KCHA EBPA3MA: MEXAHH3MbI KYABTYPHbIX TIEPEMEH _ BBIIT. 223. 2009 r. H.A. Huxonacsa OTHOKYJIBTYPHBIE MPOMECCHI HA CEBEPHOM KABKA3E B III-Il TbIC. JO H.9. TIO JAHHbIM APXEOJIO‘MH, JIMHTBUCTHKU MW MUOOrHKN C ray6oxoit zpesnoctu Kapkas Obl COeqMHMTEILHbIM 3BEHOM MEXKTy Eppo- noi u Tepenneit Asueii. B tevenne THcaveseTHii 4epe3 ero TopHBIe nepeBaste! TpOXOAMAN HaposbI Kak ¢ CeBEpa Na FOF, TAK H ¢ ora Ha cesep. B mepuog III THe Jo 11.9, yetaHapsmsaetca KOHTHHYyM Mexay Letpannuoit Exponoii u Cenep- wim Kapka3oM, To Bpipakaeres B cyuectRosaHHn or Lentpanbuoii Espo no Kapkasa TeHeTHHeckh Po/CTBEHHBIX KyqTYp. TO cocToAHHe COxpaHHoce B APXOOTHMECKHX HAMATHVKAX, B HASBAHHAX Pek, Top, MecTHOcTeH, B MUdax Ht npesannsx. Mecrpora sTHHMHeCKOli KapTHI perHona OGYcsIOBCHA He TOMbKO Teo rpapiuecknm nosioxernem Kapkasa, Ho H ocoGeHHOCTAMH samara, KoTOpEtE Ipemonpesenin COXpaHHOCTS MHOTHX HaposHOcTeli H HX ABKIKOB, HX OOBIHAEB, gneMeHTOB OLITORO! KynBTYpEI, onsKAOpHEIX TpaqMunii. B Hactoamee BpeMa na Kapkase MpOxkMBalOT HapOfbl, TOBOPAIIHe Ha ASIKAX CeBepHOKaBKa3cKoli ceMbHt s35IKoB (aOxa30-afbICKUX H HaxcKo-arectaHcKHx) (JIC, 1990. C. 10; Huxonaes, Cmapocmun, 1984. C. 26-34), na kaprnensckux (JISC, 1990. C. 215), nugoesponeiickux (JIDC, 1990. C. 187-189) # TIOpKCKHX A3bIKaX (JISC, 1990. C. 257). TIpeaMetom Hawlero HccueOBAHHA ABISHOTCA OTHOKYABTYPHbIe TIPOWECCh! HA Kapxase p III-Il Tec. 10 8.9., Te. B MepHOs, KOra Mbl MOXKEM YCTAHOBMTh 9THH- Neckyio npupozy HacencnHa Kaskasa 10 MalMbIM IMHTBHCTHKH, apxeonorMH H Mubomrorntt, 810 jLenaeT BOIMOXKHOM PEKOHCTPYKUMI HCTOPHYECKHX MPOLeccos, MMeBIIHX MecTO B JaHHOM perHoHe. Boccosdarb 3THHYECKy!0 HeropHio KapKaza B MIepROGEITHYI0 STIOXY MO3BONAIOT AaHHBIC TPex HayK: apxeosOrHH, CpaBRUTE:b- HO-HCTOpHIeCKOTO HHAOCKPOTeHCKOrO AZKIKOIHANHA H CPABHHTEAbHO-HCTOPHAC- ckoii mubonornn (Huxonaeea, 2001. C, 204 w cm.). Pexonerpykuna sHHPBUCTAMH GopeasHoro (espasuiicKoro) (dndpees, 1995. C. 3-19), uocrparmueckux (TIC, 1990. C. 339), upaadppasniicKoro (JI9C, 1990. C. 55), npacemmrckoro (Munu- mapes, 1984, C. 3-26), npacenepHoKapKascxoro (Huxoxaee, Cmapocmun, 1984. C. 26-34), npaxaprsespcxoro (Kaumos, 1994. C. 8-46) a3b1KoB MO3BOMHIIa BOC- craHaBsuBarh MOptpet UpakYABTYpbI 110 AHHBIM ASEIKA 1 COOTHOCHTD 9TOT HOpT- per ¢ APXCOMOTHYECKHMH KYBTYPaMH, HAXO/DILLMMHCA B TEX 2KC BPCMEHHBIX PaM- kax M1 a Toil Ke TeppRTOpHM, KOTOPHIe OTIPELeMAOTCH TAKE HCXOLA M3 NeKCHKH npasshika!, 410 HO3BOAHTO paspaDoTaTs MeTORKY YcraHoBNeHuA ITHIECKOH Ha conpemenHon 9tane JMHTBHCTHKA H apXeoNOTHA BsaHMHO OGoramaror ApyT Apyra: Ona- rosaps Gosice ApOSHO! HepHoMUALMM APXEOMOTHAECKHX KYMIBTYP, COOTHOCHMENX ¢ MPaslsbIKAMH ih WX aMaeKTaMG, CpaBuITeILHO C MeHee AubepeHUMpoBANHol’ nepHosMaNHelt MpaxsKIKOB, APXCOMOTHS sHAKETEH HCTOUHHKOM HCTOPHKO-XPOTOTOTHMECKO!L HIKhOpMALWK 118 CPABHUTENHO- HcTOpHMECKOTO ASBIXOSHAHHA, Ha OCHORAHMH KOTOPO MOXKHO YTOUHUTS NepHOAM Sno-IOURH Hpa- 121KPATKHE COOBILEHMA AHCTHTYTA APXEOAOPHH PAH. BBIIT. 223. 2009 r arpuGyuuu apxeonormueckux KyIBTYp, CBAIAHHEIX ¢ MpaxysETypoif, mo AaNHDIM ASbIKa M APXCONOTHH. Ocwopsinasich Ha pesynbratax packonok 8 [IpukyOanbe, Cesepuoii Ocetum B nepuog 1972-1981 rr. Hamu Guia cchopMyaMpoBana KOHMeNMMA KyLTypHO- ucropH4eckoro mpouecca Ha CesepHom Kapxaze B III-II Ts1c. 10 H.9. (Huxonaeea, 1980a. C. 97-120; 1981. C. 77-90; 1982. C. 9-28; 1983. C. 24-43; 1984. C. 73- 76; 1987; 1989. C. 3-74; Huxonaeea, Cabponos, 1983. C. 43-83; Caponos, 1981. C. 51-77; 1982. C. 63-105; 1989a). Kparko ee comepxanne cocTouT B culenyioulem. B XXIII s. a0 4.9. na Cesepnom Kaskaze noapiserca MaiixoncKaa KysBTy- pa. Hocuten stoi xymsrypst mpuxonaT m3 oGnacteit BEICOKNX NMBHNUBALNit 1Oxuoro Jsypesba, CesepHoii Meconoramun. 3ananHocemutcKaa aTpudyuus MaiiKONCKOii KyubIYpuI ycTanaBNuBaeTca Guaroxapa anamoruaM MaiiKonicKOMy kommmexcy B Ten Uytispe (Cagponoe, 1982. C. 63-105; 1989a. C. 242-258; Cagpouos, Huxonaeea, 2003. C. 248-258) n Tens Xasne (Mynuaes, Mepnepm, 2002. C. 20-40) 8 jommne p. XaGyp, BxOAAMUNX B 3arlaj{HOCeEMHTCKoe TocypapcTBO 96aa. Tnemena Maiixonckoii kyAbTypsI 3aHsUIM TeppHropuio OT Hu30BBeB KyGann Ao cpequero Teuenna Tepexa. Ux npeOpipanne na Kapkase 6pi10 MacuraOHEim, HO KPaTKOBPeMCHHBIM, He OCTABHBIINM 3HA4HTeMIbHBIX CieOB B CTaHORICHMH 6pon30B0ro Beka Cesepnoro Kasxasa. Ha Cesepuom Kapkase Maiikonckne 1ieMeHa cHa¥alla CTONKHYsHcb ¢ Hace- JeHVeM, MpesCTABIICHHBIM MaMATHHKaMH THMa HIKHeTO Cros MemoKo, “3aMoK” y Kucnosogcka 4 avanoruunsimn uM. 3TH MaMaTHHKH, OGo3HauaeMBIe KAK “0- MaiixOncKHe”, ABIALOTCA YaCTbIO “OAMHOFO ropH30HTa” B CesepHoM [IpHuepHo- MOPbe, BKAOVAIOMCTO IHCOMMTHYCCKME NAaMATHHKH CO CKMNCTPaMH, MaMATHHKH CpeaHecToroBcKo-KBasIBINCKOi! OONHOCTH H MaMATHHKH HOBOLAHMWIOBCKOLO THIIA (Cagponos, 1989a. C. 195, 358, puc. 52; 19896. C. 249-297). Joammtit ropx- 30HT — 9TO pe3y/IbTAaT B3IAHMOACHCTBUA We3HHTCrPpHPOBAHHBIX Tpynl WeHTpaE- Hoepponeiickux KyIBIYp ¢ aBTOXTOHHEIMH Kynbtypamu CeBeprioro [IpHsepHoMo- pba. Ha 3anaqHeix Tepputopusx Boctounoit Exponsi on naTupyetcs or TpHMOsEA BI-BIL, re. py6exom IV-III ts1c. 20 H.9. Ha Cepeptom Kapkaze ppema roap- BeHHA “OMAiiKOLICKUX” HAMATHUKOB caeyeT OpetenaTs B MATepBasIe TrepBOit nonosunst IIT B. 70 1.9. Bekope Haceaenme maiixonckoit Kymbtypst GbuI0 BHITecHeHO mMpHitens- WaMu C CeBepO-3allaya, HOCHTeAMM KYJIBTYPbl HOBOCBOOOAHEHCKHX jOJIbMe- Hor. Mowke, C OTKPBITHEM HOBBIX MaMsITHUKOB HOBOCBOGOAHEHCKOH Ky«BTypEI (Pesenxun, 1989; Rezepkin, 2000) pacummpennem “HopocBoGogHeHcKoro Ke- paMM4ecKoro KOMMIeKca”, OKAa3aOCb, ITO pA aHaTOrHii NocieAHeMy HaXOAMT- ca ne TombKo B KBK, KINA, no mB namatnuKax Bosepasa (pannero Bayena), coeaHHMBUIHX B ceGe veprsi KBK u nosanero Jenabeaa (Capponoe, 1989a. C, 365-366), 470 cormacyeTca ¢ MOCHeAHMMM BBIBOJaMM 3arla{HOeBponeiicKux uiccaesonareneii o caa3ax KIA u KBK c 6agencoit xymetypoii (Nagel, 1985. C. 27-33). {s3L1Ka 1 BpeMs| apeambHBIX KOHTAKTOB Hx sULasIeKTOR (JoxKono#, 1984, C, 3-21; Fauxperudse, 1984, C. 21-25). 122KCHA EBPASHA: MEXAHH3MbI KYABTYPHBIX TIEPEMEH __BbII1. 223. 