvv G
,149
,135
125 :
?+}c 9 "y
488 : Q
699 ,436 ,352 ,329
153 ,129 :
[t y [t y
G vvvvv
39 :
G fG
,t" y ( +"}y }
G e
278 ,53 :a
215 ,79 ,77 :fh Q
76 :e
(= y
(+ z*Q+= y
G a
G a
9+ y
9+ y
9 +y }
vvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvvv
?+F9 FRy
32 :
?z *(a y
215 ,33 :
(< Qw y
9 My B+ p Qjy
G
278 :
G a
B+p Qj y
33 : f
79 : e
G a
G IO
9+ y
9+ y
9 | 9+ y
a
? ! 9 A}y ? * 9T A| 9+ y
G
60 ,58 : Y
9= V ? t = T| 9+ y
604 :a
542 ,168 :.C
.S
,f
,457 ,452 : .E
,669
C vvvvv
? w Ty [s 9= AL
G
G JGQ
($
9}z*
#*
G c
,477
G c
,f
hQE
(+ "}y} ;S
vvvvvvvv vvvvvvvv
OC
? +S 9J "y ; S }
vvvvvvvv
,507
9 =AL :
,f
.L
U}+F
618 :
C vvvvv
638 ,592 :j
vvvvv
110 : e
vvvv vvvv vvvv
(AV
vvvvvvvv vvvvvvvv
,458
n r
? +\ 9*Q y ? z D| }
n r
G Y
(+ "=y {+ wW Ay 9 f
G
G IO
OZ y #f ?}F9 "y
G
G H
50 : L
n r
? +! :( ay ;\ }
?*( +"=y ?z D|}

G
G Q
702
?=v Q| ?+t=_ ?J+q Y ?zD |

q
C vvvvv
G Q
40 :
C vvvvv
G
438 :J
670
710 ,663 :
40 :e
9 *9 | (T@ 9= |
(
662 vvvvv 660 :
528 ,526 : .Q
Optimization ? z D |}
662 ,656 :
G Q
?+w +! 9 w+} y
G vvvvv
9 I} 9 =AL :
207 : OQG
,698
9 I } O Wy 9= AL
G vvvvv
,655 ,654 : )
? q Y (}y u p O Wy 9= AL
307 ,135 :
C vvvvv
> zw y ? }d f ? " +f 9= AL
G vvvvv
9+y } 9 t A! { | (f
G A
172 :
G
G jO
9 %F
(J} y ? * 9I
G vvvvv
9 +y}
G a
(J }y
G jO
182 :
9 +y}
G a
(J }y
C vvvvv
282 ,76 :
239 : Q
G
51 :)
vvvvvvvvvvv G JGhP a vvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvvv
250 :
242 : Q
G
C vvvvv
h _9 t } y
9 + y}
{ wW y ? z+a AT}y ? + ! 9\ Q gy
vvvvvvvvvvv
Qs
G JGO
,329 ,326 :
G
,489
,456
{Ap
vvvvv vvvvv
,454
,436
9F (f :
9+ \ Q Ap :
9"J!
vvvvv A vvvvv vvvvv
9a f }
Qs
vvvvv G fG vvvvv
,352
701 ,700 ,507
399 : jQG
}vu
QJy
G fG
Qs
334 :
?y9 a AS: 9 gq
G d
9y
297 ,281 ,230 : a + } G d
135 : ,
9 gq
193 :
OWy 9 gq
G d
vvvvv vvvvv G d vvvvv vvvvv vvvvv!
448 :,
G
vvvvvvv+vvvvvvv zvvvvvvv
,149 ,125 ,120 :
G d
[ty
vvv vvv G J
? =T y
226 : +
" G J
y { zt@
90 ,87 : fR( G
9t
vvv vvv vvv
vvvF vvv vvv
vvv G L vvv vvv vvv!G
r zy 9 g=
+
{ w WAy 9 tA
+
G A
}y 9tA
G A
498 : aG
468 :,
} df
}G aG
? 9\ Q gy
vvv G RG vvv vvv$G
443 : + !
G J
494 ,443 ,319 :J
9t=ay OgA| K 9qZy RA

9 A S: ?a T<
vvvv G I O
vvvv vvvv vvvv
vvvv G RG vvvv vvvv$G
vvvvF vvvv vvvv
489 : O "
424 :
594 :
Moire
~ }ZA y
+
..
669 : h
,115 ,93 ,78 : fhQ(v
<
HG
G aG
a ,#+
389 ,37 : JG
450 :L
O
O
vvvvv ,v
( *
Tv =
v
(v v*
,202
,183
,154
,138
,465
,302
,259
,215
,207
QJ :
G A " C J
37 : ,
$C
9I9 R :
* !
9I9 R :
* !
37 : Q
9DA :
!
a< Q A y 9 WA :
G
G Q
9 J :
,457 ,436 ,116 ,25 :A vvvvvvvvv"vvvvvvvvv

hC
vvvvvvvvv!
535
G
291 : L
G
9g = : 9 J
!
G A "
!G
9t=ay OgA| K 9qZy 9 J
: J vvv vvv vvv

,204
$C
Ty
O Tv =
9 g= : 9 C
!G
QJ :
!G
9p Q J :
514 ,438 ,435
J vvvv vvvv vvvv
!G
G L
601 ,582 ,571 : OG(
G L
Qw } y 9g = :
616 ,582 :
!E
RA :
514 ,451 ,438 ,435
!G
vvvF vvv vvv
vvv vvv vvv
9t=ay OgA| K 9qZy RA

vvv G I O
vvv G I O
304 ,288 :jh
hC U
vvvvvvv G L vvvvvvv vvvvvvv vvvvvvv!G
vvvvvvvF vvvvvvv vvvvvvv
291 ,288 ,287 :
: 9g q :
753 ,436 ,116 ,25 :RG
: J vvv vvv vvv
vvvvvvv
vvv vvv vvv!G
9t=ay OgA| K 9qZy 9g=
:9 g q
? Q w | :9 gq
G L
448 : J
441 ,415 ,334 ,299 ,152
232 : *h
vvvvvvv
: J vvv vvv vvv
Q }y 9g q :
=g WAy 9g= :
Q C @BJ@K 9qZy 9g=

: } Jy
471
278 : f
753 ,480 ,448 ,436
!G
9 \Q g y 9 g q :
,228 ,133 : ,vvvvv! vvvvv
,289 ,174 ,116 ,25 :L vvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvv!
!G
}G Jy 9g q :
G d
9g= :
!G
vvv G I O
vvv vvv vvv
vvvF vvv vvv
vvv G A vvv"vvv
vvv!G
514 ,438 ,435
741 ,704 ,522 ,520 ,484
34 ,32 :J
}vv
9 f; M :
!
,207 ,179 ,26 :f
(* .
v v Qv v<
Q , Uv v=v v 9v v<
707 ,423 ,417
582 : h
+"
,274
,260
n r
669 :? 9 A}yG ?zD|C J9 G |Q<
669 :
H|9 Q< vvvvv
RC7
H|9 Q< vvvvv
669 :
226 :
403 :
OPLAM
"
+"
=yG
=yG
71 : fhQ
276 : H ,d
* !( *
=yG
#+ + * , (
=yG
+ * ,(
y
=yG
,(
=yG
+ ( + "+ , (
y
=yG
+(
=yG
z QvC
62 ,36 :
z D E
37 : JGO } E
36 :f
40 : dG Q @
qzS
< {
36 : JGQ} y
vvvvvvvvzvvvvvvvvf ?vvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvF9vvvvvvvvWvvvvvvvv
L9FR vvvvv
, (*
Tv =
vvvvvvTvvvvvvv
( *
vvvvvv=vvvvvv
,103
,215
,202
,183
,169
,116
,484
,482
,465
,464
,260
,547
,520
,518
,504
,487
,586
,572
,559
,558
,554
: ?v v 9v vAv v}v vy G
, (*
v vTv vv
v vy9v vf Bv v v vpGQv vi vvvvv
v v=v v
76
p vvvvv
, (*
<Q v v v v v v
, (*
( *
273 : P:
110 :f
,183 ,77 :Q;vvvvvvqvvvvvv vvvvvvv vvvvv
Tv
Tv =
vvvvvvTvvvvvvv
vvvvvv=vvvvvv
704
. .
. .
533 : Q
vvvvv
!*
L ,f9 } R C
509 : S
e ,k
"* (*
vvvvv
23 :x Q@9 < , Q9<
+ (
vvvvvvvv=vvvvvvvvyG
,162 ,160 ,26 :S :
36 :J9 _ 9a }yG
+(
: jQGQvvJvvyG >vvzvvZvvAvvy G JGP JGQvv}vv vvy
Tv =
,107
y G ?= y9 ZA}y G v v v v v
G JGQvvvvvvvv}vvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvy
, (*
,108
q
36 :?f QqA}y G vvvvv
,183
,112
vvvvvvvv=vvvvvvvv
,115
36 :? aMy G vvvvv
36 : J;Y
( *
741 ,704 ,640 ,611
<
,(
33 :{ QA
59 :J9 t=a yG A 9 <
L9FR vvvvv
,97 ,77 :Bvvvvvv vvvvvvpG Qvvvvvvi vvvvv
9\ Q gyG Og =yG
267 :? hQw }yG ?
,202
302 ,78 :
,!
,259
vvvvvvvvTvvvvvvvvv
741 ,586 ,520 ,300
Z AyG {F GO<
,169 ,77 :L9vvvvvvvvFR vvvvv
vv=vvyG
( +! (!
vvwvv vv
vv 9vvi 9vv<
,423
,417
,179
,178
,166
,687
,677
,550
,539
,535
707
606 ,36
}vw
,w +! 9 w+} yG
216 :jhQw }y G
+ +! 9w }yG
21 : ? w
+ (vvvv=vvvvyG
: jQGQvvvvJvvvvyG fOvvvvzvvvvAvvvvy G JGP JGQvvvv}vvvv vvvvy
{ zJ AyG
606 ,36
J; zJ AyG
645 : .Q
218 :bj ]yG {} J@
316 ,250 :.S
388 :jQGQJ yG { }J AyG
218 :O WyG { } J@
388 :
,w +! 9 w+} yG
vvvvv
{ }J AyG
559 ,97 :
161 : ?s9 sQyG Q h O@
,162 ,160 ,26 : h

,409
,373
,258
#vvqvv+vvAvvS
,251
(A yG
, j9vvTvv@
342 :
230 :
291 : r zyG g
450 :L9 g= : G J9
q
585 ,569 : ?=v Q}yG
~vvv vvv}vvvZvvv@
,vvvp
+" t@
,597 :
( W@
,k 9 G@
G { zJ@
{ zJ AyG
,vvyh}G
~vv vv}vvZvvAvvy G {vv vvzvvJvv@ vvvvv

600 ,598
( W@
: bvvvvS
$( W@
(vvvvAvvvv}vvvvyG
~vvvv vvvv}vvvvZvvvvAvvvvyG {vvvv vvvvzvvvvJvvvv@ vvvvv

