Model 12 CONTENTS Model 12 Manual «aru Electrofishing Manual. Electrofishing Safety a Model 12 Parts [dentification cones emreenne ‘The Model 12 P.0.W. battery-powered backpack electrovisner Smith-Root, Inc. 14014 N.E. Salmon Creek Avenue - Vancauver, WA, 98686 Programmable Output Waveforms ...2.4-.000 w» Section C Backpack Electrofisher soon Section A Section B sow Seetion D Section EModel 12 Backpack Manual CONTENTSels B Pate teresa Safe, effective, and reliable 1. Introduction The Model lightweight high energy backpack sized waterways with low to medium conductivity water. 2 POW Electrofisher is a rugged medium ned The electronics package incorporates solid state circuitry assuring the utmost in reliability and per- formance, with quiet operation. The circuits feature automatic tests that indicate problems with electrode wiring, switch meter indicates battery loading. A sealed six-digit LCD electronic timer records true shocking ame. Complex waveforms and programed pulse patterns provide standard output. Programmable output waveforms (POW) add extra waveforms, producing 2 more flexible electrofishing system. POW reduces the chance of causing damage 10 sensitive fish species. and allows electrofishing, in areas not possible before. By using pulse width and pulse frequency modulation POW is capable of generating virtually any waveform. The only limits are: minimum lure and overloads. Audio output tone ‘output pulse width 100 micro seconds; maximum burst rate 1,000 pps. AC waveforms are not supported. When new waveforms are effective they can be easily added. The Model 12 POW Electrofisher is gasket-sealed in a weatherproof case and mounted on a rugged molded frame. The Coleman ba nylon, which provides exc pack frame is of reinforced nt electrical insulation and is. more durable than aluminum. The straps may be adjusted providing a comfortable fit for almost any size person, A Quick-release is provided for emergencies. Just pull on two rings and the whole pack frame drops instantly Batteries are maintenance-fi type. and may be recharged up to 1,006 times. A battery t BC.24 sealed deep-cy ied with the electrofisher for A lightweight fiberglass anode pole and pull-behind cathode a pole can be plugged into the cathode receptacle 10 probe supplied with each unit. An optional second fon each side of brushy habitat for example. Figure 1. The left control panel. 2. Controls and Features ‘The control panels are on both sides of the box. Voltage Range Switch: Tais switch is located on the left side near the bottom. The switch has 10 ranges. The 100 to 300 volt ranges are for high conductivity waters (400 to 600 umho). The 400 to 700 volt rar ss are for medium conductivities (200 to 400 umho). The 800 10 1,000 volt ranges are for low conductivities (10 t0 200 umho), Mode Switches: These are located on the left side near the center, and select the frequency of the output pul 15, 30. €0. 90 and 120 any as five additional custom ‘The standard frequencies are 0. pulses per second. As n frequencies, ranging up to 250 pulses per second. may be ordered Output Voltage Indicator: The audio indicator to give positive irdication 10 all bers that there is an output voltage greater than 30 volts berw. hode. This indicator also serves as an input current indicator. It begins 10 beep crew the anode and slowly at an input cus of 4 amp, and beeps faster as the input curren es up. enn) CenaeC ee OD ae Erle ls] Overioad Indicator: Overload conditions are indicated ee | tow Bateryinietor: When the banery volage : ¢ I is disabled. Switch the input power switch to off, and replace the battery, Caution: switch the input power switch off before connecting or disconnecting a battery or you to the power connector. : may cause dam: Sell Test indleator: The LED ingicator comes on to ©. positive indication that the electrode wiring and eS | hes are all OK. If this i when the anode pole switch is rested, then there is a jicator does not come on jo problem with the anode or cathode. Figure 2. The right control panel The LED will flash when a Tilt Condition has dé. The electrofisher will automat n the backpack is no longer tilted and resun proper operation wh the anode pole switch has been releas ‘The LED will flash if the mode switches are eb Whilst the output is on. Timer: The six-digit timer totals shocking time. It accumulates tir n fractional econds 10 ed atthe top of 7 by placing 2 magnet over the word “Reset” next to the yet is found on its keeper on the left side of the bat indication. A view window is locé the left side of the instrument case. The timer can be timer. The m the shocker ne pole switch Input Power Connector: The input pow d quick-Iwist positive locking connector. with for proper polarization of the connector +Y box. Alternately use the sno: unt halves. Input Power Switch: The input power switch is a le circuit breaker switch that the ModelModel 12 backpack electrofis! Bon OU Rolle) oy 3. Using the Electrofisher A. Make sure the power switch is in the off position Place the battery in the battery box and connect the input power piug to the battery B. Plug the anode pole and cathode into their respective connectors on the bottom of the instrument case. Located inside the pole is a sealed, magnetically operated reed switch. The reed switch is activated by a magnet within the rubber flapper. By simply pressing the flapper forward against the pole, the reed switch will close and the output is activated. Release the rubber flapper, and the reed switch will open and the output will be deactivated, C. Select the desired voltage and frequency ranges When water conductivity is unknown set the voltage range to 100V and select mode settings of 3 and 4, Place both electrodes in the water and press the anode pole switch. The audio tone and the self-test indicator should both come on. Observe the reaction of the fish. If this setting is not satisfactory then release the anode s the pole switch and increase the voltage range. Ps anode pole switch, and again observe the reaction Repeat until satisfactory results are obtained. D. Never change voltage range or mode settings while the anode pole switch is pressed, doing so may damage the electrofisher. E. Caution. If you have been shockis the voltage range two or three positions before shocking large fish. Large fish are more sensitive 10 being shocked than small fish. In general. low frequencies are more effective for large fish, and high frequencies more effective for small fish. small fish, reduce In Case of Difficulty Check the input power switch and the batiery connector. If the power switch turns off by its self. either the switeh is defective or there is a shor circuit within the electrofisher, Check the overioad indicator. If the indicator comes fon When the output is activated, reduze the volt selector until it no longer does so, The overload is ly reset each time the anode pole switch is auiomatica released. Check