a¼pdw Xeapd aS§nhcpt¼mÄ...

kenw sFZoZv

a¼pdw skbvZehn X§fpsS PohnXImew. Hcn¡Â At±lw Ft´m I¯n¡m³

{ian¡p¶Xv aIÄ ico^m kmd ImWm\nSbmbn. "F´mWv D¸m \n§Ä sN¿p¶sX'¶
tNmZy¯n\p "]mcntXmjnIambn e`n¨ Nne kz¯p¡fpsS tcJIfmWv
I¯n¡p¶sX'¶mbncp¶p skbvXehn X§fpsS adp]Sn. aIÄ ^m¯na A¶p
ssI¡p ]nSn¨p XSªt¸mÄ _m¡nbmb kz¯p¡fmWv ]n¶oSp a¼pdw kz¯p¡Ä
F¶ t]cn hnhn[ tZi§fnembn ]c¶pInS¡p¶sX¶mWv Ncn{Xw. A¡mZanIv
Ncn{XtcJIfn Cu kw`hw ImWnsænepw a¼pdw skbvZehn X§fpsS `uXnI
hncànbnte¡p hnc NqWvSp¶ \nch[n \pdp§pkXy§fnsem¶mWnXv. a¼pdw
skbvZehn X§sf Ipdn¨v AdnªXnepw IqSpXemWv Adnbm\pÅXv. KmÔnPn¡p ap¼v
\nIpXn\ntj[¯n\v Blzm\w \ÂInb shfnbt¦mSv DaÀJmkn, skbvZehn X§Ä
acn¨t¸mÄ Ime¯nsâ amXrIbpw Ckvemansâ shfn¨hpw AWªpsh¶p hne]n¨Xv
CXp a\Ênem¡n¯s¶bmWv.
{]Xm]¯nsâ sImSpapSnIfn hmgpIbpw {_n«ojpImtcmSv FXnÀ¯Xnsâ t]cnÂ
hntZit¯¡p ISt¡WvSnhcpIbpw sNbvX a¼pdw k¿nZv ^kensâ IpSpw_w
hoWvSpw {i²n¡s¸Sp¶Xv CubnsS ]u{X³amcn NneÀ a¼pd¯ph¶tXmsSbmWv.
a¼pdw skbvZehn X§fpsS ]u{X³amcnsemcmÄ kzX{´ C´ybn BZyambn
hcp¶Xv 1970IfnemsW¶Xp ]pd¯v Bcpadnbm¯ hkvXpXbmWv. CdmJv
sdbnÂthbnse a{´nbmbncp¶ k¿nZv AZv\m³ Bbncp¶p Cu hyàn. D¶X
kzm[o\ap]tbmKn¨v At±lw kzbw \S¯nb At\zjW¯ns\mSphnemWv
a¼pds¯¯p¶Xv. C´y³ sdbnÂth apJm´cw \S¯nb At\zjW¯nÂ
a¼pds¯¡pdn¨pÅ At\zjWw XetÈcn sdbnÂth tÌj\nemWv BZysa¯nbXv.
XetÈcnbn \n¶p \ÂInb hnhc{]ImcamWv a¼pds¯¡pdn¨pÅ hnhcw AZv\m³
tiJcn¨Xv.
XpSÀ¶v, BcpadnbmsX a¼pds¯¯nb AZv\m³ 24 aWn¡qÀ aIv_dbnepw
]cnkc§fnepw sNehgn¨p aS§pIbmbncp¶p.
C¡me¯p Xs¶ amXr]c¼cbnse ]n³XeapdbnÂs¸« Fkv.F. Pn{^n
AS¡apÅhcpambn _Ôw ]peÀ¯pIbpw sNbvXp. CdmJnsâ Ipssh¯v
A[n\nthit¯msS B cmPy¯nsâ XIÀ¨ Bcw`n¨Xv Cu IpSpw_¯nsâ \ne\n¸v
Xmdpamdm¡n.
aZo\bnepw k¿nZv ^kensâ IpSpw_apsWvS¦nepw Ahsc Xncn¨dnbm³
Ignªn«nsöv CubnsS a¼pds¯¯nb kndnb³ kztZinIÄ ]dbpIbpWvSmbn.
CdmJnepÅ k¿nZv ^k IpSpw_s¯¡pdn¨pw CubnsSsb¯nb kndnb¡mÀ¡p
IqSpX hnhc§fdnbnÃ. kndnbbn Xs¶ k¿nZv ^k IpSpw_w \qtdmfw
hcpas{X. kndnbbnse h³InS I¨hS IpSpw_¯nÂs¸«hcmWv CubnsS
h¶paS§nbhÀ. ]©m_v AS¡apÅ kwØm\§fnte¡p ImÀjnIb{´§Ä Ibän
Ab¡p¶Xn\mbn _Ôs¸« NÀ¨ \S¯p¶Xn\nsSbmWv ]nXrtZiamb a¼pdt¯¡v
ChÀ hcp¶Xv. a¼pdw aJmansâ Ct¸mgs¯ ssIImcyIÀ¯m¡fmb ZmdpÂlpZm
A¡mZanbn \ÂInb kzoIcW¯nepw AXns\m¸w \S¶ IpSpw_§Äs¡m¯pÅ
IqSnt¨cepIfnepw \ndª a\ÊpambmWv kndnb³ kwLw aS§nbXv. k¿nZv ^kÂ
IpSpw_¯n km¼¯nIambn Gsd XIÀ¨ A\p`hn¡p¶hcpapWvSv.
k¿nZv ^k k´XnIfnse \memw XeapdbnepÅ _KvZmZv kztZin bqkp^v ^mZnÂ
A Aehn 1995 G{]n A©n\v Fkv.F. Pn{^ns¡gpXnb I¯n ^kÂ
IpSpw_¯nsâ Zb\obmhØ hnhcn¨n«pWvSv. apl½Zv AÐpÀdlvam\p tijw k¿nZv
^k ]c¼csb¡pdn¨v Gsd PnÚmktbmsS At\zjn¨ {]apJ\mbncp¶p Fkv.F.
Pn{^n. k¿nZv ^kentes¡¯p¶ bqkp^v ^mZnensâ IpSpw_thcpIÄ
C§s\bmWvþ k¿nZv ^mZnÂ, bqkp^v, lk³, k¿nZv ^k (a¼pdw). Fgp¯nÂ
cWvSmas¯ JÞnIbn ]cmaÀin¡p¶ AZv\m\mbncp¶p tIcf¯n BZysa¯nb
k¿nZv ^k ]u{X³. Iã¸mSpIfpsS ZpcnX¡b§fn \n¶mWv Is¯gpXnbsX¶v
Fgp¯p hyàam¡p¶p. k¿nZv ^ken\p cWvSp `mcyamcnembn H¼Xp
k´XnIfmWpWvSmbncp¶Xv. Ahcn cWvSp s]¬Ip«nIÄ ssiih¯n acn¨p.
kl (XpÀ¡n), AlvaZv (kndnb), apl½Zv (lfÀau¯v, ba³), lk³ (ba³),
bqkp^v (CdmJv), k¿nZen (CuPn]vXv) ico^mPÀ (kndnb) F¶n§s\ hnhn[
\mSpIfnemWv a¡Ä ]n¶oSp Pohn¨Xv. k¿nZv ^k XpÀ¡nbnembncps¶¦nepw
IpSpw_w hoWvSpw NnXdm³ ImcWw XpÀ¡n Jnem^¯nsâ ]X\t¯msS ChÀ
km¼¯nIambn XIÀ¶XmWv.