600 ,598 ,597
,597 :
,vvF9v %vv"v yG
~vv v }v Zv Av yG {vv v zv Jv @ vvvvv

600 ,599
vvvvv
fGQvvvvvAvvvvvS 9vvvvv
Hvvvvv |9vvvvv Qvvvvv< eG OvvvvvMvvvvvAvvvvvSG vvvvv vvvvv

599 :)
{vvvv9vvvWvvv}vvvyG J:9vvvGvvv| vvvvv

q
( +"= yG
QZ= AyG
)"=y G ~ +} Z@
698 : ?=vQ}y G
G Of 9= AyG
596 ,588 :~ }Z AyG { zJ@
#j*( i
588 : j
( W@
38 : K qZ AyG
46 :K qZA yG J9
{v 5AyG
+z
591 ,589 :b 9q L
,! 9 \Q g yG g( W@
50 : [tyG g
{ v5@
( S G ( < Q+ C z @
,F9 *R+qyG
304 :
*(T AyG
166 : H ,
, ! 9q zjyG
, w | 9 " * O h Q*
265 :
#+MT AyG
hC ?
(+" }y} G
++
687 ,677 ,666
580 : fRG
, QA T <
556 :? 8 =y G JGQ C AyG
,180
37 : M9 W@Q: G h|
.c
129 : f
731 vvvvv 729 ,120 :dRAM }yG R |QAyG
,ZQ <
vvvvv
559 :e
515 : O }M AyG
.c
)" =yG
NASTRAN
"
581 : HA }yG { zJ@
}vx
307 : ?+"=y G ~+} Z@
91 :> gAyG Q}f vvvvv
39 :r +zj AyG
627 ,617 : J9 |9 fOy G ~+} Z@
59 :a 9+ y}9 < vvvvv
,689 ,688 : ?v+vtv=vavyG KvF9vqvZvyG ~v+v}vZv@

692
38 :{ F9T yG ~+ Jq@
423 :
Moire
95 :,!Og }yG ~+}Z AyG
?!9t@
: JGQvF9vavzvy jOv+vzvtvAvyG ,v!Ovgv}vy G ~v+v}vZvAvyG
238 : ?*O* OJA yG J9 +!9 tAyG
100
582 : b<QyGh {+ Y( AyG J9+!9 t@
q
,267 ,116 : ?vv=vvvQvv}vvyG OG(vv}vvyG ~vv+vv}vvZvv@
249 : ?t<9a }zy ,qW +y( wT| J9+!9 t@
307
265 : J9=* QtAyG
652 : h+"Z AyG

q
280 : a9 +y} 9< ?*( tAyG
,573 ,571 : ?vvv=vvvv Qvvv}vvvy G )vvv"vvv=vvvyG hvvv+vvv"vvvZvvv@

575
611 :h+}G AyG r+ y9 w@
594 ,81 ,80 :{ +jW AyG r+ y9 w@
21 :a 9+y }G Q*( Z@
611 ,102 :h+"Z AyG r+ y9 w@
50 : [s O9 %F E u+= a@
32 ,25 ,23 : ?+F9 W!
594 ,81 : ?!9+ ZyG r+ y9 w@
G J9 t+=a AyG
q
: ?vv=vvvQvv}vvyG OG (vv}vvzvvy ?vv*Q9vvGvvAvvyG J9vvtvv+vv=vvavvAvvyG
281 :a 9+ y} G QT w@
115
594 : ?qzw AyG
q
112 : ?+F9 ]qy G J9 t+=a AyG
571 : ?=v Q}yG OG(}y G ?qz w@
113 : J9<Qgy G ,p J9 t+=a AyG
42 :a9 +y }G O+] "@
96 : u*Qa AyG
56 : J9s 9s QyG O+] "@
518 ,517 ,515 ,25 :>g AyG
42 :JGQ+W tyG O+] "@
517 :>g AyG [F9Z L vvvvv
284 : r+ zyG ?!9A }y {=*G h h* R(@
694 : >gA yG c (zS vvvvv
J9vvvvvtvvvvv+vvvvv=vvvvvavvvvvAvvvvvy G ,vvvvvp fR(vvvvvyG ,vvvvvp Qvvvvv+vvvvvp(vvvvvAvvvvvyG
517 : >gA yG QQ\ vvvvv
112 : ?+F9] qyG
}vy
302 :.Q *Q ,f(

,500 ,448 ,180 :J v v hQ , v v!(v v
561
O
Q <
vvvvv
259 : d Q ,S (
103 ,86 :e(+! + G
292 : H S ,( "+ ( +
.
9 YQy
9= =I
?q Zty
9= =I
9 T=A J}y
9dy
{ |9 g } y
9dy
{ |9 g } y
zf
vvvvv
K 9qZy
tDy
? C;C
Og} y
} z y ? SO
B<
9 C
Dy
OJy
? g <QAy
O Jy
? a My
O Jy
Oy
O Jy
?J J Zy
z Jy
9 y
vvvvv
9T Gy
? p9D wy
Q j A |; y
?y
}I
r zy
?y
}I
QW<
? t=ay
t}y
J}y
9T Gy
?J qZy
? = vQ } y
}y
9TF
9TF
}y
G
}vz
9 TF
I9 }y
C ;C ~T Gy
U 9G A}y
Q i ~T Gy
I9 }y
? 9S Q My
9T Gy
^<9 y
vvvvv
42 : !
? F 9F
}I
~ }Z Ay
vvvvv
P Gy
? 9 }I
?y
44 :IPG G
652 ,38 ,25 :IA G
33 : G ) E IA G
51 : *Q( G IA G
:I v+q v v v v G v+v v v v G v v+v v v G IA v v
685 ,681 ,677
vFG v v IG(v v v G v v q v v G OG(v v G IA v v
259 : + R
227 : " G IA
47 :, " G ,
G
G
47 : ! G +
47 :, " G
+
G
OG(v v Gh Q v v v v v +v v * v }G v +v v v v G
51 :)ASTM(
?y } Jy
V } @
J}y
O Jy
9g= :
? t=ay
OJy
?y Ozy 9
vvvvv
520 : + G F G , H( G
185 :Q( G +
38 :f G J +F "
,130 ,25 :OG(v v v v+v v"v%v G v G(v v G
210
~GI
?y Ozy ? }df
?_ = ]}y
vvvvv
44 :U G J +
44 : G J +
246 : *h G J G
:j v$ v v G v!(v* v v v v )v!O}G v v G
241
:j v$ v v G v!(v* v v v v )v v }G v v G
242
733 : G + }G Oh G
204 : + + G Oh G
204 : +q G Oh G
733 : G +! G Oh G
248 : ( Gh + G d( G
35 :a + }G *
586 ,50 : ( G
,486 ,473 ,295 :L v v v ! G v (v v
578 ,507 ,504 ,503 ,487
652 : + G (
294 : + G (
Q wy
9| @
9A Ay
vvvvv
{C 9}A | Q i ~ T Gy
9 = A L; y ? w Q |
? g}Gy
23 :
#* 9 v U "+q*
Q
138 :.h
31 :.v
.E
,f
$.
(S Q w*
.C
RA+*
32 :a
34 :
?* (z= y
72 :
74 :
vvvvv Q
vvvvv
G JG
9 +y} [ 9 ZL
G
Q+ gWy [ 9 ZL
G
?+ t=ay ?J +qZy [ 9 ZL
G
?+ 9 W!
F
G fO
9 g}y [ 9 ZL
G
?* Otgy
284 :b
9 ZAy : ?a<
G
491 :
GQ
{ T z T A y ) z f ( Y( | 9 F H " @
v
v v
v v G
v v
d v
L v
R vvvvv
vvvvv
v v GQ
251 :. H
.e
Q" T*
119 ,53 ,52 :
v G J v
vF v
668 ,657 ,583 :b
GQ
586 :
G
624 :
u z j} y ha t } y
vvvvv
624 :M
(A q } y ha t } y
G
v G
v v v G
v v
619 :
v Q
621 ,619 :
385 ,164
? | 9 g y , I9 " } y ? + C ; C ? s9 s
,150 : v v
vv vv G
vv
vv vv vv G
vv vv
vv
vv
626 ,625 :
vv Q
vv O vv
9 + y}
C a vv vv
G JGP
(J}y ?* 9I
v v G
v O v
O+] "Ay ?y
G
G JGP J
G JGP J
?=vQ}y
? = vQ } y ? s 9 sQ y
9 G@ :
?+ !Og}y
G J
G J
vv vv
vv vv G
9 + y}
C a v v
vv
vv
v G
v v
, _9 = A f ? *
v
v v v
G ) v hGR(
44 :e
9 s9 s
& + F( @
v v
v Q
vvv vvv vvv G
151 :d
vvv vvv
vvv vvv vvv
G vvvvv O
488 :
vvv vvv
J vvv
U* (!
Q
316 :.H
(W y
? =y 9Z A| 9 s9 s
.S
138 :.H ,
vvv Q
260 :. e ,
G J
9 |9 f O y
v G
278 :.L
}v{
, hO
k!
( "+@ 9|
Q
,< Q +y 9|
.L
G IQ hO
v Q
, I9 " } y ? z C9 } A | Q + i 9 s9 s
9g q ! 9 %F
9s;f
vvv
9 |9 f O y
G f
68 :j
314 ,145
JGP
9 |9 f O y
(+ "}y} 9$
300 ,284 :.a
9 s9 s
JGP J v
9 |9 f O y
626
165
GO
Q q W y b } ! ? | 9 fO y
vvvvv I v v
vv G
G JG P J v
GO
234 ,222 ,220 ,219 :g
:Q v
,625 :I v v
GO
? g = s { wV ) z f ? |9 f O y
Q+aV
424
?* 9I
QJ!: ?y
? Y9 M y , I9 " } y ? + C ; C ? s9 s
v
299 :a G
324 ,216 ,72
,148 : v
9 tJAS : ?y
GQ
? s 9s Q y
9 !( w | [ 9 Z L
? s9 s Q y
,54 : v
,z*
(a My
vvvvv
272
645 ,508 :.E ,
G W
hO
jO
jO
U+q*
40 :{v5Azy
+" e (+ "}yC ?w+ =S
711 :Y9=V G
?g |
135 ,133
182 :.d .O ,QiQ9=T!9AS
140 :9*Q(J| IG(t}yG J9s9sQyG
65 :Q}AT}yG uD=y9< >JTyG

q
54 :,aL d9gq!G v v v O9%FE c(zS
109 :JQ< ,f9@hQ
q
:,v v av v L;v v yG d9v v gv v qv v !G v v v O9v v %v v FE c(v v zv v S
,275 ,246 ,26 :Qv vAv vyhh .H ,fRhQ

