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Cam Bien Do Ap Suat Chat Luu PDF
Cam Bien Do Ap Suat Chat Luu PDF
dF
ds
(8.1)
pascal
bar
p sut
(Pa)
(b)
10-5
1,02.10-5
105
9,8.104
kg/cm2
atmotsphe
mmH2O
mmHg
mbar
0,987.10-5
1,02.10-1
0,75.10-2
10-2
1,02
0,987
1,02.104
750
103
0,980
0,986
104
735
9,80.102
1,013.105
1,013
1,033
1,033.104
760
1,013.103
1mmH2O
9,8
9,8.10-5
10-3
0,968.10-4
0,0735
0,098
1mmHg
133,3
13,33.10-4
1,36.10-3
1,315.10-3
136
1,33
100
10-3
1,02.10-3
0,987.10-3
1,02
0,750
1Pascal
1 bar
1 kg/cm2
1 atm
1mbar
(atm)
- 126 -
p = pt
(8.2)
(8.3)
Trong :
p0 - p sut kh quyn.
- khi lng ring cht lu.
(8.4)
p sut tnh tng ng vi p sut gy nn khi cht lng khng chuyn ng, c
v 2
2
(8.5)
- 127 -
cm bin
2
cm bin
1
2
pt
Trong :
g - gia tc trng trng.
m - trng lng ring ca cht lng lm vic.
- trng lng ring ca cht lng hoc kh cn o.
Mt khc t cn bng th tch ta c:
F.h1 = f .h 2
Suy ra:
h1 =
p2
p1
5
6
4
1
.(p p ) (8.6)
(1 + F / f )( m )g 1 2
7
h2
3
2
h1
1
kiu phao.
p k vi sai kiu phao dng o p sut tnh khng ln hn 25MPa. Khi thay
i t s F/f (bng cch thay ng nh) ta c th thay i c phm vi o.
Cp chnh xc ca p sut k loi ny cao (1; 1,5) nhng cha cht lng c
hi m khi p sut thay i t ngt c th nh hng n i tng o v mi
trng.
p2
p2
dx
B
dH
dy
p1
p1
a)
b)
- 129 -
Khi p sut trong bung (A) v (B) bng nhau th np chung (1) v tr cn
bng (hnh8.4a), khi c bin thin chnh p d(p1-p2) >0 th chung c nng ln
(hnh 8.4b). Khi t cn bng ta c:
d(p1 p 2 ).F = (dH + dy )f .g( m )
(8.8)
Vi:
dh = dx + dy
d(p1 p 2 ) = dh( m )g
fdy = f .dH + ( F )dx
Trong :
F - tit din ngoi ca chung.
dH - di chuyn ca chung.
dy - dch chuyn ca mc cht lng trong chung.
dx - dch chuyn ca mc cht lng ngoi chung.
f - din tch tit din thnh chung.
- din tch tit din trong ca bnh ln.
dh - chnh lch mc cht lng ngoi v trong chung.
f - din tch tit din trong ca chung.
Gii cc phng trnh trn ta c:
dH =
f
d(p1 p 2 )
f .g( m )
Ly tch phn gii hn t 0 n (p1 - p2) nhn c phng trnh c tnh tnh
ca p k vi sai kiu chung:
H=
f
(p1 p 2 )
f .g( m )
(8.9)
- 130 -
1
J1
J2
J4
J3
2
a)
b)
Trong :
p - p sut.
Y - m un Young.
- h s poisson.
r - bn knh trong ca ng.
e - chiu dy thnh ng.
chuyn tn hiu c (bin dng) thnh tn hiu in ngi ta dng b chuyn
i in (th d cm bin lc).
b) L xo ng
Cu to ca cc l xo ng dng trong cm bin p sut trnh by trn hnh 8.6.
L xo l mt ng kim loi un cong, mt u gi c nh cn mt u t
do. Khi a cht lu vo trong ng, p sut tc dng ln thnh ng lm cho ng b
bin dng v u t do dch chuyn.
- 131 -
N
A
2b
Nr
R
2a
p
p
b)
a)
c)
Hnh 8.6 L xo ng
1 2 R2
.
Y
bh
b2
1
a2
+ x2
(8.10)
Trong :
- h s poisson.
Y - m un Young.
R - bn knh cong.
h - b dy thnh ng.
a, b - cc bn trc ca tit din van.
, - cc h s ph thuc vo hnh dng tit din ngang ca ng.
x = Rh/a2 - tham s chnh ca ng.
Lc thnh phn theo hng tip tuyn vi trc ng (ng thnh mng h/b = 0,6 - 0,7)
u t do xc nh theo theo biu thc:
b 2 48s
sin
N t = pab1 2
.
= k1p
2
a + x 3 4 sin + sin . cos
(8.11)
Lc hng knh:
b 2 48s
cos
N r = pab1 2
.
