ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline

Engineering
Lecture 16:

Bottom Roughness

Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

Assistant Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland
spkenny@engr.mun.ca

Lecture 16 Objective

to examine engineering analysis methods

to evaluate pipeline mechanical response
with respect to bottom roughness

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

On-Bottom
Roughness

Mechanical Design Calculation

Input

Load Cases

Pipeline configuration
Seabed roughness (profile)
Pipeline heading alignment
As-laid
Flooded
Hydrotest
Operations

Output

Pipeline stress & strain response

Span length & height
Pre-lay & post-lay
intervention assessment
Ref: Hansen (2005), Langley (2005)

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

On-Bottom Roughness (cont.)

Mechanical Analysis
Internal pressure, axial load,
and moment

Water
Depth

Effective
Force

Bending
Moment

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

On-Bottom Roughness (cont.)

Design Criteria and Code Checks?

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

Pipeline Span

Free Body
Diagram

Location
of maximum
stress?

Ref: Mousselli (1981)

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

Pipeline Span (cont.)

Ref: Mousselli (1981)

Maximum
Stress, m

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

Pipeline Span (cont.)

Ref: Mousselli (1981)

Midspan
Stress, o

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

Pipeline Span (cont.)

Ref: Mousselli (1981)

Midspan
Deflection,

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

Pipeline Span (cont.)

10

Ref: Mousselli (1981)

Induced
Span, l

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

Example 16-01

11

For the following pipeline system,

calculate the maximum stress, midspan
stress, midspan deflection and induced
span length for an observed span length of
155m and an effective residual lay tension
of 85kN.

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

EN 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering

Lecture 15
Example 15-01

Winter 2008

Example 16-01
Calculate themaximum stress, midspan stress, midspan deflection and induced span length.
DEFINED UNITS
6

MPa := 10 Pa

kPa := 10 Pa

GPa := 10 Pa

C := K

kN := 10 N

PIPELINE SYSTEM PARAMETERS

Nominal Outside Diameter

Do := 609.6mm

Initial Selection Nominal Wall Thickness (Sec.5 C203 Table 5-3)

tnom := 22.2mm

External Corrosion Protection Coating Thickness

tcpc := 0mm

Fabrication Process (Sec.7 B300 Table 7-1) [SMLS, HFW, SAW]

FAB := "SMLS"

Corrosion Allowance (Sec.6 D203)

tcorr := 3mm

Elastic Modulus

E := 205GPa

Specified Minimum Yield Stress (Sec.7 B300 Table 7-5)

SMYS := 450MPa

Speciifed Minimum Tensile Stress (Sec.7 B300 Table 7-5)

SMTS := 535MPa

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

T := 1.15 10

Poisson's Ratio

:= 0.3

Pipeline Route Length

Lp := 25km

Linepipe Density

s := 7850kg m

Concrete Coating Thickness

tc := 0mm

Concrete Coating Density

c := 3050kg m

Effective Tension

Teff := 85kN

5 1

OPERATATIONAL PARAMETERS
API := 38

API Gravity
Product Contents Density
3

cont := 1000 kg m

141.5
131.5 + API

cont = 835 m

kg

Design Pressure (Gauge)

Pd := 10MPa

Safety Class (Sec.2 C200-C400) [L, M, H]

SC := "M"

Design Pressure Reference Level

h ref := 10m

Temperature Differential

T := 45 C

Maximum Water Depth

h l := 1000m

Seawater Density

w := 1025kg m

Hydrotest Fluid Density

t := 1025kg m

3/6/2008

Page 1 of 5

EN 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering

Lecture 15
Example 15-01

Winter 2008

DNV OS-F101 PARTIAL FACTORS AND DESIGN PARAMETERS

System Operations Incidental/Design Pressure Factor (Sec.3 B304)

inc_o := 1.10

System Test Incidental/Design Pressure Factor (Sec.3 B304)

inc_t := 1.00

Material Resistance Factor (Sec.5 C205 Table 5-4)

m := 1.15

Safety Class Resistance Factor (Sec.5 C206 Table 5-5)

SC := 1.138

Material Strength Factor (Sec.5 C306 Table 5-6)

U := 0.96

Maximum Fabrication Factor (Sec.5 C307 Table 5-7)

fab :=

1.00 if FAB = "SMLS"

fab = 1.00

0.93 if FAB = "HFW"

0.85 if FAB = "SAW"
Diameter Fabrication Tolerance(Sec.7 G200 Table 7-17)
Do :=

max( 0.5mm , 0.0075 Do) if FAB = "SMLS" Do 610mm

Do = 4.572 mm

0.01 Do if FAB = "SMLS" Do > 610mm

min( max( 0.5mm , 0.0075 Do) , 3.2mm) if FAB = "HFW" Do 610mm
min( 0.005 Do , 3.2mm) if FAB = "HFW" Do > 610mm
min( max( 0.5mm , 0.0075 Do) , 3.2mm) if FAB = "SAW" Do 610mm
min( 0.005 Do , 3.2mm) if FAB = "SAW" Do > 610mm
Wall Thickness Fabrication Tolerance(Sec.7 G307 Table 7-18)
tfab :=