X§fpsS ZoÀLZÀi\w
skbvZehn X§Ä BZyw Xmakn¨ncp¶Xv a¼pds¯ Xd½Â Xdhm«nembncp¶p.
]n¶oSv AhnsS\n¶p amfntb¡Â ho«nte¡p Xmakw amän. Cu hoSnsâ ap³his¯
akvPnZpw skbvZehn X§fpsS Ime¯p \nÀan¨XmWv. CXn\p ]ndInepapsWvSmcp
Ipªp Ncn{Xw.
skbvZehn X§fpsS Ime¯p Xs¶ asämcp hoSv \nÀan¡m³ k¿nZv ^k D¸tbmSv
A\phmZw tNmZns¨¦nepw "ChnsS hoSpWvSmt¡WvS \ap¡v ChnsS Xmakn¡m\pÅXÃ'
F¶p]dªp \ncpÂkmls¸Sp¯pIbmbncp¶s{X. ]eh«w D¸tbmSp k¿nZv ^kÂ
Bhiyap¶bn¨t¸mÄ sXm«pap¶n Ct¸mÄ Hä¯q¬ ]Ånsb¶dnbs¸Sp¶ ]Ån
\nesImÅp¶Øe¯v hoSp \nÀan¡m³ skbvZehn X§Ä HSphn A\phmZw \ÂIn.
XpSÀ¶v, Hcp bm{X Ignªp Xncns¨¯nb skbvZehn X§Ä IWvSXp cWvSmtfmfw
Dbc¯n sI«nb hoSnsâ XdbmWv. ]pgbpw tXmSpIfpambn \mep]mSpw Npäs¸«
a¼pd¯v shÅs¸m¡w ]Xnhmbncp¶Xn\membncp¶p k¿nZv ^k Xd Dbc¯nÂ
sI«nbXv. CXp IWvS skbvZehn X§Ä F¶mÂ, ChnsS hoSp thWvS ]Icw ]Ån
aXnsb¶p ]dªv Cu Xdbn ]Ån \nÀan¡pIbmbncp¶p. a¼pd¯v
Xmakn¡m\mhnsöp skbvZehn X§Ä ZoÀLZÀi\w sNbvXncp¶psh¶mWv Cu
Ncn{Xw shfns¸Sp¯p¶Xv.
amfntb¡Â hoSv ]n¶oSv k¿nZv ^k hn]peoIcn¨p. AtXmsSbmWv amfnI hosS¶
t]cp h¶Xv. AXnat\mlcamb sIm¯p]WnIfpÅ {]uVamb hkXnbmbncp¶phs{X
AXv. ]n¡me¯v k¿nZv ^k \mSp hn«t¸mÄ Cu hoSnsâ A]qÀhamb
sIm¯p]WnIfpÅ `mKw At±l¯nsâ Xs¶ Xm¸cy{]Imcw s]mfn¨p ]c¸\§mSn
IS¸pd¯p\n¶p Pn{^n IpSpw_w CXp f^mdnte¡p Ibän Ab¡pIbmbncp¶p.

