Government Structures

Every country in this world uses different types of

Government structures, with different government systems. There
are lots of systems that is used in the world. One of them are
Monarchy, Republic, and Unitary State.
The first Government structure is Republic. According to
KBBI.web.id, republik is a government structure where the people
have power on the government. A republic is led by a president
that is elected by the society. The term "Republic" have been used
since a long time ago. One of the oldest republic is the Republic of
Rome which stood from 510-31 BC. It is different than the republic
in the present, but still, it is a republic.
There are three types of Republic:
Absolute Republic
Constitutional Republic
Parlemen Republic
Absolut republic is a type of republic, where the leader of the
country acts as a dictator. The leader doesn't have any limits, for
his or her power. The leader from this type of Republic tends to
use his or her power to manipulate the rules on the country that
they rule. The government of this type of republic is known to use
the totalitarian system. This system means that the government
is always right and freedom is not acknowledged by the
government. To get continuous power, the leader of the country
uses unfair methods like an unfair election. One of the case is in
North Korea. According to http://internasional.kompas.com/,
election in North Korea is different from any other countries. There
is only one option, The Supreme Leader, Kim Jong Un.
Constitutional Republic is a type of republic where the Head of the
country and the Head of the Government could be gained by
anybody using way that is based on the country laws. In this type

of republic, the country laws are the base of the country.

Generally, on the country law, it is arranged how the power of the
government is separated, how the power of the government is
run, the rights of the people, and some basic country rules. In this
type of republic, everybody has the same position in the law,
which means the law applies to the poorest man in the country
until the most powerful being in the country. In other words,
everybody. Also, every citizen could participate in politics as long
as they are following the country rules. The example of country
who uses this type of republic, is Indonesia.
Parliament Republic is basicly a type of republic that uses the
Parliament System. Unlike the presidential system, the parliament
system have a president/monarch/other types of leaders and a
prime minister. The leader of the country, is only the head of the
country. While the prime minister is the head of the government.
The second type of government structure is called the Unitary
State. Unitary state is a government structure where the central
government is the most powerful position. In a unitary state, all
power are in the hands of the central government, which makes
the local government can only access power through the central
government. That means the central government has no limits to
its power right? Wrong. The power of the central government is
arranged in the constitution. In a unitary state, the central
government may distribute power to the local government. This
act is called decentralization. But still, the central government still
have more power.
The advantages of the Unitary State is the same constitution
across the country. Which means every region in the country has
the exact same constitution. This happen because in a unitary
state, the central government conducts everybody in every region
of the country, like making the curriculum, managing the local
police, arranging taxes, and many more. The second advantages

is in the efficiency in the usage of the tax money. The reason is

the small government. Which means fewer less people will try to
get the money. The disadvantage of Unitary state is the process of
solving a problem. If there is a problem in one of the countries
region, the process to solve it will be very long because it needs
to be handled by the central government and not the local
government. Countries who uses this system is Indonesia, Italy,
Philippines, etc.
The third type of Government Structure is Monarchy.
Monarchy is one of the oldest type of government structure that is
ever used by humans. The example of the longest monarch is
Denmark. The Denmark Monarchy starts from the year of 1448,
way until 1947. The first Denmark king is King Christian I. As a
whole, monarchy is a government structure, where the king or
queen has a big power in politics, or acts only as the head of the
country (there are different types). This type of government
structure is led by the king. If the king dies, the throne will be
passed to his son/daughter (according to the country). The word
Monarchy comes from the greek language which is Monos and
Archein. Monos means one and Archein means government.
There are
-

four types of Monarchy:

Absolute Monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
Parliament Monarchy
Democracy Monarchy

The first type of Monarchy is Absolute Monarchy. This type of

Monarchy has a king/Queen as their leader. The king/queen gave
unlimited power to control the country. In other words, the king or
queen have unlimited power to create the countrys constitution.
Countries who uses this type of Saudi Arabia, Swaziland, Brunei,
Etc.

The second type of Monarchy is Constitutional Monarchy.