300 ,284 ,282
705 ,232
147 :JQ<hQ ,QA*hQ
:?v v s9v v sQv v zv v y d9v v gv v qv v !G v v v O9v v %v v F G c(v v zv v S
435 :.f .L ,jO*Q
316
316 :.E ,Q"T*Q
503 :aGQJ!:G c(zS
,v v v v p d9v v v v gv v v v qv v v v !G v v v ?v v v v y(v v v v }v v v v Jv v v v yG c(v v v v zv v v v S
vvvvv R
471 :KF9qZyG
200 :?s9sQyG
234 :,F9*R+qyG c(zTyG
47 :,JF9qZyG
21 :,w+!9w+}yG c(zTyG
Qv v v v i
OG(v v}v vzv vy
&+F( @ ?* hGR
?
* (
? 9s y G
* hGR
L 9FR
67 :j(WyG
,vvwvv+vv!9vvwvv+vv}vvyG c(vvzvvTvvyG
311 :?+t=_
vvvvv
,v vwv v+v v!9v vwv v+v v}v vyG c(v vzv vTv vyG
50 :,I9"}yG
39 :?!9A}yG v v v
,v v wv v +v v !9v v wv v +v v }v v yG c(v v zv v Tv v yG
51 :,I9"}yG ?zC9}A|
,y9 f e (+" }y} G x F 9 =S
37 :ehQwyG v v v
,vwv +v !9vwv+v}vyG c(vzvTvyG

}v|
x F 9= TyG
+"
{w y G x F9 =S
638 :e(+A+y v v v e(+"}yC
?w =S
e( +"}y }G
?w =S
40 :?!9A}yG
513 ,46 ,24
# |R
vvvvv
44 :?+S9J"yG
OG(v v }v v zv v y
:?v =v vQv }v yG OG(v }v zv y
* hGR
40 :,JF9qZyG L9FRyG
22 :?=vQ}yG OG(}yG c(zS
?v v v vC;v vC
161 ,160 :fGQhOyG
54 :fOzyG v v v fQ}yG c(zTyG
e9v vgv vyG
vvvvv
145 :r+zyG v v v a9qAyG
68 :H"@GQyG c(zS
J 9 s9 sQ
,56 :a9v v v+v v vy}9v v v< IG(v v vtv v v}v v vyG J9v v vs9v v vsQv v vyG
508 ,316 :.j ,,wTp9AS
?v vJv v v vqv vZv vy
?t=T |
? y9f
633 ,631 : IO |9 gA }yG ?w= WyG
,vwv+v!9vwv+v}vyG
,120 : jhQvv9v}vy G
(J }yG
(vzvTvyG
514
271 ,246 : .S , f9 }w QAV
171 : Q
,vwv+v!9vwv+v}vyG
,215 : jhQvwv v}vyG
j O9 I C O V
(vzvTvyG
514
33 : r zyG OV
435 : .d
+ "*O
"
93 ,91 :U w |9
dGQ F ?vQV
(p
?vQV
#@Q9 | O+ %v( y
?vQV
187 :JQ9
20 : ~
+!
,570 : j
: L9v gv =v : G {v F9v Tvv|
q q
,v p ?v *Ov Jv yG
?vQV
,580
$:G
: RGRvvAvv
{vvF9vvTv |
,v p ?v *Ov JvvyG
* ( z=yG
,578
q
,24 :?v =v v Qv }v yG
302 : .vvvv
,576
.J
,573
,572
JGQh Qv v S
.L
533 :.c
,Wy G(
vvvvv
*( V
( WyG
70 :cQA W}y G j
( WyG
.L
&+S
vvvvv
.S
,Uvvvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvvvv|9vvvvvvvvvvvvV
477 ,253
,252 ,237 : .S
+ (W f
251 :? SGOS ? FG
J9 w = V
q
251 : ?g<Q| ? FG
J9 w = V
+ (W f
56 :b 9 WyG
.E
* "+
, Hvvvvv vvvvvwvvvvv Ovvvvv vvvvv vvvvvS

253 ,252
,J O }V
533 :.H
,"+p GQ+S
571
, cQ
*( TyG
J GQ g WyG
)v"v=vyG hv+v"vZv@
,237 ,208 : .H
144 ,66 : )
O}J | ,{
+ (y
( yO*( S
~vvvv vvvv}vvvvZvvvvAvvvvyG IQhQvvvv vvvvS
607 :.e { | ,R@Q9 qV
662 :f9 S
Wh QvvWvvyG
452
52 ,35 ,34 :? Q
(vvvv+vvvv"vvvv=vvvvyG
.L
,E }S
697 ,638 ,593 ,591 ,587
W hQv WvvyG
450
q q
+ $GQ<E #<
533 :.J
103
(!
$ f (F
533 :.d
,100 : S;vvvvvih O {vvvvv vvvvv h Ovvvvvv9vvvvv| ?vvvvvvQvvvvvV
105 :f9 |hQi Hh QC Q
390 ,321 ,320
91 :
, w T p ( v G Q+ z S
90 :U GQ Ry hQ ?vQV
115 : OQ
,317 ,316 : ?v vtv=vavy G ?vJv vqvZvyG ?vv9v}vS
@ 9 | O + % v ( y ? v Q V 9] * Q d !
# Q
.Q
#+V
250 :?J QA }yG ?w= WyG
}v}
,351 : IQvvc9vv"vvAvv|;vvyG ?vv+vvtvv=vvavvyG KvvF9vvqvvZvvyG
vvvvv
vvvvv
703 ,551 ,502 ,501

472 : Q* O9t}y G JGP KF9qZ yG
JGP I Qvvvvc9vvvv"vvvvAvvvv|;vvvvy G ?vvvv+vvvvtvvvv=vvvvavvvvyG KvvvvF9vvvvqvvvvZvvvvyG
,25 : )laminate( ?vvvv+vvvvtvvvv=vvvvavvvvyG KvvvvF9vvvvqvvvvZvvvvyG
,v I9v "v }v yG ?v +v C ;v C IOOv gv Av }v yG J9v tv =v av yG
,311
352 :?|9 f
,163
,75
,73
,55
,53
331 ,314
,335 : IQvvvc 9vvv"vvvAvvv}vvvy G ?vvv+vvvtvvv=vvvavvvyG KvvvF9vvvqvvvZvvvyG
S9vvvvvvS }G JGP ?vvvvvv+vvvvvvtvvvvvv=vvvvvvavvvvvvyG KvvvvvvF9vvvvvvqvvvvvvZvvvvvvyG
473 ,336
41 : ,w +AS ;=yG
JGP I Qvvvvc9vvvv"vvvvAvvvv}vvvvyG ?vvvv+vvvvtvvvv=vvvvavvvvyG KvvvvF9vvvvqvvvvZvvvvyG
&vv +vv=vvWvvyG >vv zvvtvvyG JG P ?vv +vvtvv=vv avvyG KvvF9vvqvvZvvyG
341 :,I9 "} yG ?+ C;C J9s 9s QyG
641 :{ Tgy G UQt<

?vvvvvzvvvvvC9vvvvv}vvvvvAvvvvv| &vvvvv=vvvvvV ?vvvvv+vvvvvtvvvvv=vvvvvavvvvvyG KvvvvvF9vvvvvqvvvvvZvvvvvyG
,473 ,455 ,453 :?vzvF9v| J9vs 9vsQ
353 :, I9" }yG
502 ,492 ,476
355 : ?!RG(A} yG ?+t=a yG KF9qZ yG

,340 ,336 : ?vvvv=vvvvy 9vvvvZvvvvAvvvv| J9vvvvs 9vvvvsQ
: Qvvvc 9vvv"vvvAvvvyG ?vvvTvvvv9vvvgvvv| ?vvv+vvvtvvv=vvvavvvyG KvvvF9vvvqvvvZvvvyG
686 ,535 ,500 ,426 ,403
703 ,473 ,346
JGP Qv c9v "v Av yG ?v Tv v9v gv | ?v +v tv =v av yG Kv F9v qv Zv yG
360 :?vvY9vvMvvy G ?vv=vvy9vvZvvAvv}vvyG J9vvs 9vvsQ
: ,vvI9vv"vv}vvyG ?vvzvvC 9vv}vvAvv| Qvv+vvi J9vvs 9vvs QvvyG
370 ,368 ,364 vvvvv
347
?vvvvvzvvvvvC9vvvvv}vvvvvAvvvvv| Qvvvvv+vvvvvi IOOvvvvvgvvvvvAvvvvv| J9vvvvvtvvvvv=vvvvv_
,350 ,349 : ?vvvvzvvvvF9vvvv}vvvvyG J9vvvvs 9vvvvsQvvvvyG
345 :, I9" }yG
,496
,485
,473
,466
,453
508
?vvv+vvvC;vvvC OG(vvv| #vvv | IOOvvvgvvvAvvv| J9vvvtvvv=vvv_
,340 ,339 : ?vvvvY9vvvvMvvvvyG ,vvvvI 9vvvv"vvvv}vvvvyG
,349 ,348 : ?v =v y9v Zv Av }v yG J9v s 9v s Qv yG
501 ,473 ,453 ,437 ,436
,473
,467
,463
,461
,453
,506
,493
,486
,482
,478
556
?vvv+vvvC;vvvC OG(vvv| #vvv | IOOvvvgvvvAvvv| J9vvvtvvv=vvv_

342 : ?|9g yG , I9" }yG
332 : ?}d A"}y G Q+i ?+t=a yG KF9qZ yG
}v~
J9vvvtvvv=vvvavvvy G I OOvvvgvvvAvvv| ?vvv+vvvtvvv=vvvavvvyG ?vvvJvvv+vvvqvvvZvvvyG
470 ,453 : O9 "A S: G ?a +T<
?vvzvvC9vv}vvAvv| OG(vv| #vv| IOOvvgvvAvv| J9vvtvv=vv_

337 :, I9" }yG
J9vvvtvvv=vvvavvvy G I OOvvvgvvvAvvv| ?vvv+vvvtvvv=vvvavvvyG ?vvvJvvv+vvvqvvvZvvvyG

,454 : ?vvvvY 9vvvvL ,vvvvI9vvvv"vvvv}vvvvyG ?vvvv+vvvvC;vvvvC
332 :?}d A"} yG ?+t=a yG KF9qZ yG
490 ,473 ,456

JGP ?vvvv}vvvvdvvvvAvvvv"vvvv}vvvvyG ?vvvv+vvvvtvvvv=vvvvavvvvyG KvvvvF9vvvvqvvvvZvvvvyG
602 : IO9 }yG ?<;Y
,343 : ?vvv* hGRvvv< ?vvvzvvvF9vvv}vvvyG J9vvvs9vvvsQvvvyG

503
634 :f GQ+ay G ?f 9 "Y
JGP ?vvvv}vvvvdvvvvAvvvv"vvvv}vvvvyG ?vvvv+vvvvtvvvv=vvvvavvvvyG KvvvvF9vvvvqvvvvZvvvvyG
613 :J9 |9 f OyG h"Y
,371 : ?vvY 9vvMvvyG ?vvzvvF9vv}vvyG J9vvs9vvs QvvyG

vvvvv
vvvvv
437 ,409 ,403 ,376 ,374
652 :?s 9a yG
355 :?" +G% yG ?+t=a yG KF9qZ yG
243 : d9 gq!: G ?s9 _
?vvvvzvvvv+vvvvavvvvAvvvvTvvvv| J9vvvvtvvvv=vvvvavvvvyG IOOvvvvgvvvvAvvvv| KvvvvF9vvvvqvvvvY

