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Montesquieu
Lettre persanes " : Horace
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" " traduttore
traditore " " traduction trahison




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[ 6 .] 256-255
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interfrence
linguistique " :

" [ 6 .]258

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Roman Jakobson ]5 .]61-60
:
. intralinguale
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. interlinguale
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. intersmiotique
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Jeorges Mounin

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300
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[. [ 14 277-276


signifiant
signifi .

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" "
...
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. Pater Pre .
"" .

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. fleuve, rivire
" " river
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oncle
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cases vides

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Dnotations .

Connotations

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arbitraire du signe linguistique


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[ 6 .] 273-272

entropie
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[ 7 ..] 237


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Vinay et Darbelnet "
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" [ 19
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- 1 lemprunt
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(...

. concierge
janitor . intifada
.1987
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( ) (
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-2 le calque
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season compliments compliments de la saison
bonne fin de semaine
. week end " "
de la part de il travaille
. comme enseignant
. il a jou un rle important dans cette affaire
-3 la traduction littrale
-
.
. She looked at him
Elle le regarda " " .
at regarder
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:
He looked at the map (2) He (1) :
. looked the picture of health

Il regarda la carte " " .

Il paraissait limage de la sant
" " . Il se portait
comme un charme " " "
" [ 19 .] 48-47
-
-1 Transposition )
(...
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" " " "
.
Fais-le avant de partir : . Fais-le avant ton dpart

He ran across the street " " " : "

. .Il travsrsa la rue en courant
Il courut travers la rue " "
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Je mappelle Pierre my name is Pierre .
: .
Give way Priorit droite " " .
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Go for help allez chercher du secours " " " " .
for chercher "" .
as soon as they returned home Ds leur retour chez eux " " .
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.
chass-crois

transposition croise
. He ran across the street
Il traversa la rue en courant " "
: ran en courant
across .traversa
" "
" ".
:
The plane thundered down the runway
Lavion slana sur la piste avec un bruit de tonnerre
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He marched offIl partit grandes enjambes

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He shot the spy deadIl tua lespion dun coup de revolver / .

- It will wash out
a partira au lavage
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The leaves had been blown awayLes feuilles avaient t emportes par le vent
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. He walked across the street
Il traversa la rue " " . across
traversa " " . walked
en marchant " "
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toffement effacement ou allgement

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My house is bigger than my uncle' s Ma
maison est plus grande que celle de mon oncle "
)( " . .
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The trade deficit rose to a record $60 billion
Le dficit commercial a atteint le chiffre record de 60 milliards de
dollars

60 .
These companies will be puniched through tariffs Ces compagnies seront sanctionnes par l application detarifs douaniers
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10

He booked into a hotelIl rserva une chambre dans un htel

/ .
He was running for his life
Il courait pour sauver sa vie
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- 2 Modulation

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" " Je
nai plus faim " " " "
Bonne fte . ) do not enter (
entre interdite " "

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is not difficult to show Il est facile de dmontrer
" " ... . The time when
le moment o" " . le temps o
" "
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.x
-

:

) (...

He swung the bill in my face

Il magita laddition sous le nez
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Il s claircit la voix
He cleared his throat
/ )(.

Life-jacket
Gilet de sauvetage
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Pare-brise
Windshield

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) (.

He read the book from cover to cover

Il lut le livre de la premire la dernire page
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The houses were all dark
Pas une maison navait de lumire
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He has been a source of disturbance ever since Il navait cess d tre une source de problmes depuis / :
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More with rage than timidityMoins par timidit que par colre
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Elle avait de la peine le suivre

She followed him as best she could
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He has a guilty conscienceIl na pas la conscience tranquille

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I know as little as you do about itJe nen sais pas plus que vous
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He had to be forcibly restrained from leaving On dut employer la force pour lempcher de partir ) (.

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Their flight was not yet being called On navait pas encore annonc leur vol / leur vol navait pas - encore
t annonc.
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You are wanted on the phone On vous demande au tlphone

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He is regarded as the best student

Il passe pour tre le meilleur tudiant
. /
We are not allowed to use a dictionnary
On ne nous permet pas de nous servir dun dictionnaire / Lusage - du
dictionnaire nous est interdit
. /
I was sure the police would be called in
Jtais sr quon ferait venir la police
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As if he owned the house
Comme si la maison lui appartenait
. /
He was knee deep in water
Leau lui arrivait aux genoux
/ /
.( + )

The joke was on me

Je fis les frais de la plaisanterie
. /

His clothes hung loosely around him

Il flottait dans ses vtmemts
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You can have it

Je vous le laisse / Tu peux lavoir -

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/.