Unlike Absolute Monarchy, Constitutional Monarchy is a
government structure where the king or queens power is limited
by the countrys constitution. In this type of monarchy, the king
and queen only acts as the head of the country. The king and
Queen only took care about problems that can only be solved by
the royal family. Usually, in this structure, the one who is the head
of the government is the Prime Minister. In other words, the king
or queen is the head of the country, and the Prime Minister is the
head of the government. Constitutional Monarchy varies between
different countries. Countries who uses this type of government
structure is England, Spain, Netherlands, Norway, Etc.
The third type of Monarchy is, Democracy Monarchy.
Democracy Monarchy is rarely used in a country. Democracy
Monarchy is where the king , queen, leader is elected by the
people/ a certain group of people. This type of Monarchy is used
by the ancient Rome and the Vatican City where the pope is
elected by the cardinal. To be a cardinal, you have to be a bishop.
To be a bishop you have to be a priest. To be a priest, you have to
have a master of divinity degree and catholic philosophy degree.
In a government structure there is something called a
government system. The government system is divided into two
systems. The systems are presidential, and parliament.
The presidential system or the Congress is a system where
the executive is elected through election, and the legislative
power is divided. In this system, the country authority is divided
to three parts which is the executive, legislative, and judiciary.
This dividing system is called called the Trias Politica. In a
presidential system, the ministers are selected by the presidents
to help him. They have a responsibility towards the president. In a
presidential system, president is a powerful spot but, if the
president breaks the rules, betrays the country, involved in a

criminal activity, the president would be replaced by the vice

president.
Characteristics of this system:
- Countries who uses this type of system have a
president as the head of the country and government.
- President is elected through election
- Presidents have a right to select and fire a minister
- The executive power cannot be forced by the legislative
Pros of Presidential system:
- The presidential period is clear because it is written in
the constitution.
Example: Indonesian President 5 years, Philippine president
6 years, USA president 4 years
- The legislative is not the only place for ex-executives.
Normal people could join the legislative institution.
Cons of Presidential system:
- The executive power isnt directly supervised by the
legislative, which makes the executive have great power.
- If there is a decision to make, the executive needs to
talk to the legislative, this makes decision making a long
task.
The second type of government system is the parliament
system. In a parliamentary system, there is a president, king,
queen, emperor, leader, Etc, which acts as the head of the
country. While the Prime Minister is the one who is the head of the
government. Because of that, the head of the country is not
responsible for the government because they are not the one
leading the countrys government. The parliamentary system
have two institutions which is the legislative and the executive.
The legislative is the parliament and the executive is the Prime
Minister. The parliament have a task to represent the people.

They have a task to make decisions for the people's importance

and to reach a certain goal together with the people. The
executive on the other hand is a cabinet filled with ministers led
by the prime ministers. If the cabinet wants to get rid of the
parliament, the president have the right to do so. But, if the new
parliament is not as good as the previous parliament, the cabinet
will be dismissed.
It is now time to talk about the government structure of
Indonesia. Indonesia is a Unitary state and Republic. According to
the UUD 1945, Indonesia uses the presidential system with some
parliament elements. The parliament element is the legislative
institution which consist of house of representatives or DPR and
Regional Representative Council or DPD. Hence, the Indonesian
system is presidential and parliamentary. In the history of
Indonesian government there are lots of government changes. In
1945-1949, Indonesia uses Parliament system. In 1959-1966
Indonesia uses guided democracy, which is the president is head
of country and government and chooses the cabinet and
ministers.
The Indonesian government today and the government when
Soeharto is the president of Indonesia is different. The Soeharto
period is called the new order (the old order is soekarnos period),
while today's period is called the reformation order.
New Order:
- Indonesia is a country based on country law
- Indonesia uses the constitutional system
- The People's Consultative Assembly or MPR is
the most powerful position
- President is the highest authority in the
government after the People's Consultative Assembly or
MPR

- President have no responsibility towards the

People's Consultative Assembly or MPR
- Ministers only help the president and have no
responsibility towards the house of representatives or
DPR
- The power of the head of the country is
limitless.
Reformation Order:
- Indonesia is a unitary state
- The countrys region is divided to provinces
- The government structure in indonesia is republic, and
the system is presidential
- The president is the head of the country and
government
- President and vice president is elected by the people
- Cabinet is chosen by the president
- Parliament divided into two, house of representatives or
DPR and Regional Representative Council or DPD.
- DPR and DPD are members of People's Consultative
Assembly or MPR, they have the task to create the
constitution
- Judiciary is run by supreme court or mahkamah agung
and justice agency below it.
The indonesian government is divided in three institutions.
Executive, legislative, and judiciary. The executives are President,
Vice President, Ministers, the army, and government employees.
Executives have a task to to run the constitutions made by the
legislatives. While running the constitution, the president is
helped by his ministers. The second institution is Legislative.
Legislative is filled by DPR and DPD. The legislative have a task to
make the constitution. DPR is the central spot, while the DPR in a
province level is called the DPRD, the DPR in the city level is
called the DPRD city/district. The third institution is Judiciary.