504 :?=y 9Z A| J9 s9 s Q JGP {w WyG
,vvvvI9vvvv"vvvv}vvvvyG ?vvvv+vvvvC ;vvvvC IOQvvvvqvvvv"vvvv}vvvvyG ?vvvvtvvvv=vvvvavvvvyG

334 ,333 :?Y 9 MyG
?vvvqvvvy9vvvMvvvAvvv| ,vvvI9vvv"vvv}vvvyG ?vvvzvvvC9vvv}vvvAvvv| KvvvF9vvvqvvvY

458 :Qc 9" AyG
: ?v|9vgvy G ,vI9v"v}vyG ?v+vC;vC I OQvqv"v}vyG ?vtv=vavyG

334
445 ,438 : ?z+a AT} yG KF9qZ yG
: ,vI9v"v}vyG ?vzvC9v}vAv| Qv+vi I OQvqv"v}vyG ?vtv=vavyG
379 : ?+!Og} yG KF9qZ yG
335
75 :g 9 G@: G ?* O9IC ?+t=a yG ?J+qZ yG
332 :,I9 "}y G ?z C9} A| I OQq"}yG ?t=a yG
315 :? +F9W !
G ?+t=a yG ?J+qZ yG
248 :,qZ "yG H(zt} yG ? t*Q_
#vvv+vvvAvvvtvvv=vvv_ JGP ?vvvavvv+vvvTvvv< ?vvv+vvvtvvv=vvv_ ?vvvJvvv+vvvqvvvY

287 : L9 g=!;y ,F( }yG d(a yG
vvvvv
312 :#+A =y9 ZA|
314 :?t=a yG ?+F9 "C ?+t=a yG ?J+qZ yG
vvvvv
,vvvI9vvv"vvv}vvvyG ?vvvzvvvC9vvv}vvvAvvv| ?vvv+vvvtvvv=vvvavvvyG ?vvvJvvv+vvvqvvvZvvvyG
423 : ?+F( ]yG HGO$} G I Q$9 c
74 :Q( J}yG ?+F9 "C

vvvvv
vvvvv
: J9vvtvv=vvavvyG IOOvvgvvAvv| ?vv+vvtvv=vvavvyG ?vvJvv+vvqvvZvvyG

435 :J9 t=a yG IOOg A| J9 \Q9 gyG
569 ,539 ,436 ,435 ,314
}wu
44 :
{F9 TyG O+= zAyG ?+z} f

525 :
581 ,576 : j( +"
Q T wyG ?+z} f
62 :
= yG ~ +} ZAy G Q Y 9" f
250 ,235 ,220 : ,
49 :,
9 | }G {| G( f
9 R ! :G
?p( qZ}y G A9 tA! G {| G( f
vvvvv
vvvvv O %
9gq
9 F
,145
,210
,194
,298
,437
vvvvv
140
G J
9s;f
9 s;vvvvvf
,124 : d vvvvv vvvvv vvvvv!G vvvvv O vvvvv%vvvvv

,148
QJyG dRgyG
I 9"} yG {C9 }@ eO f
9 F
419 :M *
9G AyG {| 9 f
H" @GQyG ?"+G f
31 : jQG
}G JyG QZ" gyG
591 :f
605 ,604 :
276 ,273 :Qh
G J vvvvv
,128
,126
,170
,169
,150
,243
,242
,239
,226
,417
,320
,315
,299
vvvvv
559 ,71 : B+p GQjyG
77 : ?!9A }yG ,y9 f B+p GQjyG

731 ,542 ,514
522 ,302 :. H
.d
, c( WA* Qi
? s9vvvsQvvvzvvvy d9vvvgvvvqvvv!G
9 F
vvvvv O vvv%vvv
: vvv
525 :. C
.C
,E+q* Q i
54 ,25
Qv+vi
23 :9 |Q(! , #*Q( i
}vzvy d9vgvqv!G
OG(v
645 : .e , O!:( i
292 : .e
.L
9 F
vvvvv O v %v
120 : ,
9 s;vf
G J v
I9" }yG ? zC9 }A|

? Q}yG ~zf
,Q + i
249 : !h
= y hvvvvv+vvvvv"vvvvvZvvvvvAvvvvv< L9vvvvvAvvvvv!
)vvvvv"vvvvv vvvvv G
vvvvv
9 s;vvvf
G J vvv
vvvvv
9 z }vvvvvf
G J vvvvv+vvvvv vvvvv
q
83 :
435 : .a jQ+y9 p , r+ z+S9 p
?=v Q}yG
u D= y9< {+ wWA yG
J +
h+ " ZA y G
J +
9Z Ay: G h b < Q yG
J +
65 :
: IO9v }v zv y )jhQv v 9v }vvyG ( ,v !9v +vvgv yG [v Jv qv yG
66 :
9 z} f
9 z} f
29
82 : b
59 :)laying( TQqyG
58 :
,440 ,319 ,318 :a(vvVQvv+vvv ?vv+vv\Qvvp
u=T} yG Y9 =V
110 :
539 ,537 ,441
431 :J9 t=ay G { Zp
64 :J
531 :.e OQGh OE , (p
?+z} f
{* PyG L9A ! E ? +z} f
9 p9 qzyG {+w W@ ?+ z} f
551 :
}wv
9 z} f
O* Q=AyG ?+z} f
61 v v v 59 :)molding(
?=y( tyG
716 :jQ"$ ,OQ(p
H"@ GQyG ?=y( s
41 :9w+|Q(qyG
21 :[F9ZMzy ?+<QGAyG J9S9+tyG
521 ,34 :,F9W! G P:(qyG
105 :d9tA!:9<
vvvvv
72 :?!9A}yG
~+ s
71 :?!9A}yG ,y9f P:(qyG
72 :IA9TGyG
~+ s
92 :bQq a}yG P:(qyG
81 :HA"}yG
?}+ s
435 :.Q .L ,f(T"+p
438 :O(+tyG
37 :J:("+qyG
vvvvv
vvvvv
q
:?v =v vQv }v yG OG(v }v yG #v | Y(v "vZv}v yG
Kv <9v wv yG
266
..
533 : E H ,,wT"|9v
65 :uD=yG
27 :,@Q9| ,{w!9v
>y9 s
133 :)Betti( ,A+< f(!9s
:a9v v+v vy}G Ov v+v v]v v"v vAv vy ?v v+v v}v vdv vf}G ?v vp9v vDv vwv vyG
699 :,pQ(| f(!9s
285
122 ,120 :c($ f(!9s
533 ,26 :S9|(@ ,ShQv
42 :JGQ+WtyG
bWw yG
44 :e(+"}y}G JGQ+Ws
652 :?qzwyG
43 :L9FRyG JGQ+Ws
,108 ,85 ,79 :e9v vMv vyG IO9v v}v vyG ?v vqv vzv vv
44 :?+!Og| JGQ+Ws
616
82 :?z|9gyG
vvvvv
,258 ,234 ,224 :bv +v y9v Mv }v yG IOv f9v s
99
99 :,F9+}+wyG
120 :b+T=yG
O +yG ?qzv
533 : J JQ<Q+$ ,#+@Q(v
[tyG
278 :?p9ZtyG
. .
533 :.L .v v$ ,X+!(v
207 : h H ,d(v
33 :fGQatyG
724 :J9p(qZ}yG
> zs
431 :?p9JyG JG(T"zs
278 :C ,,z+v
}ww
:J9v =v +v =v Jv yG ?v av SG(v < IG(v tv | ?v =v vQv | IO9v |
vvvvv
276 ,236
38 :?+!(<QwyG
..
,320 ,152 ,132 :)v zv qv Tv yG ?v tv I;v yG
669 : C d ,SQ+y(v c9|
442
. .
477 : a L ,dO!9|
132 :9+zgyG
i(v v Av v Jv v }v v zv v y &v v zv v yG Ov v =v v f
xvv zvv }vv yG IQO9vv =vv |

20 ,19 :,<QgyG
44 :OQ9=yG Q*OZtyG e9Jy

622 :,at"yG e9JzyG
33 :?p9DwyG )yE ?!9A}yG
59 :)winding(
38 :AGQA$:G ?!9A|
r zyG
58 :?p9qzyG
38 :{v5AyG ?!9A|
457 :jQ"$ ,Q9j!:
? s 9s Q yG ? ! 9A|
607 :LQ(F ,#<(y
286 ,285 ,278 ,277 :OWyG ?!9A|
. .
520 ,152 : L S ,,wTA+"M+y
K F 9q Z yG ? ! 9A|
. .
509 ,462 : h C ,9T+y
J9v s9v sQv yG JGP ?v +v tv =v av yG
Kv F9v qv Zv yG ?v !9v Av |
391 :?=y9ZA}yG
. .
136 : e H ,Q+*Q=}+y
277 :bj]yG ?!9A|

287 :r+zyG g9G@G ,p
?tI;yG
302 :.Q f(F ,Qi:
651 ,200 :?!9A}yG
383 ,379 :?+t=ayG
vvvvv
304 :.C JQ<hQ ,Q(@:
? p( q Z} yG I O 9|
165 :,I9"}yG ?+C;C
vvvvv
vvvvv
b j] yG ? ! 9A|
521 ,107 :e(+"}y}G IO9|
164 :?+!9\QgyG ?!9A}yG
,134 ,125 :,v v I9v v "v v }v v yG ?v v +v v C;v v C IO9v v |
166 :OWyG
B J @ ? + ! 9\ Q gy G ? ! 9A }yG
166 :bj]yG
B J @ ? + ! 9\ Q gyG ? ! 9A }yG
624 :?|9fOzy
142
124 :{+}yG ?+C;C IO9|
62 :?8y9}yG IO9}yG
{A q yG ? ! 9A|
29 :?=vQ}yG IO9}yG
,182 ,176 ,167 :[v v v v tv v v v yG ?v v v v !9v v v v Av v v v |
268 ,235 :QDg=Ay9< IG(t|
194 ,192
}wx
? =vQ | I O 9|
249 : d
9 gq!: G
9 = v Q|
284 :
? p( q Z} yG Q T v ? ! 9A|
62 :
K F 9 q Z y G ? = y ( s > v Q|
285 :
? Q}yG
55 :
312 : #+
#+
A\ Q9 gyG ?yzT|
AtZA z}yG
#+
A\ Q9 gyG ?yzT|
127 ,124 :
Qc9 "A yG
9 F
92 : O %
43 : e( +"
rvvvvvvv+vvvvvvvzvvvvvvvyG
#vvvvvvv+vvvvvvv
QJyG
Oz AyG
719 ,35 :)
508 :
j(
192 ,164 : *Q(
166 :
AT|
166 :
9 AT|
b(
IO v
283 ,279 ,217
G J *(
}y }G
9 }vyG ?v!9vAv|
I G(v v
J }yG ? ! 9A }yG
OW yG B J@ ? *Q (J }yG ? ! 9A }yG
b j] yG B J@ ? *Q (J }yG ? ! 9A }yG
9 TvvvvvGvvvvvyGh ?vvvvv!9vvvvvAvvvvv}vvvvvyG
,71 ,59 ,56 : IA vvvvv
JT|
,601
,337
,91
,78
,74
,72
642
< ?vvvvvvvy(vvvvvvv}vvvvvvvJvvvvvvvyG ?vvvvvvvvQ9vvvvvvvWvvvvvvv|