k¿nZv IpSpw_¯nsâ thcpIÄ

ae_mdnte¡p k¿nZv IpSpw_§fpsS IpSntbäw GXp ImeL«w apXemWv
XpS§nbsX¶p hyàaÃ. ba\nse lfÀau¯n \n¶p ae_mdnte¡p IpSntbdnb
{]hmNI]c¼cbnÂs¸«hÀ lfÀan k¿nZpamÀ F¶mWdnbs¸Sp¶Xv. hnhn[
ImeL«§fnembn \m¸Xntesd hwi§Ä ae_mdn Xmakapd¸n¨p.
ChtcmsSm¸w Nne Ad_n IpSpw_§fpw tIcf¯nÂ
Ønchmkam¡nbXn\pZmlcWamWv tImgnt¡ms« _dman IpSpw_w. s]m¶m\n,
tImgnt¡mSv, sImbnemWvSn XpS§nb IStemc {]tZi§fnemWv {][m\ambpw k¿nZv
IpSpw_§sf¯nbXv. C¯cw tI{µ§fnÂ\n¶v AXmXv {]tZi§fnse \m«p{]apJÀ
h¶v Cu hntZi kwL§sf Iq«ns¡mWvSpt]mhpItbm {]t_m[\ ZuXyw kzbw
GsäSp¯p hnZqctZi§fn ChÀ kzbw sNs¶¯pItbm Bbncp¶p ]Xnhv. Hmtcm
hwi¯nepw AwKkwJy IqSp¶tXmsS Hcp Xmhgn]n¡me¯p hyXykvX hwi\maw
kzoIcn¡pIbmbncp¶p. AwKkwJy IqSpt¼mÄ alm³amcmb {]]nXm¡fpsSsbm
AXsæn tZiw amdn Xmakn¨ GsX¦nepw ]qÀhnIcpsStbm t]cnt\mSp tNÀ¯mWv
asämcp hwit]cpWvSmhp¶Xv. inlm_v, inlm_p±o³, Pn{^n XpS§nbhsbms¡
C¯c¯n DSseSp¯ hwi\ma§fmWv.
a¼pdw skbvZehn X§fpsS hwi\maw (J_oe) aue±hoe F¶mbncp¶p. Hcp
tZi¯nsâ cmPmhv F¶ÀYw hcp¶ ]ZamWnXv. aue±hoe hwi¡mÀ C¶p
tIcf¯nensömWdnhv. Ct¸mÄ aue±hoe F¶ IpSpw_\maw k¿nZv ^kensâ
hntZi¯pÅ ]u{X³amcpw D]tbmKn¡p¶nÃ. ]Icw "^kÂ' hwiambmWv ChÀ
Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. CubnsS a¼pds¯¯nb kndnb³ tZi¡mcmb ico^v kl _n³
^k Bep ^k DZmlcWw.
ae_mdn Adnbs¸«ncp¶Xp t]mse hntZi¯pt]mb k¿nZv ^k ]c¼cIÄ
A¶mSpIfnepw {]ikvXcmbncp¶p. kndnbbnse emZnJ F¶ Øe¯p\n¶p
^kensâ Hcp ]p{X\mb k¿nZv AlvaZnsâ t\XrXz¯n A apÀjnZv F¶ t]cnÂ
Ad_v hmcnI ]pd¯nd§nbncp¶p. CXnsâ tIm¸n tImgnt¡mSv Jmknbmbncp¶
]tcX\mb inlm_p±o³ C¼n¨ntImb X§fpsS ]¡Â Cu teJI³
ImWpIbpWvSmbn. At±l¯n\v AhÀ Ab¨psImSp¯Xmbncp¶p hmcnI.

