BASIC ENGINEERING

PACKAGE
CAUSE

& EFFECT DIAGRAMS

Ashwin Chandarana

BASIC ENGINEERING PACKAGE

CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAMS

Cause & Effect Diagram is a graphical tool

that displays possible causes of an event

It works two-fold:

Identify the possible causes of a problem/

event
Define the outcome of an event/ occurrence

BASIC ENGINEERING PACKAGE

CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAMS

Cause & Effect Diagrams are helpful in

many ways:

Identification of problematic areas

Orderly and easy-to-read format
Encourages group participation
Increases process knowledge
Increases the safety

Cause & Effect Diagrams are represented

in two forms:

Fishbone diagram
Matrix

BASIC ENGINEERING PACKAGE

CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAMS

Fishbone diagram

BASIC ENGINEERING PACKAGE

CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAMS

Matrix

Effect Effect X

Effect Y

Cause
Cause A

Cause B

Cause C
Cause D

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CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAMS

In Chemical industries, the Matrix form of

Cause & Effect diagrams is used popularly

The inputs required for preparing Cause &

Effect Matrix are:

P & I Diagrams
PDS
Instrument list
Operating and Control philosophy
Vendor information

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CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAMS

Cause & Effect diagrams are an important

input for HAZOP study of the project.

The recommendations of HAZOP are back

incorporated into Cause & Effect diagrams

The Cause & Effect diagrams finally go as

input to preparation of Logic diagrams by
Instrumentation discipline