224 :
69 : jQG
t }vyG ?v=vvQv}vyG
: a v+v } v
?FRzy G ?!h Q}yG
AF hO R}yG
312 :#+
9 y 9<
426 : !h
r+ zyG ? ! 9A|
?p( qZ}y Gh
JG P J
Matrix
488 ,191 :J
9p( q Z|
? = GvyG
,462 ,291 : v+v v+v
467
Q JvvvyG >vvvzvvvZvvvAvvvyG
: jQG vvv
650 :
u< 9 aAy G ?p( qZ|
JGP
,609 ,608 : f(vvvvv
~+}Z AyG
249 :
? w+A S;< ?+G"@ GQ ?p( qZ|
43 : +
y9vvvvv}vvvvvGvvvvvyG ?vvvvvf(vvvvv}vvvvvGvvvvv|
? = zZy G e 9T F} G
?v Jvv+v qvvZv yG
,v
Rgy
9T =AJ }yG
t y ?vvzv ZvvJvv|
e h v vv Gh i(vv vv G
QA*h Q ?p( qZ|
t = avvvvvvvvvyG
,334 ,322 ,321 : vvvvvvvvv+vvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvv

,436
9 TvGvyG ?vp(vqvZv|
,133 ,123 ,122 :I A v
,358
,350
,338
,336
442
134
? yRvvvAvvvMvvv}vvvyG
,149 : vvv
z g z y Rvvvv*RvvvvgvvvvyG Ovvvv=vvvvf xvvvvzvvvv}vvvvyG ?vvvv"vvvv*Ovvvv|
9 TvvvGvvvyG ?vvvp(vvvqvvvZvvv|
e (vvvv vvvv vvvv vvvv
I A vvv
? tAy Gh
20 ,19 : +"
508
134 vvvvv 132 ,123 :
9 F
?f h9 a}y G ?p( qZ|
249 ,120 :O %
O I(y G ?p( qZ|
249 :M *
721 : I
9= zaA|
616 ,615 ,613
?vvvp(vvvqvvvZvvv}vvvyG
67
150 ,148 :
p ?vzvTvzvTvAv|
? p(qZ }yG
?yRA M}yG A9 "J! : G ?p( qZ|

721 :
&v+v* Q(v
9 JFGQA }yG
G J
9 R! : G
}wy
9 = v Q|
q
9 = v Q|
,153 ,152 :a(vvv
TvvvAvvv"vvv+vvvWvvv@
;vvv|9vvvgvvv|
109 :f
9@ hQ
158
61 :
325 :
?y9 aAS :G
9 Jvvvvv!G
Qs
vvvvv A vvvvv"vvvvv
fG vvvvv
h+"Z AyG
9T GyG
IA
9 TvvvvvF
G IA vvvvv
9 _ 9a }yG
36 :J +
; | 9g|
OgA| KvF9vqvZvyG
767 ,448 :J
;vvvvv|9vvvvvgvvvvv|
? y9vvvvvvvvvavvvvvvvvvAvvvvvvvvvSG
,341
,339
,335
,454
,450
,448
,437
,436
,478
,476
,468
,465
,464
,496
,492
,489
,487
,482
,701
,699
,629
,502
,498
768 ,451 :J
? } c9v "v yG ?v +v zv \9v qv Av yG
,486 : v v
O g A | KvF9vqvZvyG
IA
9 TF
; | 9g|
[tyG
IA
9 TF
; | 9g|
9T GyG
; | 9g|
167 :
358 :
?< (T J}yG
? yRv vAv vMv v}v vyG
,160 : v v
IA
9 Tv vGv vyG
IA v v
757 ,442 :J
? \Q9vvgvvyG
A y ?v }v c9v "v yG
f RG(v v
?S9 t}yG
? 9A}y
IA
9T GyG
9 TvvvvGvvvvyG
,32 : vvvv! vvvv vvvv vvvv Gh IA vvvv
9 t=a yG
9 Tvvvvvv@
,218 :j vvvvvv
,265
,259
vvvvv
= y9vvvvvv$
vvvvv #vvvvvv+vvvvvv vvvvvv
:O9vvgv }v yG
257
,238
:O9vvvvvvgvvvvvv|
,221
267
;v v|9v vgv v|
:O9v gv }v yG
753
316
358 :
,v p fRG(v Av yG J:O9v gv |
IO v v v
: vv
9 J!: G
9 t=a yG
514 ,497 ,494
702
325 :A "
9 t=a yG
,vp RGRvAv$:G J:O9vgv|
OgA| KvF9vqvZvyG
IO v v v
,329 ,326 ,325 : vvvvvvvvv

,356
,vp L 9vgv=v!:G J:O9vgv|
IO v v v
; | 9g|
,384
Q 9 _ h "Z|
JG F
40 :
; | 9g|
253 :,!
;vvvv|9vvvvgvvvv|
r +zjA yG
fO
9g|
9 \Q g yG { | 9g }yG
233 ,231 ,131 ,50 :
[t y G { | 9 g |
311 ,215 ,183 ,169 ,134

258 ,256 :
? fh9vav }v yGh
,123 : v
9 TvGvyG
IA v
;v|9vgv|
258 :
217 ,210 ,206 ,130
? = vQvvvv}vvvvyG
: vvvv vvvv
}y
9 TvvvvF
OG(vvvv vvvv G IA vvvv
;vvvv|9vvvvgvvvv|
258 :
314 ,171
,vvvvvI9vvvvv"vvvvv}vvvvvyG
?vvvvvzvvvvvC9vvvvv}vvvvvAvvvvv| Qvvvvv+vvvvvi
;vvvvv|9vvvvvgvvvvv|
,240
? C ; C ? s 9 s Qy ? * Q $ 9d y G
? Q}yG
? =vQ}y G
IO
,233
9}y G { | 9g|
u pG ( }yG ? p( q Z}y G { | 9g|
,158 ,131 vvvvv 129 ,49 :

,231
kv!(v* {v|9vgv|
,225
,224
709 ,247 ,245
154 : +
217 : !h
u pG (} yG r+zy G { | 9g|
; | 9g|
? y 9 =A yG QC zAyG
152 : + O
}wz
; | 9g|
417
, 253
237
254
, 25
: IA
? ! Q }y ? < 9t |
h
vvvvv
9 TGz y ? ! Q }y ? < 9t |
h
?* Q d"y
} d f}
vvvvv
vvvvv
199
9%F
vvvvv
,1 9 5
vvvvv
vvvvv
193
9qL
vvvvv
vvvvv
, 191
9+g|
vvvvv
vvvvv
vvvvv
,189
9 +"J "}y ? < 9t |
, } d f}
vv
vv
vv
[ty
vv
vv
9%F
vv
vv
9qL
vv
vv
9+g|
vv
vv
vv
188
,2 2 5
,2 5
:O G
(}y
vvv
vvv
x + !9 w + | ? < 9 t |
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
245
, 237
vvvv
} d f}
vvvv
vvvv
9 g q !:
vvvv
199
29
:)jh
Q v 9}y
, !9 + g y
G(
9+ t }y
, 30
336
36
:j h
,6 9
:d
9gq
vvvvv
vvvvv
vvvvv
# L9T y
vvvvv
?w+ =Ty
? *Of 9t y
vvvvv
vvvvv
vvvvv
,3 9 1
vvvv
131
:d
9 gq!
, 186
vvvvv
vvvv
9qL
vvvv
vvvv
, 193
9T@
vvvv
vvvv
, 200
vvvv
vvvv
, 199
,1 9
395
188
:AG
188
J"|
vvvvv
vvvvv
9 gq!
) "J"|
? !9 A } y
9T@
vvv
vvv
)Q
vvv
?s9 s Q y
( Ay:
vvv
vvv
?+ 9 W!
F
vvvvv
200
vvv
vvv
, 204
,1 8 9
:f
(+" }y}
:e
vvv
vvv
vvv
OG
( }y
vvvvv
vvvvv
,2 9 1
( +!9 A+Ay
:P
: (qy
vvv
QG
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
:L
~ +} ZAy
:Q
(J} y
? + 9" C
F
9qL
9qL
9qL
vvv
vvv
vvvv
vvvv
9 +g|
9 +g|
9 +g|
9+g|
vvv
vvv
vvv
:h h
9qL
vvv
vvv
9+g|
vvv
vvv
vvv
,202
9 g=!:
:b
9 +g|
9q L Q +* 9g|
E
9qL
9qL
:b
Q +* 9g|
9+ ag|
JGP
9qL
9 qzj|
vvvvv
164
9* QI >zZA}y b< Qy
vvvv
9+g|
186
32
9qL
,189
9 } p( $
186
32
204
:e
vvvv
,650
(p
Q @( |
, 206
? s 9_
U* R+|
(T"@
649
32
vvvv
) "J"|
vvvv
,180
? } F Q A z y ? + <Q g y ? } d" } y
32
9+g|
,196
676
299
20
,189
9qL
650
300
( w|
vvvvv
, 195
vvvvv
,2 0 1
9 !( w|
vvvvv
{+$
207
279
9 !( w|
) "
9+ t }y
U=w }y
255
,1 3 1
Q w+} y
QG "y9 W@ 9 ]qy
239
,1 8 9
232
vvvv
vvvv
,231
OG
? ! 9A} y ~+ $9q |
G
(|
vvv
240
OW y Q * 9t |
G
607
9* QI
vvvv
QG
vvvv
OzA}y b< Qy
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
vvvv
JGP
607
OG
vvvv
526
658
, 70
}w{
:A
E + q *Q i ? < 9t |
9+} gy
(ty
? < 9t |
Q
+ }G
?v gv Av }v Av }v yG a9v v y
q
JGP ?v =v vQv }v y G OG
(v }vvyG
,129 ,49 :
71 : ? 9A |h I A9 TG<
q
45 : ?
+ + ( =yG
605 :jQ } y
: L9vF RvyG JGQv vWvs JGP ?v=vvQv}vy G OG
OG
(vvvv}vvvvyG
328 ,141 ,136 ,132
bvvvvvvvvvv<GQvvvvvvvvvvyG JGP ?vvvvvvvvvv=vvvvvvvvvvvQvvvvvvvvvv}vvvvvvvvvvy G OG vvvvvvvvvv}vvvvvvvvvvyG
,vvvvI9vvvv"vvvv}vvvvyG ?vvvv+vvvvC;vvvvC
,50 :
+!Og }yG ?+w +| GQ+Ty G
,vvvI9vvv"vvv}vvvyG
(v}vyG
OG
?vvvzvvvC 9vvv}vvvAvvv| Qvvv vvvi OG vvv}vvvyG

