Mt s c im u vit ca cu

thp
Xy dng v pht trin cu thp
vit nam nhng nm gn y: mt s
vn ng dng thc tin v l thuyt
PGS.TS.Trn c nhim b mn cu hm

07-Mar-12

Mt s c im u vit ca cu thp
Thp l vt liu l tng, c cht lng cao:

Vt liu cht lng cao

Tc xy dng nhanh
Tnh a dng, c ng v thch ng
D thay th, sa cha
Kh nng phc hi, ti sinh
tnh bn lu
M quan

07-Mar-12

Mt s c im u vit ca cu thp

T s cng /trng lng , r , cao.Vi vt liu

dng cho KCN c r cao:
gim thiu c chi ph cho KC bn di - yu t
c ngha c bit khi iu kin a cht v iu
kin mt bng kh khn.
Thun tin cho vic phn nh, ng gi,chuyn
ch v lp rp
thch hp vi vng i cht yu, c nguy c ng
t ln

Thp
Thp c cng cao,chu ko,
ko, nn u tt; c tnh do,
c
d gia cng;
ng;
c cung cp vi hnh dng, kch th
thc
ch to s
sn
Tc xy dng nhanh:
nhanh:
Vi
Vic ch to cc cu ki
kin c th
th tin hnh sm, c
lp,kh
p,khng ph
phi ch i v ph thu
thuc vo tin thi cng
m tr
C th
th ch to, ng gi sn nh
nh l mt gi
gii ph
php la
ch
chn cho KCN
Vi tnh d ph
c
phn chia th
thnh cc cu ki
kin c kch th
thc
v tr
trng lng
ng ph
ph hp,vi
p,vic chuy
chuyn ch
ch,l
,lp rp kh
khng
gp kh kh
khn no c bi
bit

07-Mar-12

07-Mar-12

Mt s c im u vit ca cu thp
C tnh c ng v thch ng cao vi cc
iu kin c th:

Tnh d thay th, sa cha:

D dng thay th tng phn chi tit, tng
b phn,cho ti c KCN
Bo ton nguyn nh dng ban u, nh
mi
Cc v d in hnh:
Cu Long bin ( H ni)
Cu Trng tin ( Hu)

KC thp d dng thch ng vi mt di rng cc

phng php v trnh t cng ngh thi cng. Kt
cu cu thp c th lp t v a vo v tr
bng cn cu chuyn dng, bng lao dc hoc
lao-t ngang,ch ni
Cho php cc nh thu kh nng la chn mm
do, thch ng v mt tin ,trnh t v k
hoch thi cng
07-Mar-12

Mt s c im u vit ca cu thp

07-Mar-12

Mt s c im u vit ca cu thp
Tnh bn lu:

Kh nng phc hi, ti sinh:

L c im ri
ring bi
bit, ni tr
tri nht ca cu thp,
thp, c gi
gi
tr v ngh
trn quan im ph
pht tri
trin
ngha to ln khi tip cn tr
bn vng ca x hi hi
hin i
i
Sau khi kt th
thc vng i phc v,
v, c th
th th
tho d phc
v cho mc ch kh
khc,
c, cng tr
trnh kh
khc
Chuy
Chuyn cc cu ki
kin c tr
tr li nh
nh my nh
nh nguy
nguyn li
liu
ti sn xut thp,
thp, b
bt u nh
nhng vng i mi
Kh
Khng li nh
nhng nh hng
ng xu,
xu, xm hi ti mi
tr
trng

07-Mar-12

Mt s c im u vit ca cu thp

KC cu thp c th
th
c khai th
thc ti v vt
t qua
ng
ng 100 nm nu
ngng
c thit k,
k, ch to v
v thi cng
ng n,
n, kh
khng b qu
qu ti nghi
nghim tr
trng v
c duy tu
bo dng
ng tt

Tnh m quan
KC thp ph
ph hp v d dng trong to hnh kin tr
trc, t
dng v thanh mnh cho ti s, ho
honh tr
trng
Cho php kt hp gi
gia k thu
thut kt cu v m hc, t
to
n v p cnh quan ,bi
biu tr
trng ct yu ca mi vng
t
Hu ht cc cu p, ni ting tr
trn th gi
gii u l cu
thp ho
hoc ch
ch yu t thp
07-Mar-12

Cc xu hng pht trin cu thp hin i

ng dng thp cht lng cao

S dng vt liu thp cht lng cao HPS
c ch pht trin M, chu u, Nht
bn
Tnh nng ch yu ca HPS l cng
cao hoc rt cao; cc c trng c l,ho,
cng ngh ng u v n nh
b sung kh nng chng r v khng r
(c bit Nht bn )

S dng vt liu thp cht lng cao

ng dng cc dng kt cu mi, hp l
Ci tin v hon thin cc hnh thc lin
kt trong v gia cc b phn kt cu
Cc phng php xy dng mi
Hon thin cc phng php tnh ton
thit k,cc tiu chun thit k, cng ngh
ch to
07-Mar-12

Cc xu hng pht trin cu thp hin i

Tin trnh ng dng HPS M

07-Mar-12

10

p dng HPS trong xy dng cu

HPS Use in Bridges Highlights
HPS grades used in over 200 bridges(open,
bridges(open, in fabrication or
in design); 40 States
Marketing of HPS 70W -5 to 10% cost reduction
Best toto-date 28% in weight and 18% in cost in NY
Largest project, Mass. Route 3 with 33 HPS bridges; includes
100th bridge in service
Hybrid designs with HPS 70W and 50W popular
For improved clearances totally HPS 70W used

HPS 50W used by several states for FCM applic.

applic.
HPS 100W used in NE; WV next
07-Mar-12

11

07-Mar-12

12

Cc dng cu HPS USA

07-Mar-12

Pht trin cu HPS USA

13

07-Mar-12

14

Mt s cu in hnh vi HPS
I-90 Exit 54 Interchange Overpass ( USA)

C c
dng
mt ct
hp l
vi HPS
Snyder Bridge
07-Mar-12

15

07-Mar-12

16

ng dng cc dng kt cu mi, hp l

Type of Bridge

Length Range

MultiMulti-beam/Composite Decks
MultiMulti-beam steel composite decks are
very competitive for highway bridges
in the span range of 15 100m.
They comprise a reinforced concrete
deck slab on top of several girders.
The steel girders are connected to the
concrete slab by shear connectors and
the two act compositely together.
For simple spans up to 25m and continuous
spans up to 33m, rolled universal beams are
economic and are available up to 1000mm deep.