the low battery indicator. If the low battery indicator is on the battery is discharged and should be exchanged for 2 fresh battery. The low battery st when the power switch is tumed indicator is off. Cheek the self-test indicator. The light should tum on when the anode pole switch is activated. If the light fails 10 turn on, check the anode and cathode connectors on the box, to be sure that they are properly seated. If y hooked together properly and the seif-iest indicator still doesn’t turn on, check 1 anode and cathode with an ohm meter. Pin B to pin C should read approximately zero ohms when the anode pole switch is activated. The cathode pull-behind should measure zero ohms at all times en. If you don’t is either a broken wire or a Wy are sure that the connectors aie witch circuit on the measure zero ohms ‘bad switch in the electrode. A safety switch renders the electrofisher inoperable if the unit is tipped beyond most normal operating positions. The normal operating position for the electrofisher is vertical. Cerne reyee OR RU eo tle Ecol) oe lel] 5. Battery Charger ‘The BC-24-A battery charger is supplied to charge the 24 volt batery pack. 5.1 CONNECTORS AND INDICATORS Input power cord: The input power plug is standard 120VAC three-pin with ground. Output cord and connector: The connector on the end of the cord is wired to plug directly into the quick disconnect connector on the battery pack. Front panel indicators: The two front panel indicator lamps are labeled “charging” and “charged”. The “charging” indicator will glow when the battery is taking. a charge. When the battery is fully charged the "charged" lamp will tum on and the “charging” lamp will tum off. 5.2 CHARGER OPERATION 1, The battery pack should be recharged as soon es practical after discharging Connect the chargers power piug to an 110 volt 3 pin outlet. Connect the quick disconnect plug to the battery The “charging” lamp should turn on. The battery is now taking a charge. The battery pack will be fully proximately 14 hours. xd after ap. 6. Batteries The Model volt sealed deep cycle y. Understanding the proper care of this battery will reduce problems in the field Batteries should never be allowed to remain in a discharged state and should be recharged as soon as possible atter use. Batteries should be the charger comes on. 2 uses a 1d until the green lamp on Charging Problems: Some older batteries may not hours. Do not continue baneries as this may cause drying of the electrolyte and damage the battery. Check the battery on an electrofisher March 1993 Figure 4. The 24V sealed deep-cycle bettery to determine how much field ti expected from it, Ifthe discharge time is sufficient for your use. mark the battery so that it doesn’t get Jeft on a charger for more than 24 hou! Ifa banery has otherwise discard the battery een left in a discharged condition for a while. it may not take a charge. If you suspect that the battery has been left discharged. charge it for 24 hours and then discharge it with the electrofisher. If the battery is not he electrofisher for very it will not operat long. Sometimes by cycling the battery a few simes it will start th ga charge again 6.1 BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS Rating: Batteries ai reduce the voltage per 1 10 1.67 vols in 20 hours. The 2 standard batiery has a 12 a1 However ir’s life at Mode! ees cryUr BPR Tete Cl Colter rl UD ot ay Ettects of Temperature: The temperature at which a [ue ieee comecey] [cee adc battery is used aiso affects the relative capacity of the [mn ama 20m battery. Figures 7 and § show that in cold weather the PE See shocking time willbe less and the batry will have less [cae ae capaci _S0min___1200A "BOA [ism 20008 s0aR 100) Figure 5. Relative capacity of 28h deep cycle battery. % © Eat ais a = wo Degree teak 1rge cu 45min 10 a0 Discharge time Figure 6. Discharge curves for 12An and 7Ah batteries. 50 minutes. As the discharge current is increased the efficiency and relative capacity decrease Battery Lite: Each time you cycle a. battery it loses some of its ability to take a charge. Ds are capable of being charged and discharged from 100 up 10 1.000 times. depending on the depth of the dischai used. Service life and shelf .é by warmer temperatures. cycle batteries and the type of chars are both adversely affe Battery Storage: Batteries stored at room temperature will self-discharge at 3% 10 6% per month. Stora voided. Shelf life can increased by storing at lower temperatures, but store at 1g. Batteries should be fully charged before storing, and should be recharged every four months. temperature above 20°C should be above -30°C to prevent free ee) ‘Ambion! emperature Figure 7. Effect of temperature on battery ife, Figure 8. Etfect of temperature on capacity. Perera Aspee oe EU auger a Oral 7. Model-12 POW Specifications 10-1600 umhofem®? 100-1000 VOC in 100 vot steps 20 amp peak on 1,000 volt ‘amp average on 100 volt gular. pulses DC & smooth DC 258 stored waveiorms (Pulse wiath and ‘equency modulation) Sine, Linear and Exponential Ramps, Gated Bursts, Conductivity range Output vottage Output current Output puise Synthesized. Custom Pulse duration....... >100usec Pulse frequency... 1Hz 10 120H2, 250 pulses/sec. Output protection... Output disabled by overload. Automatic reset by releasing anode pole switch, Overload incication LED, Audio tone indicates 230 VOC. Continuity of anode and cathode wires , and switches indicated by LED. Tilt switch automatic shutot. Quick-release backpack harness Output ingicator Electrode test. Salety devices Input current ‘Audio tone indicates =¢ amp. Low battery. Unit automatic output shutof. Indicated by LED. Timer Sealed 6 digit LCD display, capacity 9,998 sec. Magnetic reset. Construction Sealed water-resistant case. Weight 31.5 pounds, including battery. Anode pole 6 foot, 1 dia, fiberglass, 72 lecwrode * ciameter aluminum ting Cathode. 0 foot tong rat tll Pack tra Coleman®, reinforced nylon, Battery 24 volt 12Ah sealed deep-cycle Battery weight.....21 pounds, ee Creed 8. Standard equipment Electoisher Mode!12 POW Pack trame Coleman® Anode Ring shape. ‘Anode pole 6’ one-piece, Cathode 1 tal Battery 24 volt 12An, Batter BC-24-4 9. Optional Equipment Metering package... Input and output, current and voitage. Custom output... DC to 250H2. Large anode 11" diamond shape. Anode poles. 8'10 91, two-piece. Lightweight battery .24 vol, 8h, weight 10.5 pounds Electrical loves... 10kV rated Heavy-duty charger. Charges up to 4 batteries at Conductivity meter... 1 40 1900. Carry case Aluminum Extension cables... 25! 