1

PrecisionandAccuracyofVolumetricGlassware/Density
ShirleyChang,SasinapaPanavaravatn,JovitaRamos,VivianYu
Ansari
14September2015

Introduction:
InExperiment1:PartA,wedeterminedtheprecisionandaccuracyofdifferentchemical
glasswarebycomparingtheirvolumeusinginstrumentsthatareusedtocontainandtodeliver
solution.Weuseda150mLbeaker,50mLgraduatedcylinder,and50mLvolumetricflaskto
containdistilledwater.The50mLburetand10mLpipetweretheotherinstrumentsthatwere
usedtodeliverthesolutionintotheemptycontainers.Afterrecordingallofourdata,we
evaluatedthemeasurementstofindoutwhichchemicalglasswaremeasuredbothaccuracyand
precisionfromcalculatingtheirpercenterrorandstandarddeviation,respectively.
InExperiment1:PartB,wedeterminedthedensityofanunknownsolutionofNaClas
preciselyaspossible.Byhavingourxvaluesrepresentedasthesolutionsmasspercentandour
yvaluesasitsdensity,weplotteddatapointsfromallfoursolutionstowhichhadproduceda
linearfunction.Havingutilizedthismethod,astandardcurveandthemasspercentofthe
unknownNaClsolutionwasestablishedonthelineofthegraph.

MaterialsandMethod:
Equipment:
10mLpipet
50mLburet
50mLgraduatedcylinder
50mLvolumetricflask
150mLbeaker
Procedure:
1. Withdraw(TD)orpour(TC)distilledwateruptothevolumelimit
2. Recordtheexactvolumetothehundredthsdecimalplaceinmilliliters
3. Measurethemassofanemptycontaineringrams
4. Usetheequipmentstopourtheamountofwaterintotheemptycontainer
5. Measurethemassofthecontainerincludingthewater
6. Recordallmasses

7. Tofindmassofthewater,subtractthetwomasses(massofcontainerwithwaterand
emptycontainer)
8. Usingathermometer,recordthetemperatureofthewaterby C
9. Findthedensityofthewaterbyusingtheformula = M
V
10. Afterrunningthreetrials,comparethedatawiththegiveninformationfromLabPacket
(page11)
11. Usethestandarddeviationformulatofindeachinstrument'spreciseness
12. Usethepercenterrorformulatofindeachinstrument'saccuracy

DataandGraph:
PartA:
Table1.Pipet(10mL)
Trial

Massof
Massof
empty
containerw/
container(g)
H
O(g)
2

Volumeof
H
O(mL)
2

Massof
H
O(g)
2

Measured
H
O
2
(g/mL)

Temperature Accepted Percent

ofH
O( C) (g/mL) error
2
(%)

106.556

114.23

8.0

7.68

0.96

24 C

0.9973

3.6%

106.556

114.41

8.0

7.86

0.98

24 C

0.9973

1.7%

106.556

114.38

8.0

7.83

0.98

24 C

0.9973

2.1%

Accepted
(g/mL)

Percent
error
(%)

Average%Error:2.5%
StandardDeviation:0.01g/mL

Table2.Buret(50mL)
Trial

Massof
empty
container(g)

Massof
containerw/
H
O(g)
2

Volumeof
H
O(mL)
2

Massof
H
O(g)
2

Measured
H
O
2
(g/mL)

Temperature
ofH
O( C)
2

106.556

150.57

40.0

44.02

1.10

24 C

0.9973 10.3%

106.556

150.28

40.0

43.73

1.09

24 C

0.9973 9.57%

106.556

150.15

40.0

43.60

1.09

24 C

0.9973 9.25%

Average%Error:9.72%
StandardDeviation:0.006g/mL

Table3.GraduatedCylinder(50mL)
Trial

Massof
empty
container(g)

Massof
containerw/
H
O(g)
2

Volumeof
H
O(mL)
2

Massof
H
O(g)
2

Measured
H
O
2
(g/mL)

Temperature Accepted
ofH
O( C) (g/mL)
2

Percent
error(%)

73.244

113.02

40.0

39.77

0.994

24 C

0.9973

0.319%

73.244

112.97

40.0

39.72

0.993

24 C

0.9973

0.473%

73.244

113.25

40.0

40.01

0.999

24 C

0.9973

0.213%

Average%Error:0.3349%
StandardDeviation:0.004g/mL

Table4.VolumetricFlask(50mL)
Trial

Massof
empty
container(g)

Massof
containerw/
H
O(g)
2

Volumeof
H
O(mL)
2

Massof
H
O(g)
2

Measured
H
O
2
(g/mL)

Temperature
ofH
O( C)
2

Accepted
(g/mL)

Percent
error(%)

37.35

87.09

50.0

49.74

0.995

24 C

0.9973

0.271%

37.35

87.11

50.0

49.76

0.995

24 C

0.9973

0.189%

37.35

87.17

50.0

49.82

0.996

24 C

0.9973

0.129%

Average%Error:0.196%
StandardDeviation:0.0007g/mL

Table5.Beaker(150mL)
Trial

Massof
empty
container(g)