Multi15 m < 100 m

Multibeam/Composite
deck
Box grider
45 m to 180 m
Truss

40 m to 500+ m

Arch

30 m to 500 m

CableCable-stayed

200 m to 850+m

Suspension
07-Mar-12

850+ m

Cu dm lin hp thp -BTCT

17

07-Mar-12

Cu dm hp

Cu dn v cu vm

Box Girder Bridges

Assembly of the main girder
Omono River Bridge
Box girders are a particular form of plate girder, with two webs joined by common top
and bottom flanges. Boxes may be used either singly or in multiples. They may be
straight or curved in plan and be of constant or variable depth. If using a concrete top
flange then the box girder is called "open top". Box girders with a steel top flange
(often called an orthotropic deck) will give a minimum weight solution, and so are
generally used on long span bridges.
Steel box girder bridges have great torsional rigidity, which makes them ideal for bridges
that are highly curved in plan or where construction by launching is required.
07-Mar-12

18

19

Yumemai Bridge, Japan

US Route 136, over Illinois River,
Havana, USA
07-Mar-12

20

Cu dy vng

Cu treo

Erasmus Bridge,
Netherlands

Akashi Kaikyo
Bridge, Japan ,1998
L main = 1990 m
S dng cp c cng
rt cao, ti 18000
Mpa

07-Mar-12

21

07-Mar-12

Cng ngh cu thp hin i

22

Cng ngh cu thp hin i

20-electrode GMAW welding

machine for open and closed rib
welding to orthotropic deck plates
at Shikoku plant.

07-Mar-12

Flange panel fabrication line at Sakai plant

of Matsuo Bridge Co., Ltd., in Japan.

23

Box unit is measured for virtual erection check at Yokogawa plant.

07-Mar-12

24

Cng ngh cu thp hin i

Transverse (orthotropic deck)

rib assembly line at Tsu Works.

Cng ngh cu thp hin i

Box girder web and flange panel

assembly line at Tsu Works.
Automated multiple robots at
NKK in Japan.

07-Mar-12

25

07-Mar-12

Cng ngh cu thp hin i

Automated handling and assembly of

welded beam members by machines
designed and built by Cimolai in Italy.

07-Mar-12

Typical weld intersection on deck

section in Japan.

26

Cng ngh cu thp hin i

Fabricated components at Cimolai

factory in Italy.

27

Ch to linh kin v lp rp ti nh my Krupp Stahlbau Berlin.

07-Mar-12

28

Phm vi s dng KCN cu dm

Nht bn

Cng ngh cu thp hin i

Theo ti li
liu ca Ng
Ngi H.Nakamura,Sumitomo
30

60

80

100

180

Double/triple
I-girder bridge
Open cross section

box-girder bridge
Narrow
box girder bridge
Double/triple I-girder bridge

with rationalized steel bridges

my ct hn hp kh v plasma ti nh my ch to ca FairfieldMabey Chepstow, Wales.

07-Mar-12

29

Rationalized
truss bridge

07-Mar-12

KCN cu dm lin hp Nht

bn

30

KCN dm vi 2,3 dm ch

Chidori-no-sawa Bridge
double-girder

Tokai Obu Viaduct

triple girderstwo opposite direction

lines
Theo ti liu ca Ngi H.Nakamura,Sumitomo
07-Mar-12

31

07-Mar-12

32

Thay i kt cu-M/ct ngang (1)

Thay i kt cu-M/ct ngang (2)

Theo ti liu ca Ngi H.Nakamura,Sumitomo

Four-girders bridge

Asphalt pavement
Reinforced concrete deck

Conventional
box girder bridge

Double-girders bridge

Asphalt pavement

Asphalt pavement

Composite deck
(or pre-stressed concrete deck)

07-Mar-12

Reinforced concrete deck

33

Asphalt pavement
Composite deck

07-Mar-12

Thay i kt cu-M/ct ngang (3)

34

Thay i kt cu-M/ct ngang (4)

Conventional
box girder bridge

Open cross section

box girder bridge

Narrow
box girder bridge

Conventional
box girder bridge
with steel plate deck

Double/triple
I-girder bridge with rationalized
steel plate deck

Asphalt pavement
Asphalt pavement
Reinforced concrete deck

07-Mar-12

Asphalt pavement

Asphalt pavement

Steel plate deck

Reinforced concrete deck

Composite deck
(or pre-stressed concrete deck)

35

07-Mar-12

36

Khi qut v tnh hnh ng dng

Hin trng v tim nng pht trin cu

thp Vit Nam

kt cu cu thp vit nam

Vit Nam, vic ng dng cu thp cn rt hn ch, do:
Gi thnh vt liu thp, chi ph ch to kt cu thp, chi ph duy
tu bo dng kt cu cu thp cao,...nn vic xy dng cc
cng trnh cu thp Vit Nam cha c tnh cnh tranh.

Xy dng cu thp Vit Nam gn y:

Mt khc cch nhn nhn v u nhc im ca kt cu thp

cn cha y , phin din.

Dm cu c ch to bng hn t ng t
cc thp tm tiu chun Nht Bn (SM570,
SM 490), chiu dy 20-90mm. Mi on
dm ch di 20m, nng t 18-25 tn.

Vic ng dng cu thp Vit nam, phi xt n cc iu kin:

Nng lc cng tc ch to kt cu thp;
Trnh cng ngh thi cng;
iu kin khai thc v bo tr cng trnh;

Phng php thi cng lp dm bng cn cu

150 tn

Tnh cnh tranh ca gii php cu thp so vi cu b tng

07-Mar-12

37

Hin trng v tim nng pht trin cu

thp Vit Nam

07-Mar-12

Xy dng cu thp Vit Nam gn y:

Cu Thun Phc, gm 3 nhp dy vng di 655m, nhp

chnh di 405m.

Dm ch ca dng dm hp thp, mi dm di 9.9m; rng

21.6m; cao 2.5m, nng 72 - 92 tn, c ch to ti Cng
ty CP C kh XDCT 623

07-Mar-12

38

Hin trng v tim nng pht trin cu

thp Vit Nam

Xy dng cu thp Vit Nam gn y:

Cu Bnh cu dy vng dm thp lin

hp. Khi lng dm thp cho ton b cu
l 6.500 tn c sn xut ch yu ti Nht
Bn, v ti nh my Mitsui Thng Long

39

Cu Cn Th: dm ch ca nhp dy vng l dm hp BTDL, mt

ct ngang l hnh thang ngc, y trn c chiu rng 26m v
chiu cao l 2.7m, on gia ca dm di 210m bng dm hp
thp ch to sn v lp ghp vi dm hp BTDL

07-Mar-12

40

Hin trng v tim nng pht trin cu

thp Vit Nam

Hin trng v tim nng pht trin cu

thp Vit Nam

Xy dng cu thp Vit Nam gn y:

Xy dng cu thp Vit Nam gn y:

D n ci to cu ng st H Ni TP. HCM: S dng dn tam

gic, khng thanh ng, c bin di cng h thp chiu cao
kin trc; thanh dn l mt ct t hp hn; bn nt dn c hn
lin vi thanh dn bin; mi ni thanh bin c a ra xa bn
nt; dm ngang ni vi dm dc khng dng thp gc v mi ni
xa bn bng dm ngang; lin kt ti cng trng dng bu lng
CC; ray t trn dm dc, khng c t vt.

07-Mar-12

41

Hin trng v tim nng pht trin cu

thp Vit Nam

07-Mar-12

42

Hin trng v tim nng pht trin cu

thp Vit Nam

Xy dng cu thp Vit Nam gn y:

Cu vm ng thp nhi b tng: c xy dng trn ng

Nguyn Vn Linh TP.HCM c khu nhp 120m, cu vm ng
thp nhi b tng lin tc 3 nhp ti cng vin nh biu din a
Nng- TP Nng c chiu di 60m. y l dng kt cu cu thp
hin i, m quan rt thch hp cho cu th Vit Nam .