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Il tait dun srieux-...
! How grave he was
!

Singing in the rain

Chantons sous la pluie
.Say the word and you re dead
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.ffff
.hhhh

Si tu prononces ce mot, tu es mort

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You re quite a stranger
On ne vous voit plus
) (.
- 3 Equivalence

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" Ae !" : ." ! Ouch " :

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.thank you
you re welcome tu es (le) bienvenu ]19 ] 52
" " " " .
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de rien, il ny a pas de quoi, je ten prie " " "
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To return empty handed
Revenir bredouille
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a far-fetched hypothsisune hypothse tire par les cheveux
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Over my dead body

a jamais/jamais de la vie
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Its raining cats and dogsIl pleut des cordes
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Too many cooks spoil the broth
Deux patrons font chavirer la barque
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A man is known by the company he keepsDis-moi qui tu frquentes, je te dirai qui tu es

.qqqq
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- 4 Adaptation

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brown
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eyes brown des yeux bruns :
brown butter du beurre roux
brown shoes des chaussures marron brown bread du pain bis
brown paper du papier gris
brown hair des cheveux chtins .

residential areas
. les beaux quartiers
.
-Le quartier des affaires le centre ville
downtown . business center
sitting on the porch Il prend le frais sur le pas de
.sa porte

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He shook me by the hand Il me serra la main avec effusion " " .

. He greeted his father Il embrassa son
pre" " Il salua son pre" " .
He kissed his father .

... .
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The sight of those apples announced the re-opening of school
[ 19 ] 264-263 :
La vue de ces cahiers, crayons et cartables annonait la rentre scolaire.

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) (
transposition )( modulation
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. quivalence
adaptation
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Andr Gide ].19 ] 267
. Hamlet
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2000 Cicron
verbum pro verbo ]10 .] 10
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17

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:
.1999 - : [ 1 ]
.1996 239 : [ 2 ]
.1996 . [ 3 ]
.1995 : [ . 4] [
. : .[ 5 ]
.1989 [ 6 ]
.1994 [ 7 ]

:
[8] Michel Ballard, Relations discursives et traduction, Presses Universitaires de
Lille, 1995.
[9] Franois Gallix, Michel Walsh, La traduction littraire, Paris, Hachette, 1997.
[10] Amparo Hurtado Albir, La notion de fidlit en traduction, Paris, Didier, 1990.
[11] Colette Laplace, Thorie du langage et thorie de la traduction, Paris, Didier,
1994.
[12] Marianne Lederer, La traduction aujourdhui, Paris, Hachette, 1994.
[13] Marianne Lederer, Fortunato Isral, La libert en traduction, Paris, Didier,
1991.
[14] G. Mounin, Les problmes thoriques de la traduction, Paris, 1963.
[15] G. Mounin, Les belles infidles, Presses Universitqires de Lille, 1994. 1re
dition 1955.
[16] Ins Oseki-Dpr, Thories et Pratiques de la traduction littraire, Paris,
Armand Colin, 1999.
[17] Maurice Pergnier, Les fondements socio-linguistiques de la traduction, Presses
Universitqires de Lille, 1993.
[18] Isabelle Perrin, Langlais : comment traduire ? Paris, Hachette, 1996.
[19] J.P.Vinay, J.Darbelnet, Stylistique compare du franais et de langlais, Paris,
Didier, 1958. Ed. consulte, 1999.

18
:

Translation problems : applied study

Mohamed Nabil Nahas Homsi
Associate Professor,
Depatrement of European
Languages and Translation,
College of Languages and Translation,
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

Abstact. The absence of complete equivalence among languages on all levels

makes translation a difficult if not an impossible mission. Does this mean that we
should stop translating ? Of course not.
In this paper, we shed light on the techniques translators use to overcome the
difficulties they face. Translators are obliged to use these techniques in order to
render a text that does not deform the target language but abide with its styles.
In this respect, there are seven types of technique, three are direct : borrowing,
calque and literal translation. The other four are indirect : transposition,
modulation, equivalence and adaptation. It goes without saying that translators
should not overuse these techniques, but resort to them only in cases whene they
can not produce a smooth text in the target language.