08 WCDMA Power Control

WCDMA Power Control and
Relevant Parameters
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe the purpose and function of power control
Explain open loop power control and parameters
Explain inner loop power control and relevant parameters
Explain outer loop power control and relevant parameters
Page1
Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. Open Loop Power Control
3. Closed Loop Power Control
Page2
Contents
Page3
Purpose of Uplink Power Control

Uplink Transmission Character

Self-interference system
Uplink capacity is limited by interference level
Near-far effect
Fading
Uplink Power Control Function

Ensure uplink quality with minimum transmission power
Decrease interference to other UE, and increase capacity
Solve the near-far effect
Save UE transmission power
Page4
Purpose of Downlink Power Control

Downlink Transmission Character

Interference among different subscribers
Interference from other adjacent cells
Downlink capacity is limited by NodeB transmission power
Fading
Downlink Power Control Function

Ensure downlink quality with minimum transmission power
Decrease interference to other cells, and increase capacity
Save NodeB transmission power
Page5
Effect of Power Control

20
Channel Fading
15
Transmitting power
Receiving power
Relative power (dB)
10
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
0
200
400
600
Time (ms)
Page6
800
Power Control Classification

Open Loop Power Control

Uplink / Downlink Open Loop Power Control
Closed Loop Power Control

Uplink / Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
Uplink / Downlink Outer Loop Power Control
Page7
Power Control For Physical Channels

Power control methods are adopted for these physical channels:

" can be applied, " not applied

Closed Loop Power Control
Physical
Channel
Open Loop
Power
Control
Inner Loop
Power Control
Outer Loop
Power Control
DPDCH
DPCCH
SCH
PCCPCH
SCCPCH
PRACH
AICH
PICH
Page8
No Power
Control
Common Physical Channel Power Parameters

MAXTXPOWER
Parameter name: Max transmit power of cell
The recommended value is 430, namely 43dBm
PCPICHPOWER
Parameter name: PCPICH transmit power
The recommended value is 330, namely 33dBm
Page9

PSCHPOWER or SSCHPOWER
Parameter name: PSCH / SCCH transmit power
The recommended value is -50, namely -5dB
BCHPOWER
Parameter name: BCH transmit power
Page10

MAXFACHPOWER
Parameter name: Max transmit power of FACH
The recommended value is 10, namely 1dB
PCHPOWER
Parameter name: PCH transmit power
Page11

AICHPOWEROFFSET
Parameter name: AICH power offset
The default value of this parameter is -6, namely -6dB
PICHPOWEROFFSET
Parameter name: PICH power offset
The default value of this parameter is -7, namely -7dB
Page12
Contents
Page13
Contents
2.1 Open Loop Power Control Overview
2.2 PRACH Open Loop Power Control
2.3 Downlink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control
2.4 Uplink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control
Page14
Open Loop Power Control Overview

Purpose
Calculate the initial transmission power of uplink / downlink channels
Principle
Estimates the downlink signal power loss on propagation path
Path loss of the uplink channel is related to the downlink channel
Application
Open loop power control is applied only at the beginning of connection

setup to set the initial power value.
Page15
Contents
Page16
PRACH Open Loop Power Control

Serving
RNC
Node B
UE
1. CCCH: RRC Connection Request

RRC
RRC
Open loop power

control of PRACH
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
2. Radio Link Setup Request
NBAP
NBAP
Start RX
description
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP
NBAP
4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
5. Downlink Synchronization
6. Uplink Synchronization
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Start TX
description
RRC
7. CCCH: RRC Connection Set up
RRC
8. Radio Link Restore Indication

NBAP
RRC
NBAP
9. DCCH: RRC Connection Setup Complete
RRC
Page17

Initial Power Calculation for the First Preamble

When UE needs to set up a RRC connection, the initial power of

uplink PRACH can be calculated according to the following
formula:
Preamble_I nitial_Pow er = PCPICH Transmit Power - CPICH_RSCP

+ UL Interferen ce + Constant Value For Calculatin g Initial Tx Power
Page18
PRACH Open Loop Power Control Parameters

CONSTANTVALUE
Parameter name: Constant value for calculating initial TX power
Page19

Timing relationship of PRACH and AICH
1 access slot
Acq.
Ind.
AICH
p-a
PRACH
Preamble
Preamble
p-p
Message
part
p-m
Page20

AICHTXTIMING
Parameter name: AICH transmission timing
Content:
When AICHTXTIMING = 0,
p-p,min = 15360 chips, p-a = 7680 chips, p-m = 15360 chips