32" x 10" xO", 1/4" mesh, 109, two piece. Dip net Dip net handles. Sosotiatons subject change wines natoe Pe) ——s VOLS rr) Ce) Cee ad Pa coe ee Ce EY Figure 9. Optional sigital metering.Programmable Output Waveforms CONTENTS Programmable Output Waveforms... Standard PUIBe easunininnane \Wavetorm Table oy Smith-Root, Inc. 14014 NE. Salmon Creek Avenue - Vancouver, WA, 96686es eur ee aL ty INTRODUCTION Your P.0.W. electrofisher incorporates the latest microcontroller technology, to give you the widest range of output waveforms available on any electrofisher. It can not only produce smooth DC output, but 2 whole new series of very effective and efficient pulsed waveforms, 256 waveforms are available, and three are custom wave- forms that can be programmed for your own particular conditions POW. By varying the width and frequency of the output ipable of generating a wide variety of pulse waveforms. Using this pulses over time, Smich-Root electrofishers ar pulse modulation technique we simulate the effect of more complex waveforms while reducing the drain on the power supply. Smith-Root electrofishers are programmed with a sampling of these waveforms for your use and experimentation. You will find several that will be the ‘most effective for your particular situation. What follows STANDARD PULSE A standard pul voltage being tumed on and off. The amount of time the sent is turned on is called the pulse width. The ti sant of the ne) one is called the cycle period. The number of puises produced in a second is the pulse frequency, and is related to the cycle period as shown in the diagram below left. from the start of one pulse cycle 10 1 GATED BURST By modifying the pulse cycle, we can produce a ‘group of fast pulses followed by a short off-time. This is Just as effective as a pulse with a much longer on-time However less power is applied to the water, and less is drawn from the power source. This grouping of pulses is known as a burst, It is 2 product of the width of the in- dividual pulses, the time between pulses in the burst, and the period between the bursts. These bursis are produced by feeding the pulses through a switch or gate. hence this waveform is called a gated burst. This is illustrated be- isa biief explanation of how POW. works. We wil stat low by deserbing a sandard waveform. and work upto mare complex ons. ian aa | | 3 | sam | | L i | | i Standera pulse Goted burst ks a) aPrieur) aera) VARYING WIDTH PI Often it is desirable to change the amount of power applied 10 the water while wofishing. This can be done in a v ‘ways, One way is 10 hold the cycle period con- ty of Staring eth Frequency ange the pulse-width over time. The from the starting pulse-width to the ending pulse-width is called the sweep = average power applied to the water with the width of the pulse. This aphs on the right. One set shows a pulse that starts narrow and goes 10 4 time it takes to varies linearly is shown in the wider value, and the other shows a wide pulse volts Time Tie Wide to narrow varying width pulse FIXED WIDTH PULSES. Another way to vary the av rage power is 1 to hold the pulse width constant. but change the ie cycle period. This produces an exponential cha cycle time or in the applied power as frequency is changed. This is shown in the graphs on the right for a low-to-high and a high-to-low frequency cl Low to high frequency, fixed width pulsesProgrammable Output Waveforms Peroe fariance (+) Pulse rate ots Time PWM sine wave PULSE WIDTH MODULATION We age power produced looks like a more complex wave form. This is called Pulse Width Modulation. We use this Jhnique to produce a power output waveform that looks like a sine wave, as shown above. also vary the width of the pulses so the 2 CUSTOM WAVEFORMS ‘This technique can be used to produce a wide variety of waveform types. The range is limited only by the ‘maximum pulse rate the unit can produce, and the mem: ory needed to describe it in the computer. Please contact Smith-Root if you have any special waveform that you would like us to implement ee Foe SETTING THE MODE SWITCHES ‘The table on the next page shows how 10 set the mode switches to produce any of the 256 available waveforms. ‘The entries shown in bold italics are the settings that have always been available on Smith-Root electrofishers. After using P.O.W. for a whl id that you have a few favorite settings. For example many people like 60Hz at 6ms, which would be semting J8, The wave- forms are selected via switch settings. so they can be ‘easily repeated by other field personnel. Note that three marked custom. These settings are available you will fi aveforms you may wish to program F have us program for you.Programmable Output Waveforms Standard Pulse Table (wien [doce 1 Sous tms 1 Sms [Sms 1 ams 1 Sma Gas 1 ome Tons] a ote for ae Tee Hz] a 3 ct sone T yoHz | 10H | torz | 10Hz | 10Hz | 10H2 T0Hz_| ee ime} = avi ore 20k re 20k Teas Sone [ sor ania ao “sore | ACT aos ore Taos [ebb 0Ke aoe ene ash Teor Some | Sari sors Soe | Sov Solis | Sov | sone | sovis_| sor [sore ] Tone sora core[ sot 1 sorts [con Gone | ona sof | Soni [ashe | She Xl 7oH2 | 7oR2 | 7oH2 | 7oHz | 70H | 7OHz | 7OHz | 7H | 7OH | GoHz | SOHz | SOnz Tone (sora ona gots | Gora on enh sone aot [rove | sora shr_| MT sort sore 1 -s0He | Sore | e0He | 90H: | s0Hz [soe | -GoHs | gore | 7OH2 | eoKe N || 100H2 | 10042 | 700Hz | 100Hz | 1002 | s00H2 | 100Hz | 100H2 | 100H2 | 90H | 6OHz | 70KZ Oo tore rove ror nok Howe [arora ode (tore [tions [00H |“soHs [Bom || Bo [agora [soe | y20ke 1 20H | 120He | 120 | 120He | 120K [20H | THOHe | 100K | SORE J] Note: Setings avaliable on previous electrotisners are in Bold Italic. Tein fc nese] | eS 51 SOHE 65H | TOR | TSH Narrow to Wide Varying Width Pulses co Te Wine, ear ve Toate Pecos ieees [mes |e eee ace lope) fa cele gael arielaxalaielenalana|aon/sra| (CET sie aoe fas Sone Sra apr Sora Sons sons srr Tora | Tora leore: [esr [oo Varying Frequency; Fixed Width Pulses = | S ‘ms ams | me | 6me | Ime Gated Bursts of Pulses Tomer of pubes m burst Ine wae, ms between, TSH bute ale ] ae o a a ean iets 3 Doe a | PWM Sine Waves and Custom Wave Forms ~ “amg average, =me variance, GON oulse role as fal aseeamee| eS 10045 Cason | 06 | es GdBYE) (ELK 7 Standard Pulse Table t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 dL 12 [osm [iste [sme [ase | isne [ast | astie [isn | ise | 1st | ise | 15He | 201 [zon [ zone | 202 | 20m | 20rz | 20riz | zone | 20K | 20H | ome | 20n2 = ‘25Hz | 25Hz | 25Hz | 25Hz | 2sHz | 25Hz | 2sHz | 25Hz | 2SHz | 25Hz | 25Hz 30H | 30Hz | 30He | 30H2 | 30Hz | 30Hz | 30Hz | sore | 30m | 30mz | cone | sore “40H2 | 402 | 40H2 | 40Hz | 40Hz [aon | sone | 40nz | 40ne | 35Hz | sr | 35He S0Hz | S0Hz | 50H2 | somz | soHz | Son | Sort | Some | sonz | 40nz | soz | aor: GHz | 60Hz | 6OHz | oottz | con | ooriz | ona | Gonz | Gore | Sorz | 4stiz | 45Hz Tone | 70Hz | 70Hz | Tore | 7oHz [one | 7oHz | Tone | Toe | Gore | sore | SoHz 80H | 80Hz | 802 | S0H2 | S0Hz | soHz | SoHz | Boz | 80Hz | T0He | cOHz | S5Hz 90Hz | 90Hz | 90Hz | 90Hz | 90H2 | 90Hz | 90Hz | O0H2 | 902 | 80Hz | 70Hz | 6OHe TOR | 100Hz | Tok | tooHz | ior: | 10H | 10oH2 [Toor | Toor | sor | soi | 7one TiOHz | 11OHz | WoHz | 1oHz | 110He | 1i0He | 110 | 110H2 | 10H | 100He | Sone | Bore 120Hz | 120Hz | 12082 | 120Hz | 120He | 120He | 120K | 120A | 120H2 | 10H | 10H | 90H ‘Note: Settings available on previous electrofishers are in BOLD. 3] ||) |r|] [2] sto] oe | > Wide to Narrow Varying Width Pulses 1010 Ims, 2 second sweep 5 to Ims, 2 second sweep ATB]cCIDIE|F[G/HII|s|K[LIM|N[O|P Tsiia [20H [25H | 30He | 35Hlz [40H [45H | S0Hz |S5He | 60F2 | OSH | T0He | 15H | B0Fe [85H | O02 Narrow to Wide Varying Width Pulses 1 to 10ms, 2 second sweey c D 3s [one , Fixed Width Pulses 60 to 1SHz, 2 second swee} Gvlulifs[xk][i_[mM[nN|[o]P “Fs | Sms [| ims | 2ms | 3ms | ams [ Sms | ms | 7ms | 8ms Gated Bursts of Pulses Number of pulses in burst, Ims wide, 2ms between, [SHz burst rate c D E F G u_] 3 @ 7 8 o PWM Sine Waves and Custom Wave Forms ‘4ms average, 3ms variance, GOHz pulse rate I J K L M N Q P 16 |__025rz_[_ 050ne Toonz [ 2.00H2 | Custom | Custom | Custom DCManual CONTENTS 1. Principles of Elecurofishing 1. Introduction to Electrofishing. 