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Applying the
Multimedia
Principle
Adam T. Wasilko
Words:
Printed text
Spoken text
Graphics
Static illustrations
Dynamic illustrations
Is this sufficient?
Decorative
Representative
Organizational
Relational
Transformational
Interpretive
Decorative graphics
Serve to decorate a page without enhancing the
message of a lesson
Representational
Portray a single element and illustrate the
appearance of an object
An outline of what happens in a mass spectrometer
Stage 1: Ionization
The atom is ionized by knocking one or more electrons off
to give a positive ion. This is true even for things which you
would normally expect to form negative ions (chlorine, for
example) or never form ions at all (argon, for example).
Mass spectrometers always work with positive ions.
Stage 2: Acceleration
The ions are accelerated so that they all have the same
kinetic energy.
Stage 3: Deflection
The ions are then deflected by a magnetic field according to
their masses. The lighter they are, the more they are
deflected.
Stage 4: Detection
The beam of ions passing through the machine is detected
electrically.
Organizational
Depict the relations among certain elements
Relational
Portray a quantitative relation among two or
more objects
Transformational
Depict changes in an object over time
Interpretive
Make phenomena visible and concrete
What to do
Minimize things only meant to decorate
Increase the use of transformational and
interpretive graphics
Organize material with organizational graphics
when needed
Facts
Concepts
Process
Procedure
Principle
Facts
Concepts
Groups of objects, events, or symbols,
Process
A description of how something works
Procedure
task
This graphic has been used already but now the focus is how to use
excel, not what information is contained within the spreadsheet.
Principle
Guidelines that result in the completion of a
Examples
how
animations?
Animation could overload the learner
Showing an animation on screen does not let
the learner mentally put together the same
string of events
In some case it may still benefit the learner
graphic?
How the long term learning is affected
Cost vs. benefits of illustrated technical content
Are simple line drawings just as effective as
elaborate illustrations?
text
Diagrams did, however, increase recall for the
Discussion Question
Questions?
Thank you!