250

500
750
1000
1250
1500

2.45
4.9
7.36
9.81
12.26
14.71

Iz

-0.49
-0.98
-1.472
-1.962
-2.452
-2.942

-0.245
-0.49
-0.736
-0.981
-1.226
-1.471

theo
xx1 (Mpa) at x = xx2 (Mpa) at x =
50mm
150mm
3.127
1.564
6.254
3.127
9.395
4.697
12.522
6.261
15.649
7.824
18.776
9.388

4.747627E-10
Axial Strain
P(g)
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500

xx1 () +

P(N)
2.45
4.9
7.36
9.81
12.26
14.71

L
46
91
138
183
228
274

0.49
0.98
1.472
1.962
-2.452
-2.942

U
47
93
139
184
229
274

A
46.5
92
138.5
183.5
228.5
274

L
23
44
68
91
112
136

 xx1 (Mpa) at x =
50mm
2.89
5.73
8.62
11.42
14.22
17.05

expt

xx2 (Mpa) at x
= 150mm
1.43
2.80
4.26
5.66
6.97
8.46

50
150
250

3.127247
6.254493
9.394504
12.52175

train
xx2 () U
23
46
69
91
112
136

A
23
45
68.5
91
112
136

1.563623
3.127247
4.697252
6.260875

0
0
0
0

15.649 7.824498
18.77624 9.388122

0
0

2.893674 1.43128
5.725119 2.80033
8.618793 4.262724
11.41912 5.662889
14.21945 6.96971
17.0509 8.463219

0
0
0
0
0
0

4.75E-10

6.222955E+10

(-) VL (mm)
P(g)
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500

P(N)
2.45
4.9
7.36
9.81
12.26
14.71

0.42
0.87
1.31
1.74
2.17
2.62

0.44
0.88
1.31
1.74
2.18
2.62

0.43
0.875
1.31
1.74
2.175
2.62

P(g)
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500

P(N)
2.45
4.9
7.36
9.81
12.26
14.71

L
46
90
137
182
227
275

Graph 1: Load (P) vs Vertical End Deflection (VL)

f(x) = 5.6169839604x + 0.015766127

Load P against vertical deflection VL

Linear (Load P against vertical deflection VL )

Linear (Load P against vertical deflection VL )

Linear (Load P against vertical deflection VL )

Linear (Load P against vertical deflection VL )

Linear (Load P against vertical deflection VL )

Graph 2: Transverse Strain (zz) against Axial

f(x) = - 0.3170738685x - 0.0650950773

Transv

Linear
f(x) = - 0.3139825558x - 0.5864490214

Linear

Transv

Transv

Linear
f(x) = - 0.3139825558x - 0.5864490214

Linear

Transv

Linear

Linear

Graph 3: Load (P) against Axial Strain 1 (xx1

f(x) = 0.0534728147x + 0.0527527194

Load P against
Linear (Load P
Linear (Load P

Graph 4: Magnitude of longitudinal stresses, xx against

250g Theoretical

Linear (250g Theoretical)

Linear (250g Theoretical)

Linear (250g Theoretical)

Linear (250g Theoretical)

500g Theoretical

Linear (500g Theoretical)

Linear (500g Theoretical)

750g Theoretical

Linear (750g Theoretical)

Linear (750g Theoretical)

1000g Theoretical

Linear (1000g Theoretical)

Linear (1000g Theoretical)

1250g Theoretical

Linear (1250g Theoretical)

Linear (1250g Theoretical)

1500g Theoretical

Linear (250g Theoretical)

500g Theoretical

Linear (500g Theoretical)

Linear (500g Theoretical)

750g Theoretical

Linear (750g Theoretical)

Linear (750g Theoretical)

1000g Theoretical

Linear (1000g Theoretical)

Linear (1000g Theoretical)

1250g Theoretical

Linear (1250g Theoretical)

Linear (1250g Theoretical)

1500g Theoretical

Linear (1500g Theoretical)

Linear (1500g Theoretical)

250g Experimental

Linear (250g Experimental)

Linear (250g Experimental)

500g Experimental

Linear (500g Experimental)

Linear (500g Experimental)

750g Experimental

Linear (750g Experimental)

Linear (750g Experimental)

1000g Experimental

Linear (1000g Experimental)

Linear (1000g Experimental)

1250g Experimental

Linear (1250g Experimental)

Linear (1250g Experimental)

1500g Experimental

Linear (1500g Experimental)

Linear (1500g Experimental)

Axial Strain
xx1 () +

P(N)

250
500
750
1000
1250
1500

2.45
4.9
7.36
9.81
12.26
14.71

xx2 () -

U
45
90
137
182
228
275

A
45.5
90
137
182
227.5
275

L
22
44
68
90
111
134

U
22
44
67
90
110
134

A
-22
-44
-67.5
-90
-110.5
-134

ection (VL)

Iz
From slope of graph, P/VL
1E

vertical deflection VL )
vertical deflection VL )
vertical deflection VL )

against Axial Strain (xx)

864490214

P(g)

Transverse Strain 1 vs. Axial Strain 1

Linear (Transverse Strain 1 vs. Axial Strain 1)
Linear (Transverse Strain 1 vs. Axial Strain 1)
Transverse Strain 2 vs. Axial Strain 2

6.222955E+10
62.23

Transverse Strain 1 vs. Axial Strain 1

Linear (Transverse Strain 1 vs. Axial Strain 1)

864490214

Linear (Transverse Strain 1 vs. Axial Strain 1)

Transverse Strain 2 vs. Axial Strain 2
Linear (Transverse Strain 2 vs. Axial Strain 2)
Linear (Transverse Strain 2 vs. Axial Strain 2)

Strain 1 (xx1)

Load P against xx1

Linear (Load P against xx1 )
Linear (Load P against xx1 )

s, xx against x

Linear (250g Theoretical)

Linear (250g Theoretical)

500g Theoretical

Linear (500g Theoretical)

Linear (750g Theoretical)

1000g Theoretical

Linear (1000g Theoretical)

Linear (1250g Theoretical)

1500g Theoretical

500g Theoretical

Linear (500g Theoretical)

Linear (750g Theoretical)

1000g Theoretical

Linear (1000g Theoretical)

Linear (1250g Theoretical)

1500g Theoretical

Linear (1500g Theoretical)

Linear (250g Experimental)

500g Experimental

Linear (500g Experimental)

Linear (750g Experimental)

1000g Experimental

Linear (1000g Experimental)

Linear (1250g Experimental)

1500g Experimental

Linear (1500g Experimental)

Transverse Strain
ZZ1 () -

ZZ2 () +

14
30
44
58
72
87

14
29
44
58
72
86

-14
-29.5
-44
-58
-72
-86.5

6
14
22
28
35
42

7
15
21
28
35
43

6.5
14.5
21.5
28
35
42.5

4.747627E-10 m^4
5.6725 N/mm
5672.5 N/m
Pa
Gpa

2 Poisson's ratio using 1

Poisson's ratio using 2
average

0.32
0.3227
0.32135