2009 r. B Cenepuom TIpuiepromopse nepioa or Bosepasa 20 Hopoceooanoii SanlOIeH TPHNOASCKMMM TaMATHUKaMK nepHoa C2 HW ycaTORCKHMH, HIDKHe- MuxaiiioBcKHMH, KeMH-oOuncKHMA (AYCCP, 1985) « Ky6aHo-qHenposcKHMn (Huxonaesa, Capponoe, 1983. C, 43-83), a Take MaMaTHHKaMM ~peBHe- amuoii Kynbrypei (Aposoll, 1985. C. 95; epeares, 1986. C. 43-53), Koropsie ABAAIOTCA Pe3YbTATOM CMELICHHA SJIeEMCHTOB paga LeHTpalbHoesponeiicKux oueommTHueckHx KysBTyp — Bagena, KIA, KBK, nosqero JIenasena’, Ha Cesepom Kaskaze 3Tomy ropH30HTy COOTBeTCTBYIOT MaMATHHKH THMA HHVKHETO cnos Memoxo, “3aox” y Kucaosoncka, noc. Cao6oaHoe, noaxypraniibie 10- rpe6enua co “ckunerpamn” B Apxape a JbKanrpe (Cagponos, 1989a. C. 195, 358, puc. 52; 19896. C. 249-297). Takyio apxeonoruuecky10 KapTHHy MoxkHO H3BaTb KOHTHHYYMOM Mexay IleHtpatsHoi Enponoii u Kapka3om 80 BTopoii noaopune IIT Tbic. 10 #.9. B navane XXII 8, 10 H.9. nleMeHa HOBOCROGOsHEHCKO! DONBMeHHO! KysTb- ‘Typhi 3aHMMaLor npegropya 3anaquoro TIpukyGaHeA, Tora KaK B crenax TIpH- KyOaHba pacnpoctpanmorca HOcHTeNH KyGaHO-aHeMpoBcKoi KysbTypst (KJUK) © TOBO3KAMH 1OKaTaKOMOHOTO BPeMCHH (BMepBBIe UX HAMATHHKH BBUICIEHbI HaMH 8 1978 r. 4 ormetenbi OT ApesHeamubix) (Huxonaeea, 1980a. C. 29-30; Huxonae- ea, Cabponos, 1983. C. 43-83; Cagponos, 1989a. C, 205-217). O6e kyabrypst CHHXPOHHBI Ha GombMei ¥aCTH Hx COBMecTHOTO MpeOEIRAHHa B 3anagHoi YacTH Ceseproro Kaska3a u IIpenkapkasba, Pak cyulecrBonanma Mex”y HUMH ape- ANbHBIX KOHTaKTOB cilemyeT H3 OONapyxerHa B KJIK Kepamu4eckoro KoMMTeKca HOBOCROGOAHEHCKOI KysiurypbI (Cadpponos, 1989a. C. 364, puc. 58). Tpaauumio Kysstypsr ZonbMenos Hosocsooanoii 8 XXI B. 10 4.9. 8 ueH- panbHoit actu Ceseproro KapKa3za HenocpeacTnenio mpofomxaior miemena kyGano-repcxoii kyabTyppt (tanee KTK), nockoubKy B morpeGenuax KTK naiine- HbI MeTazLIMYecKHe Tonops! HOBOCBOGoNHeHCKOTO Tuna (JisyapuKay 1/15: Hurxo- naeea, Capponos, 1980. Puc. 3. C. 24). Xpononoruyeckue pamxu KTK — XXI- XIII ss. 0 1.9. TnaBubimu CocTaBssO1MMH 9TOH KybTypsI HaMH GbLTH HasBaHDt KYABTYpa WapoBHANBIX aM(op 1 KYABTypa CTApuleTO TOPHIOHTa MIHYPOBBIX Kepa- Mux (aasree KIIK), Gamxaitme naMatTHUKu KOTOpHIx HaxogsTea B Mastonosbue, Tipukapnarse. OnnaKo Ha Matepnaaax MorusibiHKa y c. JIsyapuxay (Huxonaesa, Cagponos, 1980. C. 31, puc. 3, 4, 7) MbI ToKazamt, 1TO OKOHMATEMBHOE opMH- popanve Ky6ano-repcKoit kyabrypst (KTK) mpoucxomur Ha Ceneprom Kasxaze Gnarofapa KOHTaKTaM C MOCTKYpo-apaKCKUMH KYsbIYpAMH paHHeOpoH30B0ro Beka 3akaBKasba (Huxonaesa, Cappouoe, 1980. C. 18-80; Huxonaesa, 1984; Cadponos, 1989a. C. 258-266). 2 Qranyeckas arpuGyuua HOBOcROOoAHEHCKO! KynbTy ppt (HeIITpaNbHoesponelicKoli o NpoHc- xoxJeHMIO) Guia orpenemcHa Hamu B 1974 Pr. KaK “Cosa H3 (bas paBHTHs HHAOEBpONelicKOHt OOMLHO- CTH”; GLIH MpHBeNeHLI HoKasareTbCTHA CBASH KYNBTYpH HoBoCBOGOAHON C KyNBTypOH mIApoBHA- unix amtbop (KIA) Toabiun, Mpuxaprares, Momionbt, a Take ¢ yeaTouckuMH H KeMH-OOHHCKHMI namatinxamu (Huxonaesa, Cappouoe, 1974. C. 174-197). 2 KyOano-suenponcxas KyMbTypa cyulecTHyeT & J\ByX BapHaHTax — crapoceabeKHii B HivkHeM Tloguenponse 1 nonoruropoacKnii » 3anaguom Tpuxy6anse (Teil, 2000). Ham tepsun KYUK o- soe OODEAMHNTE aATOrIMHEIe HCTOPHYECKHE PeasIHN H CHAT TepMUNOIOrNIECKy!0 pasioro- oemuy. 123KPATKHE COOBIUEHHA HHCTHTYTA APXEOAOIHH PAH. BBIIT. 223. 2009 r. B XVIII-XVI gs. 20 4.9. 8 [puxy6anse u Ienrpansuom TpenkasKaspe n10- ABIAIOTCA TICMCHa KaTaKOMOHOH KYBTYpbI, KOTOpas CcbopMHpoRanack Ha Wwro- soctoxe ompum Ha ocHose KINA u KILIK c mpusnecenvem 8 ux KynbTypHy10 cpeny HoROro KaTaKoMOHoro Obpana NorpedeHHA, 3aMMCTBOBAHHOTO y CTpoHTe- new Meranutos Cesepo-3anaqnoli Ppanuun (kyasrypa Censi, Ya3ni, Mapu) (Huxonaesa, Cadponos, 1981. C. 4-26). Camsie mpesrine KaraKoMGnI ¢ KOMIUIeK- com KIIK (buxcupytores & Kynbrype 3n0ra (Masiononsmia), KoTopas naTHpyeTct XX B. n0 H.9. (Krzak, 1976). Yacte KaTaKOMGHBIX NaMATHHKOB B UeHTpaTbHOit sacra Cesepuoro Kagka3a (Horup-I[puropogusiii: Huxonaesa, 1981; Cadpouoe, 1981) conep:kur kepamu4ecknii KoMruIeKc KTK, 470 ropoput 0 MHpHBIX KOHTTAK- Tax Ky6aHO-TepcKOii KYsBTYpHI C eHETHYECKH PosCTREHHO! KaTAKOMOHOIL KysIb- Typoit [lentpanbuoit Espomsi. OnnaKo 970 He HcKMOYAeT COXpaHeHHe BIIOTH Qo KoGaHcKoli 9N0xH TpagHUHii Hacenenua KTK un B uncrom Buse (Huxoraeea, 2009a). B Tevenue Bcero nepwiona cymectsosanna KTK coxpanaiotea KOHTaKTSI ceBepoKaskascKoro Hacenenna (esponteiicKoro 10 mporcxoxeHMI0) ¢ 10x*KHOKAB- Ka3CKHM, HOCHTeeM KapTBeNbCKHX A3bIKOB, Garofaps YeMy BIIOT AO CepenH- not XIII 8. 20 1.9. Cesepneiit Kapxa3 cra ueHTpom Metantyprun H MeTas1006- paOoTkH AI TeHeTHYeCKH poxCTBeHHOrO CeBepoKaBKa3cKoMy “eBporeiicKkomy” Hacenlenuio “karakoMOnoro” Mupa Bocrounoii Espomst (Cadponos, 1974. C. 23— 174). B xonne XTIM-XII p. 10 4.9. Ha teppuropun Cesepuoit u KOxnoit Oceran opmupyercs Ha MecTHoM cy6crpate (KOTOpEIM Morita OBITb TOsbKO KyOAHO-Tep- ckaa KynbTypa) KoGaHcKaa Kyssrypa. [o stoi NpH4HHe MOxHO cTaBHTS BoNpoc o “esponelickux KOpHAX”, a CraslO OLITS, H OO HHAOEBpOHelicKOi aTpuGyUHH KO- OancKoii KyABTYpEI. Takum o6pa30M, Ha Cesepxom Kasxase c kona III thic. 40 H.9. H 20 IV B. TO ¥.9. (KOHeM CyMecTRORAHHs KOGAHCKO! KyNBTYpsI) MpoxkMBaso Hacemenne, KOTOPoe H3HAYaTBHO GBI CBAZAHO CBOHM MporcXoxKeHHeM c LenTpambHoit Esponoii, NOcTOAHHO MOJLepxKBANO KOHTAKThI C LEHTPasIbHOeBpOreiicKHM pe- THOHOM B III-II reic. 40 4.9. 4 BuOTE 10 XIII B. 40 4.9. Takoii BEIBOA CHeAyeT H3 cpaBnvtenbuo-tHnosorMecKoro anasmu3a KyBTyp Cesepxoro KasKasa Kysb- typ cenepa Llextpasbxoit Exponst — kymTypst mapoRHAHEIX amcop H KysTBTypBI umypoBsix Kepamux (puc. 1-6). PoacTBeHHoe oGuTarensM ueHTpambHoit yacTH Cenepuoro Kaskasa Hacenenne (HocuTenm KaraKoMGuOli KyBTYpBI) NpOxKMBAO B IIpnxy6anne, IMpemkankaspe u B Boctounoii Espone c XVIII no XIII B. 0 1.9. > Puc. 1. Cpasumreasibiii ananus norpeGamsusix coopyxenuii pauie- u cpease6pousonoro BeKa Cesepuoro Kaskasa (uonocnoGoaenckas kyabrypa KTK) w KUIA, KLIK [ewtpansnoii Esponst 1 Cenepusiit Kanxas (10: Mapxoeun, 1978): 1, 2—Tysepnuab Ne 1, Ne 2; 3 ~ HonocsoGonnas; 4~ Haneanxckas rpobima; 5 — Horocrobognas, “BorarupcKas nonsina”, No 158; 6 — Jlayapuxay, kypran 3, norpeGenue 2 (no: Huxoaaeza, Cacpponos, 1980). I~ kyssrypa maponuausix anihop Homan a Yxpamus: 7 — Bolinexonxa Ne 1 (no: JTeeuyxuti, 1929); 2 ‘CxonoGon (110: JTesuyxuii, 1929); 3 — Aneta (no: JTesuyxuit, 1929); 4 — Peumnex, Morusbuo (110: Nosek, 1967); 5 —Mammeska, Isntno (no: Nosek, 1967); 6 — [ananys (m0: Nosek, 1967); 7 — Panecx (no: Nosek, 1967). Ill ~ kyasrypa uypossix kepamuk (m0: Mattias, 1974): 1 — KyxeuSypr; 2 — Ausurrear; 3 — Beprépapaurraut, Kepdypr 124MIEPEMEH _ BbIIT. 223. 2009 r. qulifiee PPM 125KPATKME COOBILEHMA MHCTHTYTA APXEOAOPHH PAH. BbIIT. 223. 2009 r. 1 ML 9 gD Cte. 1 Giles , 21am ‘exer, Qe fi es $ oe eg Qs Rarer Hh SR 0 100cm § : a Can mo ° rad ease Cyaan w Li, j Po 0 30 6 joo Den aon 126KCHA EBPASHA: MEXAHH3MBI KYABTYPHbIX TIEPEMEH _ BbIIT, 223. 2009 r. Tax Ham npeserasiaerca Kyaurypuo-ucToputeckHit mpouece Ha CesepHom Kas- kaze B OPOH30BOM BEKE 10 JaHHBIM apXeOAOrHH. Jaa pexoucrpyknum co6cTBeHHO ucTOpH¥ecKoro Mpouecca HeoGxo;MMO 3HaTb 9THOC, KOTOPBIli COUT 3a apXeosOrHMeECKOHt KyABTYpOil. B pompocax 9rHH4ecKoii arpHOynMM apxeomormueckHx KyabTyp LlexTpasBHOii Exponsi u Ceseproro Kapka3a Mbi ocHosbinacmes Ha KoHuenuHH B.A, Cadpoxo- a 06 HHoeBponeiicKux npaposwnax u Murpattax HOcHTeseH HHLoeRpOTIelicKHX JManeKTOB C HX LeHTpalbHoeBponeiicKkoli mpapOAMHbI Ha BOCTOK HM FOPO-BOCTOK B Ill tic. no 4.9. 