Judiciary is filled with supreme court or MA, Constitutional Court

or MK, and KY. Judiciary have a task to supervise the president.
After the information about the government structure, systems,
here are the compare and contrast of government structures and
systems that is used by Indonesia, England, Republic of Ireland,
and The Netherlands.
Attribute

Indonesia

Inggris

Republic of
Ireland

Belanda

Head of
country

President

Queen or king

President

Queen or king

Head of
Government

President

Prime Minister

Prime Minister

Prime Minister

Government
Structure

Unitary state,
Republic

Constitutional
Monarchy

Democracy
Parliamentary,
Republic

Constitutional
Monarchy

Sistem
pemerintahan

Presidential

Parliamentary

Presidential

Parliamentary

Analysis
One of Indonesias major problems are corruption. There are lots of
corruption that happen to Indonesia that caused by the governor. The
structure that Indonesia used is already effective but, there are still parts to
improve. Those things are the Judiciary institution and the KPK. If the
Judiciary institution is better, they could know if a central, or regional
government is corrupting the country. The Judiciary also need to have the
rights to order the Police Department. If that is possible, they could
immediately capture the corruptor. We also need to improve on KPK so
they can immediately capture someone outside the government that is a
corruptor.
The Way Out

The solution to corruption of Indonesia, is to improve the Judiciary

department and KPK, so they can know any member of the government
that is a corruptor. The Judiciary also needs to have the right to order the
police so they can capture the corruptor as soon as possible.

Sumber:
Republic:
http://tonoccs.blogspot.com/2011/10/republik-romawi.html
http://pemerintah.net/bentuk-pemerintahan-republik/
http://www.sejarah-negara.com/2014/09/pergantian-3-zaman-romawi-kuno.html
http://kbbi.web.id/republik
http://matakristal.com/republik-absolut/
http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2014/03/04/1903432/Kim.Jong.Un.Bertarung.dala
m.Pemilu.Korea.Utara
https://prezi.com/50igngwxv9ui/republik-konstutisional/
http://matakristal.com/republik-konstitusional/
http://sistempemerintahan-indonesia.blogspot.com/2013/08/perbedaan-sistempemerintahan.html
http://ciri-cirinya.blogspot.com/2014/09/arti-dan-ciri-ciri-sistem-pemerintahan.html
https://gerbangtani.wordpress.com/2013/03/24/fungsi-parlemen/
Unitary state:
http://www.terpelajar.com/pengertian-dan-ciri-ciri-bentuk-negara-kesatuan-federasi-dankonfederasi/
http://www.maribelajarbk.web.id/2015/04/pengertian-ciri-ciri-negara-kesatuan.html
http://study.com/academy/lesson/unitary-government-definition-examples-advantagesdisadvantages.html
Monarchy:

Presidential System:
http://www.dosenpendidikan.com/pengertian-sistem-dan-kabinet-presidensial-sertatugasnya/
Parliamentary system:
http://sistempemerintahan-indonesia.blogspot.com/2013/08/perbedaan-sistempemerintahan.html
http://ciri-cirinya.blogspot.com/2014/09/arti-dan-ciri-ciri-sistem-pemerintahan.html
https://gerbangtani.wordpress.com/2013/03/24/fungsi-parlemen/
Indonesian system:
http://sistempemerintahanindonesia.com/
http://www.terpelajar.com/pengertian-dan-ciri-ciri-bentuk-negara-kesatuan-federasi-dankonfederasi/
http://gumilar69.blogspot.com/2013/12/perbandingan-sistem-pemerintahan.html
http://boliberbagi.blogspot.com/2013/04/tugas-pokok-dan-fungsi-eksekutif.html

http://boliberbagi.blogspot.com/2013/04/tugas-pokok-dan-fungsi-eksekutif.html
Compare
and
Contrast:
http://eu2013.ie/ireland-and-the-presidency/aboutireland/irishpoliticsandgovernment/irishpoliticalsystem/
http://www.amsterdam.info/netherlands/political-system/
http://www.ranker.com/list/countries-ruled-by-constitutional-monarchy/reference?
var=2&utm_expid=16418821-135.-M4R2gbDRBSHMkmXmitadA.1&utm_referrer=https
%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.id%2F