When AICHTXTIMING = 1,
p-p,min = 20480 chips, p-a = 12800 chips, p-m = 20480 chips

The recommended value is 1
Page21

Power Ramping for Preamble Retransmission
Power Offset Pp-m

Power Ramp Step
Preamble_Initial
_Power
Preamble
Preamble
Preamble
Preamble
Message
part
Page22

POWERRAMPSTEP
Parameter name: Power increase step
PREAMBLERETRANSMAX
Parameter name: Max preamble retransmission
The Recommended value is 20
Page23

MMAX
Parameter name: Max preamble loop
The recommended value is 8
NB01MIN / NB01MAX
Parameter name: Random back-off lower / upper limit
The recommended value: 0 for both NB01MIN / NB01MAX
Page24

POWEROFFSETPPM
Parameter name: Power offset
The default value:

-3dB for signalling transmission;
-2dB for service transmission.
Page25
Contents
Page26
DL DPDCH Open Loop Power Control

Serving
RNC
Node B
UE

RRC
RRC
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
NBAP
NBAP
Start RX
description
NBAP
NBAP
DL DPDCH Open
Loop Power Control
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Start TX
description
RRC
RRC

NBAP
NBAP
RRC
RRC
Page27

When a dedicated channel is set up, the initial power of

downlink DPDCH can be calculated according to the following
formula:
PInitial
PCPICH
R
Eb
= (
)DL
PTotal
W
No
( Ec / No )CPICH
Page28
1 timeslot
Downlink
Transmit
Power
PO2
PO1
PO3
Data1
DPDCH
TPC
TFCI
DPCCH
Data2
Pilot
DPDCH
DPCCH
Page29
DL DPDCH Open Loop Power Control Parameter

TFCIPO
Parameter name: TFCI power offset
TPCPO
Parameter name: TPC power offset
Page30
DL DPDCH Open Loop Power Control Parameter

PILOTPO
Parameter name: Pilot power offset
Page31
Downlink Power Control Restriction

The power of downlink dedicated channel is limited by an

upper and lower limit for each radio link.
The DL DPDCH power could not exceed Maximum_DL_Power, nor

could it be below Minimum_DL_Power.
RLMAXDLPWR / RLMINDLPWR
Parameter name: RL Max / Min DL TX power
The recommended value is shown in the following table.
Page32
Downlink Power Restriction Parameters

Referential configurations for typical services:

Service
RL Max Downlink
Transmit Power
RL Min Downlink
Transmit Power
Downlink SF
CS Domain
12.2 kbps AMR
-3
-18
128
28 kbps
-2
-17
64
32 kbps
-2
-17
64
56 kbps
-15
32
64 kbps
-15
32
PS Domain
8 kbps
-8
-23
128
32 kbps
-4
-19
64
64 kbps
-2
-17
32
144 kbps
-15
16
256 kbps
-13
384 kbps
-11
Page33
Contents
Page34
UL DPCCH Open Loop Power Control

Serving
RNC
Node B
UE
RRC
RRC
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters

NBAP
NBAP
Start RX
description
NBAP
NBAP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Start TX
description
RRC
Open Loop Power

Control of UL DPCCH
RRC
RRC

NBAP
NBAP
RRC
Page35
UL DPCCH Open Loop Power Control

The initial power of the uplink DPCCH can be calculated according to the
following formula:
DPCCH _ Initial _ Power = DPCCH _ Power _ Offset CPICH _ RSCP

Where
CPICH_RSCP means the received signal code power, the received power
measured on the CPICH.
DPCCH_Power_Offset is provided by RNC to the UE via RRC signaling.
DPCCH _ Power _ Offset = PCPICH Transmit Power + UL Interference + Default Constant Value
Page36
UL DPCCH Open Loop Power Control Parameter

DEFAULTCONSTANTVALUE
Parameter name: Constant value configured by default
The recommended value is -27, namely -27dB.
Page37
Uplink Power Control Restriction

During the operation of uplink power control, the UE transmit

power shall not exceed the Maximum Allowed Uplink Transmit
Power.
MAXALLOWEDULTXPOWER
Parameter name: Max allowed UE UL TX power
The recommended value is 21, namely 21 dBm.
Page38
Uplink Power Control Restriction

In addition, there are four parameters which correspond to the maximum

allowed transmit power of four classes of services respectively:
MAXULTXPOWERFORCONV
MAXULTXPOWERFORSTR
Parameter name: Max UL TX power of Streaming service
MAXULTXPOWERFORINT
Parameter name: Max UL TX power of Conversational service
Parameter name: Max UL TX power of Interactive service
MAXULTXPOWERFORBAC
Parameter name: Max UL TX power of Background service
The recommended value is 24, namely 24 dBm.
Page39
Contents
Page40
Contents
3.1 Closed Loop Power Control Overview
3.2 Uplink Inner Loop Power Control
3.3 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
3.4 Outer Loop Power Control
Page41
Closed Loop Power Control Overview

Why closed loop power control is needed?