1 APYTHX HaWMX paspaSoTKaXx PAHHHX 9TANOB WBOMOIUI HHAO- epponeiicKoii stHOMMUrBHCTHYECKOIt OOMHOCTH (HuKoraesa, Cadpoxos, 1999. C. 238-306; Cadponoe, Huxonaeea, 2003. C. 125-140; Capponos, 1989a)'. ary pacnana npawHzoesponelicKoii oGuyHocTH MbI npHHuMaen IV ToIc. 10 #.9., To JaHHBIM AHurBucToB (Tawxperudze, Heanoe, 1984). DkBHBATeHTOM mIpaHi- moesponeiicKoii OGIIHOCTH Ha cpeuieM eBpomnteticKoM 3TaNe ee 3BONIOUNM HAMM — Puc. 2. Cpasmuirenpuniii anan3 norpeGanbisx coopyaxcuitli paHHe- # cpeaHe6pous0xoro Beka Cenepuoro Kapxasa, KIA m KIIK 1—Cesepunitt Kapras: 1 - Tenenranx, X66 (no: Mapkoaun, 1978); 2— HosocsoGontias (no: Mapxoaun, 1978); 3 Hanan (no: Mapoaun, 1978); 4 Dero-Caox (no: Mapxosun, 1978); 5 ~ HoxyGra (no: Mapxoeui, 1978); 65 — Yersellmeryrituckas, 22/2 (110: Hevumaiixo, 1978); 7 — Yeru-TbxerytuncKas (10: Hewmatizo, 1978) TI — xyavrypa maposnaneix amtbop Tonsumn (no: Nosek, 1967): 1 — Pansex; 2 — Means, TpySemys; 3 Poceton; 4 — Horsipsi; 5 — Ulsirrno, Baowiasex; 6 — comm. III — xymsrypa noporkopnitHix Ky6koD Ht UIUYPOBLIX KepaMint (no: Fisher, 1956): 1 — Llapremu; 2~ @apucrenr; 3 - Texan; 4 ~ HirneGen; 5 TpeGeaopd; 6 ~ 3urrumenGax ‘Or ssigeneuua mpannqoesponeiiuen 43 Gopeanbuoro (eBpasniicKoro) cooGuecTBa 40 pac- naga npanuzoesponciicKoii oOuIHOCTH MpoULO 5,5 THER ser. 3a 9TO BpeMA MpaituAoemportelintst TpeBparianch 43 “OXOTHHKOR Ha CenepHOrO oncHA” 8 “HepBBIX cKoTOBOOB Mupa” (VITI-VI taIc. 0 H.9,), OCKOWIM 3eMLIeNeAHe, TANMCTROBAB HABBIK y NPaabpasuiiues WAM paHNUX npacemitToR (VITI-VIT tute. 0 ¥.9., noetponm cao nepanie npororopoma (Heprxon B, Yaran Tyiox 8 Manoit Asi), OTKPbLIM cRolicTaa MeaHBIX py. M HOBBI MaTepHan — MeTasin (Medb, cBMHEN), HoAOMLIH k wsoperenmio HicLMeHHOcTH. ITH OTKpKITHA MpaNHAoeBponelius caenaIM Ha BawKuem Boc- Toke (pawuenpannaoesponeiicKas npapoxuna) (Hukosaeea, Cabponos, 1999. C. 238-306). Kon- ‘TaKTbI NpanHaoesponeiiues # Masioit Aswa c npaxaprsenamm, 21aMo-ApaBnjaMi, mpaceMuTaMH, TpaappasniiuaMl HauLIM OTPAKEHHE B TIKOBMIX IMNMCTROAHKGX, WITH ABLIK HASKIBAIOTCA wocrparmucckunm. Parnenpannaoenponelicxuii Yaran [yk crax uewrpom Hocrparnueckoro apeansroro corsa. B VI Thlc. 0 #.. ¢ HawaHOM sacyuLAMBoro nepHona ws Manoii A3HH yxonaT B Espony chavana cesepHokasxa3ubl, YTO MpHBOAUT K HeONMTHSaNHM BanasHol Hatem, B IV TBIC. 20 4.9., — Bocrounoit Esponsi. B cepeaune V Tsic, 20 1.9. na Cenepusix Basikatiax nonpaaerea kyibrypa Bustua, Koropas xapaxtepisyer cpeaunii 9Tam passTua npannjoenponeiicKoit o6uLt0- CTH (AanuBLe sBbIKA_H THHOTOTHYECKAK CBAs ¢ Taran T'yioKom) (Cadsponos, Huxoraeaa, 2003. C. 125-140), Hxaoesponemannsa Espomst onperenser nocienmol ctyneHt cywectsozanis MpanuzoeBponelickoii OGUINOCTH: 9TO BMPAKAereA B THMONOTHYECKOH cBASH Kepamuxn Buns, Jlewabes Kyabrypoi BopoukoBHuUIDIx KyOKOR (Capponos, Huxoxaesa, 2003. C. 93-155). Epona craHosnres waaoesponeiicxoii or Peiiua 20 TIpuxapnares, or FOxnoit Cxanmmnasnn 10 Barkan «3000 r. m0 #.9. 127KPATKHE COOBLUEHHA HHCTHTYTA APXEOAOPHH PAH. BBIIT. 223. 2009 r. I 1 1 iif 128KCHA EBPASHA: MEXAHH3MbI KYABTYPHDbIX [IEPEMEH _ BBIIT. 223. 2009 r. npuwuMaeres Kynsrypa Bunya (Cadponos 1989a. C. 71-93). Ho3sanemnaoespo- TeiicKUMH 1pakysbtypaMu MBI cuHTaeM TaIwxe JIensben u KBK, a unoerponeii- CKHMH — npon3BorHEIe oT KBK u JIengpen, t.c. KINA, KLIK, Bagen. Tipauuacesponeiickaa xynsrypa Buna (stopas nonosuna V-IV Talc. 10 H.9.) o6ocHoBaHHo MoxeT CUHTaTéCA ApeBHeiiuel uMBHAM3auMeit Craporo CreTa, 110- CKONBKY B Ce MAMATHHKAX 3aUKCHpOBAHBI [PeBHeHIaT TMCbMeHHOCTS, ropoxa pemecaa. C noasienvem Burum wa Bankanax navanacb mijoesponensanis Expomtsi, 1101 KOTOpOii MBI TOHMMaeM pacHpocTpaeHMe MPOM3BOMHBIX OT KYIIb- typet Bursa — uHgoesponciicKux Kyssryp JTenqben u KBK, ¢ cepepa Basan 10 1Oxuoii Ckanannasnn. K noaqmenpamaaoesporeiicKoii o6upOCTH MOKHO TaKKKe upwcoexuHMTs KyssTypst Tpunonse Bu PyMemsumuy, RO3HMKIIMe Ha BHHYAH- cKOM cyOcTpare C BK/ONCHHCM aBTOXTOHHEIX HeoMMTHYeCKHX KysBTyp (HuKo- taega, 1986, C. 9-12). Takum o6pa3om, Espona or Basikan 10 CkaHaMHaBHn 1 _ or Peiiva 0 JIHectpa oKa3biBaeTca npucocamHenHolt K OOacTaM apeBHeMiumHMx nHBMMsaLui. B npouecce wnqoesponen3anun Esponsi cesepxas BeTBb NpanHyzoesporeli- ckoit OSMHOCTH, KOTOpad COOTBETCTBYCT apeary KYBTYPbI BOPOHKOBUANBIX KyO- KOB, KYJIBTYPHI WapOBH/AMBIX aMMOp HM KYJBTYPHI WNYpOBLIX KepamuK B III TBIC. Ho 1.9., pasBuBaetca B Texenne 3500-3000 rr. 10 4.9. H30THpoBAHHO OT 1OxKHOI BeTBH, MaTepuanu30BaHHoll B LOMepHNX KyABTypax BUHYH HB MPOMSROAHBIX OT kyabrypbi JIcnabea. OGnacte pacnpocrpaenua cesepnoii BeTBH No3qHeHHTOCB- poneiicxolt oOmHOcTH copmasaeT c apeaslOM HHjOeBponeiicKoit rHApOHUMHM OT Peiitia go Bucui, Koropas Obi1a o6o3Hayena I. Kpae kak “apesneesponeiicKas” (Krahe, 1962; 1964), nosromy, no T. Kpae, apesneesponelickoti cram na3bi- Bath 3THOMMHTBHCTHYECKYIO OGmHOCTS TV-IIT THIc. 20 4.9. B 9TOM apeame, a apepneesporedicKHMM HapovaMu — KenbTOB, HTAMKOB, WLIMpHiiLeR, repMaHUes, GaNnToR, cnaBsH, MOCKOABKY OHH HPOKUBaNH Ha 9TO!! TeppHTopHM B HcTOpHHe- ckMe BpeMeHa, COXpanas KYIBTYpHy!0 acTadery or III Thic, 40 H.9. BO MHOrHX gneMeHTax Kynbrypsi, CooTHeceHHe TeppuTOpHM HM XpoHONOrMMEcKHX rpaHHti, apxeonormueckux kyssryp IV-III tu1c. 10 H.9. oT Peiia 0 Bucasi c oGnacTHHo APeBHeesponciicKol THAPOHHMMM MpHBOAHT K 3aKMOYCHHIO, ITO KysBTYpa Pue. 3. Cpannirensutiit ananus Kepamuueckoro uiBeHtapa KTK, KIA I~ cocyaui xyGanio-repexoit xyastype: / - Hormp 1/15 (nto: Huxanaesa, 1980a); 2 — Yers-Jbxerytnaexan 17/1; 3 — Yorw-Jbxeryrnuckas 19/1; 4 — Yers-flwerytmnckas 19/1(2); 5 —Yere-Hhxeryrunckas 33/2 (no: Hewumaiino, 1978); 6 —Xaasinaon-Ypyx 5/3; 7— Xasunaow 1/2; 8 —Horup (puropoamniit) 1/8; 9 Xasnwron-Ypyx 2/4; 10 — Xasnwion-Ypyx 1/3; 1/ ~ Xasunaon-Ypyx 5/1; 12 — Xaswnton-Ypyx 2/4 (no: Huxcaaesa, 1981). TI wepanutxa KILLA Tlonsuin Yxpami: ! ~Kaxscx, UlneGoann (no: Nosek, 1967); 2 Moasua (no: Wislanski, 1966); 3 - Kaeentosuue, Fysanst, B/IV (no: Nosek, 1967); 4 — Kyunna, Baowsasex (no: Nosek, 1967); 5 — Ckouxa, [ly6nn (no: Nosek, 1967); 6 — Hapa, Octpyaa (10: Nosek, 1967); 7 — Pomans, Lsurrno (no: Nosek, 1967); 8 Baxeammn (110: Nosek, 1967); 9, 10 — Cyewubi, Boabins (110: Tesuykuii, 1929); 1] — Torsura (no Wislanski, 1966), 12 ~ Ponau, Isuruo (m0: Nosek, 1967) STepmun T. Kpae “/Ipenias Enpona”, nox Koropsim nompasymesaiorea uizoesponeiicKne peau, He cneayer nytars ¢ Tepaimtiom M, TamGyrac “Crapas Enpona”, oGosHayaiouiiM 201H10- esponelicxyi Enpony (Tumbymac, 2006. C. 387). 5. KCHA, atin, 223 129KPATKME COOBIJEHMA MHCTHTYTA APXEOAOPHH PAH. BBIIT. 223. 2009 r. 130KCHA EBPASHA: MEXAHH3MbI KYABTYPHbIX IIEPEMEH _ BBIIT, 223. 2009 r, BoponkoBHHBIX ky6KoB IV-III THIC. 0 H.9.