2 Response of Fish 1a 3 Water Conduetiv 4 Low Conductivity 6 High Conductivity Water Fish Conductivity Ph Sli te 2. Types Of Current... a1 Alternating Curent... 2.2 Direct Current... a Pulsed Direct Current... 2.4 Response of Fish to DCFields Electrode Desi 3.1 Electrode 3.2 Ring Electrects... 3.3 Cathodes soto 4, Field TECHNIQUES rence 41 Ww i eet 4.2 Boats, 5 Night Fishing ’ 44 Suprise - 4.5 Clarity and Depth 46 Vegetation, ALT Water VEIO SHY sons Smith-Root, Inc. 14014 ALE. Salmon C-eek Averue “Vancouver, WA, 98836 Electrofishing boa1. Principles of Electrofishing 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROFISHING For many years it has been known that fish react 10 electric current passed through water. Elect used for fishing in 1863 when 2 British patent was gr ed, Major efforts 10 appiy electricity as a tool in fish management did not occur uml after 1950. Since then detailed st al y was first ant- ies have been made on the physiol $s of electricity on aquatic org: isms. 1.2 RESPONSE OF FISH TO ELECTRICITY To collect fish by el electrified zone of sufficient amplitude to stun fish, In the fishing circuit shown in trical means we must create an basic el we}. current is passed between submerged electrodes. A fish betw. these electrodes forms part of a closed circuit and some current flows through its body, ‘The effectiveness of the electrofisher is affected by a, The conductivity of the water b. The conductivity of the fish ¢. The size of the fish 4. The water temperature e. The conductivity of the stream or lake bed Ehcvoce - sv — Figure 1 O14 se7e9%0 The basic electrofishing ors circuit Figure 2, 00mm Electric field patterns caused by fish, 2. Eaual conucimies If these environmental factors are too far out of line, poor electrofishing will result. To some extent the effects of changes in conductivity may be compensated for by changing the output voltage 4.3 WATER CONDUCTIVITY ‘The conductivity of the water and that of the fish's Flesh are the main factors that affect elestrofishir ‘The conductivity of water depends on the quantity of dissolved salts and minerals in the water. The con- ductivity of potable waters in the United States ranges from 20 to 2,000 mhofem. Sufficient current at realistic power levels will flow through water in this range to electrofish successfully Figure 2 illustrates the field patterns caused by the presence of a fish in water. In (a) no distortion is caused by the presence of the fish. In low conductivity water, (b), the distortion of the electric field is such that the voltage near the fish is less than it was before The reverse is true in (c) where the water conductivity is ‘more than that of the fish. In this case the distortion is caused by the current concentrating in the water sur- rounding the fish. In both (b) and (c) no: as much power is transferred into the fish's body as in (a). fish was present 1.4 LOW CONDUCTIVITY WATER, Distilled water is a very good insulator. It has @ con- ductivity range of 0.5 to 5.0 umho/em. If @ normal voltage nt will flow. is applied in distilled water, very lice cui Power flow is 100 low to be effective for electrofishing. lectrotishing:Manwat 4.baer) The fraction of rough a fish decreases as the water conductivity decreases. To get the response from fish. the current can be maintained by plied volta or by Keeping the resistance constant. If a higher voltage is used. up to 1.200 volts may be ssaty. High voltages create three problems. special trical equipment is required. safety is reduced for the operators. and conditions are lethal for fish close 10 electrodes, The resistance can be kept constant by increasing the size of the electrodes. The only limitations to this are the availability of larger el trode that can be handled by the operator. It is not ni ivity decreases. As the conductivity decreases 10 @ rodes, and the weight of elec: sary 10 Keep current constant as con- «the current may be dropped to one third of its inal value. This requires increasing the voltage by a factor of three. or increasing the electrode size 10 get the same effect, or a combination of both 1.5 HIGH CONDUCTIVITY WATER High water conductivity is over 2.000 mhoiem. If a is applied, most current will flow through the leet high volt resistance and bypasses water and the fish will hard) current follows the path of ie the fish completely. Therefore use low voltages and high currents, Currents as ss 60 amps are common. the limiti factor bei the rati cor. Smith-Root ful Model 1 stranded. «© PP with 2 62 andi Very pol amp output, Cables a example. Striped Bass brood stock: Another solution to high conductivity could be 10 keep the elect wack densities near the anode. Some brackish water and industrial waste water hat cond Here 0 ies over 10.000 ymhoier, reached where the generator is unat Jiver enough ne! Blectrofishing Manual dient to stun fi Waters in this range require impractical power levels and cannot be electrofished effectively. 1.6 FISH CONDUCTIVITY A fish will receive the maximum shock through its body when the conductivity of the water the same as the Vity of the fish's flesh. Unfortunately. ti rarely the case Fish flesh conductivity ranges from 500 to 1.500 umhoiom. Each species has a different conductivity. This, affects their susceptibility to electric current. Conductivities for some fish species are: Trout £280 prnaiem Perch (088 urmoem car 870 ummoiom Geucgeon 34 ymnatem vier 1967 FISH SIZE Among fish of the same species and of similar si small variations in their sensitivity to electric currents ed. more sensitive 10 electri may be n erally however, the la ish are I currents. Fish absorb power as a function of body surf wea in the water. This is an important thing to + if you are shocking for small fish and large fish are also present. The large fish are going to receive a much greater shock than the small fis, 1.8 TEMPERATURE Hig) In addition th temperatures cause higher water conductivity conductivity of fish decreases with water temperature, ss reported for Carp: 20 pmbovem o 1.880 pmolem 1" 1.409 prnhotem a 975 proto 508 umnotem 1.9 SUBSTRATE Certain bottom substrates will conduct electrical current. These w fen the electric field in the wate making fish capture less effective iPaiute} 4.10 ADJUSTING THE VOLTAGE the effects of the- can be reduced. hrough the water is directly related to the voltage applied. The higher the voltage, the ‘When adjusting the output voltage the major con- sideration is the power being used. This is especially true for battery powered electrofishers. Power is equal 10 the voltage times the current, When figuring the power for an electrofisher. the fact that itis usual putting out pulsed DC must be taken into consideration. The instantaneous power during a pulse may be quite high, but if the elec- trofisher is only producing pulses at a 25% duty cycle, average power would be approximately 25% of the in- stantaneous power. 