Xy dng cu thp Vit Nam gn y:

Cu dy vng cho GTNT (khu n 45m), cu treo dy vng

dm mm khu n 130m

Kt cu thp cng c s dng lm:

o

Mng cc ng thp nhi b tng cho cu Bnh,

Kt cu nhp dn thp nh hnh cho GTNT v a phng

Vng vy thi cng mng tr cu Thanh Tr,

Cc cu cho ngi i b.

Mng cc tr chnh cu Nht Tn .

07-Mar-12

43

07-Mar-12

44

Hin trng v tim nng pht trin cu

thp Vit Nam

Khi qut tnh hnh xy dng v khai thc

cu dm thp lin hp Vit nam
C th thy r Vit Nam, s lng cu
dm lin hp chim mt t trng kh ln.
C nhng a phng t l cu dm lin
hp ti 40% 50% theo s lng cng
nh theo tng chiu di cu (m).
Theo ti liu t Cc ng b, trn quc l
1A, a bn cc tnh t Qung Bnh n
Tha Thin Hu, cng nh cc ng
ngang, t l cu dm lin hp rt cao.

Kh nng ch to kt cu cu thp Vit Nam:

Hin nay, mt s nh my c kh cng trnh trong nc c th sn

xut c kt cu cu thp hin i: Cty CP c kh v XD Thng
Long, Cng ty lin doanh Mitsui-Thng Long, Cng ty C phn C kh
XDCT 623, Cty CP 121...

Cc nh my c kh c trang b p ng cc yu cu ca mt
xng ch to kt cu cu thp: mt bng lm kho, bi cha vt
liu; cn cu trc b tr c bn ngoi v bn trong xng; mt s
ch c h thng bng truyn vn chuyn vt liu thp; my ct, ct
vt, xn; my khoan l, c l; my dp, to hnh, nn thng; my
hn tay, hn t ng, thit b kim tra mi hn ...

07-Mar-12

45

07-Mar-12

Cu lin hp Vit nam

46

Cu lin hp Vit nam

07-Mar-12

47

07-Mar-12

48

Cu to in hnh cu dm lin hp
Vit nam

Cc dng neo in hnh

Cc nhp gin n t 12 n 30 + m

c ly cc dm t 1 n 2,5 + m
6
1

5
3
07-Mar-12

49

TNG QUAN HI
HIN TR
TRNG KHAI TH
THC
CC K
KT C
CU NH
NHP C
CU TH
THP KHU V
VC MI
MIN TRUNG

07-Mar-12

50

C IM CHIU DI KT CU NHP
S l
lng cu s dng chi
chiu di nh
nhp Ln tng ng
Chi
Chiu di nh
nhp Ln

HI
HIN TR
TRNG KHAI TH
THC C
CC KCN C
CU TH
THP TRN M
MNG L
LI
CC QU
QUC L
L KHU V
VC MI
MIN TRUNG KHU QLB V
Bng : TNG HP S LNG KCN CU THP KHU VC M.TRUNG T.NGUYN
Tnh\
nh\
Tuy
Tuyn QL

QL1A

QL1D

ng HCM

QL14

QL19

QL26

QNQN-N

4/44

9/70

7/54

Bnh nh

19/57

0/12

13/15

Ph
Ph Yn

6/42

0/12

Kh
Khnh Ha

7/67

7/8

Gia Lai

1/3

9/24

k Lk

8/11

25/31

Kon Tum

7/29

6/12

07-Mar-12

T s = s lng KCN cu thp; Mu s = tng s cu m QL i qua 1 tnh

51

QL19

QL26

Ln 10m

10 < Ln 15m

19

15 < Ln 20m

14

20 < Ln 30m

Ln > 30m

Bng 1-2 trn

c th
thng k t:

Qu
Qung Ngi

QL1A

43 KCN cu th
thp trn QL1A o
on Nng Kh
Khnh Ha
13 KCN cu th
thp trn QL19 o
on Bnh nh
7 KCN cu th
thp trn QL26 o
on Kh
Khnh Ha

Cu
Thanh Qut QL1A Qung Nam nhp 18,5m
07-Mar-12

Cu p Bng QL19 Bnh nh nhp 10,3m

52

S LNG DM CH V KHONG CCH GIA CC DM, CU

TO DM CH

CU TO H LIN KT NGANG

- S l
lng dm ch
ch ph
ph bi
bin l t 5 n 7 dm.
- Mt s cu nh
ch to) I1200 I1220.
nhp > 20m s dng 4 dm (I ch
-i vi cu dng 4 dm, kho
khong cch gi
gia cc dm l 2,1 2,4m; i vi cu c 5 7
dm cho 1 nh
nhp th
th kho
khong cch gi
gia cc dm ph
ph bi
bin t 1,4 1,8m.
- C bi
nhiu hn 7d
7dm cho 1 nh
nhp, v ch
ch dng I500 I550.
bit mt s cu dng nhi

Cu Dc M QL26 Khnh Ha s dng

5 dm I610x230, khong cch gia cc
dm
l 1,68m
07-Mar-12

a)

- Lin kt ngang cc
cu c kh
khu > 30m
th
th ti gi lin kt
ngang
c cu to
ch
chc ch
chn hn,
hn, gi
gia
ch
ch l 2 thanh L75x75
lin kt vi dm ch
ch v
lin kt vi nhau bng

ng hn ho
hoc dng
th
thp hnh C lm LKN.

Cu Ct QL1A Qung Ngi s dng 7

dm I680x254, khong cch gia cc
dm ch l 1,35m

53

Thep hnh U240x95

ng han

ng han

Thep noi L 75x75x8

Thep noi L 100x100x10
Dam chu che
tao I1220x420

b)

Sn tang
cng ng

2100

Dam chu che

tao I1220x420

2100

Thep hnh U240x95

ng han

ng han

- Dm ngang (lin kt
ngang)
ngang) bng th
thp hnh
dng ch
ch U lin kt vi
dm ch
ch bng
ng
hn 10mm thng qua
th
thp hnh L100x100x10.

Hnh nh lin
kt ngang cu
K Xuyn
QL1A Q. Nam

- Lin kt ngang dng

dn s dng th
thp hnh
L100x100x10 v
L75x75x8, ho
hoc
L100x100x10 v
L70x70x7. Cc thanh
lin kt ngang
c gn
vi dm ch
ch v
c gn
vi nhau bng
ng
h07-Mar-12
n.

Hnh nh lin
kt ngang cu
Ct QL1A
Qung Ngi

- Trn QL19, lin kt

ngang
c s dng tt
c cc kt cu nh
nhp cu
th
thp l lin kt ngang s
dng th
thp hnh U lin kt
vi dm ch
ch thng qua cc
th
thp gc L bng cc
ng
hn.

54

Hnh nh
lin kt
ngang
cu cu
p Bng
QL19
Bnh nh

a) Lien ket ngang gia nhp

b) Lien ket ngang au nhp

Thep noi L 100x100x10

Dam chu che
tao I1220x420

2100

- Trn QL26, lin kt ngang

c s dng hu ht cc
kt cu nh
nhp cu th
thp l lin
kt ngang s dng th
thp hnh
I lin kt vi dm ch
ch thng
qua cc th
thp gc L bng cc

ng hn v lin kt ngang
dng dn.