—9TO H MOcHeAHAA cTyTIeHD pasBuTHA TO3qHEMALOeBponeiicKol OOUHOCTH, H HaYasO CyUleCTBOBaHHA LpeBHeeBponeii- cKoii o6uoctH’. B III reic. go 4.9. B CBa3H C apHyM3auMelt KIMMaTa MpHXxoAsT B ABWKe- HHe pasHble TpyTitibl HALOeBpONeiives (MNAOMpPAaHULI, TOXapEI), B TOM UNcHe H “apepneesponeliuer” (Huxoraesa, 2006; 2007; 2009a). Hmento » cpexe KBK, no3anero JIenzbena u panuero Bagena 3apoxjaetca HoRas chopMa 3KOHOMHKH — ToyKoueBOe cKOTOROACTEO. KYAKTYpa BOPONKOBHAEIX KYOKOR, ompenensemas kak “apesneesponeiicxan”, pacnanaetea 6 XXVIII B. 70 1.9. Ha TpH KysETypHI: nepsaa — co6crsenno KBK, Koropaa cyulecrsyer Ha tepputopun Tepmannn, Tonsum, Yexnn, Mongorsi, 3akapnatbs 10 XXIII B. 10 u.9.; BTopas — Kyabrypa maposusunx ambop (KIA), oxsarusuiaa Te xe TeppHTopHH, HCyesaIouIaA B 3a- nalHOM BapnanTe onnospemenno c KBK, Ho pasbuBaioulaaca B BOCTOUHOM BapH- aure 1 Ha BOCTOUNBIX rpanHnax pocrurmas J[Menpa kK XXIII w, 0 0.9. (AYCCP, 1971. C. 240-250), tperbs — kyerypa wHypoBbix KepamuK (KILIK) 1 Goepstx ronopos (AYCCP, 1985. C. 292-317), o6pasosasuiaa BMecre c KIA nepssie kaTakKOMOHble TaMATHHKH 30TEI XXI-XX Bp. 70 H.9. (Krzak, 1976; Huxonaesa, Cagponos, 1981. C. 4-26). Hocurenm na3pannpix “apesneesponeticxux” Kymb- TYP MpHULAN B ABUXKeHUE BO Bropoii ONOBHHE III TsIC. Jo H.9., LocTHTIM CeBep- uoro Kasxaza k XXII B. 20 4.9. 4 TIpHHANH yaacTHe B opMupoRAHMH MecTHOrO 6poH30R0TO Reka B STM pernone (Huxonaeca, 2006. C. 3 c7.). Cpasaurespuo-runonormuecknii anann3 KepaMuKH M norpeGambuoro oGpaa KINA u xombMenos Hosocso6oanoit onpenenaet arpr6ynmto Honocnobosnoii kak “apesHeesponteiicky10” (Cadponos, 1989a. C. 217-242). Cosmemenue apea- 1a HUjoapuiicKoli TonoHHMUKH oT Kapnat 20 Boctounoro [puasonba (TpyOaves, 1999. C. 220-238) u apeasia ky6ano-sHenpoBcKoit KyABTYpBI MO3BONHNO yeTaHO- BUTS STHHYECKyIO aTpHOymMIo KIIK c noBo3Kamu Kak uHWoapHiicKy1o (Huxonae- 6a, Cabponoe, 1983; Cadpponoe, 1989a. C. 155 1 cxt., 205 u ca.) Bsulesenue kyGano-repeKoii kyssrypst (Huxonaeea, 1980a. C. 97-120; 1987) 3 aMopdHoro Macciipa aMaTHMKoB Beero Cesepuoro KanKa3a, 1a3biBaemoro Pue. 4, Cpasnirenbubiit axanns xepavnxn KTK, KINA, KIIK 1 cocysts xySanto-repexoit xyasryptr: J ~ Xasumnzon 1/4; 2 — Hsyapunay 4/1; 3, 4 Asyapuxay 3/2 (no: Huxo- saeea, 19803; 1981); 5—Yerew II, kypran 51 (10: Bemposoe, Havoee, 1973); 6 ~ Yerb-Jboxeryniickas 42/6 (10: Hevumaiino, 1978); 7 — Tsyapuxay 6/1 Tl — cocyaut kyasrypt1 waposimsx axchop (10: Nosek, 1967): J ~ Momsma; 2 ~ Jaa Crouxn, Hynanss P rpoGuina 1; 3—Pantu6oposune, Tpyemtys; 4 ~ Berren, Bnowrasex; 5— BepSowo, Husnua; 6—Kaemenrosnue, Ty.rawsu IIL ~ cocyast xyasrypst unyponoit kepamaxn: /—Kerpst, Onoascxe, rpoGusua 2711; 2 ~ Jposa, rpodunua 8 (no: Lucas, 1965); 3, 4 ~ KLIK (no: Lowe, 1959) °C momenta onpeaerenua stH¥ecKoit aTpHOyINM apxeonOrHMeCKHX KyTBTYP KAK MHLOER~ pontelickux Jonyerumo HcomDSoBanNe ABOHiO!t TepMMHOTOTHH — STHOAMHTBHCTHMECKOH H Kystb~ TyPHO-apXeouOrH4ecKoll, HOITOMY B AaNBiteitmel PeKoNCTpyKUMH HCTOPHNecKOTO MpoLecca MBI GYZeM BKNOYArTh 3BCHbA KYAAKTYPHO-HCTOPHMYECKOTO Mpouecca, KOTOPHIi OGecneveH AAHHBIMK apxeozori. s* 131KPATKHE COOBIUEHHA MHCTHTYTA APXEOAOPHH PAH. BBIIT. 223. 2009 r. 132KCHA EBPA3HA: MEXAHM3MbI KYABTYPHDIX TIEPEMEH _BbIIT. 223. 2009 r. “cenepoxaskascKoii kyssTypoii” (Mapxoeun, 1963), no3Bommo mepeiiTH K peute- Hulo BOMPOCOB ee NpoHexoxeHUs. KyGano-repcKas Kysibtypa (KTK) Gpi1a cono- cTapiena ¢ KylbTypoii maposuqHEx ampop (KIA) Mons x Mpuxapnates 110 norpeGanbHomy oOpany H KepamnKe Hpoucxoxsenue KyGano-repcKoii KysbTYpbI MBI ycranoBHM 10 23 s1eMeH- ‘Tam nlorpeOamuoro oSpaya (pc. 1, 2), mo 33 opmMam KepaMHKH, HMeHOuIHM aNamornn B ocHopuisx THHax Kepamukn KIA u KILUK (puc. 3-6) (Huxonaeea, 1980a. C. 97-120). Vs 29 cneuuduyeckux npusnaxos o6pana norpeGeuua KTK (kypranei 3em- GHbIe, KAMeHHBIC, KAMeHHBIC NaNIMpM, KPoMeXxH, poBMKn, crestbi/MeHTUpsI, kaMeHHas HaGpocka Hal MOFHJOIi, AMbI, MBI TON TUIMTOIL, TOA UMHOBKOI, sIMEI C JWIOM 13 peuvHO!i TANBKH, AMBIC HOM, OOMA3AHHBIM TAMHOI, AMBI 110 HACTHIOM, OOMA3aHHBIM TIMHOM, AMBI, C 3alICHHKAaMH TO) MWIMTOH, AMbI C BbIIOKCHHbIMH IUINTKOi CTeHAMH; SMBI, OKOHTYpeHHBIe KaMHeM 110 Kpaio; AMbI Cc KaMeHHOii 3a- OyTOBKON; AUIMK 13 CILIOMHBIX MINT; AUMKM-CKJICMbI M3 MWIMTKH; AULMKH, BbLIO- XKCHHBIC OYSDKAMKAMH; BBITAHYTOC TONOKEHHE CKeseTA; CKOPYeHHOe Ha GoKy; ckopuenmoe Ha GoKy ¢ pykaMH Tepeyl MMUOM; cKopyeHoe Ha CTMHe; MapHEIe Mf KONNEKTHBHBIC; PHTYANbHbIe 3axXOpOHeHMA %AMBOTHEIX) 22 NIpH3HAKa TIpHcyT- cTBOBaNM B HaMATHHKaX KINA (Huxonaeea, 1980a. Taba. 1. C. 101-103). Takum oGpasom, cxoacrso Mexuy KTK u KIA mo ppijesenmpm npu3nakam morpe6asmb- HOTO O6paya BoctHraer 70%, To TOBOPHT 06 HX OTHOKysBTypHOCTH (Pedopo6- Jased0e, 1987). Cpasnmrenbuo-Tunonormueckuii anasu3 Kepamukn KTK 1m KIA ociopan Ha conocrapsenun 200 cocyzos KIA u KLIK (10 karanoram KIA: Nosek, 1967; Wislanski, 1966; Nagel, 1985; no karanoram KILIK: Behrens, 1973; Lucas, 1965; Léwe, 1959; Mattias, 1974) u 200 cocyaos KyGano-repeKoii KysstypET. [pu Tom, uro BbIGOpKu paBasl, B KTK npeactasnensi pce ocnopusie Tams KITA: | — am- ops maposuausie (Horup V/I5); 2 — amopst kyasckue opHaMentHporannnie (Hormp 1/8); 3 — amopsr apyymixonsie (Horup 1/13); 4 — mucku nomyedepu4e- cue (Jlewnuxaii 4/1); 5 — ky6xu n KyOKoBMaHBIe cocyabl (IsyapuKay 3/2); 6 — amdopxu (Bepxunit Ax6am 1/10; JIsyapuxay 8/5). Ananorum 35 cocynam KTK coorserersytor 33 cocyzam KINA, a kosbunnext cxoncrBa Kyubryp HocTHraet noun 100% no 1/6 sacrH BEIGOpKH KepamuecKoro HHBeHTapA ABYX KyaBTYp. Cueayer nox4epkHYTb, 410 cpaBHHBaeMbic (bOPMS CHOXKHBI H He MOryT HOABATL- CA KOHBeprenTHO B KaxKHOii u3 KysIbTyp (Huxonaesa, 1980a. C. 108; 1987). <«— Puc. 5. Cpannutensio-runosormuecknii aaa KTK, KIA, KLIK I~ cocyats kySano-repexoit xystbryput: 1 ~ J[syapuxay 8/5 (mo: Huxonaeea, 1980a); 2 — Bepxunit AxGau 1/10 (110: Mapkoaun, 1963); 3~ CynoponcKas 7/5; 4— Cysoposcxas 17/15 (io: Hewumaiio, 1979); 5, 6 - Honocaodoauas; 7, 8 Isyapuxay 3/2 (no: Huxonaesa, 1980a). I~ cocyamt kyasrypst uraponiumtnix amipop: J — Tossa (no: Wislanski, 1966, Ne 90a); 2 dprar- ona, Octpyaa (10: Nosek, 1967); 3- Tpenkono, IlusrrHo, rpoGumua 2 (no: Nosek, 1967); 4 ~ Pan- xys-Iapueste, Papeoaun (110: Nosek, 1967); 5 — Cxouxa, Ly6us (uo: Wislanski, 1966); 6 — Craps Muponoa, Ykpanna (no: JTeauyxuti, 1929). TIT — cocysst kysstypst uypoRstx Kepamk (mo: Lucas, 1965). 1 ~ Tepmnx; nammGen; 4 — TepmeGox; — BoGGe; 3 — Kusiin- oper Joma; 6 ~ KasiiarsepGer 133KPATKHE COOBIUEHMA MHCTHTYTA APXEOAOTHH PAH. BBITT. 223. 2009 r. 1 1 1 n 134KCHA EBPA3HA: MEXAHHM3MbI KYABTYPHBIX TIEPEMEH _ BBIIT. 223. 