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ACIDS
Taste sour
Turn litmus
blue to red
Reacts with active metals
Fe, Zn, Mg
BASES
Taste bitter
Turn litmus red to blue
Feel soapy or slippery
(react with fats to
make soap)
React with acids to
form salts and water
Hydroxide Ion present
(OH)-
Acid/Base Definitions
Arrehenius
only in water
Acids produce H+
Bases - produce OH-
Acids donate H+
Bronsted-Lowry
Bases accept H+
any solvent
- pair
Acids
accept
e
Lewis
Bases donate e- pair
used in organic chemistry,
Sodium Hydroxide
(Strong)
Barium Hydroxide
(Strong)
NaOH
Ba(OH)2
Potassium
Hydroxide (Strong)
KOH
Magnesium
Hydroxide (Strong)
Mg(OH)2
Calcium Hydroxide
(Strong)
Ca(OH)2
Ammonium
Hydroxide (Weak)
NH4OH
Ammonia (Weak)
NH3
Sodium Carbonate
(Weak)
Na2CO3
Sodium Phosphate
(Weak)
Na3PO4
Litmus
Litmus (Vegetable dye) Paper: It is red below pH 4.5 and blue above pH 8.2.
Phenolphthalein: indicator of acids (colorless) and bases (pink).
Hydrion Paper: Ranges in color, Acids/Red, Bases/Blue