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  • Opium Poppy

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    j0sipa007
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    The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is a plant native to Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean region that has been cultivated for over 3,500 years. It grows 3-4 feet tall and produces white, purple, or pink flowers and seed pods containing about 200 seeds each. The poppy is used for medicinal purposes to produce morphine, codeine, and other alkaloids, which are extracted from the plant's latex or seeds. However, it is also a source of illicit drugs like opium and heroin when abused. In addition, poppy seeds, oil, and flowers have culinary, ornamental, and other uses. Today, opium poppy cultivation still

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    Opium Poppy

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    The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is a plant native to Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean region that has been cultivated for over 3,500 years. It grows 3-4 feet tall and produces white, purple, or pink flowers and seed pods containing about 200 seeds each. The poppy is used for medicinal purposes to produce morphine, codeine, and other alkaloids, which are extracted from the plant's latex or seeds. However, it is also a source of illicit drugs like opium and heroin when abused. In addition, poppy seeds, oil, and flowers have culinary, ornamental, and other uses. Today, opium poppy cultivation still

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    157 vues8 pages

    Opium Poppy

    Transféré par

    j0sipa007
    The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is a plant native to Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean region that has been cultivated for over 3,500 years. It grows 3-4 feet tall and produces white, purple, or pink flowers and seed pods containing about 200 seeds each. The poppy is used for medicinal purposes to produce morphine, codeine, and other alkaloids, which are extracted from the plant's latex or seeds. However, it is also a source of illicit drugs like opium and heroin when abused. In addition, poppy seeds, oil, and flowers have culinary, ornamental, and other uses. Today, opium poppy cultivation still

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 8

    +

    Papaver somniferum:
    The Opium Poppy

    +
    Family: Papaveraceae
    Origin: Mesopotamia/ Mediterranean
    Plant Characteristics:
    Height: 3-4 feet
    Colors: White, purple, pink
    Seeds: About 200 seeds per pod
    Flowers: Hermaphroditic
    Season: March-May
    Additional Facts: Lacticifer

    Poppy Goddess found on Crete dated back to 3,500 years ago

    Uses of Papaver somniferum

    Medicinal Purposes
    Morphine, Codeine, Narcotine, Thebaine

    Illicit Purposes
    Opium and Heroin

    Food

    Poppy seeds, oil, cake and flour; salads

    Ornamentals and Decorations


    Flowers; gilded and painted capsules

    Aphrodisiac, Baby Rattles, Bird Food,


    Cooper Indicator, Fuel, Currency

    Medicinal Purposes
    Morphine

    Can be between 3-23% of opium content


    Principle alkaloid compound in opium
    Isolated discovery by F.W. Serturner in 1805
    Primarily used to relieve pain by acting
    directly on the central nervous system
    Burst onto the scene with invention of
    hypodermic needle in 1853 (Franco-Prussian
    War 1870)
    Used as a cure for opium and heroin
    addiction, until found to be equally addictive

    Codeine
    Can be between 0.1-4% of opium content
    Most codeine extracted from morphine
    through O-demethylation, but can also be
    obtained from opium itself
    8-12% the strength of morphine (200 mg of
    codeine 30 mg of morphine)
    Most widely used opiate and drug in the
    world; commonly used with Tylenol and
    Aspirin

    Illicit Purposes

    Heroin
    Diacetylmorphine (heroin) synthesized
    from morphine in 1874; used by H. Dresser
    for the Bayer Company in 1896
    Originally used to treat tuberculosis
    Acetic anhydride along with about 5 other
    chemicals are used in transforming
    morphine into heroin (2x more active)
    Thought to be an effective treatment
    against morphine addiction, but highly
    addictive

    Opium
    Substance that can be used directly from
    extracted latex product of the unripe
    seedpod of the opium poppy (lancing)
    Opium is a combination of chemicals, not
    actually a chemical compound of its own
    Contains up to 25 alkaloids
    A dozen are used within drugs on
    the market (also papaverine,
    narcotine, and thebaine)
    Administered as an effective treatment for
    chronic alcoholism
    Still used in rural areas as a source of
    medicine, currency, food , clothing
    Hill tribe people in S.E. Asia (Laos
    and Burma) are leading producers

    Illicit Purposes
    Heroin

    Opium

    + Opium Poppy Production Today

    www.shaps.hawaii.edu/ drugs/golden/fig2.gif

    Areas still producing opium poppies today

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