Su Dung Ban Tinh Gay

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN
HNG DN S DNG
BN TNH SOROBAN
Di y l cch s dng chic bn tnh Soroban ca Nht

Bn (loi bn tnh c cu to 1 ht hng trn v 4 ht
hng di). Ti yu Soroban Nht Bn v l loi hnh
bn tnh m ti thng dng. Vic su tm bn tnh tr
thnh nim am m ca ti. Nhiu ci c lm th cng
rt cn thn v nhn tht p mt, c bit l nhng ci
c t lu i.
Mt vi chic trong b su tp ca ti c c ch k ca
ngi lm ra n. C v nh h rt trn trng sn phm
th cng ny. Ti yu ci cch h sng to v cm nhn v
nhng chic bn tnh y.
CNG TY THIT B GIO DC BN TNH TIN MINH
bantinh.vn noithat888.com 0904718133 - 0986550236
Ngi Trung Quc c phin bn bn tnh ring ca h vi

cu to 2 ht hng trn v 5 ht hng di, gi l
Suanpan. Soroban v Suanpan ch khc nhau mt cht v
cu to, cn cch s dng v li ch m chng mang li th
hu nh l ging nhau.
Bn tnh Soroban (Nht Bn)
Hng trn: 1 ht tng
ng 5 n v
X gia
Hng di 4 ht, mi ht
tng ng 1 n v
Hng thp phn

Hng n v
Hng chc
Hng trm
Hng nghn
Hng triu
(Hnh.1)
Bn tnh Soroban c cu to bi khung v cc ct dc

gm cc ht c th di chuyn ln xung trn . Chia bn
tnh thnh hai phn trn v di l mt thanh ngang gi l

x gia.
Ht bn tnh
Chic bn tnh Soroban hin i c 1 ht nm pha trn x
gia v 4 ht nm di x gia. Ht pha trn c gi tr l 5
(n v, chc, trm, nghn, vv). Mi ht pha di c gi
tr l 1 (n v, chc, trm, nghn, vv)
Dc theo chiu di ca x gia, bn c th nhn thy c
cch 3 ct th li c 1 du chm. Du chm c gi l
im n v. Bn c th bt u php tnh vi bt k ct
no c im n v trn. Cc du chm y cng c chc
nng nh du phn chia hng nghn, hng triu, hng t,
V d nh trong nh 1, nu coi ct I l ct n v, th ct
F s l hng nghn v ct C s l hng triu.
Thit lp s trn bn tnh Soroban
Ch dng ngn ci v ngn tr thit lp s trn bn tnh.
Ngn ci y cc ht pha di tin v pha x gia. Ngn
tr lm tt c nhng phn vic cn li nh gt ht pha trn
xung pha x gia, y ht v v tr c hoc gt cc ht
pha di v v tr ban u.

Hnh.2: Ngn ci y cc ht pha di ln
Hnh 3: Ngn ch gt cc ht pha di xung
Hnh 4: Ngn ch gt ht pha trn xung

Hnh 5: Ngn ch y ht pha trn ln
Khi thit lp s trn bn tnh, ta y v gt cc ht bn tnh

chng chm vo x gia.
y 1 ht pha di ln n chm vo x gia th ct bn
tnh th hin gi tr l 1.
Khi 3 ht pha di chm vo x gia th ct c gi
tr l 3.
o thit lp gi tr l 5 th y ht cc ht pha di
ra xa x gia v gt ht pha trn xung chm vo
x.
o Gt cng lc 2 ht pha di v 1 ht pha trn
chm vo x gia th ct c gi tr l 7.
Trong Hnh 6, t tri sang phi, mi ct th hin gi tr l 1,
3, 5, 7 v 9. Nu coi ct F l hng n v, th chic bn tnh
nm bn tay phi th hin gi tr l 42.386 cc ct B, C,