Open loop power control is not accurate enough, it can only

estimate the initial transmission power.
Closed loop power control can guarantee the QoS with minimum
power. By decreasing the interference, the system capacity will be
increased.
Outer Loop
Inner Loop
SIRmea>SIRtar TPC=0
BLERmea>BLERtarSIRtar
SIRtar
BLERtar BLER <BLER SIR
mea
tar
tar
Until
BLERmea=BLERtar
TPC
SIRmea<SIRtar TPC=1
Until
SIRmea=SIRtar
Page42
TPC=1
TPC=0
Power
Power
Contents
Page43
Uplink Inner Loop Power Control

NodeB compares the measured SIR to the preset target SIR, then derives TPC
and sends the TPC Decision to UE.
TPC Decision
( 0, 1 )
Compare SIRmea with SIRtar

SIRmea > SIRtar TPC = 0
SIRmea SIRtar TPC = 1
Single RL / Soft HO
PCA1 / PCA2
Generate TPC_cmd
( -1, 0, 1 )
Inner Loop
Adjust DPCCH Tx
Set SIRtar
NodeB
Transmit TPC
UE
DPCCH =TPCTPC_cmd
Adjust DPDCH Tx
( c , d )
Page44
Uplink Inner Loop PCA1 with Single Radio Link

For single radio link and PCA1, UE derives one TPC_cmd in each time
slot as follows:
TPC
TPC_cmd
-1
-1
-1
-1
This control is performed in each time slot, so

the power control frequency is 1500Hz
Page45
Uplink Inner Loop PCA2 with Single Radio Link

For single radio link and PCA2, UE derives one TPC_cmd in each 5-slot
group as follows:
10ms radio frame
TPC
Group 2
Group 1
Group 3
TS0
TS1
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
TS9
TS10
TS11
TS12
TS13
TS14
-1
TPC_cmd
This control is performed in each 5-slot group,

so the power control frequency is 300Hz
Page46
Uplink Inner Loop with Soft Handover

When UE enters soft handover state, on the NodeB side, there

are two phases :
Uplink synchronization phase
Multi-radio link phase
On UE side, UE will receive different TPCs from different RLS in

one time slot. Therefore, the UE should combine all the TPCs to
get a unique TPC_CMD.
Page47
Uplink Inner Loop PCA1 with Soft Handover

CELL1
For each slot, combine TPC from

the same RLS, then get Wi
CELL2
RL1-1
RL1-2
RLS1
Get TPC_cmd based on

TPC_cmd = (W1, W2, WN)
RLS3
RLS2
CELL4
CELL3
RLS1-TPC (W1)
RLS2-TPC (W2)
RLS3-TPC (W3)
TPC_cmd
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Page48

Combine TPC from same RLS
in each time slot
CELL1
CELL2
RL1-1
RLS1
Calculate TPC_tempi for each RLSi
RLS2
Calculate TPC_cmd
If any TPC_tempi = -1, TPC_cmd = -1
Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0
i =1
> 0.5 , TPC_cmd = 1
RLS3
CELL4
CELL3
1
If
N
TPC _ temp
RL1-2
Page49

10ms/frame
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
TPC
TS0
TS1
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
TS9
TS10
TS11
TS12
TS13
TS14
RLS1
RLS2
RLS3
TS0
TS1
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
TS9
TS10
TS11
TS12
TS13
TS14
RLS1
-1
RLS2
-1
RLS3
-1
TS0
TS1
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
TS9
TS10
TS11
TS12
TS13
TS14
-1
TPC_tempi
TPC_cmd
Page50
Uplink Inner Loop Power Control Parameters

PWRCTRLALG
Parameter name: Power control algorithm selection
The recommended value is ALGORITHM1
ULTPCSTEPSIZE
Parameter name: UL closed loop power control step size
Page51
Contents
Page52
Downlink Inner Loop Power Control

UE L1 compares the measured SIR to the preset target SIR, then derives TPC
and sends the TPC Decision to NodeB.
L3 Set SIRtar
Derive TPCest(k)
( 0, 1 )
DPC_MODE
Inner Loop
Generate PTPC(k)
Calculate P(k)
L1 compare
SIRmea with
SIRtar
NodeB
Derive and transmit