2009 r. Bmecre ¢ TeM co3HaBas TOT (akT, 4TO Bcerfa GyzeT OcTaBaTbCA NpeMeTOM CHEKYAANM CTETEHS CXOCTBA CPABHUBAeMEIX OGBEKTOR, JI OGOCHOBAHHA Ha- eit rHmoresst 0 epportelicKom/apeBHeeBponeiicKOM MPOHCXOXKeHHH KySITYP GpousoBoro Beka HeHTpaisHoli YacTH CesepHoro Kapka3a MBI pacummpHan 6asy OOBEKTHBABIX MOKA3aTEALCTB, OGPATHBUIMC K JaHHBIM JIMHTBHCTHKM Mt CpaBHH- ‘TenbHO-UcTOpIMecKoil Mudonorm. Tlo HalieMy MHeHMI0, HECOMHEHHBIM OKasaTeNbCTBOM MpucyTerBHs Ha Kas- Kase “pesreesponteiies” sBAS10TCA HHOCBPOTeH3MBI B KAPTBEALCKUX ASBIKAX, poiapsenutse FA. Knumossim (1994). B ero paGore «pacemarpuparores 15 napan- JIeAM3MOR, TMpeTeHAYIOUNAX Ha OOMHeKAapTBENECKHi XapakTep (T.e, LATHPOBAHHEIX pauee XIX B. 0 H.9.); 40 apamienMsMos rpy3HHCKO-3aHCKoro xpononorH4e- ckoro ypoBua; H 40 napasiem3MoB Gonee mo3qHero, HO Bce ele “HOMCTOpH4e- cKOrO” YPORHA, Te. 10 HOABIHTA ApH, TpeKoB, HepcoBy. OGuleKapTBEABCKHil (ioxnoxapKascxnit) 231K T.A. Kiumos zarupyer IV-III rare. Judbepenmmanus OGLeKapTRENBCKOTO, HO NaHHBIM TIOTTOXPOHONOTHH, OTHOCHTes K KOHUY II] —Ha- yany IL TsIc. 0 1.9., KOTa BEIeAAeTCA CBAHCKHIi 351K; BTOpoli OGocooMBUMHTicA apean ~ rpy3uacko-sauckuii. Jasee rpy3HHcKo-sancKHit JenuTes Ha rpy3MHcKuit i 3aHicknii (KonXcKHii) a3bIKH He TO3IHee KOHNA IT TBIC. 0 H.9. (Kaumos, 1994. C.6). Vis 15 napanneau3Mon Mexmy npakaprBeabCKIM H HHZOeBporelicKHMH s13b1- KaMH KOpHECNOBbI ‘cepseBHHa, A0po Toga’ HMeeT NpoxOMKeHHe B repMaH- CKMX, GANTCKHX, 1 CHABAHCKHX A3KIKAX; KOPHECHOB ‘YeTBIpe’ OTParKaeT pasBuTue, HMcrOnIee MecTO B KeABTCKHX H TepMancKux s3BIKax (Kumos, 1994. C. 62); Kop- HeCHOB ‘HINA, KOMIOUKA’ HAXOMMT MpOLOMKEHHE B KeETCKUX, OasITCKMX, cuaBAH- CKHX s3bIKax (Kiumos, 1994. C. 93); KaprBembckaa ocHoBa ‘croaTs’ (0 3acyxe, 2kape) HMeeT aHa1OrM4Hoe MpOAODKEHHE B KENBTCKHX H TepMAHCKHX s3bIKAX. ITH SIMETBHCTHYECKHE LAHHBIC MO3BONAIOT AATHpORATh MOABNEHHE HEZOeBporelyes! ‘apesreesponeiiujes na CesepHom Kaaxase ne nose XIX B. 10 1.9. Ormeseno 40 napasienu3MoB B rpy3HHCKO-3aHCKHX H uHOeBpoNeficKHx s3bikax. HanGosee Gnu3kHe anaxOrHH WIA Ppy3HHCKO-3aHcKOH OCHOBBI ‘GypAIOK, cyma’ 3auKcupoBaHbl B repMaHCKHX A3bIKax. J[pyroii rpy3HHcKO-3aHCKMi apxe- Tam ‘6e3pornii Gbik’ uMeeT aHanorMu B OantHiicKHx quaneKtax (Kaumos, 1994. C. 99). 9ror haxr oco6o ormeven T.A. KamMossim Kak HOKU AHH H OCTAICA HeMOHATEIM 1axKE CAMUM HeCmeOBATeTeM, HO XOPOMIO OGBsCHUM B CRETE Haleli KOHIeTUHH MIpHcyTCTBHs mpesHeesponciiutes Ha Kapkaze Bo II ToIc. 0 H.9., KOTO- <— Puc. 6. Cpannurensusiit axa epamuku KTK, KIA 4 KUIK 1 cocyaut KTK - Conepuutii Kaskaa: J - Knrcnosonexas w/n (no: Jezew, 1941); 2, 8 ~ Haawunx “canks” (no: Aezen, 1941); 3~ Kabapanmicxwit napx 2/4 (wo: Zezen, 1941); 4, 9 Cysoposckan 11/11, 13/3 (no: Heuumaiino, 1978); 5-7 — Jlayapuxay 4/1(n0: Huxoaaeea, 1980a); 10 — Yerew II 6/4 (no: Bemposoe, Haeoes, 1973); 1, 12— Kouctaxrunowexoe niaro 2/15; 13-16 ~ Jlayapuxay 10/1, 4/1, 3/2, 1/6 (tt: Huxoraesa, 1980a); 17 ~ Xasunaon- Ypyx 2/2 (nto: Huxonaeaa, 1981), I~ cocyast KIA Honsmmn: /, 2, 2 —Tomsuia (no: Wislanski, 1966. Ne 296); 3 — Tlnxyrkon0, Baowranex (no: Nosek, 1967); 6, 7 ~ Bonuiub (nto: JTeeuyxuti, 1929); 8 — Crpenbust (110: Wislanski, 1966); 4, 9 ~ Tlaaneno, Morunsuo (no: Nosek, 1967); 10 — Iuxyrkozo, Browsasex (0: Nosek, 1967); 1 ~ Mexasiopnutst, Onaryn (no: Nosek, 1967); 13 ~ Knemextomuuss, Hysasit (no: Nosek, 1967). II] ~ coeyast KUUK o6nacru SnGa-3aane: 1-3 Tepwarns (no: Léwe, 1959); 4 —TMonoaust, Bonsias 135KPATKHE COOBIUEHHS| MHCTHTYTA APXEOAOPHH PAH. BbITT. 223. 2009 ple Mperctasnanu cnaGo pacuneHeHHylo Ha yMaseKTsI 9THO-NMHTBHCTHYECKY10 oOuMOCT, BKMOYaBULyIO H NpaGawruiicKHe AMaMeKTEI. Tpy3HHcko-3aHckas OcHoBa ‘ryr, macTOnue’ HMecT OTUCTAMByIO aHANOrHIo B XeTTCKOM a3biKe (Knuos, 1994. C. 106), 4To BaKHO B CRETE NpeMIOKeHHO! XeTTCKOH arpHOyUMM LONbMeHHOii KynBTypEI CeBepHoro KasKa3a (Cadpouos, 1989a). Tpy3MHcko-3aHcKMii KOpHecJOB ‘BHHOrpasHas 1034’ CoMocraBiaerca nerIO- cpeacTBeHHO ¢ AMaeKTHDIM cHaBAHCKUM KopHecmoBoM (Krumos, 1994. C. 108). “Camen, Gapan’ 8 (PopManbHOM H CeMAHTH4eCKOM TMIaHe CoTocTaBHM ¢ TposoNI- >2KCHHEM HHJOEBPONEHCKOFO APXCTHIIa B aTHHCKOM H GaNTHHicKHX sA3bIKaX (Kiru- stos, 1994. C. 109). KaGa’ npenctasnena GanTo-caapanckKHMH, repMaHcKHMH coorserersnamn (110 BBIpaxenmo T.A. Kiumona, “apssetea 1HaseKTHbIM ce- BepOeBpONelicKHM COOTBETCTBHEM KapTBesbCKOMy apxeTuny”) (Kaunos, 1994. C. 111). ‘Topocenok’ 8 rpy3HHcKo-3aHcKOM HMeeT COOTBETCTBHA B THTOBCKHX Mi ClaBAHCKOM s3BIKaX; ‘THHA” MMeeT AHAJOTHH B IMTORCKOM; ‘sca’ — B repMaH- CKOM H KenbTCKUX s3bIKax (Kawmoe, 1994. C. 124). ‘Tlbuib’ uMeer ananorun B repMauckux a3piKax (Kawwoe, 1994. C. 126). ‘Meab’ uMeer orseraneste mapasi- JICHM ¢ HaTHHCKoii H MHTOBCKO! opMAMH, KOTOPLIe MepeRoANTCA KaK “CBETHTS, cpepxats’ (Kaumoe, 1994. C. 133). OcoGoro BHHMaHHa 3acTy:KHBaeT Tpy3HHCKO-3aHCKas OCHOBa ‘oGyx Tonopa’, Meola AHAJIOrHH B KesTCKUX, HTAJMiicKHX, TepMaHCKHX uM GasITO-caBstH- CKHX BeTBAX HEYOeBponelicKoro MpassEiKa (Kaumos, 1994. C. 156), a ’KypaBaE’ B IPY3HUCKO-3aH1CKOM ASLIKe OHETHIECKH HM CeMaHTHYECKH OCOGEHHO GuH30K K CWABAHCKOMY, a TAKE K NaTUNCKOMY U GaaTHiicKHM s3b1Kam (Kiuwos, 1994. C. 163). Takum o6pazom, 18 13 40 napanaeam3Mop Mex/y Tpy3HHCKO-3aHCKUM Mt HHOeBPONCHCKHMM A3bIKAMM HAXOJIT TOUHIe AHATOTHH B KeTBTCKUX, HTasHii- CKHX, repMaHCKHX, Ga THICKHX, CHaBAHCKHX s3BIKAX, T.e. ABbIKAX, BBIACMBIINX- ca M3 ApeBneesponeiicKoit amMrBucTHIecKOl OGUHOCTH. ITH HHTOEBpOLEHSMBL GuLIN YCBOCHDI Tpy3HHCKO-3aHCKUM A3bIKOM He TOKE KONA II THIC. [0 H.9., HO TA. Kaumosy. Ocranbupie napasiemm npercrapsenst B MpaHcKHx, HAAOapHii- CKUX, FPeYeCKHX ABBIKAX. 3aHMCTROBAHHA B IpY3HHCKO-3AHCKOM s3BIKe sTeKceM M3 HHOapHiicKoro s3nika [.A. Kaumop oGpsicHseT KOHTaKTaMM KapTBCJIOB C MepeqHea3HaTCKHMH apuiiuamu. Yuutemas apesvenngniickyo tHnosorMo TonoHMMuKn Tpnaso- Bb u [IpnkyGaues, ycranosacunnyio O.H. TpyGauesuim (Zpy6aves, 1999), OTH AKT SaHMCTBOBAHHMii 43 MHAOApHiicKorO B Tpy3HHCKO-3aHCKHi cKOpee cBueTembeTByIOT O KOHTAKTAX ABYX 9THMYECKUX rpyrm Ha KapKase u eule pas HOATBEPKAAWT MPHCYTCTBUE MHLOAPHEB B BHAe Ky/IBIYpbI C TIORO3KAMH KaK B Tipuxy6anne (KJIK), tax u B 3aKaBka3be (kyabrypa Benen). Moapmenne n0B030K B 3aKkaBKasbe OObACHAETCA TEM, HTO MHWOApUH (KyOAHO-AHEMPOBCKAK KysIBTypa C noposkamm XXV-XX up. go 4.9.) nepemmau B XX p. go 11.9. Kankascknii xpe6er u xocturm Cesepoii Mecorioramun k XVIII 8. 20 4.9. (K TOMY BpeMeHH 3a- uxcuposan MuTanmiicKnit zuancKr uHoapulicKoro a3b1Ka) (Cadponoe, 1989a. C.217). B npouecce storo ABIDKEHUA HHAOAPHH KOHTAKTHPORAAH c KApTBEsaMH. Tak BOIHMKUM CMemanHBe namaTHuKu Benenu UJeda6puueuau, 1979; Cadpo- 136KCHA EBPA3HA: MEXAHH3MbI KYABTYPHBIX [IEPEMEH _ BbIII. 223. 