158 ,140 ,124
43
266 : ?T 9 GA}y G OG
q
: Qv v v vjv vZv vyG Qv vav vtv vyG JGP ?v v=v vvQv v}v vyG OG
( }yG
(vv}vvyG
,135 ,49 :
,vvI9vv"vv}vvyG
( }yG
?vvzvvC9vv}vvAvv| OG vv}vvyG
704
328 ,158 ,140
q
: ^vv QvvgvvyG QvvavvtvvyG JGP ?vv=vvvQvv}vvyG OG
(vv}vvyG
+ +
,42 ,31 :?vvv vvv=vvv vvv=vvvJvvvy G ?vvv=vvvv Qvvv}vvvyG OG
(vvv}vvvyG
704
269
q
?vvvvvvp vvvvvvqvvvvvvZvvvvvv}vvvvvvyG JGP ?vvvvvv=vvvvvvvQvvvvvv}vvvvvvyG OG vvvvvv}vvvvvvyG

k
,vp ?v+v!Ovgv|;vyG ?v+v=v+v=vJvyG
70 : 9 QGQI ? OzA }yG
42 : ?
31 : ? J F9 qZ yG ?=vQ}y G OG
38 : ? t= ayG ? J F9 qZ yG ?=vQ}y G OG
IG
(vvvtvvv}vvvyG ?vvv+vvvJvvvF9vvvqvvvZvvvyG
( }yG
45 :?
+ }9vvvvvvv<
vvvvv 70 ,59 vvvvv 57 ,52 :a 9vvvvvvv vvvvvvvy
43 : ?
246 ,89 ,78 ,72
IG
(vvvvvtvvvvv}vvvvvyG
?vvvvv vvvvvtvvvvv=vvvvvavvvvvyG ?vvvvv=vvvvvvQvvvvv}vvvvvy G OG vvvvv}vvvvvyG
44 :?
+ }9vvv<
,157 ,119 ,46 ,29 : a9vvv vvvy
vvvvv S 9vvvvvvvvS
276 ,271
116 : JG A9W
: ?v v<Qv Jv yG JGQv F9v av yG
,p
,vp
103 :Q
+*Q9$ AV-8B k"*(<

105 :
B-2
?p
( qZ|
?vv=vvvQvv}vvy G OG vv}vvyG
?p
( qZ|
?vv=vvvQvv}vvy G OG vv}vvyG
+!O g|
?p
( qZ|
q
JGP ?vvvvvvvv=vvvvvvvvvQvvvvvvvv}vvvvvvvvyG OG
vvvvv S 9vvvvvvvvS
}G
(vvvvvvvv}vvvvvvvvyG
}G
q
JGP ?vvvvvvvv=vvvvvvvvvQvvvvvvvv}vvvvvvvvyG OG
?v =v vQv}v yG OG v}v yG
F-18 k"*(<
( }yG
(vvvvvvvv}vvvvvvvvyG
45 :jO <Qw yG
94
100 :
45 :j O T vh
q
?=vQ}y G OG
q
}G
( qZ|
?v =v vQv }v yG OG v }v yG
+!Og|:
,vvp ?vv+vv!Ovvgvv}vvyG ?vv+vv=vv+vv=vvJvvyG
?p
+!O g|
,vvp ?vv+vv!Ovvgvv}vvyG ?vv+vv=vv+vv=vvJvvyG
?vvv=vvvvQvvv}vvvyG OG vvv}vvvyG
+!Og|:
,vp ?v+v!Ovgv|;vyG ?v+v=v+v=vJvyG
( }yG
?v =v vQv }v yG OG v }v yG
:e
(v+vzv*Qv+v=vyG
a 9v v yC JGP ?v =vv Qv }vyG OG
I Q F 9_ v v v v v
(v}vyG
76
I Q F 9_ v v v v v
+ }G
a9vvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvy
q
JG P ?vvvvvvvvv=vvvvvvvvvvQvvvvvvvvv}vvvvvvvvvy G OG
K =Wy G I Q F 9_ v v v v v
(vvvvvvvvv}vvvvvvvvvyG
43 : ? F9 FRyG
}w|
Qzy ?Z A}}y
q
105
19
:Q GO G
725
726
,2 7
OG
( }y
, < Q g y , |( t y Q } @ | } y
: )2 0 0 7 (
,1 8 0
, 719
:J G
? +@ 9w *Oy
Q
Oy 9$
vvvvvv
hQ
vvvvvv
JG
,f
Q@( }y
Q@( }y
104
X-29A 9| Qi Q 9_
f
94
97
105
9i (|
vvvvvv
vvvvvv
vv
vv
vv
:Jh
vvvvv
9 p Q 9_
I
vvvvv
S-3A O+%v(y Q 9_
I
vvvvv
F-22 #@ 9| O+%v(y Q 9_
? + !O } y
vv
Q 9 a y , p ? = vQ } y
vvvvv
JG
vvF
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
OG
(}y
vv
vv
106
561
31
,500
?* QJy ?+ zY( }y
QG
? =vQ}y
q
30
,5 2 5
,5 2 4
, 25
OG
110
( }y R+|
G
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
109
Q+F9 *( p 9 @
f
hQ
vvv
vvv
Q 9_
F
106
L -1011 O+%v(y Q 9_
I
9 <Q g y , p ? = v Q } y
q
,2 5
:)
, !9 + g y
vv
vv
vv
vv
G(
jh
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
, 216
,119
,1 1 6
vvvvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
OG
(}y
vvv
vvv
114
? = z Z A } y ? p( q Z } y ? = vQ } y ( } y
9* QI
q
vvv
,2 2 3
:J
,530
Q v9 } y x + !9 w + } y
vv
vvvvv
vvv
,1 1 3
533
vvvvv
Q T w y x + !9 w + |
vvv
k "*( < Q 9_
:7 7 7
, 48
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
OG
vvv
vvv
70
307
QG
Q + g W y9 < ( t } y ? = vQ } y ( } y
?* (z =y
q
:)j
Q%G}y
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
G(
jh
Q w + } y x + !9 w + } y
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
JG
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
IG
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
53
,2 1 5
,1 1 6
, 48
,2 5
vvvvv
vvv
vvv
vvv
OG
,5 3 3
,2 2 1
, 219
,3 0 7
, 218
, 306
252
,216
, 267
, 32
,257
,4 5
704
, 703
23
?+q+ zy ?=vQ}y
q
,2 3 8
vvv
:Q G
,3 1
( _}
vv
O g A | ? = vQ } y
OG
IO
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
OG
( }y
(}y
vv
vv
,607
238
? = vQ } y
q
,5 1 5
,2 2 2
OG
( } y x + !9 w + |
v
719
29
:J GA
9 W!
9 + q + y ( t } y ? = vQ } y
q
IG
OG
( } y x + !9 w + |
v
Gh
,578
35
?=vQ}y
q
381
:J
?*O +Tv (=*
OG
9 p(qZ }y
?p(qZ }y
( }y
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
OG
(|
(|
435
238
?+ a}" y
OG
(}y x +! 9 w+|
66
66
vvvvv
,3 7
?+ w+| Q+T y ?p(qZ }y

G
vvvvv
66
207
?*Q+} +y( =y ?p(qZ }y
, | ( S9 ! 9* 9!
G
66
GQ
}w}
?+! (< Qw y ?p(qZ }y
?+! Og }y ?p(qZ }y
G
(|
(|
(|
(|
300 : fQ|;y G [tyG b}!
480 ,475 ,439 :?+ f9 =yG ?=T "yG
300 :fQ}y G [tyG b}!
,131 vvvvv 129 ,49 :f(vvvvvvvvSG(vvvvvvvv< ?vvvvvvvv=vvvvvvvvTvvvvvvvv!
: fQvvvvv}vvvvvyG ,vvvvvF(vvvvv]vvvvvyG O9vvvvv%vvvvvF: G L P(vvvvv}vvvvv!
,230
,229
,158
,152
,138
,257
,255
,244
,243
,231
288 ,287
426 ,354 ,301 ,269 ,268
: RvvvQvv}vvyG I OvvJvvAvv | J9vv!G(vvavvS }G LP(vv}vv!
139 : ?S( wg }yG f(S G(< ?=T!
247
24 : IA9 TG yG ?=T!
304 : fRhQ LP(}!
446 :O9 "AS: G e9 d!
k
251 :9 +z LGO uT A}yG LP(} "yG
,314 ,25 :?v * Ov +v zv tv Av y G Kv +v qv Zv Av y G ?v * Qv dv !
252 :U!9 |Q+$ LP(}!
,412
258 ,252 :{ +$ LP(}!
,358
,330
,326
,315
545 ,537 ,514 ,416 ,414
114 :?* P: (q yG ^<G( "yG
186 : ?!hO zyG ?*Qd!
q
114 : ?=vQ} yG ^<G( "yG
228 :?!h Q}yG ?*Qd!
635 : #*GQ< ,f( @(!
719 : J9p (qZ }yG ?*Qd!
36 : f(z+ "yG
222 : ?\Q9 gy G J9 *Qd!
vvvvv
vv
25 :?!9 A}y G J9 *Qd!

vvvvv
481 :A9 "J!G ?at!

539 : .L fhQ9 V ,O z+q@9 $
245 :a 9a g!G ?at!
23 : fB , {* OQ9 $
73 :,I9 "} yG { C9 }@ ?at!
275 ,271 ,246 :,p GR , #+V9 $
111 : ,@( qyG j(Gy G { t"yG
258 ,178 : .L
.j
, #+=y9 $
: ?vvvtvvvF9vvvqvvvyG ?vvvf QvvvTvvvyG jP ,vvv!Ovvv}vvvyG {vvvtvvv"vvvyG
533 : .H
.e
,# T !9 $
111
180 : k!( $ ,#$9 $
304 ,291 : ?y9 aA S:G b}!
26 : #+pQ9 | , E*h9 $
297 ,291 ,290 : L9g =!:G b}!
556 ,553 :.e {w* 9| ,Q*9 $
304 :[tyG b}!
}w~
572 :J
643 ,642 :
? + t = ay G K F9 q Z y G
645 ,643 : b
32 :
;Yh
250 : .Q
9 ZA y:G
;Yh
vvvvv
,i Q=yG
;Yh
vvvvv
;vvvY(vvvyG
vvvvv
647 ,643 :
9 ZvvvAvvvy:Gh ,vvviQvvv=vvvy9vvvvzvZvyG hvpGOvyG O(vs(vyG

,533 ,477 ,181 :
43
vvvvv
Uvvv9vv| ,Uvv<hOGh
669
26 :KQ
(p
, KQ h h
452 :
,182 ,179 : .e
Uvvvvvvv}vvvvvvv+vvvvvvvF ,,vvvvvvv"vvvvvvvAvvvvvvv*h
U} +F ,k ! Gh
652 :fR
,494
,489
,462
,435
,251
594 :j
550 ,542
}xu
( +"=y G
fR
( yG
( yG

