Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
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VZ{AZW
- -
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. Katrina OMara and Mark Rayer, The Australian renewable Energy, Mordoch
University, June .
. Ontario Hydro, Alternative Energy Review, September
. Walter C. Patterson, The Energy Alternative, Boxtree Ltd, London,
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- -
W
SS(VA)
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= PS + jQS W
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W
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W
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W
K
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W
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K
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IS
2
2
W
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2
2
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I
2 R
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2
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WE{FE{F IS
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Z LY
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4
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({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
K K
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SR
PR
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W
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- -
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S S = 3VS I S = 3U S I S =
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cos S sin S
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PR
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PR
100
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W
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
( - Method )
K{
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IL
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V
2
2 R
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK I C1 =
W
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Y
jC
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V
2
2 S
W
- -
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK V = Z L I L = ( R + jX L ) I L
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VS = V R + V = V R + Z L I L E{{F
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VS = V R + Z L ( I R + I C1 )
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VS = V R + Z L ( I R +
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VS = (1 +
Y
V )
2 R
E{FIc
Z LY
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2
W
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKK I S = I L + I C 2 = I R + I C1 + I C 2
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKK I S
= IR +
Y
Y
V R + VS E{ {{F
2
2
WE{FVS
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
I S
= IR +
YZ
Y
Y
V R + (1 + L )V R + ZI R
2
2
2
W
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK I S = Y (1 +
YZ L
YZ
)V R + (1 + L ) I R
4
2
W
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK V (%) =
VS V R
100
VR
KK
XLK
KP
WPloss(W)
- -
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PLoss = PS PR
({)
SS(VA)
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S S = 3VS I S*
QS(VAR)PS(W)
W
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S S = PS + jQS
WQR(VAR)PR(W)SR(VA)
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S R = 3V R I R*
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S R = PR + jQR
Qs(VAR)Ps(W)
W
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PS = 3VS I S cos S
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKK S S = 3VS I S = 3U S I S =
PS
QS
=
cos S sin S
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PR = 3V R I R cos R
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK QR = 3V R I R sin R
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK S R = 3V R I R = 3U R I R =
- -
PR
QR
=
cos R sin R
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK (%) =
PR
100
PS
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VS = AVR + BI R
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK I S = CV R + DI R
KA, B, C, D
K
{K
IS
VS
IR
A, B, C, D
VR
W{
E{FE{F
WDCBAE{ {F
Z LY
Z LY
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VS = 1 +
V R + Z L 1 +
I
2
4 R
- -
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK I S
YZ
= YV R + 1 + L I R
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
({)KKKKKKKKKK AD BC = 1
:{
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK A = D = 1 +
Z Y
B = Z L 1 + L
4
C=Y
Z LY
({)
({)
({)
WBCAD
{ T
Z LY
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VS = 1 +
V + Z L I R
2 R
YZ
YZ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK I S = Y 1 + L VR + 1 + L I R
4
2
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK A = D = 1 +
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
({)
Z LY
B = Z L
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK C = Y 1 +
YZ L
2
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK AD BC = 1
({)
({)
W
KFerranti EffectK
- -
IS
VS s
Sending end
XL
IC1
IC2
IC1
VR
XC/2
XC/2
Medium line
Receiving end
(-Model) W{
W
XLIC1
VS
IC1
RIC1
ZLIC
VR
(-Model) W{
({)KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VS =
- -
(VR X L I C )
+ ( RI C ) 2
L=mHR=f=Hz J {
kVLagging{P=kW
WK
KJ
KJ
KJ
KmJ {
WUR=kV
Resistance/km/phase = { ZJ
Inductance/km/phase = { mHZJ
Capacitance/km/phase = {FZJ
Frequency f = Hz
( T-Method ) TJ
Wp.f = { MW
KJ
KJ
KJ
KJ
UR=kVP= MWKm{
WK{
Resistance/phase = ZJ
Inductive reactance/phase = ZJ
- -
W ( -Method ) J
J
J
J
J
K
- -
Electrical
.
B.L.THERAJA, A.K. THERAJA A Textbook of
Technology, S. CHAND&COMPANY LTD.,New Delhi, .
. Olle I. Elgerd Electric Energy Systems Theory An Introduction ,
McGraw-Hill, New York, .
. Kundder, Power system stability and control, McGraw-Hill, New
York,.
. Stevenson William D., Elements of Power System Analysis, McGrawHill, th ed., .
- -
KVI=A K
K
K{
J
J
VZG {AZG
KJ
KJ
EEFAEFAEFWF
P=MW
J
KXS={ KU=kV(Lag.)P.F.={
K
WJ
{Z
kWZ
E{EF{x kWhEFWF
J
KJ
--
MW, MW, MW
W
J
WK{KMW
KJ
E{x kWhEFMWEFWF
kW J
WKkWhkW
KE
KE
E{EF{EFWF
WJ
a.m. p.m.
noona.m.
p.m.noon
p.m.p.m.
p.m.p.m.
p.m.p.m.
E
WE
K{
K{W
E{EFWF
--
Symbols
Active power : P
Ampere or area : A
Number of poles : p
Capacitance : C
Reactive power : Q
Diameter, Distance: D
Radius : r
Frequency : f
Temperature, Cycle : T
Conductance : G
Resistance : R
Apparent power : S
Voltage of cell : E
Farad : F
Head, Henry : H
Current : I
Reactance : X
Vector operator : j
Admittance : Y
Permittivity of air :
Impedance : Z
Relative permittivity : r
Ohm :
Efficiency :
Length : l
Angular Velocity : m
Permeability :
Inductance : L
Mass : m
Speed : N
--
KKK
KKKK
KKKKKKK
KKK
KK
KKKK
EF
KK
KKKK
EF
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W
K
KK
KK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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KKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKK
KK
KK
KK
KEF
KKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKK
KK
KKKK
KKKKK
KKK
KK
KKKK
KKK
KK
KKKKKK
KK
KKK
KKK
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KKKKK
KKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKK
KKK
KKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKK
KKKKKK
( T - Method ) T
KK
KKK
KKK
KKK
( - Method )
KKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKK
KKK
KKT
KK
KKK
EF