2009 r. n08, 1989a. C. 176; Feit, 2000. C. 203-205) m nosBuaHc 3TH 3aMMCTROBAHHS 13 HEOApHiicKOro B rpy3HHCKO-3aHCKHii H3HIK Tponcxoxnenne 50% ananornit B rpy3HHCKO-3aHCKOM 13 HHAOeRponelicKHX a3bIKOB, Ha3biBaembix I”. Kpae “apesreesporeiickumn”, CBUeTeENBCTBYeT 0 Hemo- CPeACTBEHHBIX KOHTAKTAaX KapTBEMBCKHX MleMeH C “ApeBHeeBporelinjamn”, ene ciaOo pacwleHeHHBIMH Ha OTJebHbIe LHAeKTbI — KeIbTCKHe, HTAIHHCKHe, rep- MaHCkue H OanTo-cnapancKHe. Takoe cocToaHHe “apesHeesporielicKoit” oOmHO- CTH 10 1aHHBIM apxeOJOrHM OTMeYaeTCA DKBMBAeHTHOH CuTyauueii B III TpIc. 10 ¥.9., Korda B LlenrpanbHoli Epporie cyuectByior MOwTH OMHOBPeMeHHO TPH Kys1b- ‘TYPbI — BOPOHKOBHANEIX KYOKOB, WapOBHAHLIX aMQOp H WIHYpOBLIX KepaMuK. Onn neperpynnupostizaiorcs B [enrpasuoit Espone suyrpu “apesneesporeii- CKOrO MaccHBa”, He MeHAIOT ero OOMIero KOHTYpa H COLepaKaHHA. 3aHMCTBOBAHHA B KapTBEJIBCKHE ASKIKH M3 ApeBHeeBpoNciicKoro AOWKHEI GpUIM MOABHTBCA Tora 2Ke, KOTMa BHlepBHIe B HeHTpaNbHOii YacrH CenepHoro KapKasa NosBHHcE rpynnbt “qpesneesponelines”, 1a panriem 9Tane ky6ano-repcKoii kymsTyp1 XXI-XIX pp. WO H.9. B ApyroM culysae MAAOCBporetickHe WeKCeMbI A3bIKa NpeBHeesporeiites, ocrapuinxca B Espone, nperepnesu Obi H3MeHeHHA B Tpollecce H30NMpoBaHHOrO pa3BHTHA OT IeHTpatbHocBponeiicKux “ApeBHeesporeiines” 10 WpeBHeeBpo- neiines, jocTurmmx Ceneproro Kapkaza m He MoKa3as Opt AeMOHCTpHpyeMbIx T.A. Knumopnim kaprses0-4HoeporielicKux cxorxmeHnil. CymlectBosanne apeBneiimmx WHOeBpomev3MOB B Ipy3HHCKO-3aHCKOM A3KIKE TOSRONACT OOBACHHTS TOABICHHE Kypo-apaKcKHX copM CocyOB B Ky- Gano-repckux norpe6ennax 1 HaoGopoT KyOano-repcKHx aptedaktos B Kypo- apakckux namaraukax (J[syapmxay 1/15, 2/2); mHorne s1emeHTs! KepamM4ecKoii TexHonoruu B KTK (nonyuapHble pysKH, po30Bblii uBeT BHYTpeHHeli NoBepx- HOCTH B COCyaX, MHOFOYHCHeHHad MeTALIypru4eckad MPOAYKUNA 3aKkaBKa3ba na Cesepuom Kaskaze 3 sue cepa Tonopos). Cueqonatembio, Ha ocHopanuH MHAOeBPOLeHIMOB B KaPTBEIBCKUX #IbIKAX, HMEIOUUX OGULY!O OCHOBY CO BCEMH “]peBHeeBporelicKUMH™ A3bIKaMH, MBI MO2KCM FOBOPHTb He O MUFpallUH OTACIE- HBIX ILIEMeH HCTOPMYECKUX AMAeKTOB ApeBHeeBpontelickMx 13LIKOB — repMan- ues, OaslroB, CaBAH, KeNLTOR, — a 0 cOguze uz Manonoasuu, [puxapnamesn na Cesepnoni Kaexas yacmu maccuea cna6o dudpepenyuposannex “dpesneespo- neiiyes”, Kak ewe HeKoez0 Yyenoz0. Assrepuarupoit “apesneesponetickoit” marpanun 3 Lentpantuoit Export na Cenepusiii Kaska3 vepe3 Bocrounyio Espony, 1310:KeHHOii BBIIIe oO ]aHHBIM apXeouIOTHM H ATBUCTHKH, ABAAETCA KOMNEMMA JHATBHCTOR T.B. PamKpenHy- 3e u B.B. Hsanoga 06 unaoesponeiicKoii npaposmne B Mepeaneii Aaun (xymBTy- put Iomy-Tene u Xana) (amxpenudse, Heanos, 1984. C. 897), 0 “BropusHoit apesxeesponeiicKkoii mpapozuHe” B Cesepom IIpwuepHomopse (apesneamnaa KYMbTYpa — 9kBMBaNeHT STOH MpapomMABI)’. ABTOPEI CHHITAIOT, ITO ce sMBI TIPeOLI- 7 To mutcau apropos, Cenepnoe [pwuepnomopte # Tonomxne — oGnactu commectHoro oGit- ‘TaN HocuTenel ApeaueenponelicKux auaneKton (Mauxpenudze, Heauoe, 1984, C, 944), mpuiem MUFPALLAM OCYUICTRALINCH B BILE HECKOTHKUX HOH ¢ ROCTOKA Ha 2anlaq Enponit. JTexcuueckne MHHOBALMM BOIKMKAIM 28 CHET HACIAMBAHHA RHORG MPHULENX HHOeBporeliueR Ha y>Ke sace- sjeaubte OGUINPHEIE TeppHTOpHH Expasiu. B 9TOM HccHeORATEAIM BA;KT HESTO BPO “BTOPHSHOTO 137KPATKHE COOBLUEHHA HHCTHTYTA APXEOAOPHH PAH. BBIIT. 223. 2009 r. anus “apesHeesponeiines” 8 Cesepxom [IpuyepHomopse ormeuexsi rumponu- Mueii, aHanorm4Hoit ruqponumun LlewTpansHoit Esponst (Conyuka wa Yxpanne u Coaoutua 8 Espone, npurox Pousi; bpewa ua Yxpaune ~ Bpeura p Benewuu; Mypasa, Mopasa, Ansta 8 Cenepxom [Ipuuepromopse u Anstaaym 6 Bexenun, a Take Crpsima, Mxea) (Tpy6avee, 1968. C. 131-132, 177). Hameii kouuenuum coorsercrsyior Kak Ha6m0euMA AMUTBUCTOB O zpeBue- esporelickom xapakTepe Ha3BaHiii MasbIx pex Ha ore BoctouHoii Expormi, tax 1 MHeHMe 06 apeanbHOM cowse HTH ciao pacuIeHeHHOM MaccHBe Murpupyi- LUX ApeBHeeBponeiies, LOCKONbKY THAPOHMMHA MaJIbIX pex YKpanHbl rOBOPHT © pealbHOM MpoxoxjeHUn H OcesaHHM “”peBHeeBponeiines” B CenepHom TIpu- YepHOMOpbe 110 MyTH cieqoBaHusa Ha CeBepHbiii Kaska3. Bonpuioe wHcno cxoy- HBIX o OGaMKy KyabTyp Ha nyTH oT Kapnar ao Kapka3a yKasbipaer uMenHO Ha CMeLeHHe 9TAMYECKOTO ci1aG0 pacusIeHeEHHOTO MaccHBa, HO He OT/EJbABIX UeTKO OMpeeseHHEIX KYJIBTYp. B Cepepuoili Ocerun ects apesieiimmii tonounmaueckuit nacr (780 ean- HUU), KOTOpBIi HeBO3MOxXHO OOBACHHTS 13 CyIecTRyIOMIMX A3BIKOB Ha CeRep- Hom Kapxase (Llacaeea, 1971. C. 118-122). Stu TonoHMMEI, BO3MOXHO, TAKE casanei c “apesneesponelickoli” murpauueii B Konue HI — uasane II thc. 20 1.9. J[peseesporelickue KopHecmoppl OTMeueHBI 1 B OCeTHHCKOM s3BIKe (A6ace, 1965). Y6eaureabHbIM apryMenTOM B MlomL3y Murpauun apeBueesponelines u3 Leurpamsxoit Esponsi, koropyio Mbi oSocHoRaNM cpaBHires»HO-THTOMOrH4e- CKHM aHamH30M opm KTK, KLIJA, KILIK; 6onee apeBHuMM naMaTHHKaMM 3THX kynbtyp B Eppone orHocuressHo BocrouHoesponelicKux®; HHzoeBponen3smamu B KapTBeNbCKOM Mpaa3bIKe Ml [py3HHCKO-3aHCKOM s3bIKe; BCeli JOrHKoii 9TATIOB 2BOMOUHH MpadHAceBponeiickol oOmHoctu (u3 Esponbi B Mamyio Azur, Boc- Tounoe Cpeau3emHomoppe, Ha Baikal B Espony 40 CkaHquHaBin) Ha OTpesKe or IX go III ric. 0 H.9., ABAKETCA Cpacnumeronaa MuonozuA, CBUIETENbCTBY1O- Wad 0 CHOXKCHHH BCEX OCHOBHBIX CloxKeTOB “Haptckoro 3n0ca” B OOmacTH OOu- TaHHA ApeBHeesponeiites ene B LlenrpanbHo Espone. Accaegosarenn “Hapt- ckoro snoca” XK. Jomesunb (1976. C. 70, 80, 98-99, 111-122; 1990. C. 13-14, 64-71, 168 u cn.) u B.A. A6aes (1945. C. 56-69, 105-117) moxasanu, "To cloxeT Cocaax-Cuipoox Bocxonut K croxkeTy 0 Basbape — JloKu u3 “Crapuieli Sani”; cioxer o Barpase cBa3aH ¢ KeIbTCKHM sTl0coM 0 KyxysiMHe 4 CpeutHeBeKOBKIMH sabikonoro cowosa”. Orciona & HentpambHyto n 3anaquyio Expony ity HOCHTESH OTJENBHBIX 3BI- kon (itranmiicKoro, KeABTCKOTO, HALIMPHiicKOTO, FepMaHICKOTO, GasTrHMlicKOTO, CHABEHCKOTO), YCIOBHO HMCHYeMBIX HO TeppxTOpHH, SaceaAReMo‘t UNH B HeTOPHYECKyIO oTIOxy, “pestteesponelicKHMt”. * Llenrpansuoesponeiicxue namsrauxu KBK, KIA bagex, KIIK apesnee ux socrouHocepo- meiicKHX aHaJOTOB, B MepBy! ONepedb HCXONA U3 KOHUCTINMH HHLOCBPONeiicKUX MpapoAMH, H3:10- 2XCHHOit BRILIC, 3 KOTOPOH CileYeT, HTO BCE HASBAHHBIE KYSIBTYPKI ROCXOAKT K KYsISTYpam V THC. 10 x.9, Baan n [enrpanbuoii Enponi, 1 roxputics: moryr Ha Kaaxaae rostbKo ¢ anata, O6 9ToM 2Ke TowopsT mt HeKanuOpopanute arbi ro C14 Asa MeHTpAsIbHOeBponelicKHX KysIBTYp H KYmBTYp Ce- nepuoro Kapkasa, PasbacHenna TpeSyior palwoKapGouHBLe AaTH Kypranton 19 ypoumnna “Kran” 1 MAliKONCKHX NaMATHHKOB, MpHBestentste C.H. Kopenencxum (2004). B m060m cnysae or arm uaXousTes B npenenax Jar cpeaueli cryneun KBK, Boxepasa 4700-4600+40 BP (a0 nacroamero spemenn). Jars Yeatono, Hinkuteii Muxaitzosxu, KIA, Pasay, Bazena vawke Haxoasres B mpe- aeaax 4400-4200+100 BP (Huxonaeea, 20092). 138KCHA EBPASHA: MEXAHH3MbI KYABTYPHbIX TIEPEMEH — BBIIT. 223. 