TPC based on
DPC_MODE
Adjust DPCH Tx Power
Page53
UE
Downlink Inner Loop Power Control Mode

Two DPC_MODE (Downlink Power Control Mode) could be used:

If DPC_MODE = 0, UE sends a unique TPC in each slot, UTRAN shall

derive TPCest to be 0 or 1, and update the power every slot;
If DPC_MODE = 1, UE repeats the same TPC over 3 slots, UTRAN

shall derive TPCest over three slots to be 0 or 1, and update the
power every three slots.
Page54
Downlink Inner Loop Power Control Parameters

DPCMODE
Parameter name: Downlink power control mode
The recommended value is SINGLE_TPC, namely DPC_MODE = 0
Page55

After estimating the TPC, the UTRAN shall set the downlink power to
P(k) for k:th slot according to the following formula:
P ( k ) = P ( k 1 ) + PTPC ( k ) + Pbal ( k )
Where
P(k-1) is downlink transmission power in (k-1):th slot
PTPC(k) is the adjustment of downlink power in k:th slot
Pbal (k) is correction value according to the downlink power balance

procedure. For a single radio link, Pbal (k) equals 0.
Page56

PTPC(k) is calculated according to the following:

If the value of Limited Power Increase Used parameter is Not

Used , then:
+ TPC
PTPC ( k ) =
TPC
if TPC est ( k ) = 1
if TPC est ( k ) = 0
Where
TPCest (k) is uplink received TPC of the k:th slot
TPC is downlink power adjustment step size
Page57

If the value of Limited Power Increase Used parameter is

Used , then:
+ TPC
PTPC ( k ) = 0

TPC
Where
if TPCest ( k ) = 1 and sum ( k ) + TPC < Power _ Raise _ Limit

if TPCest ( k ) = 1 and sum ( k ) + TPC Power _ Raise _ Limit
if TPCest ( k ) = 0
sum ( k ) =
k 1
TPC ( i )
i = k DL _ Power _ Average _ Window _ Size
Page58

INNER_LOOP_DL_LMTED_PWR_INC_SWITCH
This is one switch in PCSWITCH (Power control algorithm switch)

parameter.
The default value is 0, namely OFF.
POWERRAISELIMIT
Parameter name: Power increase limit
The recommended value is 10dB
Page59

DLPOWERAVERAGEWINDOWSIZE
Parameter name: DL power average window size
The recommended value is 20 time slots
FDDTPCDLSTEPSIZE
Parameter name: FDD DL power control step size
The recommended value is STEPSIZE_1DB, namely 1dB
Page60
Downlink Power Balance

Purpose
Monitor the
Tx power of
NodeBs and
start the DPB
process
The purpose of this procedure is to

balance the DL transmission powers of
more than one Radio Links.
The start and stop of DPB

The power offset of two RLs is greater

than the DPB start threshold, the DPB
process is started
NodeB
NodeB
The power offset of two RLs is less than

the DPB stop threshold, the DPB process
is stopped
DPB process
Page61
Downlink Power Balance Parameters

DOWNLINK_POWER_BALANCE_SWITCH

parameter.
The default value is 0, namely OFF.
DPBSTARTTHD / DPBSTOPTHD
Parameter name: DPB start threshold / DPB stop threshold
The recommended value:

DPB start threshold 8, namely 4dB;
DPB stop threshold 4, namely 2dB.
Page62
Contents
Page63
Outer Loop Power Control

Why we need outer loop power control?
Different curves
correspond to
different multi-path
environment
BLER
SIR
Page64
Uplink Outer Loop Power Control
Measure BLER of received

data and compare with the
BLERtar
Measure SIR and

compare with SIRtar
Out loop
Set BLERtar
Inner loop
Transmit TPC
Set SIRtar
RNC
NodeB
UE
Page65

SIRtar Adjustment
BLER meas ,i ( n 1 ) BLER tar ,i

SIRtar ( n ) = MAX SIRtar ( n 1 ) +
Step i Factor
BLER tar ,i
Where
i is the i:th transmission channel.
n is the n:th adjustment period.
Page66
Uplink Outer Loop Power Control Parameters

OPLC_SWITCH

parameter.
The default value is 1, namely ON
INITSIRTARGET
Parameter name: Initial SIR target value
The recommended value is shown in following table.
Page67