Minh
ha: Hnh nh v hnh v cu to lin kt ngang cu Gnh QL1A Bnh nh55
07-Mar-12

07-Mar-12

Hnh nh
lin kt
ngang
cu cu
Khu
QL26
Khnh
Ha
56

Cc cu dm thp ang khai thc Khu QLB IV

CU TO BN MT CU & NEO LIN KT

- Hu ht cc cu c mt cu lin
hp vi dm th
thp, BT mc
250 ti ch
16-20cm.
ch, dy 16- Mt s cu khi sa ch
cha
c
tng c
cng thm bn BTCT mc
300 dy 1010-14cm.
- (Rt t) Cu s dng bn mt
cu bng cc tm BTCT lp gh
ghp
dy 20cm & khng lin hp vi
dm th
thp.

Cu ng Lc, QL1A Qung Bnh nhp 12m

MAT BANG BO TR NEO TAM BTCT

Tang cng lp BTCT M300 day 10-14cm

Tam BTCT (450x360x20)cm lap ghep
Tam thep em
10x10cm day 10mm

100 117

233

58 117

275

50
260

Bulong M24, L=300 han iem vao

tam thep em 10x10cm day 10mm
Dam chu
I910x420

Thep goc L75x75 han vao

canh tren dam I910x420

Cu Bn , QL1A Qung Tr nhp 20m

360

50
275
450

117 58

233

117 100
450

Minh ha: Hnh nh cu Cm Tin 2 QL1A Bnh nh v hnh v cu to mt cu

07-Mar-12
57
bng cc tm BTCT lp ghp cu Chu Thnh QL1A Bnh nh

Cu07-Mar-12
Di 2, QL1A Qung Tr nhp 24m

Cu Trai, QL8 H Tnh nhp 29m

58

Cu to h lin kt ngang

Lin kt ngang cu Rong QL1A H Tnh

Cu Ca, QL1A H Tnh s

dng 9 dm I550x250, khong
cch gia cc dm ch l 1,2m;
chiu nhp 12m
07-Mar-12

Lin kt ngang cu Khe B QL1A H Tnh

Cu Qun R, QL1A Tha Thin

Hu s dng 6 dm I900x420,
khong cch gia cc dm ch l
1,6m; chiu nhp 15,8m
59

Lin kt ngang cu Thch Trung

QL1A Qung Bnh

07-Mar-12

Lin kt ngang cu Qun R

QL1A Tha Thin Hu

60

- V neo: Lo
Loi neo
c s dng ph
ph bi
bin tr
trc y l neo th
thp xo
xon l xo 16 ,
c
gn vo cnh trn dm th
thp bng
ng hn. u dm b
bc l xo ng
ngn li, ra gi
gia dm
b
bc l xo di ra.
ra.

Cu to bn mt cu v neo lin kt
Chiu dy bn b tng t
16 20cm, bn BTCT ti
ch mc 250.

MAT CAT A - A

BO TR HAN THEP NEO XOAN TREN DAM

d=10cm; D=13,2cm

Thp 16 xon

Mt s cu khi sa cha
c tng cng thm bn
BTCT mc 300 dy 10-15cm.

ng han day 8mm

ng han day 8mm, dai 50mm

Khoang cach 1 bc

Hnh nh cu Nc Ngt QL1A

Tha Thin Hu.

Mt s cu s dng bn
mt cu bng cc tm BTCT
lp ghp dy 20cm lin hp
vi dm thp bng bu lng
20.

A
ng han day 8mm, dai 50mm

Hnh nh cu Rong QL1A H

Tnh s dng bn mt cu bng
cc tm BTCT lp ghp 61

07-Mar-12

07-Mar-12

MAT BANG

Minh ha: Hnh v cu to v b tr neo xon l xo

62

- Mt s cu khi
c sa ch
cha khng s dng neo th
thp xo
xon l xo na m
c thay th
th
bng dng neo mm 2 nh
nhnh t th
thp 20.
CHI TIET NEO
A

9 x 100 = 900

MAT CAT A - A
1100

2x100=200

Thep neo 20

75 100 75

Hnh nh mt s cu thc t

410

410

50

Thep neo 20

trn a bn Khu QLB IV

ng han 10mm
Han 2 ben

760

Thep neo 20

H Tnh
Qung Bnh
Qung Tr
Tha Thin Hu

Dam chu I760x270

MAT BANG CAU TAO NEO

9 x 100 = 900

1100

270

50

Thep neo 20

Thep neo 20

2x100=200

ng han 10mm
Han 2 ben
Ghi chu:
- Kch thc tnh bang mm
- Tat ca cac thep neo phai c
lien ket vi cot thep ban lien
hp va cot thep ban tang cng.

Minh ha: Hnh nh b tr neo u dm khi sa cha cu K Xuyn QL1A

63
Qung Nam

07-Mar-12

07-Mar-12

64

H hng trong cc cu dm lin hp

Cc c im kt cu

cc h hng trn h thng cu dm lin hp nc

ta kh ph bin vi mt s dng c trng sau:

Hu ht cc KCN cu hin c u bc l
nhiu hn ch v mt kt cu :
Dm thp nh, t qu dy vi c y
cc h thng lin kt gia cc dm ch
Cht lng gia cng dm thp
Bn BTCT mng, dng BT mc thp ( ch
yu l M200 n M300)
Cc loi neo c tin cy lm vic thp
07-Mar-12

- Nt bn mt cu theo cc khe ni ( nhp cu c bn lp

ghp)
ghp)
- Bn mt cu b dp v, nt, nc
c t tr
trn mt cu thm qua
bn gy g nng n cho h dm thp.
thp.
- Btng khu vc neo ch
chng tr
trtt b v hng,
ng, li
lin kt neo
gi
gia dm v bn kh
khng cn tc dng.
dng.
- Lp va k m cho cc bn lp ghp u b dp v, gy ra
hi
hiu ng cp knh,
nh, tng xung kch cng nh
nh rung l
lc ca
KCN cu khi c ti tr
trng qua cu.
- Mt vng ban u, ng thi mt cu b vng xu
xung nhanh
chng.
chng.
- Ti cc cng tr
trnh c bn mt cu lp ghp , li
lin kt qua hc
neo u b h hng

65

07-Mar-12

66

Mt s nguyn nhn ch yu

H hng trong cc cu dm lin hp

Qua cc theo di h hng cc cu lin hp,

c th phn chia thnh nhm cc yu t c nh
hng n cht lng cng trnh nh sau:
- S khng hp l v cu to ca bn btng.
- Tnh trng bt cp ca kt cu neo v b tr neo.
- Cc hn ch ca kt cu dm thp.
- Tnh trng gia tng ca ti trng.
- Hn ch v mt tnh ton, thit k.