2009 r. JlereHjlaMv 0 Kopoye Aptype; croxKeT 0 XaMbile M ero 2keHe HMeeT Mapamsenn B cloxkeTax BesMiicKoii (MHAOCApHiicKoil) sATepaTypBI, a TAKE B_KEMBTCKOH MUCo- OrHH. Cioxer 0 Bomue6HOl AOn0He, KoTOpas pacter B caay y Hapros, u o zouepu Mopexoro naps, JouGerrsipa, ~ J[zepacce, npespantaiomelica B ronyOxy u noxH- malomieli AG1OKU, HACHTHYeH cloxKeTY pyccKoit BomeOHOli cKa3KH o JKap-nTuue, noxnutaiomtelt 1610KH GeccmepTus, ft cMemtaH B “HaprcKom sr10ce” c aeMeHTa~ MH ZpyToit pycckoii BommeGHoii cka3KH 0 Ao¥epH Mopcxoro uapa, Bacunuce Ipemyapoli, koropaa cymecrsyer vB OGNMYBe TonyOKH, H MpeKpacHoli AeBEI, kak H JIsepacca. Mpoce6a [sepaccsr cropoxurs ee Moruny 3 sa BEISIBaeT pemMHNCHeR- uulo Apytoii pyccKoii HapomHOil CkA3KH 0 CTAPHKe H TO CBIHOBLAX HO TIpocEGe cTapHka-OTla K CBOMM ChIHOBbAM CTOPOXHTb TPH Wha ero Morusy. TpeTbemy CBIHY, HCNOHNBIIEMy cbiHOBHHi nour, ocraetcx CusKa-Bypka, Bomme6uetit Koub. Xora cbinopsa J3epaccel He HCrlonHHNH ObemaHHs, 13 ee MOTHbI TAKE uepes 9 Mecsiles HlosBasieTca BomMeOHEI KoHB, anaslor CuBKe-BypKe, u Carana, B KOTOpoit Mpocmarpupaiores yeprs BenuKoii Gormum Hoctparuyeckoli anoxi (Cagponos, Huxonaeea, 2003; Huxonaesa, Cadpouos, 1999). Takum o6pa3om, “Haprcxuit s10c” pkmouaer B ce6a uacrs apesHerepMan- cKoro smoca “Oma”, oMeMeHTEI H ClO%KeTBI KETBTCKO! MuosOrHM, MOTHBET PYCCKoli HapomHOii CKA3KU, a TAKE ClOxKeTEI MAJOApHiicKOTO NPOMCXOKAeHHA © poxyeHuH CociaHa, HepoxzenHoro china CaTaHbl, H BOCXOZHT K OOulemy ApeBHeesporielickKoMy 9T0cy, MOCKOBKY BCE MHOBI H CKa3AHHA OMEHb COREE M He MOA MOsBHTECa KOHBeprentHo, JK. Jlomesume u BM. AGaes narupyor cHOKeHe I0Ca CKHCKOH IMOXOl, ONHAKO Mary oTy cueAyeT KOppeKTUpoRats, TOCKONBKY BCE BMECTE CIOAETHI MOLI TOABHTbCA TOKO B [leHTpaTsHO!! EBpo- ne y “apesueesporeiines” B II thc. 20 1.9. Murpanun “apesneesponeiiyes” wa Kapka3 3a10%KMIH OCHOBY At PopMHpoBaHHa apa “HaptcKoro s110ca” B KOHIe III — nepsoii nonopuue II ric. 40 H.9., KaK KABKa3CKOrO BapHaHta ApeBHeespo- neiickux Muoe. Mccuegosareau (Jiomesnmb, AGaes) cunraiot, 470 co3zaTemM 3Toro aT0ca — OCeTHHEI, OT KOTOPHIX 910C GEL BOCTIPHHAT coceAAMM, HaceneHHeM, TOBOpHB- UINM Ha CeBepHOKaBKa3CKHX s3EIKAX. J[aHHBIe apXeOMOrUM rOBOpAT, TO HeHTP kyGano-repcKoii (apenneenponeiicKoii) kyabTypsi Obit Ha TeppuTopmu CesepHolt Ocetnu m coceaneit KaGapapi, rye oceTHHbI 1oaBMaMch He paHee XIV B. 0 H.9. Tlostomy oceTHHBI SBJISIOTCH He CO3TATeMAMM, a XpAHUTesAMM ST10Ca, KOTOPSIii Gnirosant Ha Kapkase 342070 10 HX NOABNeHUA B TOI cpene “ApeBHeesBponeiites” Kasxasa, KoTopbie BOUIN B cOcTaB OceTMHCKOrO Hapofa. CoxpaHHTsca or0c MOF TOsBKO B MHOeBponelicKolt cpene (Kk KakoBOi npuNagexKaT M OceTHHET), a mpHcyTcTBHe UAACeBpoNelines Ha CepepHom Kapkase apxeonorm4eckn H THH- reucru4ecku (buKcupyercs c III TsIc. 20 H.9. Jpesxeesponeiins: Leatpassuoit Esponsi mocae llepsoro pacnaza apesreesponeiicKoii o6mmoctH B III TeIC 0 H.9. COXPaHHJIH OTACMBHBIC ClO*KeTE! OOUlero ApeBHeeBponeiicKoro s110Ca, HacTHIHO MX yrpaTWwin. Takum o6pa30M, 9THOKyABTYpHEIe Mpoueccs Ha CesepHom Kaskase 8 III Il tic. 20 H.9. 3akMOTAIOTCs B HOABACHHH ApeBHeeBporteiines Ha CesepHom Kap- 139KPATKHE COOBLUEHMS| MHCTHTYTA APXEOAOPHH PAH. BBIIT. 223. 2009 r. kaze B kouue II-II Tec. 10 #.3., 0 ¥eM CBHeTEMBCTBYIOT AaHHEIe apxeosIOrHH Cerepxoro Kasxasa, Homsmu, Leurpatsuoit Exponst Ill ric. 20 1.9.5 onpexe- GmoTca B3aNMOMeHcTBMeM apeBHeesponelies c mpakapTRemaMH M KapTBesb- CKUMH IeMeHaMH, 0 4em roBOpsT CHAKpeTHUHBIe KOMIUIEKCBI KYpO-apaKcKoli 1 kyGauo-repcKoii KysteTypsi kak Ha CepepHom Kapxase, Tak HB 3akaBKa3be KOHIA Til — Hayana II TBIC. 10 H.9., a TAKKE HHOEBPONCH3MBI B KapTBEABCKHX ASEIKAX, BplaBicHHble TA, KMMOBbIM. O upucyrersmm zpesneesporeiines 8 Ceseproii Ocermm ropopur TonoHMMH- ka HaHHOTO perHoHa H ApeBHeeBportelickHe KOPHECIORBI B OCCTHHCKOM ABBIKE. npoxoxaenun apesucesponeiines 4epe3 Cenepuoe Ipusepiiomopse 13 Henr- paubuoii spon na Kaskas cauterensernyer rijiponuMus Masbix pex ITpapobe- pexnoit Vepanuni. Casa Hentpanpxoii Espomst Kapxasa 8 xonne III raic. NO H.9. OObACHMIOT CKOKICHHA Mu(pomorM4EcKHX cloxeTOB “Inoca o Haprax”, “aun”, KenpTcKUx Mudos o Kyxysmue m 910ca 0 Kopome Aptype, pyCCKUX cKa~ 30K Hf OBLTHH, a TaKKe CKA3OK OanTHiicKUx HaposoB. MU HaoGopor, 9TH CXOAKTEHHA Mucor ykasbiBaior Ha TO, 4To Ha Cepepnniit Kapkas MpHULIH He OT/[esTbHBIC HHAO- enponeiickne Haposbt (OT KembTOR 0 Cu1aBAH), a HMEHHO OuateKmuo cnabo dud- qepenyuposanuan “dpesneesponetickan” smuonunesucmuueckan o6iyHocms TpesHeesponeiiter He TOABKO MOBAHANH Ha CTPOHi H JIeKCHKY KapTBENSCKHX A3bI- KOB, HO H JYXOBHO KOHCOMMAMpOBAIM HeHHACeRpoNteicKoe HacereHHe KapKasa, nepesae emy cBolo cHcTemy weHHocTeli, Hamemmy! orpaxenue B “HaprcKom onoce”, KoTopsiii ce Hapoast Kaskaza cuMTaIoT CBOUM LocTosHHeM (Huxonaesa, 2005. C. 91-94). JIMTEPATYPA, A6aes B.H., 1945. Haproscknii snoc. JIsayzoKuKay. ‘Ab6aes B.H., 1965. Cknipo-eaponeiicxue naornocet. M. ‘Anopees HJL., 1995, TIpakapnarse — o6uax posMHa Tpex mpassiiKoB: Gopeambnor, WHI0- epponeiicxoro # cxanaucKoro // Jlexcukonorus, neKcuKorpadis, pamsmaTuKa: JInnrsHeTHecKHe vccnenopanna 1995. CII6. Apxconorua Yxpannicxoit CCP. Kuen, 1985 Bemporos PXK., Hazoes A.X., 1973. OcHonunie uTorM packorioK KypraHos 310xH GpoHsBt y c.Yerem 1 t “erent 2 // Apxeosiornta sonpocs: apesneit weropun KaGapjuno-Bankapun. Hansunx. Ti Tanxpesudse T.B., 1984, K meronuke pexOHCTPYKIUH CHCTeMBI Mpax3uIKa MU s1OKam3auAst npapoauuta ero Hocnrencii // JluMreHerueckas pexoneTpyxuns u npeBHeitiwa ueTopus BocroKa M. T. 2. Tauxpenudse T.B., Heanos B.B., 1984, Wugoesponelicxuli asx m untoesponelius. Tousen. Teii A.H., 2000. HopoturoposcKaa xyastypa. M. Tun6ymac M., 2006, Uenasauns Besxoii Borman: Mup /Ipesueit Esponsi. M. Hezen B.E., 1941. Kypransi 8 KaGapquucKom apse r. Hassunka // MMA. Ne 3 Wedabpuusuau ILI, 1979. Kypranit Asasanckoli 2ommsst. T6usnen. Tlepeaues B.A., 1986, Mosaanus coceauae Tepputopiit B s1oxy Gpousbi. Kuuumes. homens K., 1976. Ocetuackuit s110¢ « Madhostorax. M. Tromesuay XK., 1990. Cxucppt 4 Haptet. M. Toaxonoe H.M., 1984. Cpasuuremoe a3btko3HaHe, McTOpHa HM apyrue cmexkunie HayKH // JIMursueTHueckaa pexoncTpykuna u apeBnelimas uctopu Bocroxa. M. T. 2. 140KCHA EBPASHA: MEXAHM3MbI KYABTYPHbIX MEPEMEH _ BBIIT. 223. 2009 r. Krusoe F-A., 1994. Tpesuelimme naaoesponensmat kaprseasexux a311K0B. M. Kopenesckuit C.H., 2004, [Iperneiinme semenenbust a cxorosoatt TIpeakaskaaus. M. Tesuyxuii H.