Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Date: 4/11/09
Period: 1 day
Activity: Planning
Date: 10/11/09
Period: 1 day
Activity: Proposal presentation
Date: 11-12/11/09
Period: 2 day
Activity: Soil Analysis
soil sampling
determination of the texture of soil
determination of water content of soil
determination of organic matter content
determination of air content in soil
determination of soil pH
Date: 13-16/11/09
Period: 4 days
Activity: Determination of the types of
soil organisms
Date: 17-20/11/09
Period: 3 days
Activity: Determination of the density of
plant species in a habitat
quadrat sampling technique
sampling technique using line transect
Date:
Period: 1 day
Activity: Report presentation
Soil Analysis
1. Soil Sampling Technique
PS:How to obtain soil?
Apparatus:
Metal cylinder
Piston
Procedure:
a)Press the metal cylinder into the soil.
b)Using the piston, remove the soil sample
from the cylinder.
2. Determination of the texture of the soil
PS: How is the texture of the soil.
Apparatus:
› 500cm3 measuring cylinder
› 100cm3 soil sample
› 300cm3 water
Procedure
a) Add the soil sample to the measuring cylinder and cover
with water.
b) Shake the contents vigorously.
c) Allow the mixture to settle out, according to the density
and the surface area of particles, for 48 hours.
d) Measure the volume of various fractions of soil sample.
e)
f) Results Formula:
g) Calculate the percentage of stone, sand, and clay
components of the soil sample.
Results Formula:
Calculate the percentage of stone,
sand, and clay components of the soil
sample.
Tabulation
Component Weight of component (g) % of component
1 2 3 Average
Stone
Sand
Clay
3. Determination of water content of soil
Tabulation
Area pH
1 2 3 Average
Area A
Area B
Area C
Area D
Determination of the types of
soil organisms
Apparatus:
› Quadrats measuring 1m2
Procedure:
a)Systematic sampling procedure –
quadrats are placed at the same
intervals along transects which runs
across the investigated area at the
same intervals.
b)Random sampling procedure – using
random number table
Systematic distribution of Random distribution of
quadrats quadrats
Results:
› Student’s name: ___________________
› Date:___________________
› Habitat: __________________________
› Location/Place: ____________________
› Type of plant: ______________________
› Quadrat size: ______________________
Table of the data for the measurements of each
species cover in quadrat sampling
No. Species cover (base/air) in quadrat Total species Percentage
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 cover for 10 Cover (%)
quadrats
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Results formula:
2. Sampling method using line
transect
Apparatus:
› Rope (15.30 meters)
Procedure:
a)Determine a base line along the border of the
area under the investigation.
b)Choose a series of points along the base line
either randomly or systematically. These
points are used as the starting points for the
transects to run across the area being
investigated.
c)Record only the plants which touch the line as
seen vertically above or below the transect
line.
d)10 – 20 lines are placed randomly in the area to
provide enough samples to investigate the
community.
Results:
› Student’s name: ___________________
› Date: _________________
› Habitat: __________________________
› Location/Place: ____________________
Type of plant: _____________________
› Distance of each interval: ____________
› Total number of intervals: ___________
› Total length of line transect: __________
No Name of Species Number of interval
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Calculatethe frequency of a species
using the following formula:
Calculate
% of surface area cover of
each species
recorded.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3. Sampling method using
Belt transect
Apparatus:
› Strip of 0.5 width
Procedure:
› Run the strip trough the habitat by
setting up two line transects.
THANK YOU!!!
HAVE A NICE DAY.
(‘.^)V