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&A]l$l

 JMS

{]l*Z E]l yl$ >$ ]l$l MS]l$ As$.

x, y Al yl$ >$ ]l$l x : y A
*_. x is to y A ^ll$]l#.
x: y =

x
y

yl$ >$ ]l$l MS]l$MPs B yl$ >$$ JMS {]l*Z Ey.

 x : y Al Z x, y ]l$
$ A As$. x]l$ Nl (Antecedent) A,
l (Consequent) A As$.
 Z {MS]l$ VS^llW. As x : y, y : x Al yl$ l$$ ]l*]l M>]l#.

x:yy:x

A]l$l

a:b=c:d
a c
= ad = bc
b d

yl$ l$ ]l$l ]l*]l A]l$l A As$.

a : b = c : d Al a, b, c, d$ A]l$lZ E$ As$.

Al]l = ]l$l]l .

E$

1. x : y = 3 : 4 Al (4x + 5y) : (5x 2y) $]l Gl?

l]l:
x : y = 3 : 4 M>st
x = 3k,
y = 4k

A]l$M]l^l$a.

(4x + 5y) : (5x 2y)

=

4x + 5 y
5x 2 y

4 3k + 5 4k
5 3k 2 4k

32k 32
=
= 32 : 7
7k
7
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y]l$

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]l*]l 32 :7
VS]l$MS: O {Z l$V> xMS l$$ 3, yMS l$$ 4]l$ {S_ MS*y ]l*]l ]l$.
2. A : B : C = 2 : 3 : 4

Al

A B C
: :
B C A

$]l Gl?

l]l:
A B C 2 3 4
: : = : :
B C A 3 4 2

2, 3, 4 MS..VS$. 12 M>st Z ]lyl$ ]l$ 12 VS$,

2
3
4
12 : 12 : 12
3
4
2

672 5 672 5
=
5+3
8

Ml l C_a]l Z h^lyl:
3. 672]l$ 5 : 3 Z h^lyl.
l]l:
lls VS =
ll lls l
ll

= 8 : 9 : 24
]l*]l 8 : 9 : 24

= 84 5 = 420
lls VS = 420
y VS = 672 420 = 252
]l*]l & 420, 252
VS]l$MS:
ll y l
y VS = ________________
ll

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]l$M E$
1. A,B,C

$ MS JMS > {^$. 1/6 ]ll$ r$tyl A 1/6 ]ll$ M>MS styl$. 1/3
]ll$ r$tyl B 1/3 ]ll$ M>MS styl$. $W--]l r$t--yl- C ll M>--MS st-yl$. MS ]l_a]l
23,000. Il Al$Z A s Gl?
l]l:
l {M> C r$tyl

=1

1 1 6 1 2 3 1
=
= =
6 3
6
6 2

]ll$

l MZMS$y r$tyl st]l ll M> 12 l$ A]l$MS$. A#yl$

r$tyl st]l

M> = 1 12 = 2 l$.

1
= 12 = 4
3

r$tyl st]l M>

r$tyl st l] M> = 12 l$.

l$.

1 4
= : :6
3 3

= 1: 4:18

1
1
1

= 2 : 4 : 12
6
3
2

ll Z A,B,C s ]l$l

1
23000
(1 + 4 + 18)

= 1000

23,000 Z A s =

$ MS JMS > {^$. ]l_a]l ll Z 2/3 ]ll$ A $MS$yl$.

$VS B,C $ ]l*]lV> ^l$MS$ $. >l 5 ]l$_ 7MS Wl A MS Al]lV> 400
]l $. Il B r$tyl Gl?
l]l: A,B,C$ MS st l] ll r$tyl = x A]l$MS$.

2. A,B,C

>l 5 Il ]l^la

l {M> Cl$Z A s
>l 7 Il ]l^la
D Z A s

x
x 5
=

20
100
=

2 x
x

=
3 20 30

x 7 7x
=
100 100

7x
2 7x
=

3 100 150
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l {M>

7x 5x
= 400
150

7x
x

= 400
150 30

2x = 400150 = 60000
x = 30000

Z A s 2/3 ]ll$ V>

$W

=1

2 1
= ]ll$
3 3
1

1
= 30000 =
6

5,000

B r$tyl

BC $ ]l$V> ^l$Ms$ M>st B,C JMPMSP s$ = = ]ll$

2 3 6
As ll r$tylZ B 1/6 ]ll$

3. 2700 r$tyl P JMS > {^yl$. MlM> l>l 2025 r$tyl B -Z

Q VS]l$*yl$. Hy- _]l ]l_a]l $ 2:1 Z ^l$ MS$$. Il G l l>l

B Z ^l]l-r$?
l]l:
x l r$ Q r$tyl styl$ A A]l$MS$. A-yl$ Q st l] ll
r$tyl = 2025x
AVS p ll r$tyl= 270012
r$tyl$ ]l$l = Z s ]l$l = 2:1

2700 12 2
=
2025x
1

270012= 22025x
x

2700 12
=8
2 2025

As Q ll 8 lr$ r$tyl styl$.

12&8=4 l l>l Q B Z ^l]lr$.
4. JMS

Z A,B,C$ VS ]l$. ll r$tylZ 1/6 ]ll$ B styl$. A r$tyl B,C

ll r$tylMS ]l*]l. ll 24000 Il C s?
l]l:
ll r$tyl = x A]l$-MS$s A-yl$ B r$t--yl-= x/6
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r$tyl = x/6+C r$tyl

Cyl$ A,B,C ]lVS$Y r$tyl$ ll = (x/6+C r$tyl)
A

+ x +C r$tyl = x
6

x
+2C
3

r$tyl = x

2C

r$tyl

=x

x 2x
=
3
3

r$tyl = x

As ll r$tylZ C 1/3 ]ll$.

ll Z C s
8000.