\mSpIS¯Â
]p{X·mcn Gähpw Cfb Bfmb k¿nZensb tIcf¯n ]p\c[nhkn¸n¡m³ 1933Â
apl½Zv AÐpÀdlvam³ kmln_nsâ t\XrXz¯n \S¶ {iaw Gsd
tImfnf¡amWpWvSm¡nbXv. Hcp hÀjt¯mfw amlnbn Xmakn¨mWv k¿nZen
aS§nbXv.
skbvZehn X§fpsSbpw aI³ k¿nZv ^kensâbpw ImeL«¯n {_n«ojpImÀ
sskzcyw A\p`hn¨ncp¶nà F¶nS¯p \n¶mWv a¼pdw X§ÄamcpsS Ncn{Xw
XpS§p¶Xv. skbvZehnbpsS ImeL«¯n ae_mdn \S¶ncp¶ elfIÄ¡pÅ
ImcW§Ä IsWvS¯m³ {_n«ojv kÀ¡mÀ Sn.F³. kvt{S©v F¶ DtZymKØs\
\nban¡pIbpWvSmbn.
kvt{S©n\pÅ \nÀtZi§fn ASnb´c kz`mhaÀln¡p¶ H¶mbn
FSp¯p]dªncn¡p¶Xv Xncqc§mSn X§fpsS (k¿nZv ^kÂ) cq]amähpw Cu
{]tXyI hyàns¡Xncmbn ssIs¡mÅp¶ \S]SnIfpamWv (ae_mÀ am\zÂ, t]Pv. 623).
]t£, C¡mcyw Hcn¡Â t]mepw sXfnªn«nsöp ]n¡me Ncn{XImc\pw
KthjI\pamb sdmWmÄUv C. aneÀ {]kvXmhn¨p. hnhc§Ä a\Ênem¡nb k¿nZv
^k Xs¶s¨mÃn tNmc Nn´p¶sXmgnhm¡m³ clkyambn Øew hnSm³
Xocpam\n¨p. a¼pdw X§Ä \mSphn«pt]mhpIbmsW¶p hmÀ¯ Im«pXo t]mse ]c¶p.
]pds¸Sp¶Xnsâ Xte¶v At±lw Xmakn¨ hoSn\p ap¼msI P\w XSn¨pIqSn. ]pds¸«p
hoSnsâ Bdp\mgnI AIse ]c¸\§mSnbnse¯pt¼mtg¡pw At±ls¯ A\pKan¨
A\pbmbnIfpsS F®w F®mbncambn. \S¶p cm{Xn tImgnt¡ms«¯m\mbncp¶p
X§fpsS ]²Xn. IpSpw_hpw A{]Imcw tImgnt¡mt«¡p t]mhm\mbncp¶p
]²Xnbn«Xv. IpSpw_w tImgnt¡mt«¡p t]mhpIbpw sNbvXp.
a¼pdw X§sf Dt]£n¨pt]mhm³ P\¡q«w X¿mdà F¶p h¶t¸mÄ
]c¸\§mSnbnÂ\n¶p Xs¶ tImgnt¡ms«¯m³ X§Ä Xocpam\n¡pIbmbncp¶p
(ae_mÀ am\zÂ, t]Pv. 624). ]n¶oSv Cu IpSpw_¯nse Bcpw a¼pdt¯m Gd\m«ntem
ImepIp¯cpsX¶p \ntcm[\mÚ ]pds¸Sphn¨p.
H«\h[n kz¯p¡Ä a¼pd¯pt]£n¨p ae_mÀ hn« k¿nZv ^k ]n¶oSv ba\nse
KhÀWÀ, XpÀ¡nbnse `ctWm]tZãmhv F¶o ]ZhnIfn Xnf§n. XpÀ¡nbnÂ
At±l¯n\p "kl ]mj' F¶ ba\n KhÀWdmhp¶ _lpaXn e`n¨p. D¶X
]Zhnbn XpSÀ¶ ^k 78mw hbÊn 1864 tIm¬kvämânt\m¸nfn acn¨p. XpÀ¡n
Jeo^bpsS arXtZl¯n\Sp¯mWv At±ls¯ kwkvIcn¨Xv. k¿nZv ^kÂ
k´XnIÄ¡p XpÀ¡n Kh¬saâv s]³j³ \ÂInbncp¶p. ]t£, XpÀ¡n
Jnem^¯nsâ XIÀ¨tbmsS FÃm \nebv¡pw IpSpw_§Ä Xmdpamdmbn. {]nb ]nXmhv
a¼pd¯v A´nbpd§nbt¸mÄ aI³ XpÀ¡nbn J_dS¡s¸«p. AhcpsS a¡Ä
thsdbpw \mSpIfn NnXdn¡nS¶p. ]t£, skbvZehn X§fpsS a¼pds¯
aJv_dbn (adhv sNbvXØew) PmXnaX t`Zat\y ]Xn\mbnc¡W¡n\mfpIÄ
hcpIbpw s]m¶pw ]Whpw kaÀ¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv C¶pw XpScp¶p.