2. Types of Current 2.1 ALTERNATING CURRENT ‘Alternating Current (AC) isthe erm given t cal current in which the direction of current flow reverses 4 specified number of times per second. When a fish enters an AC field of sufficient strength, it takes a position transverse to the electrical field lines ‘The fish attempts 10 face the anode and cathode suc cessively. in rhythm with the AC current When the AC field strength reach ls, tetany occurs and i is stunned threshold for its equently strong contractions of the body muscles make the fish fee! when they are netted for examination. When using al- ust be taken nor 10 use t00 high 2 fish may be killed. The muscular voltage or the la fractured and brain dam: ‘The only successful AC electrofishing is in water of ns are sometimes so severe that vertebrae are ow conductivity and with small fish 2.2 DIRECT CURRENT Direct Current (DC) is the term given to electric current that flows only in one direction. The current flows from the negative electrode (cathode) to the pos ive electrode (anode) Coed ‘The reaction of fish to direct current is quite different from their re: lernating current. The first 1 action of the fish 1s to tum toward the anode and start 10 swim toward it: this reaction is known as gaivanotaxis. tion {0 ‘The fish is compelled to swim toward the anode until it to stun it. Beit reaches an electrical field stro stunned is called galvanonarcosis. The severe muscle ish recover much faster. Mortality rate is much lower with contractions caused by AC do not occur. und the direct current. 2.3 PULSED DIRECT CURRENT Even greater anode attraction is possible with pulsed Pulsed direct current is made by inter- rupting steady DC with an electronically controlled switch, The switch gives several on-off pulses per second. he number of pulses per second (pulse frequency) and 1s on Giffer- ent species of fish. Puise frequencies can be important 10 direet current the on time (pulse width) have different ef produce the desired galvanotaxis reaction. Research has shown that a pulse shape with a fast rise ind slow decay ‘enhances the galvanotaxis reaction. 2.4 RESPONSE OF FISH TO DC FIELDS ‘The electric field in a body of water can be broken into three separate areas. The outer peripheral area has a ‘weak electrical field that frightens the fish, causing them to bolt or penetrate deeper into cover, The next area. loser to the electrodes, has @ stronger electrical field. but enough to stim the fish. In this area, the involuntary action will occur and the fish will swim to: wards the anode. The innermost area has the strongest d sh's orientation affects its trical field, and the fish within irare immobili Figure 3 shows how a across field lines typically wm to- With fish facing the anode. inhibited m galvanonarcosis. and tetanus. creases, the fish exhibi galvanotaxis with increases. the fish exbil ish facing the cathode. as current-strengih jerky body movements, half-turning towards the anode. and texanus. Cel CyElectrofishing Fisn facing tn eathose Fan tacing ine anode Zone A lnaforence Zena naterence Zone ® Inequar movements | Zone leatererce Zone Caos gavarcizns | ZoneC lables sweening Zone D Hat owas anase | 2oneD Forces swenmrg Zone Tetanus Zane € Gaharenseass 2one F Tewrus Zone F Peeveotecas sw ‘Anooe Tearus nose Tetanus Figure 3. Fish reactions around a DC anode. 3. Electrode Design voltage and current distribute ‘odes is complex. Figure 4 The way in wi around electrofisher elec ated by a pair of closely spaced them. shows the field ps electrodes. and the volt Note that the current densi highest near the elec The dimensions of gradient betw and volt gradient are trodes are ver in determining the voltage distribution around fisher electrodes. Figure 5 compares 2 10c: ring anode carrying 200 volts in open water. The cathode imension is considered 10 be infinite, Note that the 2Gem anode reaches out much further, producing a 33 volt potential at 1.2 meter, But the 10cm anode produces the same potential at only 0.6 meter from the electrode. wre 6 further illustrates the effect of electrode diameter. The voltage is applied head-to-tail 10 a 20cm, — Distnce Figure 4, The field pattern, and the vs ‘between two electroges. lon of sracient Duta rom elector Figure 5. Comparison of two sizes of anode. ‘March 1993 Grae beaPasi) wn ( Web eaasean Perse tr zoom | 200 10g soso LA Distance tom eectose coters (meters) Figure 6. Comparison of effects of two sizes of anode. Jong fish. The applied voltage is 200 volts with 10cm and 20cm elec- 20cm diameter ring-electrodes. Note that th trode reaches out farther, producing 7 volts head-to-tail between 1.0 and 1.2 meter from the electrode; as opposed to only 4 volts for the smaller electrode at the same dis- tance, Note also that the voltage the fish receives closer 10 the electrode is less for the larger electrode (100 volts volts). Larger electrode thus offers two advantages: greater range, and lower maximum gradient. instead of 14: One drawback is that a larger electrode also has greater circuit loadin; the same voltage (twice as much for the double size electrode). Thus, a larger electrode requires a larger gen- erator. This dictates a practical upper limit on size for 2 given generator and water conductivity. Except for this limitation, the larger the electrode, the better the fishing effectiveness and the easier itis on the fish shows that larger electrodes increase the fish and thus draws more current for .ctrode Figure collection area, The shaded areas have a volt gradient and are suitable for between 0.12 and I.2 voles per electrofishing. The applied voltage is 300 volts. ey Figure 7. Larger anodes increase the fishing area. 3.1 ELECTRODE BEHAVIOR The following points describe the behavior of elec trode systems, and suggest the imponant physical dimensions that govern performance: 1, Larger electrodes have lower resistance. need more iven voltage. reach our farther, and have lower maximum volt dient. Small electrodes pose a hazard to fish because of high current density and voltage gradient. Jectrodes placed farther apart use less current, but the savings are not large. 