SIRADJUSTPERIOD
Parameter name: OLPC adjustment period
SIRADJUSTFACTOR
Parameter name: SIR adjustment coefficient
The recommended value is 10, namely 1
Page68

BLERQUALITY
Parameter name: Service DCH_BLER target value
SIRADJUSTSTEP
Parameter name: SIR adjustment step
The recommended value is shown in the following table.
Page69

Service
SRB
3.4k
SRB
13.6
k
AMR
12.2k
CSD
64k
PS I/B
8k
PS I/B
16k
PS I/B
32k
PS I/B
64k
PS I/B
128k
PS I/B
144k
PS I/B
256k
PS I/B
384k
SIR init
target value
102
122
102
122
102
102
102
102
102
107
122
142
OLPC
adjustment
period
Service
DCH_BLER
target value
-20
-20
-20
-27
-20
-20
-20
-20
-20
-20
-20
-20
SIR
adjustment
step
10
Page70

The parameters MaxSirStepUp and MaxSirStepDown limit the

adjustment range of the SIRtar , and the algorithm is:
If SIRtar > 0 and SIRtar > MaxSirStepUp ,

then SIRtar (n+1) = SIRtar (n) + MaxSirStepUp
If SIRtar < 0 and ABS( SIRtar ) > MaxSirStepDown ,

then SIRtar (n+1) = SIRtar (n) MaxSirStepDown
The parameters MaxSirtarget and MinSirtarget limit the range of the

SIRtar at any time.
Page71

MAXSIRSTEPUP / MAXSIRSTEPDN
Parameter name: Maximum SIR increase / decrease step
MAXSIRTARGET / MINSIRTARGET
Parameter name: Maximum / Minimum SIR target
Page72

Service
SRB
3.4k
SRB
13.6
k
AMR
12.2
k
CSD
64k
PS I/B
8k
PS I/B
16k
PS I/B
32k
PS I/B
64k
PS I/B
128k
PS I/B
144k
PS I/B
256k
PS I/B
384k
Maximum SIR
increase step
400
500
500
1000
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
Maximum
SIR decrease
step
200
200
200
100
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
Maximum SIR
target
132
132
132
152
132
132
132
132
132
137
152
172
Minimum SIR
target
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
62
Page73
Downlink Outer Loop Power Control

Measure BLER of
received data and
compare with the
BLERtar
L3
Outer loop
set SIRtar
Inner loop
L1
NodeB
Transmit TPC
Measure SIR and

compare with SIRtar
UE
Page74
Summary
In this course, we have discussed function, principle and

common parameters of the following power control algorithm:
Open loop power control
Inner loop power control
Outer loop power control
Page75
Thank you
www.huawei.com

08 WCDMA Power Control

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WCDMA Power Control and

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe the purpose and function of power control

Explain open loop power control and parameters

Explain inner loop power control and relevant parameters

Explain outer loop power control and relevant parameters

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Purpose of Uplink Power Control

Uplink Transmission Character

Uplink capacity is limited by interference level

Uplink Power Control Function

Ensure uplink quality with minimum transmission power

Decrease interference to other UE, and increase capacity

Solve the near-far effect

Save UE transmission power

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Purpose of Downlink Power Control

Downlink Transmission Character

Interference among different subscribers

Interference from other adjacent cells

Downlink capacity is limited by NodeB transmission power

Downlink Power Control Function

Ensure downlink quality with minimum transmission power

Decrease interference to other cells, and increase capacity

Save NodeB transmission power

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of Power Control

Relative power (dB)

Power Control Classification

Open Loop Power Control

Uplink / Downlink Open Loop Power Control

Closed Loop Power Control

Uplink / Downlink Inner Loop Power Control

Uplink / Downlink Outer Loop Power Control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control For Physical Channels

Power control methods are adopted for these physical channels:

" can be applied, " not applied

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Common Physical Channel Power Parameters

Parameter name: Max transmit power of cell

The recommended value is 430, namely 43dBm

Parameter name: PCPICH transmit power

The recommended value is 330, namely 33dBm

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Common Physical Channel Power Parameters

Parameter name: PSCH / SCCH transmit power

The recommended value is -50, namely -5dB

Parameter name: BCH transmit power

The recommended value is -20, namely -2dB

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Common Physical Channel Power Parameters

Parameter name: Max transmit power of FACH

The recommended value is 10, namely 1dB

Parameter name: PCH transmit power

The recommended value is -20, namely -2dB

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Common Physical Channel Power Parameters

Parameter name: AICH power offset

The default value of this parameter is -6, namely -6dB

Parameter name: PICH power offset