P $UUD\
PQ &ROXPQV Q 5RZV
Q P Q
LWK L $LM >$@
>$@MWKM
> $@
$
$

#
$P

$ " $Q

$ " $ Q

#
#
$P " $PQ

>%@ >$@
$
LM

%LM
M Q
L P

Q

> $@
>$ $ " $Q @

Q &ROXPQ0DWUL[
$
$

> $@ ^$`
#

$Q
%UDFHV

76XSHUVFULSW7UDQVSRVH
$
$

#
$Q
$ " $P

$ " $ Q
7
>$@

#
#
$ Q " $PQ

$LL

$ LM
$ ML

>$@ >$@7

$

#
"
$ "

#
#
" $PQ

6FDODU

8QLW0DWUL[,GHQWLW\0DWUL[
"
"

>, @
# #
#
"
'HWHUPLQDQW

$
$
$ $ $ $
'
$

$

'
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

0L Q
'LWKQ
'
$ $ " $Q

$ $ " $Q
#
#
#
$Q $Q " $ QQ
$0 $0 " $Q0Q

Q

0LQ Q
L0L$L0LQRU

$L&RIDFWRU
L M 0 LM
D LM

'
$ LM D
LM
$ LM D
LM

,QGH[

NN

D
D D " DQ

D D " D Q

#
#
#
D Q D Q " D QQ

>%@ >$@
>&@
>%@>$@

& LM
$ LM % LM

F F $ $ % % $ % $ %

F F $ $ % % $ % $ %

&RPPXWDWLYH

> $@ >% @
>%@ >$@

$PRLRWLYH
>> $@ >% @@ >& @
>$@ >>%@ >& @@

>$@
>%@
& LM
$ LM % LM

>%@ >$@

V >$@
V>$@
V > $ @
$
V
$
$
$
V$
V$

V$
V$

>%@ >%@>$@
>$@>%@>$@
>%@>$@>%@ >$@
>%@ MWK >$@ LWK

>& @ >$@>%@ >$ % @

LN
NM

>$@N
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ %
$ %
$ %
$% $ % $ %

$ % $ % $ %

$% $ % $ %
&
&

&
P>$@Q>%@

S >%@ S >$@
Q
P >&@
>%@
>%@>$@ >$@>%@
>$@ >$@ >%@
>$@>%@>$@>%@>%@
>%@>$@ >%@>$@ >$@>%@
&RPPXWDWLYH>$@>%@

,QYHUVH
> $@

>D@7
$

$GMRLQW

> $@> $@

>$@ >$@ >@

>$@

6LQJXODU 0DWUL[ >$@

^< `
>$@^; `

^;`^<`
> $@ ^< `

>$@ >$@^; ` ^; `

&UDPHU
^<`
> $@^; `

>$@ +RPRJHQHRXV
>$@
>$@^` ^`
^; `

^;`
>$@
$

> @ >>$@ @
>$@
7
7

> $@>% @>& @
> $@>% @>& @

>& @7 >%@7 >$@7

>& @ >%@ >$@

YHFWRUV
YHFWRUV

YHFWRUV
7HQVRUV

>$@

[LL[[[[L[L
M L ,QGLFHV
FLMNO ELMN DLM DLM

D

FLMNO DLM DL
N
Q
1 QN

UDQJH
VXPPDWLRQ

'XPP\,QGH[

[ \ ] ]

] c ] [c \ c ] c
>D @ >7 @

LM
FRV T
VLQ T

VLQ T
FRV T

[\
MWK [c \ c ] c LWK D LM

[\]
D LM
FRV[cM [ M

[Lc D LM [ M

[c D [ D [

[c D [ D [

[c D [ D [
D [
D [
D [

[c
[c
[c
D D D [

D

D D [
D D D [

[c
LM
!NL

D LPD MQ "D NRD S [PQ"RS

6FDODU

YHFWRUV
$Lc D LM $M

$ M DLM $Lc

YHFWRUV

$LMc
D LND ML $NL

c
$LMNO
D LP D MQD NRD LSD PQRS

V LM
&LMNO H NO

H LM
6LMNOV NO

&RQWUDFWHG
,QGLFHV

H
H
H
H
H
H
H
HH JJ
H
HH JJ
H
HH JJ
H
HH JJ
H
HH JJ
H
HH JJ

V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V WW

V
V WW
V
V WW
V
V WW
V
V WW
V
V WW

V L
&LMH M

H L
6 LMV M

V LM
V ML
H LM
H ML

6LM&LM
6LM &LM

& LM
& ML
6 ML
6 LM

6LM &LM

& LM
>& @
&
&

&
&
&
&

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

&LMNO&LM

$
$

$
>$@
D L

D L
>$@ >$
$
$ @

$ $ $

D LM > $@ $ $ $
$ $ $

D L
>$@
$
$

$
$

$
$

$
$
$

[

[$UUD\

]
^ `
V
>7 @^V `

V

V
V
V
V

V

FRV T
VLQ T

FRV T
VLQ T

T
T
T
FRV
VLQ
FRV
VLQT

FRVT VLQT
VLQT FRVT

FRVT VLQT V

FRVT VLQT V

V

V

V

FRV T VLQ T V

V

V

W

FRV T

VLQ T
FRV T VLQ T
VLQ T

FRV T
FRV T VLQ T
FRV T VLQ T V
FRV T VLQ T V

FRV T VLQ T W

0RKU
V

>$@

$ 6WHSKHQ : 7VDL 0HFKDQLFV RI &RPSRVLWH 0DWHULDOV 3DUW ,,
7KHRUHWLFDO$VSHFWV $LU)RUFH0DWHULDOV /DERUDWRU\ 7HFKQLFDO
5HSRUW$)0/751RYHPEHU

[ [9[[9

G9

G[ [ [
9

,QIOHFWLRQ
9[

1HXWUDO

9[
9[

9[
9[
6WDWLRQDU\
[ [
9 [ K 9 [ K
G9
G[
[ [
K G 9
G[
[ [
K G 9
G[
[ [
"
[([SDQVLRQSDUDPHWHUK

[ [9[

9 '9

'9
G9
G[
K G 9
G[
[ [
[ [
K G 9
G[
[ [
"

K '9
'9
K G 9
G[
[ [
K G 9
G[
[ [
K G 9
G[
[ [
"
[ [ '9

'9 '9

'9
K

K G 9

G[
[ [

KK
G 9
G[
[ [

[ [9[

G 9
G[
[ [

[ [9[

G 9
G[
[ [

K G 9
G[
[ [

K
[
[9[K
'9 9[

K G 9

G[
[ [

9[
[ [
[ [
9[
[ [
9[
9[ [ [

9[

9 [
9 [
[ 9
9 cc
[
9?
9 [

9 [

9 [
[ 9
9 cc
[
[
[
9 ccc
[
9?
9 [
9 [
9 [
[ 9
9 cc
[
[
9 ccc
[
[
[ [
9 cccc
[

9?

9 [
9 [

9 [
[ 9

9 cc
[

9 ,;
[
9;
[

9?

9 [
9

9
>%@

% +HQU\ / /DQJKDDU (QHUJ\ 0HWKRGV LQ $SSOLHG 0HFKDQLFV
1HZ<RUN:LOH\SS$OVR.ULHJHU3XEOLVKLQJ
0DODEDU)ORULGD

>&@ 0 ;36

Q
Q

>&@

Q

1DUPFR

>&@
0 ;36 V HH

>&@

0;36 VHH

>&@
0 ;36 V HH

>&@

0 ;36 V HH

>&@
0;36
>&@

>&@VHH
>&@VHH

>&@VHH
>&@VHH

>&@

>&@

>&@VHH

>&@VHH

>&@VHH
>&@VHH

>&@

>&@

& 3ODVWLFV IRU $HURVSDFH 9HKLFOHV 3DUW 5HLQIRUFHG 3ODVWLFV
0LOLWDU\+DQGERRN0,/+'%.$-DQXDU\
& -($VKWRQ-&+DOSLQDQG3+3HWLW3ULPHURQ&RPSRVLWH
0DWHULDOV$QDO\VLV:HVWSRUW&77HFKQRPLF

[
G1
1 1
G[

G1

G[

]
G9
9 SG[ 9
G[
G[

G9

G[

S

E
0 SG[
G[
G9
G0
9
G[ G[ 0
G[

G[
G[

G[

G0
9G[
G[
G[

9
G0

G[

1
0
9
0
9
8
:
8
:

:

] [ Z X

[

S
G9
G[
0
G G0 G 0

G[ G[ G[

(OZ

S
(OZ

X

1\
0[\ 0\ 0[ 1[\ 1[
S[\ 4\ 4[

[
w1 [\
w1 [
1 [ G\ 1 [\ G[ 1 [\
G\ G[ 1 [
G[ G\
w\
w
[

G[G\
ww1[
w1 [\
w\

\
w1 \
w1 [\
1 [\ G\ 1 \ G[ 1 \
G\ G[ 1 [\
G[ G\
w
\
[
w

G[G\
w1 [\
w[
w1 \
w\

]
w4 \
w4[
4[ G\ 4 \ G[ 4 \
G\ G[ 4[
G[ G\ S G[ G\
w[
w\

G[G\
w4 [ w4 \

S
w[
w\

[

[
0
[\
w0 \
w0 [\
G\ 0 \ G[ 0 \
G\ G[ 0 [\
G[ G\
w\
[
w
4 G\ G\ 4
[

G\
w4
G\
S G[ G\
G\ G[G\ 4[ [ G[ G\

w\
w[
w4 \
G[G\
G[G\
4 \
w0 [\
w[
w0 \
w\

\
4 [
w0 [ w0 [\

w[
w\

4\ 4[

]
w w0 [ w0 [\

w[ w[
w\
w w0 [\ w0 \

w\
w\ w[
S

w 0 [\ w 0 \
w0 [

w[w\
w[
w\

S

[
1[
1[
1 [\
1 [\
0[
0[
0 [\
4[
X
Y
wZ
w[
0 [\
4[
X
Y
wZ
w[
Z [\

Z [\

\
1\
1 [\
1\
1 [\
0\
0\
0 [\
4\
0 [\
4\
Y
X
wZ
w\
Y
X
wZ
w\
Z [\
Z

Z [\
Z

0 [
(W
N [ YN \
Y
0 \
(W
N \ YN [
Y

(W
N [\
Y
0 [\

N [
wZ

w[
N \
wZ

w\

wZ

w[w\
N [\

wZ
w[
wZ
wZ

w\
w[ w\
3

'

.[
4;

0[
w0 [\
w\
.[
0[

Z [
Z [
.\
4\
w0 [\
w[
.\
Z

0\
0\
Z \

Z \
N\N[

(W
X [ YY \
Y
1 [
1 \
1 [\
(W
Y \ YX [
Y

(W
X \ Y [
Y

X [[ YY [\ Y X \\ Y [\
Y X
\[
Y [[ Y \\ YX [\

]