®., 1929, Taw’stku Meranituunot xyasrypn a Bomum // Awrponozoria. Tu. Jlvarsueraueckuii sHunksiorea4eckuii cnosapb. M., 1990. Mapkosun B.H., 1963. Kyawtypa nemen Ceseproro Kasxasa 8 onoxy Gpousui. II Tbic. 20 wo. // MITA. Ne 93 Mapxosux B.H., 1978. Jlonpenss 3anaanoro Kankasa. M. Mununapes ./0., 1984. Coppemeauoe CpaBiiTebHo-HCTOpHNICCKOE #3BIKOSHAHHE: ITO OHO Moxer Jar ucTopHNecKoit HayKe // JIMHrBHCTHMeCKas peKOHCTPyKUAA H ApeBHeliMaN HCTOpHA Bocrokxa. M. T. 2. ‘Mynuaee P.M. Mepnepm H.A., 2002. Tears Xasna 1: Packonxu 2001 roma // PA. No 4. Hevumaiio AJ1., 1978. Bepxaee [IpaxyGanse 8 Gpousosom Bexe. Kuen. Hevumaitio AJ, 1979, Cysopoacknit kyprannetit Morus. Kies. Huxonaes -A., 1981. Knaccnpxaniis karaxomGusix mori an0xn 6poxsst Cesepuoil Ocerun u TipnxyGansa // KataxomGusie kyabrypet Cesepnoro Kaskasa, Opakonxuaze. Huxoaaes CJL, Cmapocmun C.A., 1984, CepepHo-KaBkascKHe sSBIKH HX MecTO cpesM Apy- Tux asikostix cemeli Mepeaneti Aauu // JImmrencruseckasx pexoricrpykusia 1 apeBueliiias WeTopHa Boeroxa. M. T. 3. Huxoaaesa H.A., 1980a. Buuzenenue KyGano-repexoit kynsTypit paulHe- 1 cpente6porrs0B0ro eka Ha Cesepxom Kaskase // [po6nemu apxeosiornn Ceaeproit Ocetun, OpsxonnKna3e. Huxoaaeea H.A., 19806. Tlonoakn Banaxnoro Tipuxy6anbs u Bonpocs nosmtenna nepssix uaqoesponcittes 8 Boctoanoii Eppone // [poGuemst 2noxu sucoaura cremMoii m necocrensoit noslocut Boctounoii Enponst: Tes. Kou). OpexOypr. Huxonaesa H.A., 1981. Tleptoausayua xy6ano-repcxoit xysmrypnt: Hctopuseckue cy.tbOt KTK B karaxomGuyto snoxy // KatakomGunte kysmetypst Cepepuoro Kaskasa. OpmxonnKn%e. Huxonaesa H.A., 1982. TipoGaemst xaccnbukaunn, xpoxoaorns sTunTIecKoit aTpuGyin Maiixoncxoii KysIbTypEI B apxeouOrM4ecKol suTeparype // XpouosorHa Spowsoporo BeKxa CenepHo- ro Kankasa. Opaxonnnnase. Huxoraesa H.A., 1983. OcHosune TeHxenUH B CloxKeHHM KOHeMUMH cpexxe6PoHs0HOrO sexa Ceneproro Kasxasa IIpenkaskasba 2 50-70-¢ roast XX ». // Koesnm Azoo-Kacuuticko- ro MexityMopbsl. OpmxommEII3e. ‘Huxonaesa H.A., 1984, O npaxapraeo-minoespontelickux KoHTaKTax No apxeouorHeckHIM annem // JIMMrBHCTHecKan peKOHeTpyKUHES H ApeBHeliiuax Hcropus BoctoKa: Tes. 4 OKT. KOH). Mw Huxoaaeea H.A., 1986. 06 ocHowuix mmHsx paseuTHa B Bankaito-Kapnarokom peruose // Bankansi 8 kontexete CpeausemHomopha: Mpo6nemm pekoHCTpyKUin! s321ka H Kyststypbt. M. Huxoaaesa H.A., 1987. Ky6ano-Tepekoe mexaypesbe ® oTIOxy pannel n cpemHeli Gpousb: Asroped). ane. ... Kau. Her. HayK. JI. Huxonacea H.A., 1989. Cenepnan OceTua 8 panie- H cpequeGponsonom BeKe: (Mogemb BbILe~ seHMa apxeosiorneckoli xynbtypst) // Yuen. san, KoMHCCHH To HyYeHMIO HaMEITHAKoD HBITN3a~ iii mpestiero it cpeaueneKonoro Boctoxa Beecowsnoii accoumanuu soctoKoneson. M. Huxonaesa H.A., 2001. Jimurso-apxeonormueckne pekoHeTpyxuHM Kak dopMa MoxenMpoBa- Husa ueTopuuecKoro Hpouecca B mepRoOsITHocTH // HicTopHeckoe sHaHHe H MirTesTeKTyaNbHAA kymbtypa: Mar-1st kon. HBPAH. M Huxonaesa H.A., 2005. Jipesucesponeiinpt Ha Cesepiiom Kasxase // Acropua u kynptypa cia- Batt B sepKaste s3nika: cnanmicKan nexcnkorpadua: Il wrenus nanerrn akaemitka O.H. Tpydayena. M. Huxonaesa, 2006. JIpesneesponeiiiut na Cesepnom Kapkase // Becta. Mockoscxoro roc. 06. ya-ra, Cep. “Hcropa a nonutnueckne naykn”. Ne 1. Huxonaesa, 2007. Haaoapun a Cenepnom Kanxase // Becta. Mocxoncxoro roc. o6i1. yu-ra Cep. “Hcropus w nonutiecxue waykn”. No 1 Huxonaesa, 2009a. Tipo6siess! UctopHueckoii pexoueTpyKUMKt 8 apXeomOrHN, KasIHGPOBARULIC JavH 1 HowBIe peMTeTMHa MaiixoncKO!t npoGnentt // Becta. Mockoncxoro roc. o61. yx-ra. Cep. “He- ‘Topua M nlonuTHyeckHe HayKH”. No 1 141KPATKHE COOBILIEHHA HHCTHTYTA APXEOAOPHH PAH. BBIIT. 223. 2009 r. Huvonaesa, 20096. JIpenneenponeiius III Thic. 0 H.9. 2 Bocrounoii Expone: (exanuast dbop- MHPOBaHHa paHHeKaTaKoMOnoro ropusouta) // Becta. MocKoncKoro roc. o6u1. yH-ra. Cep. “Hcro- pus a nonuteckne Hayxn”. No 1. Huxonaeea H.A., Cagyponos B.A., 1974. TIponexoxnenne xomMennoit Kyabrypst Cenepo- 3anaguoro Kasxasa // CooOu. Hay4no-meTouu4yeckoro coseta No oxpanie namstunKos. M. T. 7. Huxotaesa H.A., Cadpouos B.A., 1980. Kypranustit mornabank y c. Jsyapuxay // [poGemtt apxeosornn CenepHoi Oceran. OpwkonnKH3e, Huxonaesa H.A., Cagpouos B.A., 1981. [[pesneiimas KarakoMGxan Kysbrypa CesepHoro Kapkasa 0 mpoGneMa noaBieHHs KaTaKoMOHOro oSpata 2 BocrouHolt Expone /) KarakomOxbie kyabtypst Ceneprioro Kankasa, Opwakonn«nz3e. Huxoraeea H.A., Cadpouos B.A., 1983. Tpo6nema nosmaenus KonecHoro tpancnopra B Expone: Apesuciimue nososku Bocrounoli Epon: Buzenenne xy6ano-auenponcKoii Kysbty- pst — KYsTypsI mpeBHelimHx nowosox // Koueaunxu Azono-KacrmiicKoro MexAyMopbs.. Ops>KO- HKALE. Huxonaesa H.A., Cappouos B.A., 1999, Hictoxu cuananexoii 1 espasuiicxoit uaponormn, M. Pesencun AI, 1989. Cenepo-3anaqueiit Kagka3 2u0xy panueli Gpousui: (110 MarepualaM norpeOanbiiix naMsTHHKoR HOROCROGoHeHCKOrO THHIa): ABroper). ANC. ... KaHLL. Her. Hayk. JL Cagponos B.A., 1974. Knaccnbuxauna 1 2aTHpoBKa NlaMsTHHKOR GpoHs0ROTO BeKa CeepHO- ro Kasxasa // Coodmenna HaysHo-McTomiteckoro cosera No oxpalle NaMsTHUKOB KysIbrypHl. M. Bau. 7. Cadponos B.A., 1981. KaraxomGusie namsTauKn mpezroproit 30161 Cenepuoit Oceri // Ka- ‘raxonOusie kymstypst Ceneporo Kankasa, OpsrKoMMKHA3e. Capouoe B.A., 1982. Xpovonorns, npoMCXoxeHHE H onpeeHeHME ITHMUECKOIL npHHAN- JeKHOCTH MafiKONCKOH KYAbTYPEI 1 APXEOMOTHYECKHM H TIMCbMeHHBIM HCTOUHMKAM // XPOHOIO- PH MaMATHHKOB 9TOxH Gporsnt Cesepuoro Kapkasa. OpwKOHMKHT3e. Cagpponoe B.A., 1989a. Vuaoesponelickue mpapoauast. Popsxuit Cagponos B.A., 19896. Crapsie 4 HoBbie runotess 06 wiLLOeBpontelicKoii npapoauue // Honoe 0 [Ipesiem Boctoxe. M, (Ha apa0. 13.) Cagponos B.A., Huxonaeea H.A., 2003. Heropua penuero Boctoxa » Berxom 3anete. M. Tpybaves O.H., 1968. Hassanus pex MpanoGepexnoit Yepanusi. M. Tpy6avee O.H., 1999. Indoarica 8 Cesepuom Tpuuepsomopsc. M. edopos-Jacwdoe PA., 1987. Crarucrueckne metosbl B apxeostormu. M. Hazaesa AJ2., 1971. Tononnmusa Cesepuolt Ocetuu. OpwxounKusse. Aposoi: E.B., 1985. [Ipesueiiuime ckorosoaweckne miemena IOro-3anaya CCCP. Kuuunes. Behrens H., 1973. Die Jungsteinzeit im Mittelelbe-Saale-Gebiet. Berlin. Fisher U., 1956. Die Graber der Steinzeit im Saalegebiet. Berlin. Krahe H., 1962. Die Struktur der alteuropaischen Hydronimie // Akademie der Wiessenschaft und der Literatur. Abhandlungen des Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse. Wiesbaden. Nes. Krahe H., 1964. Unsere altesten Flissnamen. Wiesbaden. Krzak Z., 1976. The Ziota culture. Warsaw. Lowe G., 1959. Kataloge zur mitteldeutschen Schnurkeramik. Berlin Lucas H., 1965. Kataloge zur mitteldeutschen Schnurkeramik. Berlin. Bd. 2. Mattias W., 1974. Kataloge zur mitteldeutschen Schnurkeramik. Berlin. Teil 4. Nagel E., 1985, Die Erscheinungen der Kugelamphorenkultur im Norden der DDR. Berlin. Nosek S., 1967. Kultura amfor kulistych w Polsce. Wroclaw; Warszawa; Krakow. Rezepkin A.D., 2000. Das frihbronzezcitliche Graberfeld von Klady und die Maikop kultur in Nordwestkaukasien // Archacology in Eurasien. Bd, 10. Wislanski T., 1966. Kultura amfor kulistych w Polsce polnocno-zachodniej. Wroclaw; War- szawa; Krakow. 142