]p\c[nhmk {iaw
a¼pdw IpSpw_¯nsâ IY Atd_ybnse¶ t]mse ae_mdnepw XpSÀ¶p. ae_mdnse
kzm[o\s¯¡pdn¨p hyàambn a\Ênem¡nb kzmX{´ykac tk\m\nbpw
sI.]n.kn.kn {]knUâpambncp¶ apl½Zv AÐpÀdlvam³ kmln_v ^kÂ
IpSpw_s¯ XncnsI sImWvSphcm\pw ]p\c[nhkn¸n¡m\pw {ian¨p. 1933 P\phcn 16\v
D¨bv¡p 3.00\v tImgnt¡mSv Su¬lmfn tbmKw tNÀ¶p. C. sambvXp
auehnbmbncp¶p A¶s¯ tbmKm[y£³. Cu tbmK¯n a¼pdw tÌj³ I½nän
cq]oIcn¨p. k¿nZv ^kensâ Cfb k´Xnbmb k¿nZensb CuPn]vXn \n¶p
XncnsI sImWvSphcm\mbncp¶p Xocpam\w. hnhc§Ä A¸t¸mÄ k¿nZensb
Adnbn¨p. 1934 s^{_phcn H¶n\v sIbvtdmbn \n¶v At±lw ]pds¸«p. Cu
{ia§tfmsS ae_mÀ hoWvSpanfIn. ]t£, {_n«ojpImcpw knÂ_´nIfpw \S¯nb
IpX{´§Ä ^en¨tXmsS At±l¯n\p \ncmi\mbn aSt§WvSnh¶p. ]n¶oSv 1937Â
aZncminbn cmPmPnbpsS t\XrXz¯n tIm¬{Kkv a{´nk` A[nImc¯nÂ
h¶t¸mÄ Cu Bhiy¯n\p hoWvSpw iành¶p. CXnsâ `mKambn 1937 \hw_À
A©p apX 12 hsc kmln_nsâ t\XrXz¯n Xs¶ H¸ptiJcWw \S¯n.
ae_mdnepS\ofw {]IS\§fpw s]mXp tbmK§fpw Cc¼n. lnµp, apkvenw, {InkvXy³
hn`mK§fn \n¶mbn \mep e£t¯mfw H¸pIfmWv tiJcn¨Xv. Cu bXv\w
]qÀWXbnse¯pw ap¼p cmPmPn a{´nk` cmPnhbv¡pIbpw kmln_v
PbnenemhpIpbpw sNbvXp. Cu Ncn{Xw ]n¶oSp hnkvarXnbnembnS¯p\n¶mWv
hoWvSpw k¿nZv ^k IpSpw_¯nte¡p P\{i² Xncnbp¶Xv.
k¿nZv ^kensâ IpSpw_w aKvcn_v \mSpIfn NnXdnbXp ae_mdn\pthWvSnbmWv.
AXpsImWvSp Xs¶ Hcp IqSnt¨censâ BZchv Ahsct¸mgpw AÀln¡p¶p.

04.02.2010 THEJAS WEEKEND