m: mode

40 characters each row and 25 rows in total

9 pixel wide and 16 pixel height of character
Graphic format: 360 x 400 no of dots in total
16 colors
8 display pages
Display memory starting address: B800
Display mode: VGA

Service 01
CH = cursor start line no and options
CL = cursor ending line address

Service 02
BH = page no
DH = row no
DL = col no

Service 06
BH= control color or appearance
CH: row of UL
CL: col of UL
DH: row of LR
DL:

06 h ROM font

ES: BP will return address of font

CX will tell one character pattern 16 bytes or 14 bytes
DL: rows in character

ES: BP: our own font address

INT 10 - VIDEO - WRITE GRAPHICS PIXEL
AH = 0Ch
BH = page number
AL = pixel color
CX = column
DX = row
mov ax, 0x000D ; set 320x200 graphics mode

Read character and display

Well provide starting address at DS: DX will print at current cursor position

Read more than one characters and display at once

00: First byte is total length of buffer:

01: How many characters are read excluding carriage return
02: Actual characters read from keyboard. Last carriage return is included
BIOS DISK SERVICES:

INT

AH - Service

Sub Service

Purpose

13
13

00
02

Reset Disk System

READ SECTOR(S) INTO
MEMORY

13

03

13

08

AL = number of
sectors to read
(must be nonzero)
AL = number of
sectors to WRITE
(must be nonzero
DL = number of
drives

13

42

DL = drive
number

EXTENDED READ

WRITE DISK SECTOR(S)

GET DRIVE PARAMETERS

CF = error flag
AH = error code

13

43

AL = write flags

EXTENDED WRITE

INT

AH - Service

Sub Service

Purpose

21

3C

CX = file
attributes

CREATE OR TRUNCATE
FILE

DOS DISK SERVICES:

21
21
21

3D
3E
3F

21

40

21
21

41
42

21

AX = 4300

21

AX = 4301

BX = file handle
CX = number of
bytes to read
CX = number of
bytes to write

AL =
move
CF =
AX =
CF =
AX =

origin of
error
error
error
error

flag
code
flag
code

OPEN EXISTING FILE

CLOSE FILE
READ FROM FILE

WRITE TO FILE
DELETE FILE
SET CURRENT FILE
POSITION
GET FILE
ATTRIBUTES
SET FILE
ATTRIBUTES

DOS MEMORY ALLOCATION SERVICES:

INT

AH - Service

Sub Service

Purpose

21

48

ALLOCATE MEMORY

21

49

21

4A

21

4B

BX = number of
paragraphs to
allocate
ES = segment of
block to free
BX = new size in
paragraphs
AL = type of load
(0 = load and
execute)

FREE MEMORY
RESIZE MEMORY BLOCK
LOAD AND/OR EXECUTE
PROGRAM

BIOS Serial Port Services:

INT

AH - Service

Sub Service

Purpose

14
14

00
01

14

02

INITIALIZE PORT
SERIAL - WRITE
CHARACTER TO PORT
READ CHARACTER FROM
PORT

14

03

DX= port number

AL = character to
write
AL = received
character if AH
bit 7 clear
AH = line status
AL = modem status

GET PORT STATUS

COM1 is accessible via ports 3F8-3FF while COM2 is accessible via 2F8-2FF.