D, E v F.
42386
Hnh 6
Xa d liu trn bn tnh
Trc khi thc hin php tnh, bn phi xa ht d liu
trn bn tnh, tc l a bn tnh v gi tr 0. u tin bn
hy dng thng ng bn tnh tt c cc ht tri xung
pha di. Sau t bn tnh nm xung mt phng trc
mt, dng ngn tr ca tay phi y cc ht pha trn x
gia ra xa x gia ging nh hnh s 7.
Hnh 7
Lun lun thao tc t tri sang phi
iu c bn nht cn ghi nh khi s dng bn tnh gy
Soroban l bn phi thao tc t tri sang phi. iu ny c
v hi k l nhng li rt quan trng. l mt trong
nhng im mnh ca chic bn tnh gy. iu cho

php bn gii nhng php ton vi tc nhanh v
chnh xc cao.
hiu hn v iu ny, bn hy th thc hin php tnh
sau: 237 + 152 = 389. Bn hy thit lp s 237 trn bn
tnh t tri sang phi. By gi thc hin php tnh + 152
bng cch thm 1 vo ct hng trm, thm 5 vo ct hng
chc v thm 2 vo ct hng n v. Bn s thy kt qu l
389.
Thc hin php tr tng t nh th. By gi bn hy lm
php tnh 187 - 125 = 62. Thit lp s 187 trn bn tnh t
tri sang phi. Sau -125 bng cch tr 1 t ct hng
trm, tr 2 t ct hng chc v tr 5 ct hng n v. Kt
qu s l 62.
Thc hin php cng v tr n gin
S dng bn tnh gy Soroban thc hin php cng v
php tr kh n gin v d hiu. Trong mi php tnh
di y, cc ht c cng vo hoc tr i khi cn thit.
Php cng n gin

Php tr n gin

Nhng iu g s xy ra khi php tnh ang c thc hin,

m cc ct khng cn ht hon thnh vic cng hoc
tr. phn sau, chng ta s hc cch s dng s b sung
v cc quy tc c th cng hoc tr vi tc cao m
khng cn phi suy ngh.

S B SUNG
Cc quy tc
i vi nhng ngi s dng thnh tho, bn tnh gy
Soroban l mt cng c tnh ton rt hiu qu. Ngi ta coi
n nh mt loi my mc c gii ha v tc thc hin
php tnh ca n rt cao. N gip ngi ta tnh ton m
khng phi suy ngh nhiu, ch cn thao tc thm v bt cc
ht mt cch my mc trn bn tnh. Vi suy ngh nh th,
ngi ta s dng 5 v 10 lm s b sung.
S 5 l tng ca tng cp bn nh sau: 4 & 1 v 3 & 2
S 10 l tng ca tng cp bn nh sau: 9 & 1, 8 &
2, 7 & 3, 6 & 4, 5 & 5
Nh vy chng ta cn phi nh cc cp s b sung
sau:
o Bn nh ca 1 l 4 v 1 + 4 = 5. Bn ln ca 1 l 9
v 1 + 9 = 10
v 2 + 8 = 10
v 3 + 7 = 10
v 4 + 6 = 10
v 5 + 5 = 10
o Bn ca 6 l 4 v 6 + 4 = 10
o Bn ca 7 l 3 v 7 + 3 = 10
o Bn ca 8 l 2 v 8 + 2 = 10
o Bn ca 9 l 1 v 9 + 1 = 10
Trn y l nhng quy tc kh quan trng m ngi mi

hc mn bn tnh phi ghi nh. iu ny cng c xem
nh l nh l, hay mnh ton hc. Nu ngi hc
khng nm c quy tc ny th s khng th tnh ton
nhanh c.
Nhng v d sau y s minh ha cch s dng cc cp bn
nh khi cng v tr. Khi nhn thy php tnh, bn hy c
gng khng suy ngh trc, khng t tnh nhm trong u
trc theo cch thng thng. Hy thao tc trn bn tnh
bit kt qu. Hy lm theo hng dn di y v bn
s ngc nhin khi thy bn tnh gy c th gip bn thc
hin php tnh nhanh, d dng v cc k chnh xc, ngay
c khi php tnh cha rt nhiu con s.

