CHAPTER 5 THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898-1941)

The Filipino revolutionist won against the Spaniards who colonized us for more than 300 yrs. Our flag was hoisted
on June 12, 1898 as a symbol of our independence. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was elected the first president of the
Philippines republic.
NEWS PAPER IN THE FIELD OF LITERATURE:

El Nuevo Dia(The New Day) by Sergio Osmena in 1900

El Grito Del Pueblo ( The call of the nation) by PascualPobleto in 1900
El Renacimiento( The Rebirth)
THE CONSISTENT THEME OF NATIONALISM

1.
2.
3.
4.

Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas by Aurelio Tolentino

The TanikalangGinto of Juan Abad
Malaya by Tomas Remigio
WalangSugat by Severino Reyes

LITERATURE IN SPANISH

Noli and Fili- two novels of Rizal contained the best qualities of a novel ever written in English or in Filipino. Rizal- written by
CecilioApostol ,Crisaldas-written by Fernando Ma. Guerero, Jesus Balmori well known as Batikuling, Manuel Bernabe- is
a lyric poe, Olvido- topic of bernabe with Balmori, Claro M. Recto- he collected the poems in a book entitled BAJO LOS
COCOTEROS.
FILIPINO LITERATURE

Julian Cruz Balmaceda classified three kinds of tagalong poets:

1. Poets of the hearth
2. Poets of life
3. Poets of the stage
AUTOBIOGRAPIES OF SOME WRITERS

Lope k. Santos- Novelist, poet and author and grammarian covered three periods of tagalong literature, American, Japanese and
the contemporary period.
Jose Corazon de Jesus- very popular known as Huseng Batute. He was also called the poet of love
Amado V. Hernandez- poet of laborers, his master piece is angpanday.
Valeriano Hernandez Pena- known as TandangAnong and his penname was kuntilbutil. NENA AT NENENG was his mater
piece
Inigo Ed. Regalado- known as odalager. His pen name was sumpong. He also became a popular story teller, novelist and news
paperman.
Tagalog drama writers
1. Sevirino Reyes: Father of the tagalog drama and author of the immortal walang sugat
2. Aurelio Tolentino- the dramatist in whom the kapampangans take pride.
3. HermogenesIlacan: founded the group CampanaIlagan that presented many dramas in central Luzon.
4. Patricio Mariano- wrote the novel NINAY and ANAK NG DAGAT.
5. Julian Cruz- Wwote BUNGANGA NG PATING, this gave him much honor and fame.
The tagalong short story
Two collections of tagalong stories were publish during the American period. First was the mga kwentong ginto
published in 1936 and 50 kwentong ginto ng 50 batikang kwentista in 1939. The first was written by Alejandro
Abadilla and Clodualdo del Mundo that contained the 25 best stories according to them. The second was written
by Pedrito Reyes Parolang Ginto and Talaang Bughaw of abadilla became popular during this period.
OTHER FORMS OF LITERATURE IN THE FIELD OF ILOCANO

1. Pedro Bukaneg- father of Ilocano literature from his name was derived the word BUKANEGAN which means
BALAGTASAN.
2. Claro Caluya- prince of Ilocano poets as poet and novelist.
3. Leon Pichay- known as the best BUKANEGAN. Also a poet, novelist, short story writer, dramatist and essayist.
LITERATURE OF THE KAPAMPANGAN

1. Juan Crisostomo Soto- father of kapampangan literature.

2. Aurelio Tolentino- he truly proved his being a kapampangan in his translation of kahapon, ngayon at bukas into
kapampangan which he called napon,ngeni at bukas.

VISAYAN LITERATURE

1. EribertoGumban- father of visayanliterature,he wrote a zarzuela, moro-moro and a play in visayan.

2. Magdalena Jalandoni- she devoted her talent to the novel. She wrote ANG TONOK SAN ISA CA BULACLAC.
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

THREE TIME FRAMES OF THIS PERIOD NAMELY:

A. The period of Re-orientation 1898-1910
TWO PERIODICALS OF THIS TIME

1. EL RENACIMIENTO- founded by Rafael Palma in 1901.

2. Philippines Free Press- established in manila in 1905 by R. McCullough Dick and D.Theo Rogers.
B. The period of imitation (1910-1924)

1910- Bernardo P. Garcia poem George Washington was published in El Renacimiento

1919- Paz Marquez Benitez was editor of the womans journal the first literary magazine in English published in the
Philippines.
1920- Paz Marquez Benitez wrote DEAD STARS.
1921- Lorenzo E. Paredes wrote the first poetry anthology REMINISCENCES
1921- Zoilo M. Galang published his first volume of essays entitled LIFE AND SUCCESS.
1924- RODULFO DATU published FILIPINO POETRY, the first anthology of poems.
1925- Zoilo M. Galang published the first anthology of short stories in TALES OF THE PHILIPPINES.
C. The period of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-1941)
1. POETRY

1925- The Philippine writers association was organized in manila.

1926- Manila; a collection of verses by LUIS DATO.
1932 - BAMBOO FLUTE by MARCELO DE GRACIA CONCEPTION.
1934 -MOON SHADOWS ON THE WATER by AURELIO S. ALVERO an English German anthology of
Filipino poets by PABLO LASLO.
1936- MY BOOK OF VERSES by RAFAEL ZULUETA DA COSTA.
1940- LIKE THE MOLAVE AND OTHER POEMS A 1ST prize winning collection of poems by a single
author in the commonwealth literary contest won by RAFAEL ZULUETA DA COSTA.
-MANY VOICES won second award in the commonwealth literary contest.
1941- POEMS BY DOVEGLION: by Jose Garcia Villa
2. SHORT STORY (1925-1941)

1927- PAZ M. BENITEZ published her 1st anthology of Filipino short stories entieled FILIPINO LOVE
stories.
1930- JOSE GARCIA VILLAS MIR-IN-ISA won 1st place in THE AGES PRESS short story writing contest.
1932- Zoilo M. Galang published his 1st volume of short stories entitled TALES OF THE PHILIPPINES.
3. ESSAYS AND OTHER PROSE STYLES (1923-1941)

1940-SALVADOR P. LOPEZ LITERATURE AND SOCIETY won 1st prize in the commonwealth literary
contest.
-CAMILO OSIAS published THE FILIPINO WAY OF LIFE, a series of essays on the Filipino way of
life drawn from history, folkways, philosophy, and psychology of the Philippines.
AUGUST 16 1941: CARLOS P. ROMULO had an editorial printed in the PHILIPPINES HERALD. I AM A
FILIPINO was reprinted his book MY BROTHER AMERICANS in 1945 in New York by double day and co.
4. BIOGRAPHY (1925-1941)

1935- L.P. CABALLERO AND MARCELO DE GRACIA CONCEPTION WROTE ABOUT QUEZON.
1938- THE GREAT MALAYAN won a prize in the national contest, written by CARLOS QUIRINO the most
famous biographer of the period. Also wrote QUEZON, THE MN OF DESTINY.
1940- I.V. MALLARIS THE REBIRTH OF DISCONTENT revealed the sensitive touch
of a writer who in simple language was able to reveal his profound thoughts and feelings.
5. HISTORY

TEOFILO DEL CASTILLIOS THE BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

6. PUBLICATIONS

The Philippine free press provided the first incentives to Filipino writers in English by offering prizes to
worthwhile contributions.
7. THE DRAMA

During this time did not reach heights attained by the novel or short story.