07-Mar-12

67

S kh
khng hp l v cu to ca bn btng:
ng:
- cht lng
ng btng bn mt cu nh
nhng cu dm li
lin hp b h
hng nng u rt km:
thp. Nhiu
km: rng ln, xp, cng thp.
thit k ch
ch dng btng mc M200, M250. Cht lng
ng thi cng
do kh
gim st ch
cht ch
ch lm cho cng
khng
c m bo v gi
th
thc t ca btng thp hn gi
gi tr thit k.
k. Btng vi cht
lng
ng thp s d b nt, v, kh
khng bo v
c ct thp,
thp, neo v
v
dm thp.
.
thp
- quan ni
chn chiu dy bn mt cu ch
ch va
nim sai lm v la ch
theo yu cu tnh to
,nn vi c ly cc
ton chu lc un cc b,n
dm ch
ch kh
khng ln, chiu dy bn b tng ct thp kh
kh nh
nh
,ch
ch t 12 15cm. Bn b tng ct thp mng s kh
khng thch
hp lm vi
vic ng thi chu c tc ng cc b ln lm vi
vic
chung.
chung. Hn na, vi chiu dy bn qu
qu nh
nh s kh
khng m bo
cht lng
trnh.
nh.
ng thi cng btng ti v tr cng tr
07-Mar-12

68

Mt s nguyn nhn ch yu

Mt s nguyn nhn ch yu
Tnh tr
trng bt cp ca kt cu neo v
v b tr neo:
Neo l
l b ph
phn c vai tr
tr ht sc quan tr
trng,
ng, quyt nh hi
hiu
qu
qu lm vi
vic chung gi
gia dm thp v bn b tng ct thp.
thp. Tuy
nhi
nhin, nc
c ta kt cu neo l
li
c la ch
chn v p dng rt
tu
tu ti
tin.
Ph
Phn ln neo cng i vi nh
nhng cu c chiu di nhp nh
nh v
va u lm bng thp gc , ho
hoc t hp t thp bn trong
nh
ngn
nhng cu c nhp ln hn. Cc neo nh
nh vy ch
ch cho php ng
tr
tr s tr
trtt tng
ng i gi
gia dm thp v bn b tng ct thp
theo hng
ng ca ng sut ph
php trong bn do
ng dc cu (hng
tham gia lm vi
vic chung ). Khi dm chu un, gi
gia cc th
th c
xut hi
ch, tc ng gy xo
xon, vn mt cu u c tc
hin lc tch,
dng ko tr
trtt bn b tng ct thp tch kh
khi dm thp.
thp. S tch
lu
lu dn cc bin dng ny s gy ph
ph ho
hoi li
lin kt gi
gia neo vi
btng bn.
Trong s 7 cu yu
c th
thng k tr
trn qu
quc l 35, tnh BRBR-VT
th
lin hp v u bi nguy
nguyn nh
nhn chung
th c ti 5 cu l dm li
l do li
lin kt neo dm bn b h hng ,kh
khng cn tc dng.
dng.

07-Mar-12

69

Kt cu dm thp v mt s vn bt cp kh
khc trong
tnh to
ton thit k:
k:
Trong s nh
nhng cu dm li
lin hp nhp nh
nh v va,
va, hu ht
dm thp u l thp hnh ch
ch I cn sn, c chiu cao t
500 1000 (1024)mm. Tnh tr
trng dng p kt cu nhp c
nhiu hn ch v mt cu to v
v nh hng
ng bt li n s
lm vi
vic ca cng tr
trnh.
nh.
Th
Thc t,
t, do h
hn ch v mt vt t trong nhiu nm, ph
phi
dng cc dm thp c chiu cao qu
qu thp.
thp. Ch
Chng h
hn rt
nhiu cu c chiu di nhp t 30 33m (nh
cu Mi - Ng
(nh
Ng
t S, Cu Vn in 1, 2 - QL1), ph
phi dng dm thp
cn nh hnh s hi
hiu I1000. T l gi
gia chiu cao v chiu
di nhp l 1/30 1/33, nh
nh hn gi
gii hn th
thng th
thng t 25
30%.

07-Mar-12

70

Mt s nguyn nhn ch yu

Mt s nguyn nhn ch yu

Mt s bt cp trong tnh to
ton, x l thit k kt cu.
cu.

Vi cc KCN dm t 25 33m, khi tin hnh th

nghim ng hu ht u cho h s xung kch
thc t ln hn so vi gi tr tnh ton l thuyt.
c bit, nhiu cu c chu k dao ng ri vo
khong cm theo quy nh ca Quy trnh Thit
k hin hnh : TC = (0,3 0,7)sec.Vic gia tng
hiu ng ng lc c nh hng bt li n lin
kt ti cc v tr neo v cc khe ni. C 9 cu
dm lin hp trn Quc l 26 (Khu Qun l
ng b 5) u b nt khe ni, mt cu hng
nng v rung.
07-Mar-12

71

Khi ph
phn tch,
tch, so snh cc quan im thit k,
k, tnh to
ton cu dm li
lin
hp trong quy tr
trnh hi
hin hnh nc
c ta l 22.TCN 1818-79 v
v cc ti
tiu
chu
chun thit k Ty u, B
Bc M, Nh
Nht Bn , c nhiu iu kh
khc bi
bit.
Trong 22 - TCN. 1818-79, ch
ch tp trung quan tm n kh
kh nng ch
chng
lc tr
trtt ca neo theo hng
ng dc trc dm. Hi
Hiu ng bc / tch ch
ch

c xt u dm v ch
ch on mi yu cu t neo ch
chng
bc.
bc.
Trong cc ti
tiu chu
chun thit k ca Nh
Nht Bn, AASHTO, Canadam
Vng
ng Qu
Quc Anh [6,7,8,9], u nht thit yu cu tt c cc neo ph
phi
c tc dng neo gi
ng ng)
gi ch
chng tch (theo ph
phng
ng) gi
gia dm v
bn. V
V th ch
ch cho php dng cc dng neo inh,
inh, neo thp ch
ch [ c
mc ho
hoc t hp thp bn c ct thp mc.
mc.
Vn mi i vi li
lin kt neo, trong 22,TCN 1818-79 cng ch
cha
c
cp v hu nh
nh ch
cha h c h s thit k no tin hnh tnh to
ton
theo ni dung ny.
07-Mar-12

72

Mt s nguyn nhn ch yu
nh hng
ng ca mt s yu t kh
khc:
S qu
qu ti:
Tnh tr
ng xe qu
qu ln) so vi nng
trng qu
qu ti (ti tr
trng xe qu
qu ln, lu lng
lc kt cu theo thit k cng l yu t c nh hng
xung
ng ln n tc xu
cp ca tt c cc h th
thng kt cu.
cu. Ri
Ring i vi dm li
lin hp, nu trong
kt cu c sn cc yu t bt hp l v mt cu to th
th vi
vic qu
qu ti s nhanh
chng gy nn nh
nhng h hng bt u t bn mt cu.
Tc ng r v n mn:
Ph
lin hp rt d b g, b n mn.
Phn dm thp v cc chi tit ca cu li
Khi c h hi (n
(nt) bn mt cu, mc g v n mn s ph
pht tri
trin
nhanh chng.
chng.
Kt lu
lun:
nguy
nguyn nh
nhn ch
ch yu l trong qu
qu tr
trnh vn dng thit k v khai th
thc
ch
chng ta hi
hiu bit ch
cha y ,
, ch
ch quan;
quan; n
n gi
gin ho
ho i vi vi
vic ph
phn
tch,
l, cng ngh
ngh thi cng
tch, thit k v x l kt cu cn nhiu im bt hp l,
lc hu, kh
...Th
Th
c tr
qu l rt
khng m bo cht lng
ng...
trng dn ti hu qu
nhiu cu dm li
thc ch
cha
lin hp tuy mi
c xy dng v c s nm khai th
nhiu nh
nhng b h hng nng,
ng, kh
kh nng chu ti km.
km.
07-Mar-12