PHP CNG
Trong php cng, phi lun tr i s b sung.
VD1: Thc hin php tnh cng 4 + 8 = 12 (Hnh 8)
Thit lp 4 trn ct B, sau cng thm 8. V ct B khng
c 8 nn ta phi dng s b sung.
S b sung ca 8 l 2. V vy, tr 2 ct B ri y 1 ht
ct hng chc A v pha x gia. Ta c kt qu l 12.
(Hnh.8)
4 + 8 = 12, trnh t thao tc trn bn tnh s l
4 - 2 + 10 = 12
Hnh.8
Bi tp tng t
4+7
4+6
3+9
3+7
2+9
2+8
9+9
9+8
9+7
8+9
8+8
8+7
4+9
3+8
1+9
9+6
7+9

VD2: Thc hin php tnh cng 6 + 7 = 13

Ly 6 trn ct B. Cng thm 7. Ct B khng c 7 nn ta
li dng s b sung.
S b sung ca 7 l 3, v vy ta tr 3 ct B v y 1 ht
ct hng chc A tin v pha x gia. (Hnh.9)
6 + 7 = 13 trnh t thao tc trn bn tnh s l
6 - 5 + 2 + 10 = 13
Hnh.9
Php tnh trn ta s dng cp bn 7 & 3 , 2 & 3
Bi tp tng t
5+7
5+8
5+9
6+8
7+6
7+7
5+6
6+6
8+6

PHP TR
Trong php tr, phi lun cng s b sung.
VD1: Thc hin php tnh tr 11 - 7 = 4
Ly 11 trn 2 ct A, B. Tr 7. V ct B ch c 1, 1 khng
tr c cho 7 nn ta phi dng s b sung.
S b sung ca 7 l 3. **Trong php tr, th t thao tc
trn bn tnh khng ging nh khi ta lm php cng**.
Bt u php tnh bng vic bt i 1 ht (tng ng 10
n v) ct hng chc A, ri cng thm 3 ct B. Ta
c kt qu l 4. (Hnh.10)
Hnh.10
Bi tp tng t
10-7
10-8
10-9
11-9
12-8
12-9
15-9
15-8
15-7
16-9
16-8
16-7
10-6
11-8
13-9
15-6
17-9
11 - 7 = 4 trnh t thao tc trn bn tnh s l:

11 - 10 + 3 = 4
VD2 : Thc hin php tnh tr: 13 - 6 = 7

Thit lp s 13 trn 2 ct A v B. Tr 6. Dng s b sung
nh sau:
Trong trng hp ny, s b sung ca 6 l 4. Bt u php
tnh bng vic bt i 1 ht (tng ng 10 n v) ct
hng chc A, ri cng thm 4 ct B. Ta c kt qu l
7. (Hnh.11)
Hnh.11
13 - 6 = 7. Trnh t thao tc trn bn tnh s l

13 - 10 + 5 - 1 = 7

TH T CC CT TRN BN TNH
Nhng ngi mi lm quen vi mn bn tnh d nhm th
t cc ct. Cc php tnh phn trc u c thc hin
trn 2 ct ca bn tnh. Bn phi ch th t thao tc trn
bn tnh.
NGUYN TC THAO TC KHI THC

HIN PHP CNG
1. Trc tin ta phi tr i s b sung t ct bn phi.
2. Sau thm 1 ht vo ct bn tri
NGUYN TC THAO TC KHI THC