= k2p
2
a + x sin . cos
(8.12)
(8.13)
Vi k = k 12 + k 22 = f(a, b, h, R, ) .
Bng cch thay i t s a/b v gi tr ca R, h, ta c th thay i c gi tr ca
, N v nhy ca php o.
L xo ng mt vng c gc quay nh, tng gc quay ngi ta dng l xo
ng nhiu vng c cu to nh hnh (8.6b). i vi l xo ng dng vng thng
phi s dng thm cc c cu truyn ng tng gc quay.
to ra gc quay ln ngi ta dng l xo xon c tit din van hoc hnh
rng kha nh hnh 8.6c, gc quay thng t 40 - 60o, do kim ch th c th gn
trc tip trn u t do ca l xo.
L xo ng ch to bng ng thau c th o p sut di 5 MPa, hp kim nh
hoc thp di 1.000 MPa, cn trn 1.000 MPa phi dng thp gi.
c) Xiphng
Cu to ca xiphng trnh by trn hnh 8.7.
p
r
2Rb
2Rng
= N.
1 2
n
2
Yh 0
A 0 A1 + A 2 + B 0 h / R 2b
(8.14)
Trong :
h0 - chiu dy thnh ng xiphng.
n - s np lm vic.
- gc bt kn.
- h s poisson.
A0, A1, B0 - cc h s ph thuc Rng/Rtr, r/R+r.
Rng, Rtr - bn knh ngoi v bn knh trong ca xi phng.
r - bn knh cong ca np un.
Lc chiu trc tc dng ln y xc nh theo cng thc:
N=
(R ng +R tr )2 p
5
(8.15)
d) Mng
Mng dng o p sut c chia ra mng n hi v mng do.
Mng n hi c dng trn phng hoc c un np c ch to bng thp.
D
p
Hnh 8.8 S mng o p sut
3
pR 4
1 2
16
Yh 3
(8.16)
- 134 -
b 3 pR 4
+
=
h h3
Yh 4
(8.17)
(8.19)
Vi D l ng knh mng.
i vi mng do tm cng, lc di chuyn to nn tm mng xc nh bi
biu thc:
N=
D 2 + Dd + d 2
.p
12
(8.20)
hoc p tr.
Cu to ca b chuyn i kiu
p
chuyn i gm tm st t ng gn
trn mng (1) v nam chm in c
Di tc dng ca p sut o,
khe h t () gia tm st t v li t
ca nam chm in, do thay i
W2
L=
l tb / (S tb ) + / ( 0 S 0 )
(8.21)
Trong :
W - s vng dy ca cun dy.
ltb, Stb: chiu di v din tch trung bnh ca li t.
, S0 - chiu di v tit din khe h khng kh .
, 0 - t thm ca li t v khng kh.
Thng thng ltb/(Stb) << /(0S0), do c th tnh L theo cng thc gn ng:
L = W 2 . 0
S0
S0
kp
(8.22)
- 136 -
R1
I1
R2
Ur
(8.23)
(8.24)
max
max
Vra =
(8.25)
p1
p2
3
1
b)
a)
s
+ 0
(8.26)
Trong :
- hng s in mi ca cch in gia hai bn cc.
0 - khong cch gia cc in cc khi p sut bng 0.
- dch chuyn ca mng.
Hnh 8.12b l mt b bin i in dung kiu vi sai gm hai bn cc tnh (2)
v (3) gn vi cht in mi cng (4), kt hp vi mng (1) nm gia hai bn cc
to thnh hai t in C12 v C13. Khong trng gia cc bn cc v mng in y
bi du silicon (5).
Cc p sut p1 v p2 ca hai mi trng o tc ng ln mng, lm mng dch
chuyn gia hai bn cc tnh v to ra tn hiu im (cung cp bi ngun nui) t l vi
p sut gia hai mi trng:
i m = K1
C1 C 2
= K( p1 p 2 )
C1 + C 2
- 138 -
(8.27)
bin i bin thin in dung C thnh tn hiu o lng, thng dng mch
cu xoay chiu hoc mch vng cng hng LC.
B cm bin kiu in dung o c p sut n 120 MPa, sai s (0,2 - 5)%.
3.2.4. B bin i kiu p tr
R4
60o
R1
R3
R2
JT
a)
b)
I
(R1 R 2 + R 3 R 4 ) = IR
4
(8.28)
- 139 -
Trc quang
a)
b)
Vi F = p.S, do :
Q = kpS
Trong :
k - hng s p in, trong trng hp thch anh k = 2,22.10-12 C/N.
S - din tch hu ch ca mng.
tng in tch Q ngi ta ghp song song mt s bn cc vi nhau.
i vi phn t p in dng ng, in tch trn cc bn cc xc nh theo
cng thc:
Q = kF
4dh
(8.29)
D d2
2
Trong :
D, d - ng knh ngoi v ng knh trong ca phn t p in.
h - chiu cao phn ph kim loi.
- 140 -
- 141 -