1
= 24000 =
3

$ MS JMS _aMS Ol$ 10 lMS$ AlMS$ $MS$$. A 84 B]l#]l$ 7 lr$ B _aMS

Ol$]lZ l$yl$. B ^l_]l Al A ^l_]l Al Z VS. Il $VS 3 lZ B B _aMS Ol$]lZ
G B]l#$ l$yl$?
l]l: $VS 3 lZ B l$]l B]l# Q = x A]l$MS$
A-yl $ Al Z A,B $ ^l^-l] s ]l$l = 784 : 3x = 196: x
M> l {M> D = 2:1

5. A,B

196: x = 2:1

x2 = 1961 x = 98

$VS 3 lZ B 98 B]l#$ l$yl$.

6. yl$ Vst$ JMS s
t ]l$V> 10, 12 $-Z VS]l#. s $rMS yl Vst l

D yl$
Vst* MS st 15 $-Z VS]l#. Il s $rMS Vrt st Gl sZ R
^l$VSl$?
l]l: s $rMS yl Vrt st R ^l$yMS st M> = x $$ A]l$MS$. A-yl$ 1
$Z ]lyl$ Vst* MS st VS
=

1
1 1 6x + 5x 60
+ =
10 12 x
60x
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11x 60
60x

M> l {M> ]lyl$ Vs* MS 1 $Z st VS

1
15

11x 60 1
=
60x
15

(11x60)15= 60x1
165x900 = 60x
165x60x = 900 105x= 900

900 60
4
=
=8
105 7
7

x=

s $rMS$ yl Vrt B st R ^l$yMS st M>

4
7

-$--$

Vrt 4 VSrZ JMS st VSl$. M> B st Z MSi Hylz ]l st yMS 2 VSr$

GMS$P]l -]l$-$ st. Il yl$V> E]l st B MSi GlsZ R ^l$VSl$?
l]l:
yl$V> E]l st R ^l$yMS MSiMS st M> = x VSr$ A]l$MS$.

7. JMS

=8

1
1
1 1 1
= =
4+2 6
4 x 6

A-yl $ st Vrt, MSi$ MS 1 VSrZ st VS = 1 1

4 x
M> l {M> C

1 1 1 32 1
=
= =
12
12
x 4 6

x = 12
As yl$V> E]l st R ^l$yMS MSiMS st ]l$$ = 12 VSr$.
Al yl$ Vst$ JMS st 71/2 VSrZ VS]l#. D yl$ Vst]l$ 71/2 VSrr$ l_
E_ B l>l B ]ll>$. As ]l$_ A Vrt JMSPs B s-t 62/3 VSrZ . Il A
Vrt JMSP-s ^l B st Gl sZ yl$l$?
l]l:
yl$ Vst* MS st yMS st M> = 71/2 VSr$
21/2 VSrZ yl$ Vst$ MS VS st VS
8. A,B

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1
1
= 2=
1 3
7
2
2

As CM> y]l st Z VS = 1&1/3 = 2/3

D 2/3 ]ll$ st yMS A JMSP VstMS st]l M>
=6

2 VSr$ 20 VSr$
=
3
3

N st yMS A JMSP Vst MS stM>

20
20 3
= 10
= 3 =
2
3 2
3

A Vrt JMSPs ^l B st NV> ylyMS st M> = 10 VSr$.

Al 3 Vst$ A]l$a E. A,B $ D st ]l$V> 4,5 VSrZ VS]l#. C D

st 2 VSrZ R ^l$VSl$. D ]lyl$ Vst]l* ]l$V> 1A.M., 2A.M., 3 A.M. MS$ l B
st G#yl$ R A]l#l$?
l]l: l {M> 1 VSrZ ]lyl$ Vst* MS ^l

5 + 4 10
1
1 1 1
=
=
+
20
20
4 5 2

9. JMSstMS A,B,C

As 1 VSrZ A,B,C $ ]lyl* MS 1/20 ]ll$ st R ^l$ VS]l#.

l {M> A 1AM MS, B 2AM MS l^$. M>st 3AM ]lMS$ D yl$ Vst* MS
VS stZ VS
=

2 1 10 + 4 14
+ =
=
4 5
20
20

C-yl$ 3AM ]l$_ ]lyl$ Vst* ^l$yl {. ]lyl$ Vst* MS 1/20 ]ll$ st
R ^l$yMS 1 VSr $MS$s. M>st 14/20 ]ll$ st R ^l$yMS 14 VSr$
$MS$s.
st R A$ ]l$$ = 3AM+14 VSr$ = 5PM
10. yl$V>

E]l st JMS Vrt 30 $-Z R ^l$VSl$. Il D st ZMS JMS s ]ll st

R ^l$yMS VstMS 40 $$ yl$l$. Il st yMS B sMS Gl ]l$$
yl$l$?
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l]l:
st yMS sMS st ]l$$ x $--$ A]l$MS$.
A-yl $ 1 $Z Vrt, s MS ^l
=

1 1

x 30

M> l {M> D yl* MS 1 $Z ^l

1
40

1
x

1
1
=
30
40

1 1
1
43
1
=

=
=
x 30 40 120 120

As st yMS B sMS st ]l$$ = 120 $$

x = 120.

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