73

Xy dng cu dn thp
c im:
Cu dn thp c xy dng ch yu trn h thng
ng st v mt s cu ng b c nhp ln
C th phn thnh 3 nhm chnh:
- Nhm 1 : Cc cu dn thp c, xy dng trc 1954
- Nhm 2 : Cc cu dn thp th h 1960-1990
- Nhm 3 : cc cu dn thp mi c xy dng t
1995 tr li y

07-Mar-12

74

Mt s dng cu dn c nhm 1
TT

Ki
Kiu dn

Cc dng cu dn nhm 2

S lng
ng

Lo
Loi dn kn ch
chy di
i
dn m cong

dn Prah

dn Kruup

73

dn T66 ch
chng

dn VN71 ch
chng
T66

6270

1
5 1 ,1 2 0

5,700

2
4 6 0 0 @ 1 3 = 5 9 ,8 0 0

6,000

3
1 0 @ 5 0 0 0 = 5 0 ,0 0 0
5,000

4
4000 @ 15 + 2000 = 62,000

6,000

5
3280

8 @ 5 0 0 0 = 4 0 ,0 0 0

3280

4000

Lo
Loi dn h ch
chy di
i
9 @ 5 0 0 0 = 4 5 ,0 0 0

4000

07-Mar-12

7 @ 5 0 0 0 = 3 5 ,0 0 0

dn VN64

dn VN71

75

Cc nhp dn thp doTrung qu

quc ch to, ho
hoc
c ch
to theo TK in hnh ca Trung qu
quc
Thp hp kim thp,
thp, cc thanh t hp hn trong nh
nh my,
li
lin kt lp rp bng Bu lng CC
Dn bi
loi dn c thanh ng,
ng,
bin th
thng,song song, lo
thanh treo vi cc tham s kt cu chnh : d=8m,D=16m;
H=11m
B=5,75m vi cu ng
ng st, c cu c cnh g cho
ng
ng t ch
chy chung
B=8.5m n 9.0 m vi cu ng
ng b
Cc cu in hnh : Hm rng (Thanh ho
ho ),B
),Bc giang /
cu ng
ng st i chung/;
chung/; Bn thu
thu,Triu dng
ng,, cu
Ch
ng dng
Chng
ng,, cu Ro /cu ng
ng b
Cu in hnh c bi
bit :cu Th
Thng long /c
/cu ng
ng st
i chung/
chung/

07-Mar-12

76

Cu nhm 3, Dn bin thng thng

Cu nhm 3, Dn bin cng

S dn bin cng khu 50m

S dn bin thng thung khu 49,8m

Mt ct u dn

Mt ct gia dn

Mt ct u dn

Mt ct gia dn

Thanh bin gi

V tr kch
Cao ray
(R.B)

Cao ray
(R.B)
V tr kch

y dm

B mt tr

y dm

B mt tr

Chiu cao t ray

ng nuc

Chiu cao t ray

n b mt tr
m cao su
thp
T vt
Gi t vt
Dm dc
H
Bn tp
Cnh du
Chiu cao gi
Chiu cao va

07-Mar-12

n y dm

ng nuc

Cnh du
Bn tp
u bu lng

77

07-Mar-12

Cu to dn c thanh bin thng thng.

n y dm

Cnh du
Bn tp
u bu lng

78

Thanh bin
* Thanh bi
bin ca cc dn c
th
thng
c t hp bng cc
lo
loi thp bn v thp gc
li
lin kt bng inh tn c tit
di
din ch
ch H do trong qu
qu
tr
trnh khai th
thc thanh bi
bin
m h d b g do ng
nc
c . Thanh bi
bin ca kt
cu dn mi c tit di
din
hnh hp do tr
trnh
c
tnh tr
trng ng nc
c v lm
tng kh
kh nng chu un v
xo
xon.

Nt gi
gin.
i vi cc dn tr
c y,
trc
y, bn tip im l mt tm thp ri,
ri,
li
lin kt nt ph
phc tp v
v dng nhiu bu lng nh
nhng i vi cc
gi
gin mi ny bn tip im l mt ph
phn tit di
din ca thanh
bi
bin do cu to t
ti nt n
n gi
gin, tit ki
kim thp,
thp, s dng t
bu lng li
lin kt,
kt, m bo kh
kh nng chu lc tt v thu
thun ti
tin
cho vi
vic lp rp.
07-Mar-12

n b mt tr
m cao su
thp
T vt
Gi t vt
Dm dc
H
Bn tp
Cnh du
Chiu cao gi
Chiu cao va

79

* Cc thanh bi
bin li
lin kt vi nhau ngo
ngoi v tr ca nt gi
gin do rt
thu
vic lp rp.
thun ti
tin cho vi
* Hai u thanh bi
bin v tr gn mi ni c b tr cc bn ng
ngn
cho to
ton b ph
phn thp pha trong lng tit di
din hp kh
khng tip xc
vi kh
trng.
ng.
khng kh v hi nc
c lm hn ch s n mn ca mi tr
07-Mar-12

80

Dm ngang.

Lin kt dm doc, dm ngang

Trn
Trn dm ngang ni b tr t
vt v ray c chiu cao thp
hn so vi 2 u do lm
gi
gim chiu cao kin tr
trc h
mt cu. Hai u dm ngang
c chiu cao ln hn tng
di
din tch b tr bu lng
cng cao thay v ph
phi s
dng bn gc c li
lin kt
ph
phc tp nh
nh kt cu dn c.
c.

i vi kt cu dn c li
lin kt gi
gia dm ngang v dn ch
ch bng
thp gc tng
ng, inh tn li
lin kt lm vi
vic
ng i ph
phc tp v
v bu lng,
trong iu ki
kin bt li v b nh
nh u. Trong kt cu dn mi dm
ngang li
lin kt vi thanh bi
bin th
thng qua bn thp ch do kh
khng
ph
n gi
gin
phi dng st gc li
lin kt lm cho mi ni c cu to n
v thu
thun ti
tin cho vi
vic lp rp.
07-Mar-12

81

Trn dm ngang c b
tr cc bn thp ch
lin kt vi dm dc do
chng ta khng
phi s dng st gc
lin kt lm cho mi
ni c cu to n
gin thun tin cho
vic lp rp.

Cnh tr
trn v cnh di
i ca dm ngang s dng cc bn thp dy
m bo kh
nh ko di tu
tui th
th do n th
thng
kh nng chu lc cng nh
xuy
xuyn ph
phi tip xc vi cht n mn trong qu
qu tr
trnh khai th
thc.
07-Mar-12

82

Dm dc v lin kt dm dc vi dm ngang.