HIN PHP TR
1. Trc tin ta tr 1 ht ct bn tri.
2. Sau cng thm s b sung ct bn phi.
y l cch thc hin php tnh hiu qu nht v ng

nht. Sau khi thc hin xong thao tc trn ct ny, ta tp
trung s ch sang ct khc ngay.
KT HP DI CHUYN GIA CC NGN TAY
thao tc trn bn tnh nhanh v hiu qu, bn phi bit

kt hp chuyn ng gia cc ngn tay.
Vo th k trc, trc khi my tnh in t tr thnh ph
bin, y ban bn tnh ca phng Thng mi v Cng
nghip Nht Bn thng xuyn t chc nhng cuc thi cho
cc c nhn mun c c mt giy php lm vic nh
mt nhn vin bn tnh. Cc k thi bt u cp 10 (d
nht) cho n cp 1 (kh nht). Nhng c nhn vt
qua c cc k thi cp 1, cp 2 hoc 3 th s
iu kin lm vic cho chnh ph hoc cho doanh
nghip c nhu cu tuyn dng.
Trong cc cuc thi, th sinh c pht cho nhng chui

php tnh. Cc php tnh y phi c hon thnh trong
mt khung thi gian nht nh. Tt nhin chnh xc l
yu t quan trng nht, nhng th sinh gii nht phi l
ngi lm ng v lm rt nhanh. Thao tc nhanh c l
do c s rn luyn s kt hp di chuyn gia cc ngn tay.
Trong nhng v d di y, ti a ra 2 cch kt hp

chuyn ng ca ngn tay trong mi php ton.
y l mt vi v d minh ha cch kt hp di chuyn

ngn tay.
V d 1: 8 + 7 = 15
Vi nhng ngi mi hc cch s dng bn tnh, th y l
cch kt hp t nhin nht.
1. Dng ngn ci v ngn tr ca tay phi ko 5 v 3

ct C v pha x gia c
gi tr l 8. Ngn ci v ngn tr phi thao tc cng
mt lc.
2. Sau dng ngn tr ca tay phi bt 3 ct C v ngn
tr ca tay phi thm 10 ct B. Tay tri v tay phi
thao tc cng mt lc.
Bc 1
Bc 2
Bng vic kt hp s chuyn ng ca cc ngn tay, ta c

th hon thnh php tnh ch vi 2 ln di chuyn ngn tay,
thay v 4 ln.
Di y l mt s php tnh cn c s di chuyn kt hp

ca cc ngn tay:
6+9, 7+8, 7+9, 8+8, 8+9, 9+6, 9+7, 9+8, 9+9.

V d 2: 15 + 8 = 23
1. u tin, dng ngn tr ca tay phi thit lp 5
ct C v dng ngn tr ca tay tri thit lp 10 ct
B. Lc ny ta c gi tr 15 trn bn tnh. Lu l 2 tay
phi thao tc cng 1 lc.
2. Ta c: + 8 = + 10 2. Dng ngn tr v ngn ci ca

tay phi tr 2 ct C bng cch y 3 ht pha di
ln v 1 ht pha trn x ngang ra xa x gia. Dng ngn
tr ca tay phi thm 10 ct hng chc B. Ta c
kt qu l 23. Lu : 2 tay thao tc cng mt lc.
Bc 1

Bc 2a
Bc 2b
Bng cch kt hp chuyn ng ca cc ngn tay, ta c th

hon thnh php tnh sau 2 ln di chuyn, thay v 5 ln.
y l mt s php tnh c s dng s kt hp ngn tay

nh trn:
15+6, 15+7, 15+9, 6+6
6+7, 6+8, 7+6, 7+7, 8+6

V d 3: 9 + 3 = 12
Dng ngn ci v ngn tr ca tay phi thit lp 9 trn
ct C.
Ta c: + 3 = + 10 7. Dng ngn tr v ngn ci ca tay
phi tr 7 ct C. Dng ngn tr ca tay tri cng 10 ct
B. Ta c kt qu l 12. Lu : 2 tay thao tc cng mt
lc.
Bc 1
Bc 2a