0.5mm if FAB = "SMLS" tnom 4mm

tfab = 2.775 mm

0.125 tnom if FAB = "SMLS" tnom > 4mm

0.125 tnom if FAB = "SMLS" tnom 10mm
0.100 tnom if FAB = "SMLS" tnom 25mm
3mm if FAB = "SMLS" tnom 30mm
0.4mm if FAB = "HFW" tnom 6mm
0.7mm if FAB = "HFW" tnom > 6mm
1.0mm if FAB = "HFW" tnom > 15mm
0.5mm if FAB = "SAW" tnom 6mm
0.7mm if FAB = "SAW" tnom > 6mm
1.0mm if FAB = "SAW" tnom > 10mm
1.0mm if FAB = "SAW" tnom > 20mm

3/6/2008

Page 2 of 5

EN 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering

Lecture 15
Example 15-01

Winter 2008

Material Derating (Sec.5 C300 Figure 2)

SMYS :=

0MPa if T < 50C

SMYS = 0.00 MPa

( T 50 C) 30MPa if 50 C < T < 100C

50 C
30MPa + ( T 100 C) 40MPa otherwise

100 C
SMTS :=

0MPa if T < 50C

SMYS = 0.00 MPa

( T 50 C) 30MPa if 50 C < T < 100C

50 C
30MPa + ( T 100 C) 40MPa otherwise

100 C
fy := ( SMYS SMYS ) U

fy = 432 MPa

fu := ( SMTS SMTS) U

fu = 514 MPa

ENGINEERING ANALYSIS
PIPELINE GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES
Inside Pipeline Diameter (Operations Case)
Di_o := Do 2. tcorr 2. tfab

Di_o = 598.05 mm

Inside Pipeline Radius (Operations Case)

Ri_o := 0.5 Di_o

Ri_o = 299.02 mm

Effective Outside Pipeline Diameter

De := Do + 2. tcpc + 2. tc

De = 609.60 mm

Pipeline Steel Area

Ast :=

Do ( Do 2 tnom)
2

Ast = 4.10 10 mm

Concrete Area
Ac :=

( Do + 2 tc) Do
2

Ac = 0.00 mm

Effective Outside Pipeline Area

Ae :=

( Do + 2 tc)

Ae = 2.92 10 mm

Inside Pipeline Area

Ai :=

3/6/2008

Di_o

Ai = 2.81 10 mm

Page 3 of 5

EN 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering

Lecture 15
Example 15-01

Winter 2008

Pipelne Steel Moment of Inertia

Ist :=

64

Do Di_o
4

Ist = 4.99 10

BUOYANCY FORCE (per meter basis)

BF := g m ( w Ae c Ac s Ast)

BF = 0.22 kN

Buoyancy Force Check

BFchk :=

"NEGATIVE BUOYANCY" if BF < 0

BFchk = "NEGATIVE BUOYANCY"

"FLOTATION" otherwise
External Hydrostatic Pressure
Pe := w g h l

Pe = 10.05 MPa

DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS (Mousselli, 1981)

Characteristic Length
1

E Ist
Lc :=

1
BF
m

Lc = 77.5 m

Characteristic Stress
c :=

E ( 0.5 Do)

c = 806 MPa

Lc

Dimensionless Tension
Teff

T_eff :=

BF

1
m

T_eff = 5.0
Lc

Dimensionless Span
LL_Lc :=

155m
Lc

LL_Lc = 2.00

MAXIMUM BENDING STRESS

Dimensionless Bending Stress Factor

m_c := 0.19

Maximum Bending Stress

max := m_c c

3/6/2008

max = 153 MPa

Page 4 of 5

EN 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering

Lecture 15
Example 15-01

Winter 2008

MIDSPAN BENDING STRESS

o_c := 0.11

Dimensionless Bending Stress Factor

Midspan Bending Stress
mid := o_c c

mid = 89 MPa

MIDSPAN DEFLECTION
_Lc := 0.0375

Dimensionless Deflection Factor

Midspan Deflection
mid := _Lc Lc

mid = 2.9 m

INDUCED SPAN DEFLECTION

l_Lc := 0.82

Dimensionless Induced Span Factor

Midspan Deflection
ind := l_Lc Lc

ind = 63.5 m

EQUIVALENT STRESS CHECK

eq :=

h h l + l

eqchk :=

"EQUIVALENT STRESS OK" if eq < 0.9 SMYS

"INCREASE WALL THICKNESS" otherwise

3/6/2008

eq =

MPa

eqchk =

Page 5 of 5

Pipeline Obstruction

Free Body Diagram

Ref: Mousselli (1981)

17

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

Pipeline Obstruction (cont.)

18

Ref: Mousselli (1981)

Span, L

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

Pipeline Obstruction (cont.)

19

Ref: Mousselli (1981)

Maximum
Stress, m

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16

References

20

Chaudhuri, J and Nash, I. (2005). Medgaz: the ultradeep pipeline. Pipeline World, June, 10p.
DNV (2007). Submarine Pipeline Systems. Offshore
Standard, DNV OS-F101, October 2007, 240p.
Hansen, B. (2005). How Hydros Ormen Lange Project
Can Contribute to the Development of the Russian
Arctic. Proc., IBC Arctic Oil and Gas Development
Conference, Challenges and Opportunities The
Technology Solution, London, UK.
Langley, D. (2005). A Resourceful Industry Lands the
Serpent, Journal of Petroleum Technology, 57(10), 6p.
Mousselli, A. (1981). Offshore pipeline design, analysis
and methods. ISBN 0-87814-156-1

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 16