Thanh xin

y dm dc pha trong,
trong, ni cc thanh gi
ging cho ca h li
lin kt
dc di
y dm dc hai u do cc
i ch
chy qua cao hn so vi y
thanh gi
ging cho ny s nm gn trong mt ph
phng y
y gi
gin v c tc
dng lm gi
gim chiu cao h mt cu, kh
khng nh hng
ng n tnh
kh
khng di cu.
Hai u dm dc c chiu cao bng vi chiu cao cc tai ca dm
ngang do rt thu
thun ti
tin cho vi
vic lp rp.
Cnh tr
trn v cnh di
i ca dm dc s dng cc bn thp dy m
bo kh
tui th
th do n th
thng xuy
xuyn ph
phi
kh nng chu lc v ko di tu
tip xc vi cht n mn trong qu
qu tr
trnh khai th
thc.
07-Mar-12

83

* Vi
Vic s dng cc thanh
xi
xin c tit di
din H v
v
hnh hp s lm n
n
gi
gin cho vi
vic ch to
v kh
khng ph
phi dng
cc thanh gi
ging v bn
gi
ging nh
nh kt cu dn
c.
c.
* Gc nghi
ng th
nghing ca thanh xi
xin so vi ph
phng
thng ng c gi
gi tr t 250
0
n 27 - l gc nghi
nghing hp l v n m bo ni lc trong thanh xi
xin
nh
nh v tit ki
kim thp cho dn ch
ch.
* Kt cu gi
khng b tr thanh ng do lm cho gi
gin c cu
gin mi kh
to n
thng tho
thong hn so vi kt
n gi
gin, c t nt v bi
bin gi
gin ch
ch th
cu gi
gin c.
c.
07-Mar-12

84

H lin kt
dc trn

Thanh cng cu
Thanh cng cu c dng
vm do n m bo
tnh kh
khng trong dn, d
dng lp rp v c ki
kiu
dng mm mi hn so
vi cng cu ca kt cu
dn c.
c.

Trong kt cu dn c th
thng s dng khung gi
ging ngang li
lin kt
bi
bin 2 dn ch
ch.Trong kt cu dn mi ng
ngi ta dng thanh gi
ging
ngang li
lin kt do cu to n
n gin, d lp rp v tnh kh
khng
trong gi
gin
c th
thng tho
thong hn.
07-Mar-12

85

H lin
kt
dc di

Do chiu di khoang ln cho nn h li

lin kt dc
di rt th
thng tho
thong thu
thun ti
tin cho vi
vic duy tu bo dng
ng..
07-Mar-12

87

07-Mar-12

86

Cu to dn c thanh bin cng

Nt dn: Kch thc bn tit im ln hn v phc tp hn

so vi gin bin thng thng.
Thanh bin:Thanh bin m h ca gin bin cng ngoi
chu ko cn phi chu thm mmen v lc ct do cc dm
ngang trung gian truyn xung lm cho kch thc tit din
ngang ca thanh bin gin bin cng ln hn so vi gin
07-Mar-12
88
bin thng thng tng kh nng chu lc.

Dm ngang v dm dc

Cc loi bu lng cng cao.

Bu lng cng cao SPB
dng lin kt cc thanh
ca h mt cu ni chu nhiu
nh hng ca n mn.

H mt cu ca dn bin cng b chia nh bi cc dm

ngang trung gian do kch thc dm dc v chiu
cao ca dm ngang khu vc t ray v t vt thp hn
so vi gin bin thng thng gp phn lm gim ng
k chiu cao kin trc mt cu.

07-Mar-12

89

Chiu cao h mt cu:

Khi so snh chiu cao h mt cu ca dn bi
bin th
thng
th
thng kh
khu 49.8m v
v 58.1m vi dn bi
bin cng kh
khu
50.0m v
v 59.8m th
th vi nh
nhng kh
khu dn, chiu dy bn
cnh tr
i dm dc tng
ng ng
ng nhau v vi
trn v cnh di
cng 1 ti tr
trng thit k th
th chiu cao h mt cu gi
gin bi
bin
cng s thp hn nhiu so vi gi
gin bi
bin th
thng th
thng
(kho
khong 243mm) mc d chiu di khoang gi
gin bi
bin cng
ln hn chiu di khoang gi
gin bi
bin th
thng th
thng.
ng.
Nh
Nh vy khi ph
phi vt
t qua nh
nhng nhp ln th
th gi
gin bi
bin cng
c chiu cao h mt cu thp hn nhiu so vi gi
gin bi
bin
th
thng th
thng.
ng. Vi
Vic gi
gim chiu cao ca h mt cu c
ngh
ngha rt quan tr
trng i vi nh
nhng cu c chi
chiu cao kin
tr
trc b kh
khng ch
ch v n s hn ch
c vi
vic nng cao
nh ray v
v vu
vut dc nn ng
ng st hai u cu m vn
m bo th
thng thuyn.
thuyn.
07-Mar-12

91

c im : phn u ca thn bu lng ng knh b thu

hp li theo tit din c tnh ton trc vi kh nng
chu lc ca bu lng. Khi xit lc th u thn bu lng
s b t theo tit din thu hp ny do s dng loi bu
lng ny rt thun tin cho vic lp rp v d dng trong
07-Mar-12
90
vic kim sot cht lng.

Dn bi
bin
th
thng
th
thng

l
(m)
43.0
44.9
49.8
58.1
61.3

a
(mm)
19
18
19
19
32

b
(mm)
19
18
19
19
32

h1
(mm)
1333
1307
1333
1353
1190

h2
(mm)
1047
1020
1047
1053
892

d
(m)
7.2
7.5
8.3
8.3
8.8

Khi so snh chiu cao h mt cu ca gi

gin bi
bin th
thng th
thng th
th
ta nh
nhn thy chiu cao h mt cu gi
gin 61.3m thp hn nhiu
(kho
khong 16cm) so vi cc gi
gin kh
khc mc d chiu di khoang ca
n ln hn. iu ny c
c l do ng
ngi ta tng chiu dy bn
cnh tr
trn, di
i v sn ca dm dc v dm ngang t 19mm ln
32mm do gi
gim chiu cao kin tr
trc ca h mt cu ch
chng ta
c th
th tng chiu dy bn cnh tr
trn, di
i v sn ca dm dc v
dm ngang lm tng kh
kh nng chu lc gp ph
phn gi
gim chiu
07-Mar-12
92
cao ca dm dc v dm ngang.
ngang.

Khi lng thp

Chiu cao gin:

Gi
Gin
bi
bin
th
thng
th
thng

Gi
Gin
bi
bin
cng
07-Mar-12

l
(m)

h
(m)

43.0

8.0

44.9

7.5

49.8

8.0

58.1

8.5

61.3

8.5

50.0

7.0

59.5

7.0

Khi so snh chiu cao gi

gin bi
bin th
thng
th
thng kh
khu 49.8m, 58.1m v
v
61.3m vi gi
gin bi
bin cng kh
khu
50.0m v
v 59.5m th
th ta thy vi kh
khu
gi
gin tng
ng ng
ng nhau chiu cao
gi
gin bi
bin cng thp hn so vi gi
gin
bi
bin th
thng th
thng t 1.0m n 1.5m
do n nh theo ph
ng ngang
phng
cu ca gi
gin bi
bin cng ln hn so vi
gi
gin bi
bin th
thng th
thng iu ny rt
c li cho nh
nhng cu ph
phi chu ti
tr
ng ngang
trng lch tm theo ph
phng
ln nh
nh cu Bch H v Gi
Gi Vi
Vin
do b tr l cho cc ph
ng ti
phng
tin xe
p,
p, xe my v ng
ngi i b lch v
mt pha ca cu.
93

07-Mar-12

94

S lng dn p dng trong giai on I v II.