4. The resistance of an electrode varies in direct pro- portion to water resistivity RING ELECTRODES Once spacin; electrodes is insignificant exceeds 10 radii the cistance between 2. The region affected by the electrode is limited to 5 to 10 radii 3. Electrode resistance is primarily dependent on elec: trode radius. and varies in inverse proportion 10 jor diameter of the 4. For ring electrodes. the cross s matei ass section diamet al is of I importance. If the ratio of to ring radius is held constant. ee eal ospare 3.3 CATHODES: In electrofishing .dient around the anode. and a low voltage around the cathode. is desirable to have a high voltage radient we 8 shows variation of voltage, as a function of the distance from the fishing anode, for three types of cathode. It shows that it is advantageous to have the potential of the water as near as possible 10 that of the cathode The required voltage is reduced by diminishing the resistance of the cathode field. This compensates for the reduced resistance so that the current does not vary. The power consumption is directly proportional 10 the voltage used. One advantage of 2 large cathode is that the risk of accidental electrocution is much reduced. A large catb- ode has very low potential with respect 10 the soil and the water around it, The resistance between the cathode and the water is halved each time the surface of the cathode is doubled. For example, a 100 square foot 100 square foot added to than cathode would need anothe: pass from 9 to 4.5 ohm. However a cathode la 100 square feet would be inconvenient to handle for rofishing, Cathode indertical to snace: 600V. 6.3kW 0 Tone wie ov sae 2 4 6 ar Distance Irom center af anoge (eters) Figure 8, Variation of voltage for three kinds of anode. ee) Cr bod Figure 9 compares small and a large cathodes. With standard grid cathode, the anode voltage fails distinctly from 324 to 265 volts when using 1wo anodes, However, with a very lary Jing cathode efficiency falls only slightly volts when using wo anodes For shore-side presents the parts placed several meters apart, An ¢! coffe ample, a 3%12' strip is more effective than 2 square of 6x6. Figure 10 illustrates the variation in both voltage and operations, the cathode surfa resistance when itis divided .mto several trode is more fe when its form is least concentrated. For ex- sradient between the electrodes. Siandare 0.5m Lage wire idcatnoge tone) bw | cone | two nose | anages | nage | anodes Resistance ons of eae s | os 3 8 anode fies 0 | 80 2 | 9 between anoge and estnose| 125 |S we | ss Potential ateregce vos Deimeen cathode ana water | 125 a aeimeen anoge ana water | 328 we | om a 32588 Curent amos 60 Power lowats zag Figure 8. Comparison of two sizes of cathode. wo00 - f l \ ¥ Figure 10. Variation of potential and gradient,Whenever possible. the cathode should be placed in pants of the stream that you do not wish to fish, or even in ed from the stream itself. The parts completely sep: anode should never be allowed to come close to where the cathode is located. Boat Cathodes, Many aluminum electrofishing boats use the boat bull as the cathode and the boom electrodes as the anode. This is perfectly safe as long as you never come in contact with the anode and complete the elecirieal circuit. The National Safety Council in their data sheet #1-696-85 does not recommend using the boat hull as the cathode, but we have yet to hear of any accidents occurring be- Figure 11 shows a Smith-Root ote barge designed for stream wading operations. Note the large cathode plate to the bottom of the fiberglass hull. The anode is in diameter attache air of ring electrodes about 28m (11 mounted on fiberglass poles. With this arrangement, the resistance of the anode pair is four times the cathode resistance. Thus. four times as much voltage appears in the anode field as in the cathode field, and consequently 80% of the applied voltage appears at each electrode. Cathode piate Pulsator Figure 11, Bottom-mounted cathode plate on SR-6, he: The situation could be further improved by enlat: ine cathode. but a point of diminishing returns is reached. Doubling the cathode size would halve the cathode re. sistance and give an 8 to | ratio between anode and cathode resistance. Now 88% at the anode. This is only an 8% improvement, and is not worth the additional physical problems associated with the larger cathode. ‘The SR-6 field tested with 1wo 28cm anodes and a voltage of 240 volts. showed good fishing effectiveness in 400 mho conductivity with a current of 3 to 4 amperes. In lower conductivities of 40 ymho, a current of 1 10 1.5 amp is effective. This bench-mark to judge whether a unit is operating under conditions such that fish should be caught. Ifthe electrical performance is close 10 this reference point, and fish ai not being caught. itis safe 10 conclude there are few fish in the area of the voltage would appear may serve as a useful 4. Field Techniques An operator ¢ float. depending upon the depth and swiftness of the water, ged in electrofishing must wade or 4.4 WADING In shallow slow-moving waters the operators can wade and probe the anode into likely fish kabitat. Wading upstream eliminates the effects of turbidity caused by bottom sediment. Furthermore, if collections are for food od prey are not swept downstream and habitat study, stun consumed by predators. Fish that manage to escape are ofien captured a short distance downstream, Clo stream with seine nets at each end of the study area helps prevent the loss of stunned and frightened fish 4.2 BOATS Boat electrofishers are used in lakes and in streams that are 100 deep oF swift t wade. Boats have the ad vantage of being able 10 cary large generators and holding tanks for the stunned fish. Electrofishing typically have 1wo insulated booms extending from the boats bow, From the end of the booms electrodes hang into the Cet ee raElectrofishing ually one boom is used as the anode and the ther as the cathode, The boat operator guides the boat in y habitat. and out of the shore while the electrofishi tivates the electrofisher when approaching lik 4.3 NIGHT FISHING 3 with ts is five to ten times more effective than daytime fishing, especially in lukes. sms the reflection of the spotlight on the ruffled ce makes the fish difficult 10 see. Boats have flood ‘the fish and (o help locate Electrofishi s on the bow to at stunned fish 4.4 SURPRISE Collecting can be enhanced by ment of introducing the ele ‘The d often frightens surprise through intermittent fishin: imtensity of the anode’s peripheral fish. causing them 10 bolt and hide. De not work with the power on continuously, but turn it on only in likely hab- itats. Fish can be vy cover or ice by inserting a ponable anode, turning the power on. and withdrawing the anode slowly and smoothly. Fish