Bc 2b
Bng cch kt hp chuyn ng ca cc ngn tay, bn c

th hon thnh php tnh sau hai ln di chuyn ngn tay
thay v 5 ln.
Nhng v d khc c s dng s kt hp ngn tay nh trn:

6+4, 7+3, 7+4, 8+2, 8+3,
8+4, 9+1, 9+2, 9+4
V d 4: 14 9 = 5
Dng ngn ci trong c 2 ln dch chuyn. Ly 10 ct B
v 4 ct C.
Dng ngn tr tr 10 ct B
Kt hp dch chuyn ngn tay. Dng ngn tr cng 5
ct C v bt 4 ct .

Bc 1
Bc 2
Bc 3
Mt s v d c s dng thao tc tay tng t:

11-6, 12-6, 12-7, 13-6, 13-7, 13-8, 14-6, 14-7, 14-8

V d 5: 11 7 = 4
1. Dng ngn ci thit lp 10 trn ct B v 1 trn ct
C.
2. Dng ngn tr tr 10 ct B v dng ngn ci
cng 3 ct C.
Bc 1
Bc 2
Mt s v d c s dng thao tc tay tng t:

10-6, 10-7, 10-8, 10-9, 11-8, 11-9, 12-8, 12-9, 13-9

n gin, Nhanh v Hiu Qu

Php cng v php tr l hai php ton cn bn nht
trn bn tnh Soroban.
PHP CNG
V d: 135 + 321 = 456

Bc 1: Coi ct H l ct hng n v, thit lp s 135 trn
3 ct FGH. (Hnh.12)
Hnh.12

Bc 2: Cng 3 vo ct hng trm F.

Bc 3: Cng 2 vo ct hng chc G.
Bc 4 v kt qu: Cng 1 ct hng n v H => ta
c kt qu l 456
trn ct FGH (Hnh.13)
Hnh.13

Nhng v d trn kh n gin. By gi chng ta s

chuyn sang mt v d phc tp hn.
V d: 456 + 567 = 1023

Bc 1: Thit lp s 456 trn ct FGH , coi ct H l ct
hng n v. (Hnh.14)
Hnh 14
Bc 2: Cng 5 ct hng trm F ta c 956 trn ct FGH.

(Hnh.15)
Hnh 15
Bc 3: Cng 6 ct hng chc G. Nhng khng s

ht Vy ta phi tr s b sung ca 6 l 4, sau ....
Bc 3a: Cng 1 ct hng trm F. Nhng khng cn ht
no ly Vy ta phi tr s b sung ca 1 l 9, sau ....
Bc 3b: Thm 1 ct hng nghn E, ta c 1016 trn ct
EFGH nh Hnh 16
Hnh 16
Bc 4: Cng 7 vo ct hng n v H. Nhng ct H

khng cn s ht => Tr i s b sung ca 7 l 3. Sau
thm 1 vo ct hng chc G. Cui cng ta c kt qu
l 1023 trn ct EFGH nh hnh 17.

Hnh.17
Niu quan trng ti mun nhn mnh y l khi bn

tnh ton vi bn tnh, bn khng nn nhm theo cch
tnh thng thng. Hy tp trung hon ton vo vic s
dng bn tnh tm ra kt qu cui cng ch khng
nn nhm theo cch thng thng ri mi thit lp kt
qu trn bn tnh. V d bc th 4 ny: 7 + 1016, bn
d dng nhm theo cch thng thng c kt qu l
1023. Tuy nhin, lm nh th l bn khng tnh ton
theo quy tc ca bn tnh. Bn phi s dng s b sung
v thc hin php tnh theo quy tc bn tnh soroban th
bn mi c th thc s gii v bn tnh sau ny.