Khi so snh kh
khi lng
ng thp ca gi
gin bi
bin th
thng th
thng
kh
khu 49.8m vi gi
gin bi
bin cng kh
khu 50m th
th ch
chng ta
thy vi cng chiu di nhp th
th kh
khi lng
ng thp ca gi
gin
bi
bin cng ln hn so vi gi
gin bi
bin th
thng th
thng l 46.765
tn (tng 50%) v
v kh
khi lng
ng thp cho 1m di cu ca cu
tng l 927kg/m di cu. Kh
Khi lng
ng thp tng ln ca gi
gin
bi
bin cng ch
ch yu tp trung vo ph
phn m h (chim 80%).
Do kh
khi lng
ng thp ca gi
gin bi
bin cng tng hn nhiu so vi
gi
liu thp ca gi
gin
gin bi
bin th
thng th
thng cho nn chi ph vt li
bi
bin cng tng ln cao v y
y l
l lo
loi thp cn nng ch
chng
li n mn ca mi tr
trng c gi
gi th
thnh cao v ch
chng ta ph
phi
nh
nhp kh
khu lo
loi vt li
liu ny phc v d n.
Mt kh
khc do kh
khi lng
ng thp ca gi
gin bi
bin cng tng ln lm
cho chi ph cho ph

n
h

,
gia
c

ng,
,
v
ph
ng n chuy
chuyn v lao lp
cng ph
phi tng theo dn n kinh ph xy dng cu gi
gin bi
bin
cng cao hn nhiu so vi gi
gin bi
bin th
thng th
thng.
ng.
07-Mar-12

95

Gi
Gin bi
bin
th
thng th
thng

Gi
Gin bi
bin
cng
07-Mar-12

Kh
Khu
(m)

S lng
ng
(ci)

T l
(%)

Tng t l
%

43.0

93%

44.9

49.8

76

79

58.1

61.3

50.0

59.5

7%

96

Mt s hnh nh cc cu sau khi c khi phc

07-Mar-12

97

Cu Sng Ci

07-Mar-12

Mt s nhn xt (1)

Mt s nhn xt (2)

Trong xy dng v ph
pht tri
trin cu ng
ng st nh
nhng nm gn
y,
y, KCN thp ch
ch yu l dn thpthp- l lo
loi hnh KCN
c
s dng nhiu.
nhiu. V d
dng kt cu,
cu, vt li
liu,c
u,cng ngh
ngh ch to,
gia cng,l
c mc tr
trnh trung
ng,lp rp , Vi
Vit nam t
t
bnh kh
kh so vi th gi
gii v khu vc.
Vi
Vic tri
trin khai th
thm nh
nhng tuyn ng
ng st mi nh
nh tuyn
Yn vi
vin-Ci ln; nng cp mt s on tuyn tr
trng im,
xc tin cc d n ng
ng st tr
trn cao v ng
ng st nh
nh th
m ra kh
kh nng ng dng v ph
pht tri
trin mnh m i vi
KCN cu thp.
thp.

07-Mar-12

98

99

Tuy c mt s c s cc tng Cty xy dng chuy

chuyn
c

ng
ch
to dn
ng

nh
c
th

m
nhi

c
vi

c
gia
ng
th
nhi
vi
thp mi, nh
nhng th
thc t ch
cha th
th coi l c
c ng
ngnh
cng nghi
nghip mnh ch to KC cu thp.To
thp.Ton b tng lng
ng
thp trong xy dng hi
hin nay u
c nh
nhp kh
khu vi gi
gi
cao , thiu v kh
khng ng b cng l mt yu t quyt nh
n vi
vic hn ch quy m ng dng KCThp
V mt tnh to
ng st , hi
hin ch
cha c
ton thit k cu thp ng
b ti
tiu chu
chun mi, ng b nh
nh ti
tiu chu
chun thit k cu
ng
ng b.Trong khi , ti
tiu chu
chun 22TCN 1818-79 ang
c
s dng bc l nhiu hn ch,khim khuyt.
khuyt. y th
thc s
l mt tr
c tp trung kh
khc phc sm.
tr ng
ngi cn
07-Mar-12

100

Mt s nhn xt (3)

Mt s nhn xt (4)

Trong lnh vc xy dng cu thp ng

ng b, hi
hin tr
trng th
thc s
l m m
Nhng nm gn y,
y, s d
m v
v kh
khng bnh th
thng.
ng. Nh
n c dng cu thp ch
ch chim mt t l nh
nh,c
,c v s lng
ng ln
quy m. C
C cu lo
loi hnh vt li
liu tr
trn to
ton mng li
i ng
ng b
ng t nh
kh
nh s mt cn i trong c
khng
c ch
ch tr
trng.T
ng.Tng
cu cc ngu
ngun in nng vi t tr
trng qu
qu ln ca thu
thu in, s
n lc ch
chng ta ph
phi i mt vi nh
nhng h qu
qu ca vi
vic mt
cn i v c cu vi t l cu BTCT
c xy dng nh
nhng
nm qua qu
qu ln.
Do kh
khng
c ch
ch u t, tr
trnh cng ngh
ngh cng nh
nh
ngu
ngun lc k thu
thut trong gia cng ch to kt cu cu dm
thp,
thp, cu dm li
lin hp, cu dm thp bn tr
trc hng
ng hi
hin
ang mt bng rt thp,
,
ht
s

c
l

c
h

u
.
thp
07-Mar-12

101

S thiu ht v ngu
ngun lc k thu
thut ph
phn b u tt c cc
kh
nh
khu: t
t vn thit k,gi
k,gim st,t
t,ti i ng chuy
chuyn gia ca nh
th
thu v c i ng qu
qun l d n.Rt nhiu hng mc cng
tr
trnh l ra dng KC nhp thp ho
hoc cu li
lin hp th
th hp l hn
( v d nh
nh cu vt
t cho ng
ng ph ho
hoc cho ng
ngi i b qua
ng
hoc ng
ng ph
ph chnh...)
chnh...) nh
nhng ri li quay tr
tr
ng cao tc ho
v lp li vi cc ph
ng n vt
phng
t nhp bng BTCT v
v BTD
BTDL.
to lp mt th ph
pht tri
trin cn i, hi ho
ho cc lo
loi hnh kt
cu,
chuyn gia th
thi l ch
cha .C
.Cn
cu, ch
ch c s n lc ca cc chuy
ph
phi c s th
thng nht trong tip cn v quan im x l cc
gi
gii ph
php kt cu . Cc c ch chnh sch v gi
gi, v nh mc
d to
ton cng cn
c iu ch
chnh nh
nhm hn ch ho
hoc khuyn
khch cc xu hng
ng
kt
cu

07-Mar-12

102

Mt s nhn xt (5)
Trong pht trin h tng- cc cng trnh th hin
i, cc u th la chn thng nghing v pha
dng kt cu thp .Hng lot cng trnh cu vt,
cu dn, vut ni ( rampway bridges) vi kt cu
thp cc th ln trn th gii v trong khu vc
l nhng bng chng thuyt phc cho vic cn c
mt t duy x l kt cu mi, khc vi trc y
theo cch m chng ta quen.

07-Mar-12

103

The End

07-Mar-12

104