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PENDAHULUAN
DEFINISI
Geomorphology
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Geomorphology
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History
Geomorphology was not originally differentiated from
the rest of geography. The first geomorphic model
was the geographical cycle or the cycle of erosion,
developed by William Morris Davis between 1884
and 1899. The cycle was inspired by theories of
uniformitarianism which were first formulated by
James Hutton (1726-1797). Concerning valley forms,
the cycle was depicted as a sequence by which a
river would cut a valley more and more deeply, but
then erosion of side valleys would eventually flatten
out the terrain again, now at a lower elevation. The
cycle could be started over by uplift of the terrain.
The model is today considered too much of a
simplification to be especially useful in practice.
Walther Penck developed an alternative model in the
1920s, based on ratios of uplift and erosion, but it
was also too weak to explain a variety of landforms.
G. K. Gilbert was an important early American
geomorphologist.
KONSEP
MORFOLOGI
a. Konsep kesinambungan
konsep yang mengatakan bahwa
segala sesuatu gejala alam yang
terjadi sekarang juga terjadi
pada masa lampau bisa dari
identitas yang sama
ataupun berbeda.
Geomorphology
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Taxonomy
Different geomorphological processes dominate at different
spatial and temporal scales. To help categorize landscape
scales some geomorphologists use the following
taxonomy:
1st - Continent, ocean basin, climatic zone (~10,000,000
km²)
2nd - Shield, e.g. Baltic shield, or mountain range
(~1,000,000 km²)
3rd - Isolated sea, Sahel (~100,000 km²)
4th - Massif, e.g. Massif Central or Group of related
landforms, e.g., Weald (~10,000 km²)
5th - River valley, Cotswolds (~1,000 km²)
6th - Individual mountain or volcano, small valleys (~100
km²)
7th - Hillslopes, stream channels, estuary (~10 km²)
8th - gully, barchannel (~1 km²)
9th - Meter-sized features
Its use, however, is rare and may be misleading - the
nature of landscape change may be better viewed as a
continuum of coupled processes.
HUBUNGAN GEOLOGI,
FISIOGRAFI DAN GEOMORFOLOGI
GEOLOGI FISIOGRAFI
1. Mineralogi/Petrografi 1. Meteorologi/Klimatologi
2. Stratigrafi/Paleontologi 2. Hidrologi/Oceanografi
3. Geomorfologi 3. Geomorfologi
GEOMORFOLOGI
UNIT GEOMORFOLOGI TENAGA GEOMORFOLOGI
ORDO 1 & 2 1. Air permukaan
1. Vulkanik 2. Air tanah
2. Struktural: 3. Gelombang, Arus
a. Dataran 4. Gletser
b. Plateau 5. Angin
c. Kubah (Dome)
d. Lipatan
e. Patahan/Blok
f. Komplek
HUBUNGAN UNIT
GEOMORFOLOGI, TENAGA
GEOMORFOLOGI DAN PROSES
GEOMORFOLOGI
GEOMORFOLOGI
UNIT GEOMORFOLOGI TENAGA GEOMORFOLOGI
PROSES GEOMORFOLOGI
PELAPUKAN GERAK MASSA BATUAN EROSI
1. Mekanis/Fisika 1. Rayapan 1. Fluvial
2. Kimia 2. Aliran 2. Abrasi
3. Biologi 3. Longsorlahan 3. Ablasi
4. Terban 4. Glasiasi
TANAH DENUDASI
BENTUKLAHAN/LANDFORM ORDO 3
1. Vulkanik 4. Fluvial 7. Glasial
2. Struktural 5. Marine 8. Karst
3. Denudasional 6. Angin 9. Organis
LATIHAN UNTUK QUIZ !!!
2. SIKLUS GEOMORFOLOGI
KAITAN PERUBAHAN
BENTUKLAHAN (LANDFORM)
MENURUT WAKTU DAN IKLIM
PERBEDAAN BENTUKLAHAN
(LANDFORM) DENGAN
BENTANGALAM (LANDSCAPE)