PHP TR
V d: 4321 - 3456 = 865

Bc 1: Thit lp s 4321 trn ct EFGH nh hnh 18, coi
ct H l ct hng n v.
Hnh.18
Bc 2: Tr 3 t ct hng nghn E, ta c 1321 trn ct

EFGH. (Hnh.19)
Hnh.19
Bc 3: Tr 4 t ct hng trm F. Nhng khng ht =>

Dng s b sung.
Tr 1 t ct hng nghn E, sau ....
Cng s b sung ca 4 l 6 vo ct hng trm F, ta c 921
trn ct FGH nh hnh 20.
Hnh.20

Bc 4: Tr 5 t ct hng chc G. Nhng khng ht

=> Tr 1 t ct hng trm F, sau ....
Cng s b sung ca 5 l 5 vo ct hng chc G, ta c 871
Hnh.21
Bc 5: Tr 6 t ct hng n v H. Dng s b sung. Tr
1 t ct hng chc G, sau ....
Thm s b sung ca 6 l 4 vo ct H, ta c kt qu l 865
Hnh.22

Su Dung Ban Tinh Gay

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HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

Di y l cch s dng chic bn tnh Soroban ca Nht

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

Ngi Trung Quc c phin bn bn tnh ring ca h vi

Hng thp phn

Bn tnh Soroban c cu to bi khung v cc ct dc

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

tnh thnh hai phn trn v di l mt thanh ngang gi l

CNG TY THIT B GIO DC BN TNH TIN MINH

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

Hnh.2: Ngn ci y cc ht pha di ln

Hnh 3: Ngn ch gt cc ht pha di xung

Hnh 4: Ngn ch gt ht pha trn xung

CNG TY THIT B GIO DC BN TNH TIN MINH

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

Hnh 5: Ngn ch y ht pha trn ln

Khi thit lp s trn bn tnh, ta y v gt cc ht bn tnh

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

nm bn tay phi th hin gi tr l 42.386 cc ct B, C,

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

nhng im mnh ca chic bn tnh gy. iu cho

CNG TY THIT B GIO DC BN TNH TIN MINH

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

CNG TY THIT B GIO DC BN TNH TIN MINH

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

Nhng iu g s xy ra khi php tnh ang c thc hin,

CNG TY THIT B GIO DC BN TNH TIN MINH

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

Trn y l nhng quy tc kh quan trng m ngi mi

CNG TY THIT B GIO DC BN TNH TIN MINH

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

CNG TY THIT B GIO DC BN TNH TIN MINH

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

VD2: Thc hin php tnh cng 6 + 7 = 13

CNG TY THIT B GIO DC BN TNH TIN MINH

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

11 - 7 = 4 trnh t thao tc trn bn tnh s l:

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

VD2 : Thc hin php tnh tr: 13 - 6 = 7

13 - 6 = 7. Trnh t thao tc trn bn tnh s l

CNG TY THIT B GIO DC BN TNH TIN MINH

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

NGUYN TC THAO TC KHI THC

NGUYN TC THAO TC KHI THC

y l cch thc hin php tnh hiu qu nht v ng

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

KT HP DI CHUYN GIA CC NGN TAY

thao tc trn bn tnh nhanh v hiu qu, bn phi bit

Trong cc cuc thi, th sinh c pht cho nhng chui

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

do c s rn luyn s kt hp di chuyn gia cc ngn tay.

Trong nhng v d di y, ti a ra 2 cch kt hp

y l mt vi v d minh ha cch kt hp di chuyn

1. Dng ngn ci v ngn tr ca tay phi ko 5 v 3

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

Bng vic kt hp s chuyn ng ca cc ngn tay, ta c

Di y l mt s php tnh cn c s di chuyn kt hp

CNG TY THIT B GIO DC BN TNH TIN MINH

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

2. Ta c: + 8 = + 10 2. Dng ngn tr v ngn ci ca

CNG TY THIT B GIO DC BN TNH TIN MINH

HNG DN S DNG BN TNH SOROBAN

Bng cch kt hp chuyn ng ca cc ngn tay, ta c th