will follow the snode, anotaxis. into the open where they can be netted ‘ed from under areas of under the influence of 4.8 CLARITY AND DEPTH Clarity of the water limits the ease of capturing fish: isibility of the h of the dip net handles sh limit the depth of effective electrofishis -annot be sampied effectively For daytime fishing polarized su sses help in locating stunned fish 4.8 VEGETATION Aquatic vegetation grows bewer from cenain sub- strates and can hinder electrofishing by fouling electrodes and entangling stunned fish 4.7 WATER VELOCITY n flow n stil] water, since fish are swept away from the electric fificult. Also. itis water. and operators can loose jeld and netting is more ore dif {o See a fish in fast flow their footing. Flow:Electrofishing Safety CONTENTS 1. Electrofishing Safety Seer 11 Sate Fishing... wou DeL 12 al Shock. Del 3 Electric Dl 4 Planning fr Saf D2 5 Backpack Saf D2 § Boat Safety LF Do's and DOM ts mesma min eines D3 hs ~~ Smith-Root, Inc. |) 101d NE. Salmon Cree avenue «vancouver, WA. 98685Poe Ltd 1, Electrofishing Safety 1.1 SAFE FISHING Electrofishing equipment uses voltages and currents, that can be lethal to humans. The operators must always keep in mind that the chance of receiving an electrical shock is multiplied in or near water. Using an electro- fisher is like using a firearm: if used properly and with good judgment it is perfectly safe; lose respect for it and you can Jose your life! Electrical equipment used in a moist field environ- ‘ment is always subject to deterioration that could lead to ectrical shock. Field equipment is also sub- jected to vibration and impact during transporting and ‘while in operation. Often equipment shared by different crews does not receive proper maintenance or @ complet checkout. Follow the safery guidelines, and use good common sense to handle unforeseen circumstances. ‘All personnel involved in electrofishing should be taught the fundamentals of electricity, and have an under- standing of the safety requirements. ‘The most important factor in electrofishing efficiency and safety is the training and experience of the crew. At Jeast two members of the crew should be qualified to administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation, AS oppor tunities arise, all crew members should atend a course in basic life-support raini dangerous 1.2 ELECTRICAL SHOCK Its the current that passes through the human body that does the damage. The voltage is relevant. because it is the force that “pushes” the Experiments show that 20 to 500 Hz AC current is more angerous than DC. or higher frequencies of AC. The voltages used ear cause death ay one of three means: Ventricular Fibilation iment through the Body. elecuofishi Ventricular fibrillation is uncoordinated contraction of the muscles of the heart. The hear quivers rather than beats. Electrical current through the chest can cause this, condition. Once a person goes into ventricular fibrillation. 1s t0 use a defibrillator the only way 10 stop the quiveri eed that applies 2 pulse shock to the chest 10 restore heart Thythm. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation may help to keep 2 victim alive until he can be defibrillated. Respiratory Arrest ‘The respiratory center is at the base of the skull. Thus, shocks to the head can cause the breathing to stop. Artificial respiration by the mouth-to-mouth method should be used in this case. Asphyxia Asphyxia is caused by contraction of the chest mus- cles. When a current is above a certain level. a person cannot let of an electrically hot wire. Currents above this Jevel may not cause ventricular fibrillation. but may be enough to cause contraction of the chest muscies. Ifthe current is not stopped. or the victim is not removed from the point of electrical contact, result. Amlificial respiration or cardiopulmonary resuscitation may be necessary asphyxia will 1.3 PREVENTING ELECTRICAL SHOCK Electricity needs to have 8 complete electrical circuit in order for current to flow. The only way that you can get shocked is if you become thi complete the circuit. The current flows from the cathode sical Jectrical conductor to to the anode through the water. The water is the conductor. If you touched both the anode and the cathode you would become an electrical conductor and complete the circuit path and get a severe electrical shock. If you ‘were 10 touch only one of the electrodes, you would not WARNING: Touching any electroce is not rec ommended. Unless all conductive objects you come into contact with are connected to the same electrode, you will bbe shocked to find a current path that is not obvious. ¢.2.. tne water, or the boat, lecirical shock means preventing elect cal current from entei ing and flowing through parts of body. The skin is a partial but variable barr offers resistance to the passage of electrical current skin, and dey Tough skin nas more resistance than ten; Cee DAElectrofishing Safety skin more then wet skin, Bus tough dry skin alone does not offer enough protection for electrofishing. Rubber ineman's gloves. rated $.000v minimum should always be worn, while wearing rubber gloves and waders, never -ctrode while . Do not work on the electrical system while th e circuit is energized. ator is running. Do not enter the water while the current is on during boom shocking operations. A severe electrical shock from electrofishing gear > artificial respiration: therefore ‘may result in the need is imperative that no o To prevent electrical shock all electrical equipment should fully inspected before each field operation, With all electrical equipment in good operating condition, bonding. ané connec- ver works alone and all insulation, junction boxes ss danger of receiving an 1.4 PLANNING FOR SAFETY Never leewofish alone! minimum of wo proper trained people are required for every electrofishing 2. A crew leader shall be appointed for all elec- urofishing. The erew leader is responsible for the safety of ine crew. and the enforcement of all safety regulations The crew leader. and at least one additional crew member.shall recei resuscitation (CPR), and Fi All electrofishing oe: fundamentals of electricity and safety Jectrofisher raining in cardiopulmonary 1 Aid. sonnel shall recei Check your efore ‘ensure that i is in good working order, ‘Tum off your electrofisher before making any con- nections or part replacements. When not in use. and when transpi when ther at the anode. Do not make any field modifications 10 your fisher withor writen approval from ed ee) Blectrotishing Safety Use oniy dip nets with insulated handles. ‘Wear personnel flotation devices ‘Wear lineman’s gloves, rated 5.000 minirmurn, Never reach into the water in vicinity of an electrode, even if rubber gloves are being worn, 14, Take frequent breaks. Stress and fatigue endanger the 1.5 BACKPACK SAFETY L. Before each operation check the frame emergency release is in working and check that the silt switch shuts off power if the unit is tipped more than 45° 2. Wear hip boots or chest-high waders, with non-skid soles, Wear polarized sunglasses to help you detect sub-surface hazards and obstacles. Beware of turbid water that can hi sudden drop-offs 4. Shut off your electrofisher a stream, 5. Do not operate an anode pole when carrying 2 back pack unit weighing more than 20 pounds when in hazardous conditions. 