maximum of 1 or the minimum of 1; the highest it can reach in a 2 2 table is 0.707; the maximum it can reach in a 4 4 table is 0.870. It can reach values closer to 1 in contingency tables with more categories. It should, therefore, not be used to compare associations among tables with different numbers of categories.[3] Moreover, it does not apply to asymmetrical tables (those where