Massof
containerw/
H
O(g)
2

Volumeof
H
O(mL)
2

Massof
H
O(g)
2

Measured
H
O
2
(g/mL)

Temperature
ofH
O( C)
2

Accepted
(g/mL)

Percent
error(%)

68.343

195.88

130.0

127.54

0.9811

24 C

0.9973

1.620%

68.343

195.49

130.0

127.15

0.9780

24 C

0.9973

1.939%

68.343

195.54

130.0

127.20

0.9785

24 C

0.9973

1.883%

Average%Error:1.814%
StandardDeviation:0.002g/mL

PartB:
Graph1.DensityPercentMass

SampleCalculations:
PartA:
Tocalculatethemassofwaterforeachmeasuringdevice(10mLpipet,50mLburet,50
mLgraduatedcylinder,50mLvolumetricflask,and150mLbeaker),weusedtheformula
W=TC
Forexample:
Massofwater(W)=Massofcontainerwithwater(T)Massofemptycontainer(C)
W=114.2 3 11g106.55 5 5g
W=7.6 7 56g
W 7.68 g

Tocalculateitsdensity,weusedtheformula

=
Forexample:
Density=Mass Volume

=7.6 7 56g/7. 9 8mL

=0.9 6 18g/mL
0.96g/mL

M
V

Tocalculatethepercenterror(%error)ofitsdensity,weusedtheformula
%error= ||(

experimentalvalueacceptedvalue |
)| (100%)
acceptedvalue

Forexample:
%error= ||( 0.96180.9973
)|| (100%)
0.9973
%error= || 0.035596|| (100%)
%error=0.0 3 5596(100%)
%error=3. 5 596%
%error 3.6%

Tocalculatetheaveragepercenterror(ave%error),weaddedallthepercenterrorsfromeach
trailanddivideditbythetotalnumberofthepercenterrors.Inthiscaseweusedtheformula
ave%error=
%error1+%error2+%error3+...%errorn
.

n
Forexample:
ave%error= %error1+%error2+%error3

3
ave%error=
3.5596+1.7447+2.126

3
ave%error=2.47677%
ave%error 2.5%
Tocalculatethestandarddeviationofeachinstrument,weusedtheformula
SD=

(xxi)2

N1

Forexample:
SD=

(xxi)2

N1

x =
averagedensity
= 0.9618+0.9799+0.976097
=
0.97 2 599
3
xi =x
,x
,x
=
0.9 6 18,0.9 7 99,0.9 7 6097
1
2
3
N=3

SD=

(0.9725990.9618) +(0.9725990.9799) +(0.9725990.976097)

31

SD=
SD= 0.000091073

0.0001166+0.00005331+0.00001224

SD=

0.000182146
2

SD=0.00 95432 g/mL

SD=0.01g/mL

PartB:
Tocalculatetheconcentrationofmasspercent(%mass),weusedtheformula
masssolute
Masspercent=
( massofsolution
)(100%)

Forexample:
0.50
%mass=
( 25.00
)(100%)

%mass=2.00%

Tocalculatethedensity,seethesamplecalculationfromPartA.

Conclusion:
PartA:
Basedonourtrials,thevolumetricflaskisthemostreliableinstrumentforaccurate
measurements.Wespeculatethisbecauseofitsnarrowneckwhichmakesitextremelysensitive
totakeinandoutliquids.However,theburetwasdeemedtobetheleastaccurateinour
experiment.Accordingtoourdata,theaveragepercenterrorforthevolumetricflaskwas
0.196%,whereastheaverageoftheburetwas9.72%.Duringthetrialsfortheburet,itcanbe
hypothesizedthattheburetwasunabletoretainwaterduetoconstantleakagefromafaulty
pump.Theconstantleakagemadeitdifficulttotransferthesameamountofcontainedliquid
fromonebeakertoanother.Inaddition,theaccumulationofairpocketsinsidetheburetcan

throwmeasurementsoff.Incontrasttotheburet,thevolumetricflaskdidnotleakandair
pocketswereleastlikelytooccur,thusbeingourmostreliabletoolformeasuringvolumes.
PartB:
Thestandardcurveshowsthecorrelationbetweenthedensityofthesaltwatersolutionto
theconcentrationofsalt.Ourgraphshowsthatthehigherthemasspercentofsalt,thehigherthe
density.Parallelscanbedrawntotheunknownwiththeknowndensityandthelinearequationof
2
y=0.0067x+0.994wherey=densityandx=masspercent.Ther
,whichis0.996onour

standardcurve,accountsfortheprecisionofthemeasurementsonthegraph.Withthe =

M
V

,we

calculatedthedensitytobe1.035g/mL.Sincedensityisy,wecannowcalculateourxwhich
allowsustohypothesizethemasspercenttobe6.