[

Z
0[
6

6 Y X

[
6Y R1[ X\
\
6 X R 1[\ Y [
\ [
1[\ Y1[ X

wZ w[ Z YX &
Z

wZ w[

wZ w[ Z
[\
& Y X
Y 1[ [

& \
X 1[\ [ \
\[
1[\ 1[

4\4[]
S

4[
[]
G]
4\
\]
G]

\] [\

9[][]

G0

G[
[]
9

W [] ]
V [ [

W []
9
O
W

]

>'@
>
'@>'@

Z Y XZ X Y

1[\ 1\ 1[0[\0\ 0[ 1[\ 1\ 1[
0[\0\0[

[

G1 [
G0 [

G. [
G1 [\
GX
wGZ w[

GZ
GY

' 5REHUW 0 -RQHV %XFNOLQJ RI %DUV 3ODWHV DQG 6KHOOV WR
EH3XEOLVKHG
' 6WHSKHQ 3 7LPRVKHQNR DQG -DPHV 0 *HUH 7KHRU\ RI
(ODVWLF6WDELOLW\QGHG1HZ<RUN0F*UDZ+LOO
' '2 %UXVKDQG%2 $OPURWK%XFNOLQJ RI%DUV3ODWHV
DQG6KHOOV1HZ<RUN0F*UDZ+LOO

pvTv;XvOvTv:
Z?8dQ9G OGuQ9G
)*(
# f > A w y O I} ? } FQ @ ? z T z T y P $
Q , <Q g y # _( y 9 % + y 9 A J * , A y
e 9 t y ) y ? pQ g 3 { t ! Q *( a A y
v
v v
vv
vv
v G
vv
vv
vv G
vv
vv
vv G
vv
vv
vv
vv vv E
vv
v v
vv
vv
v v
v G
vv vv
vv
vv vv G
vv
vv
~ ]@
vv
vv
:?zTzTyG
+"tAy
vv vv
vv
vv vv G
EJ=y
Gh
vv
vv
vv
( 3 {t I Q O gA| h+ \ (| 9Awy ,a j*
? D *O J y
? + S9 S} ~ + $9 q 3 W ! ( G z y ? z |9 V
W < ? s; g y Q E J = y ) y ? p9 \ ? + z } g y
? + SO " % y B < ( D y Q
9 % FN
9 g q !:
Q=f
Q w + 3 x + !9 w + 39 < ? Y9 M y
9 G y9 g 3
?! Q3
( 3 x + !9 w + | # | 9 < 9 t | O M A S
Qs
O}Ay9< 9"J!:
Qs Q+Cz@ #f ;]p
. (Ay:9< 9"J!:
q
OG
IO
v v
v v
v v
v G
:H9AwyG
v v
vv
vv
v Gh
vv
..RG
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv
vvv
vv
,jh
vvv vvv
vv
vv
v v
vvv
vv
vv
Gh
vv
vv vv
OG
vv
vv
vv
vv E
vv vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv G
vv
vv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv Gh
vvv
vv
eG
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv vv vv
vv
Gh
vv vv
vvv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
,O
vv
vv vv
vv G
vv vv
vvv vvv G
vv vv
vv
vv
,MG
v v
vv
vvv
jh
v v
vv G
jh
v v
Gh
vv vv
vvv G
Gh
vv
C (C #|
?|OtA
Gh
v v
G OG
dh
G H9AwyG )*(
fG
Eh
,O
v v
v v
fG
v v
AG
&!(v ?Y9L ?+}$z< 9Awy P$ R+}A* Q+L

P"| BttJ@ ,Ay ?+f9"Zy
(Dy
(a@ OYQ*
(%p ,y9Ay9< ?=vQ3 (3 x+!9w+| 9_ Q 1960
9 g FQ |
W Z Z M A } z y 9 * 9 g A S 9 g FQ | { w W *
.W+g|9Gy
;azy 9+S
k
,G
gXTQ9G .1
OG
IQ
JGQ
v v
v v
v v
)
AXTQT8h)?9G
.3
u;XR9G
.4
Z=uTC9G ZTRN@9G
.5
RXL9Gh dh ?9G .2
GQO
( z g y Q Q } A | 9 A S :evv;uvv- .e Jdvv(hQ
9 + " t A y O % g | Q x + !9 w + 3
? + SO " % y
OgA3
? + } SQ y ? g | 9 G y Q
x + " w @ , y( <
U S| | 9 ] * ( $ .9 +"+ FQ+ p
( = T v; < Q
? = vQ 3
(}zy 9+"+FQ+p 9+F(y("w@ RvQ| Q*O|
x + !9 w + } z y ? + vQ + |} ? + } * 9 v} U S| |
e
vvv vvv
IO
vvv
vvv
vvv
v v
vvv
vvv
v v
vvv
vvv
vvv vvv
v v G
vvv
vvv
vvv
vvv vvv
v v
,)
v v
vvv
Gh
vvv
vvv
,ZQ
vv
v v
vvv
vvv
v G
vvv
vv
:ry
|C
JX:uPKQ9G ZTRN) .6
) F
J XG) Gh JXT;h O9 G .7
JXTFuH9Gh
vv
vv
v v
vv
vv
vv
vv
OG
vv
vv
vv
vv
v v
vv vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
v v
vv
v v
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv
vv vv
vv
vvv
vv
vv
vvv
vv vv Gh
vvv
vvv
vv vv
vv vv
vv
vvv
vvv
vv vv G
vvv vvv
vv vv
vv vv
vv
vv
Z7XI9G
(AAM)
Q ( 3 ? SO " $ 9 *R+ p 9 A S :g(vv- lTvv6Q

?+t+=aAy
( z g z y , y9 g y O % g 3
9 + F( y( " w A y
.?* (S uW|
(HIAST)
OG
&
fG I9Gh AXHM9G .8
vv G
vv
vv
vv
:~FQA
Z:bN@Q9G OGuQ9G
.10
Z^T?9G
.11
?}FQAzy ?+<QgyG ?}d"}yG
GQ:hO 40 :
9vvvvvvvvvvv
vvvvvvvvvvvv}vvvvvvvvvvvvDvvvvvvvvvvvvyG
vvvvvvvvvvvyO9vvvvvvvvvvvgvvvvvvvvvvv
*9
vvvvvvvvvvv| hC
.9
SzTz? vA> GyAt"+9J G:SAQG@+G+? hGCAtOq |?
G9QuGO G9Qd8?Z
. <QgyG

ميكانيك المواد المركبة

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

ميكانيك المواد المركبة

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

?=QAzy ?+<Qgy ?

zgzy R*Rgy O=f xzC ?"*O|

?|OtAC ?+G+@ QAS:

9+"tAy >Av ?zTzS

| Q DwyG Of9S jPyG [MWyG

?+!9Dy ?g=ay ? |Ot|

?+t=ayG ?+JF9qZyG ?=vQCG

OG(CG r+"Z@ 1.2.1

OG(CG H|O 4.1.2.1

OG(}zy ,w+!9w+CG c(zTyG 2.2.1

a9+y}9< IG(tCG ?+JF9qZyG ?=vQCG OG(}zy ?+S9S}G J9JzaZCG 3.2.1

OG(CG h+"Z@ 4.2.1

OG(}zy ,FGOA<:G {wWyG 1.4.2.1

J9t=ayG A9"< 2.4.2.1

),q WyG( j(WyG 3.4.2.1

a9+y}9< IG(tCG ?=vQCG OG(}zy ?"|9wyGh ?+y9AG JGR+CG v v ?*9jyG 3.1

IA9T@Gh ?!9ACG JGR+| 1.3.1

fR(yG JGR+| 3.3.1

94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 Jh9p v v yG ?fQS {|GQp 2.2.4.1

AV-8B k"*(< 5.2.4.1

104 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-29A f9|hQi 6.2.4.1

110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 k"*(< 3.3.4.1

?t 9qy ?fQTy9< POC {t"y

113 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J9<QgyG ,p J9t+=aAyG 5.4.1

117 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 {F9TCG ?f(}H

?s9sQy Qv9C ,w+!9w+C (zTy

,I9"C ?zC9}A| Q+i

OG(}zy d9gq!G v v O9%F G J9s;f 2.2

Gh IA9T@G J;|9g| 3.2

?zC9}A| OG(CG 1.4.2

IO}gATCG hC ,I9"CG ?+C;C OG(CG 2.4.2

?+C;C IO9| ,p j(ATCG O9%F5y d9gq!G v v O9%F G J9s;f 5.2

JGP ?s9sQy d9gq!G v v O9%F G J9s;f 6.2

6.2 {F9TCG ?f(}H

?+C;C ?s9sQ J9!9A| 8.2

?!9ACG ~+$9q| 1.8.2

IA9T@Gh ?!9A}zy ,=*QGAyG O*OJAyG 2.8.2

8.2 {F9TCG ?f(}H

?+C;C ?s9sQy Q(JCG ?+F9"C ?!9ACG Q+*9g| 9.2

O9%F G b9qLE Q9+g| 1.9.2

d9gq! G b9qLE Q9+g| 2.9.2

{+$ v v j9TAy b9qL G Q9+g| 3.9.2

f9}p($ b9qLE Q9+g| 4.9.2

hh v v j9TAy b9qL G Q9+g| )Q(T"@( Q@(| 5.9.2

?s9sQy Qw+C ,w+!9w+C (zTy Ey9Dy {Zqy !

IA9TGzy OG(CG x+!9w+| ?<Q9t| 2.3

225 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E2 O*O; 2.2.3

v12 O*O; 3.2.3

234 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?+Z+Mz@ J9dI;| 5.2.3

]E OG(CG x+!9w+| ?<Q9t| 5.3

#f ?+Z+Mz@ J9dI;| 6.3

?+t=_ ?J+qZy 9gy ,w+!9w+C (zTy h< Qy {Zqy !

311 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?|Ot| 1.4

?s9sQzy d9gq!G -O9%F G c(zS 1.2.4

?=y9ZACG J9s9sQyG JGP ?+t=ayG KF9qZyG ?!9A| 5.5.4

?zF9CG J9s9sQyG JGP ?+t=ayG KF9qZyG ?!9A| 6.5.4

5.4 {F9TCG ?f(}H

< 9| JGO9%F G 6.4

?*O+ztAyG K+qZAyG ?*Qd! 1.6.4

?!hQCG {I HF9A! 3.6.4

J9t=ayG #+< JGO9%F5y ,=*QGAyG f9$Q=yG 4.6.4

uF9sQyG JGP ?+t=ayG KF9qZyG ,p J9t=ayG #+< JGO9%F G 5.6.4

J9t=ayG #+< 9| JGO9%F G J9S9wg!G 6.6.4

IQAG ?p9AG J9t=_ {Zp ?yGRE ~+$9q| 7.6.4

zgzy RRgy O=f xzC ?"O|

IA9T@Gh ?!9A}zy ,=QGAyG OOJAyG 2.8.2

?O+ztAyG K+qZAyG ?Qd! 1.6.4

? f ( } G } y P $ O Z < O + g S ? + " t A y ( z g z y R R g y O = f x z } y ? " O |

?+ "t AyGh e(zgzy R R gy G O =f xz}yG ? "O | U +FQ