6. If you get excess water in boots. waders. or gloves, stop work immediately and get dry clothing Operate slowly and carefully poor. and most falls often occur when unseen sub-surface obstacles and fore entering or leaving Footing in most 8 BOAT SAFETY Ground the generator 10 the boat hull Be sure that all the metal pars on the boat ire bonded tw each other electrically Run all cables thro heavy-duty rubber Lor use 2 recommended for covered cord wet locations, 4. Make all electrical connections in water-tight june Each dip netter should have his own foot switeh control the output hey shoul off switch of the bos operator. bbe wired in series and with the em: When wading with 2 boat, waders should be worn, even if the water is very shallow. An operator maybe Se RTS tip and end up in a kneeling or sitting position in the water and receive a shock. 6. All crew members must be alert. Operators who control the power switch must be constantly aware of the netters in the electrical field. 1.7 DO'S AND DON'TS Do's: 1, Always be sure that all personnel are clear of the electrodes before tuming on the power. 2. Know how to administer first aid treatment for elec- trical shock 3. Wear flotation ces 4. Have electrical circuits checked only by qualified lechnici Disconnect the power supply when the electrofisher Don’t even think about it! is not in use, Don't Don’t electrofish alone! Don’t continue to electrofish if your boots or gloves 1 3. Don’t operate an electrofisher if you have had any prior 4, Don’t operate generators without covers or screens Doi ant ailments operate generators without a spark arresterModel 12 Paris Identification CONTENTS E . N.E, Satmon Cepek Avenue km Smith-Root, inc. Ee \ sone cower. W2, 8B6B5,Pate ATi eyTt a ees Item Line# Description 1542 BackPack trame without battery older 2 9936 Packboard without battery holder or trame + 3 Electrofisher nousing 4 ce aacal 1 4-Pin circular receptacte 6 Banery holaer fi 7 &-Pin plug 8 ‘ower cable 10 battery wio plug 1 8 Lavi 1 10 POW Wavetorm Table 1 omens) ed aySite esCM ey eo ree ad Eseee) 3487. Electrofisner noust 2 1144 Mallory Sonaier 3 Power ON/OFF cecal 25 amp circull breaker 12.amp nour battery Waist belt back: Over center latch Shoulder strep ery Cee adPRS CMe eed 7 LD oeiiecd Ch hho E23 CaPiers BME RE Or lle Bag Cea lio!eM) ok) fofe) [MPRA Reus Be le eM Hem Line# Description 1 1086 1045 1047 3564 3297 2074 2018 294 3938 1378 2026 2885 2960 2 piece 6 foot pole with cord and 11" ring 2 piece 8 foot pole with core and 11" ring 1 piece 6 foot pole with cord and 11" ring 6° anooe ring 11" anode ring Diamond anode ring 1 piece 6 toot aip net pole 2 piece 6 foot dip net pole 2 piece 9 f00t dip net pole Cat whisker anode Heavy cuty dip net Tear drop dip net Rat tail pull behing cathode “Tigger snap (strain reli! of cathode} ee cd aty =aHandle, Ring, and Coil Cord Parts fa) NOTE: To order complete J coil cord assembly -— use this numberHandle, ‘O’ Ring, and:Coil Cord Parts List ftem Line# Description aty 1 0000 Moiced nandle for reed switcn 1 2 1703 Reed switen 3. 3065 Round rod magnet 4 0000 Molded handle fo el 6 .gnet 1823 _Liguid-tight connector 1653. Coil cord: 14" 1 1019 4-pin plug 1 1804 Cable clamp 1 2086 Rubber bushing 8 3295 Complete replacement coil cord assem, 9 0000 “O" Ring 2 piece pole seal, min, of 2 2 ers) eee ay EyQuick Release Parts List a) i Cee Eoae ma tae} References The following are books. research fishin rs. and other The i references on various asp 1s of and findings presented in them form the basis for much of the curre are books contain rofishing today, The first 1wo ation of research paper commonly referred 10 for ele and are the works mos fishing information LG. Cow and P, Lamarque. 1990. “Fish Electricity-—Applications in Freshwater x.” Fishing News Books, Black Scientific Publications Lid. ISBN 0-8523 L.G. Cowx. 1990 Fishing News Books. Blackwell Scientific Publications Lid. ISBN 0. 166-2 Developments in alley L.E. Newman, 1991 “Spinal Injuries of ¥ Caused by Pulsed DC lectrofishing.” U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Office of Fishery Assist Ashiand, Wisconsin 4. W.Fredenberg, 1992 “Evaluation of Ek induced Spinal Injuries Result ofishing- 1 from Field Electrofishi Montana Studies in Mont Deparment of Fish, Wild fe and Parks. Ce N.G. Shar Influence of Electrofish: sss Pulse Shape on Spina. Inyuties in Adult Rainbow Trou North American Journal o sment. 8: 117+ Fisheries Man: D..W. Novotny and G. R. Pri for Portable Dix Bulletin No, Sl. Depa 1971 rofishi A Guideline + Current EI Technic ment of Natural Resources Fish Laboratory. Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Co! ado. A Biblio: q M. Burd: graphy of, and G, Goodchild. 1988 Ministry of Naw in. Queen's Park. Resources, Fisheries Bra Ontario, CanadaANNUAL BACK PACK ELECTROFISHER SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST UNIT ID# MNR# Make Model Owner/Operator Location Inspection Date Inspected by Log Book: Up to date Yes No ‘Manual Present: Yes No ELECTROFISHER Controls and gauges operational 1 2. High voltage checks done 3. Adequate protection of wiring 4. Adequate connectors and interlocking 5. Unit checked and overhauled by manufacturer in last two (2) years (check log book) 6. Audible tone generator working 7. High voltage flashing light working 8. “KILL SWITCH” working 9. Anode switch and mereury tlt switch working —— 10. Wiring to anode in good condition —— 11. Anode in good condition fastened securely ——— 12.No screens or nets attached to anode —— 13. Anode handle of non-conductive material 14, Bantery fully charged, terminals clean —— _15.Gel cell type banery —— 16.Cathode cable in good condition —— 17. Cathode clean and secured tightly 18. BackPack frame in good condition 19. Quick release mechanism of BackPack frame working GENERATOR/ALTERNATOR (where applicable) 1. Electrical connections secure and protected 2. Mountings secure 3. Exhaust directed away from operator 4. Frame properly grounded to earth [| —— 5. Unitelectrically bonded/connected to frame —— 6. Engine serviced to date/oil changed —— 7. Engine clean and no oil or gas leaks ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT 1. Protective hand and head gear for max. crew members Dip net handles made of non-conductive material First aid kit present - fully replenished Gas containers - regulation style Fire extinguisher - present - correct type - fully charged (where applicable) weeSmith-Root, Inc. 14014 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA