21.09.

2008 THEJUS
lnµpXz Xm¸cy§fpsS apt¶äw / Fw.kn. hSIc

hn`P\s¯¸än BZyw ]dªXp apkvenwItfm Pn¶tbm AÃ; F{Xtbm hÀj§Ä¡p

ap¼v lnµpalm k`bmbncp¶p. `mbn ]cam\µmbncp¶p AXnsâ XpS¡¡mc³. ]n¶oSv
1923  ]pd¯ph¶ lnµpXz F¶ ]pkvXI¯n C´ysb hn`Pn¡Wsa¶p khÀ¡À
FgpXn. 1937 Â hoWvSpw At±lw C§s\ FgpXn: ""C´y Hcp cm{ãambncn¡pI F¶Xp
k¦Â¸n¡mt\ BhnÃ. AXp lnµp¡fptSXpw apkvenwIfptSXpamb cWvSp
cm{ã§fmWv.'' Pn¶ Hcn¡epw C§s\ ]dªn«nÃ. 1923  lnµpXz ]pd¯ph¶ tijw
1924 ¯s¶, {]apJ tIm¬{Kkv t\Xmhmbncp¶ ]Þnäv aZ³taml³ amfhy
khÀ¡cpsS Zzncm{ãhmZ¯n\p ]n´pW \ÂIn. amfhy Htckabw tIm¬{KÊnsâbpw
lnµp almk`bpsSbpw {]knUâmbncp¶p. emem ePv]Xv dmbnbptSXmbncp¶p ASp¯
{]Jym]\w. tIm¬{KÊnsâ A[y£\mbncp¶p At±lw. BZÀi\njvTbpsS
BÄcq]sas¶ms¡bmWv At±ls¯ tIm¬{KkpImÀ hntijn¸n¡mdv. lnµpþapkvenw
{]iv\s¯¸än Hcp]mSp ]T\w \S¯n At±lw F¯nb \nKa\w hfsc ckIcamWv:
""C´y lnµp¡fpsSbpw apkvenwIfpsSbpw At\Iw tÌäpIfmbn
sh«napdn¡s¸Sp¶Xn A`n{]mbw ]dbp¶Xn\p ap¼mbn Xm³ CkvemanI\nba§fpw
apkvenwNcn{Xhpw {i²m]qÀhw ]Tn¡pIbpWvSmbn. apkvenw P\hn`mK¯n\v Aapkvenw
P\hn`mKhpambn klIcn¨psImWvSv Hcp cm{ãw sI«n¸Sp¡m³ a\Èmkv{X]camb
ImcW§fm km[yasömWp Rm³ a\Ênem¡nbXv. Ckvemw AX\phZn¡p¶nÃ.
H¶pIn Zmdp lÀ_v, Asæn Zmdp Ckvemw. CXÃmsX AapkvenwIfpw
apkvenwIfpw tNÀ¶psImWvSv Hcp cm{ãw apt¶m«psImWvSpt]mhm³ ]änÃ.''
BÀ.kn. aPpwZmÀ, tdmbv Nu[cn, ImfoIn¦À Z¯ F¶nhÀ tNÀs¶gpXnb B³
AUvhm³Uvkv lnkvädn Hm^v C´y F¶ {KÙ¯n C§s\ ]dbp¶p: ""C´ybnse
Nne kwØm\§fn \ne\n¶ncp¶ Hcn¡epahkm\n¡m¯ lnµpþapkvenw
AkzmØy§fpw Akqbbpw Ahkm\n¡Wsa¦n Ing¡pw hS¡pw ]Snªmdpw
apkvenw tÌäpIÄ cq]h¡cn¡Wsa¶v 1925 G{]nen emem ePv]Xv dmbv
\nÀtZin¨Xp {i²n¡s¸tSWvS hkvXpXbmWv.''
tZi_Ôp Nn¯cRvP³Zmkv ap³ssIsbSp¯v lnµpþapkvenwkulmÀ±w
\ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn\pw {]iv\]cnlmc¯n\pambn HcpS¼Sn¡p cq]w\ÂInbncp¶p.
apkvenwXm¸cy§Ä¡p IqSpX {]m[m\yw \ÂIp¶psh¶ ImcW¯m tIm¬{Kkv
AXp Xffn¡fbpIbmbncp¶p. AXn\ptijamWv ePv]Xvdmbn cwK¯ph¶Xv. ePv]Xv
dmbn C§s\bmW`n{]mbs¸«Xv: ""Fsâ A`n{]mbw ]©m_v \mep {]hniyIfmbn
hn`Pn¡Wsa¶mWv. apkvenwIÄ henb `qcn]£apÅ ]Snªmd³ ]©m_v Hcp
apkvenw `cW {]hniy. lnµpþknJv `qcn]£apÅ Ing¡³ ]©m_v Hcp Aapkvenw
atXXc{]hniy. _wKmfnsâ Imcyw Rm³ NÀ¨sN¿p¶nÃ. anÌÀ Zmkv apt¶m«ph¨
DS¼Sn ]ptcmKa\ImcnIfpw DuÀPkzecpamb lnµp¡Ä AwKoIcn¡p¶ Imcyw Fsâ
`mh\bv¡p t]mepw AXoXamWv.''
Zmkv ]dªXp I¡¯m tImÀ]tdjsâ 60 iXam\w koäv apkvenwIÄ¡p
sImSp¡Wsa¶mbncp¶p.
aäpNne \ncq]W§ÄIqSn \S¯nbXn\ptijw ePv]Xv dmbn ]dbp¶p: ""Fsâ
]²Xnbn apkvenwIÄ¡p \mep cm{ã§fpWvSmhpw. H¶p ]¯m³ {]hniy, AYhm
hS¡p]Snªmd³ ]©m_v AXnÀ¯n{]hniy. cWvSv, ]Snªmd³ ]©m_v. aq¶v knÔv,
\mev Ing¡³ ]©m_v. C´ybnse atäsX¦nepw Øe¯v Hcp {]hniy cq]oIcn¡m³
X¡ P\km{µXbpsWvS¦n AhnsSbpw {]hniy cq]oIcnt¡WvSXmWv. ]t£, CXv
Hcp GIoIrX C´ybsöp a\Ênem¡s¸SWw. CXv AÀYam¡p¶Xv C´ysb apkvenw
C´ybpw apkventaXc C´ybpambn hn`Pn¡pIsb¶XmWv.''
kn.BÀ. Zmkn\v FgpXnb I¯nemWv ePv]Xvdmbn CXp ]dbp¶Xv. 1940 se kÀth´ym
apkvenweoKv kt½f\¯n Pn¶ Cu I¯v D²cn¨tXmsSbmWv CXp {]kn²ambXv.
lnµpþapkvenw sFIyw \S¡p¶Xsöpw AXp {]mtbmKnIasöpw Bdpamks¯
]T\\nco£W§fn \n¶p X\n¡p hyàambXmbpw JpÀB\pw lZokpw
apkvenwIsf AXn\\phZn¡p¶nsöpw ePv]Xvdmbn Zmkns\gpXnb I¯n ]dbp¶p.
At±lw B I¯n C§s\ FgpXn: ""l¡ow APva Jm\pambpw tUm. In¨vepambpw
Rm³ \S¯nb kw`mjWs¯¡pdn¨p I¡¯bn h¨p ]dªXv HmÀ¡patÃm.
lnµpØm\¯n l¡ow APva Jms\¡mÄ \à Hcp apl½Zob\nÃ. ]t£, Hcp
apkvenwt\Xmhn\p JpÀBs\ adnIS¡m³ Ignbptam? Ckvemansâ \nba¯nse Fsâ
]cnÚm\w sXämbnt¸msb¦n F¶v B{Kln¡mt\ F\n¡mhq. ]t£, AXp
icnbmsW¦n {_n«ojpImÀs¡Xntc F\n¡p tbmPn¡m³ Ignªmepw {_n«ojv
coXnbn lnµpØm³ `cn¡m³ \ap¡p IgnbnÃ. F´mWv CXns\mcp ]cnlmcw?
GgptImSn apkvenwIsf F\n¡p t]SnbnÃ. ]t£, lnµpØm\nse Ggp tImSnbpw IqsS
A^vKm\nkvXm³, ateky, sakt¸mt«manb, XpÀ¡n F¶nhnS§fnse kmbp[
BXntYbcpw tNÀ¶m AXp sNdp¡m\mhnsöp Rm³ IcpXp¶p. lnµpþapkvenw
sFIy¯nepw BizmkyXbnepw Rm³ BßmÀYambpw kXykÔambpw
hnizkn¡p¶p. apkvenwt\Xm¡sf hnizkn¡m\pw Rm³ ]qÀWambpw k¶²\mWv.
]t£, JpÀBsâbpw lZokpIfpsSbpw A\pimk\§sf¡pdn¨v F´p]dbp¶p.
t\Xm¡Ä¡v Ahsb adnIS¡m\mhnÃ. \½psS t]m¡v \mi¯nte¡mtWm? Xm¦fpsS
]Tn¨ a\Êpw hnthIapÅ akvXnjvIhpw Cu _p²nap«n \n¶v Fs´¦nepsamcp hgn
ImWpsa¶p Rm³ {]Xymin¡p¶p...''
AXmbXv `mbn ]cam\µvv XpS¡an«, khÀ¡À hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¯ hn`P\Nn´bpsS
D]ÚmXmhv emem ePv]Xv dmbnbmbncp¶psh¶ÀYw.
Pn¶bpw apkvenweoKpsams¡ hn`P\hnjb¯n h¶Xp ]n¶oSmWv.
hn`P\mhiy¯n\pÅ Hcp apdhnfn¸mXbn KXy´canÃmsX ]¦ptNcpI am{XmWp eoKv
sNbvXXv. AXphsc C¯cw \o¡§sf iànbpàw FXnÀ¯ Bfmbncp¶p Pn¶.
At±lw eoKn tNÀ¶Xp Xs¶ hensbmcp kw`hamWv. Hcp]mSv Ad¨mWv Pn¶
eoKn tNÀ¶Xv. eoKn tNÀ¶m tZiobt_m[¯n\p tIm«w X«nt¸mhptam F¶
t]SnbpWvSmbncp¶p At±l¯n\v. Pn¶ eoKn tNÀ¶ kw`hw {]Xn]mZn¨psImWvSp
ktcmPn\n \mbnUp Hcp ]pkvXIsagpXnbn«pWvSv. A§s\bpÅ Hcmsf¡pdn¨mWp
aX{`m´\pw hÀKobhmZnbpw Fs¶ms¡ ]dbp¶Xv.
hn`P\s¯¡pdn¨p icn¡pw a\Ênemt¡WvSXpWvSv. Pn¶ ]dªXp ]©m_ns\
]©m_m¡n \nÀ¯Ww; _wKmfns\ _wKmfm¡n \nÀ¯Ww F¶ coXnbnemWv.
"tZiobt\Xm¡fpsS kzbw\nÀWbmhImiw, AXn\pthWvSn kwØm\§fpsS
]p\ÊwtbmP\w' F¶Xmbncp¶p Pn¶ kaÀ¸n¨ ]²Xn. hn`Pn¡m\à At±lw
]dªXv. sh«napdn¡Wsa¦n C´y F¶ Cu cmPyw ]WvSpsWvS¦netà ]äq.
{_n«ojpImÀ Hmtcm cmPm¡³amcn \n¶p ]nSns¨Sp¯p ]nSns¨Sp¯p
tNÀ¯p]nSn¨XmWv Cu \mSv; AhÀ¡p \nIpXn ]ncn¡m³ thWvSn.
{_n«ojpImÀ t]mhpt¼mÄ ]qÀhmhØ {]m]n¡pI F¶p ]dªm F´mWXn\ÀYw?
]©m_v ]©m_mhWw. _wKmÄ _wKmfmhWw. ]t£, aäpÅhÀ AXp
apdn¨pIfªp. dmUv¢n^v kmbn¸ns\ sImWvSph¶v CXns\ sh«napdn¨p. "\n§fXp
sN¿cpXv' F¶v Pn¶ BhÀ¯n¨p]dªp. Ahkm\w auWvSv _mä¬ ]dªp:
""\n§Ä¡p ]mInkvXm³ thWsa¦n CXp sN¿pItb hgnbpÅq.'' A§s\ apdn¨p.
hn`P\s¯¯pSÀ¶p Pn¶bpw aäpw ]mInkvXm\nemhpIbpw C´y³ apkvenwIÄ¡p
t\XrXzw \ãs¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. Hät\XrXzw, Hcp t\Xmhv Fs¶ms¡ ]dbp¶Xp
hensbmcp kwKXnbmWv. IeÎohv eoUÀjn¸v Fs¶ms¡ ]dbmt\ ]äq. AsXm¶pw
\S¡p¶XÃ. Hcmfv thWw.
Ahsc AhnsS Bhiyambncp¶p. ]pXpXmbn Hcp cmjv{Sw sI«n¸Sp¡p¶ NpaXe
apgph³ \nÀhlnt¡WvSXhcmbncp¶p. C´ybnse henb henb
DtZymKسamscsbÃmw Pn¶ At§mt«¡p hnfn¨ncp¶p. Ahscms¡
t]mbXn\ptijw ChnsS iq\yambn. ChnsS XpSÀ¨bmb hÀKobIem]§fpWvSmbn.
AJnte´ym apkvenweoKnsâ {]hÀ¯\w aµo`hn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.
ChnsS _m¡nh¶ t\Xm¡³amscms¡ tIm¬{KÊn tNÀ¶p. AhÀs¡ms¡
tIm¬{Kkv henb henb Øm\§Ä \ÂIn. A§s\ hensbmcp iq\yX DWvSmbn.
1947 \p tijw apkvenweoKns\ \bn¡m³ ]änb t\XrXzw ChnsS DWvSmbncp¶nÃ.
1948 emWv cWvSmaXv C´y³ bq\nb³ apkvenweoKpWvSm¡p¶Xv. AXn hSt¡
C´ybnÂ\n¶p Imcyamsbmcp t\Xmhpw h¶nÃ. sXt¡ C´ybnÂ\n¶pÅ
JmCusZanïv CkvamCu kmln_mWv eoUdmbn h¶Xv. At±l¯n\p hSt¡
C´ybn thcpIfpWvSmbncp¶nÃ. tIcf¯nepw Xangv\m«nepw am{XamWv At±l¯n\p
kzm[o\w sNep¯m³ IgnªXv.
tIm¬{KÊn C´ybpsS kzmX{´yw B{Kln¡p¶ BÀ¡pw tNcmambncp¶p. AXv
GXv Bib¡mcm\mbns¡mÅs«; tIm¬{KÊn\p {]tXyI
BZÀisam¶papWvSmbncp¶nÃ. kzmX{´yw e`yam¡pI F¶ {]hÀ¯\]cn]mSnbnÂ
Hcpan¨p IqSs¸«hcmWv AXv.
kzmX{´yw In«nbXn\p tijw hyXykvX Xm¸cy§fpsS kwL«\amWp ]n¶oSv
tIm¬{KÊn IWvSXv. cm{ãs¯ lnµpbnk¯nte¡p sImWvSpt]mhWw,
Im]näenk¯nte¡p sImWvSpt]mhWw, tkmjyenk¯nte¡p sImWvSpt]mhWw
F¶n§s\bpÅ hyXykvX [mcIÄ X½nepÅ kwL«\w. C§s\
B`y´csshcp[y§Ä aqÀÑn¨mWv Hmtcm hn`mK§fpWvSmhp¶Xv. 1954  iyma{]kmZv
apJÀPn P\kwLapWvSm¡n. tIm¬{KÊns\ lnµpbnk¯nte¡p
sImWvSpt]mhWsa¶pt±in¨mbncp¶p AXv. 1956 Â cmPtKm]memNmcn kzX{´
]mÀ«nbpWvSm¡n. tIm¬{KÊns\ Im]näenk¯nte¡p sImWvSpt]mhWsa¶v
B{Kln¨bmfmbncp¶p BNmcn.
1906  apkvenweoKpWvSm¡p¶Xnsâ ImcWw, tIm¬{KÊn \n¶psImWvSp
apkvenwIfpsS Xm¸cy§Ä kwc£n¡m³ Ignbnà F¶ Xncn¨dnhmWv. 1916 Â
tIm¬{Kkpw apkvenweoKpw X½nepWvSmb eJvt\m kÔnbpWvSm¡n. tIm¬{KÊn\p
thWvSn _meKwKm[cXneIpw eoKn\pthWvSn Pn¶bpamWv AXn H¸nSp¶Xv. A©p
sImámew apkvenwIfpw lnµp¡fpw Gsd kam[m\¯n Ignªp. C¡mebfhnÂ
apkvenweoKnsâbpw tIm¬{KÊnsâbpw kt½f\§Ä Hcp ]´enÂh¨mWp \S¶Xv.
C´ybpsS ]e `mK§fn A§s\ \S¶p. F{Xt¯mfsa¶mÂ, sImSnb
apkvenwhntcm[nbmbncp¶ kzman {i²m\µsb UÂln Ppam akvPnZnsâ anw_dnÂh¨p
{]kwKn¸n¡p¶XS¡w AXp apt¶m«pt]mbn.
]n¶oSv tIm¬{Kkv lnµpXzhmZnIfpsS ssIbn Aacm³ XpS§n. emÂþ _mÂþ ]mÂ
A¨pXWvSnembncp¶p tIm¬{Kkv ]n¶oSp Id§nbXv þememePv]Xvdmbn, _meKwKm[c
XneI³, _n]n³ N{µ]m F¶nhÀ. ChÀ aqhcpw lnµpXzhmZnIfmbncp¶p.
ememePv]Xvdmbn BcykamP¯nsâ coXnbnemWp tIm¬{KÊns\ kwLSn¸n¨ncp¶Xv.
BcykamPhpw tIm¬{Kkpw H¶pXs¶ F¶ coXnbnÂ. _n]n³ N{µ]memhs«,
Imfo]qPIÄ kwLSn¸n¨psImWvSp tIm¬{KÊnte¡v Bsf Iq«pI F¶ AÀY¯nÂ.
XneI³ bmYmØnXnI lnµpXz¯nsâ At§bä¯pÅ Bfmbncp¶p. inhPnbpsS
]p\chXmcamWp Xms\s¶ms¡ At±lw hmZn¨ncp¶p. KW]XnatlmÂkh§Ä
kwLSn¸n¨mbncp¶p At±l¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä. ]qs\bn ]SÀ¶ t¹Kv t\cnSm³
ap\nkn¸menän¡mÀ FenIsf sImÃm³ XpS§nbt¸mÄ AXns\Xntc PmXnlnµp¡sf
kwLSn¸n¨p dmen \S¯nb BfmWv At±lw.
C§s\, {_n«ojvC´ybpsSbpw C´y³ kzmX{´ykac¯nsâbpw Ncn{Xw
]cntim[n¨m apkvenwIÄ kzoIcn¨ \ne]mSpIfpw AXn apkvenweoKv hln¨ ]¦pw
]ÞnX³amcpsS \ndkm¶n[yhpsams¡ sXfnªpImWm³ ]äpw. C´y³
kmaqlnIbmYmÀYy§Ä ap¶n IWvSpsImWvSpÅ \ne]mSpIfmbncp¶p AhÀ
kzoIcn¨sX¶v C¶pw Dd¸n¨p]dbm³ ]äpw.