sarros 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal 40 Inventive Principles of Automotive Tushar Kanikdale | On 24, Jul 2015 Tushar Kanikdale, Technology Black Bell, tushar.s kanikdale @cummins.com Dr, Shankar M. V, Direefor Technology Planning, shankar.venugopal @cummins.com ‘Cummins Technologies india Lid. Pune, India Introdu TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) was invented by Genrich Altshuler in Russia by analyzing more than 2 milion patents. He found recurring and typical pattems among high level inventions. The essence of this database has been captured into a generic ist of 40 inventive principles known as the TRIZ 40 principles. TRIZis based on the fundamental premise that problem occur due to physical or technical contradictions in the system. The solution resolving these contradictions is inherently a creative or innovative solution. TRIZ provides 40 inventive principles to resolve contradictions in the system. The principles are generic enough to apply across different problems, products and industries to create innovative solutions, TRIZ has set a concrete foundation for Systematic Innovation and has set, forward a continuously evolving discipline for organized learning, This article highlights the application of these principles in automotive industry with a twofold aim; frst being to create awareness of the TRIZ method and second the development of appreciation for prevalent technology solutions. At least three examples are quoted for application of each principle with references. The knowledge of principles and art of applying them s expected to empower automotive engineers to create successful technical solutions in their own functional area. The solutions are also explained in a Table towards the end ofthe article using a simple framework as to which technical or physical contradiction the solution potentially resolves. 40 Pri iples of Automotive ‘Segmentation = Make an object or system easy to disassemble, = Divide an object or system into independent parts 5 k3Ch1%20elass%30 %22ologe%20ertryt6%4222%420itemprophk3D%2itemReviewed22%2DtemscopsHL3D%22%22... 1427018 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal 1 Increase the degree of fragmentation or segmentation. Examples: 41. Compressor in Turbocharger application is segmented in to multistage to achieve higher pressure ratio atlow end as well as high end with reduced turbo lag (Autozine-Technical-School, 2012) 2. The Rotor or Stator core in electrical machines are made through assembly of individual laminations to have least eddy current losses for specified electrical energy 3. Spring Segmented with different coil pitch to provide variable stiness to ensure low stiffness on smooth road and high stifhess on rough road as required for driving comfort Taking Out ‘= Separate an interfering part or property from an object or system, or single out the only necessary part or property. Examples: 1, Engine mounted to rear of the bus instead of front to maximize seating capacity for high power and size of engine (Commercial-Motor, 2013) 2. Engine intake connection is moved to the top, away from engine in heavy trucks (cold intake) to achieve maximum volumetric efficiency irrespective of high temperatures around engine installation area, 3. The exhaust system in electricity generator set is taken out on the top of the enclosure to reduce internal heating and air flow resistance Local Quality = Change an object or system structure from uniform to non-uniform, change an external environment (or external influence) from uniform to non-uniform = Make each part of an object or system function in conditions most suitable for its operation. = Make each part of an object or system fulfil a different and useful function Examples: 41. Gasoline lean bum stratifed charge engine uses stoichiometric ratio near spark plug and lean ratio in the remainder of the combustion process to achieve lower Nox (by having low temperature due to higher amount of air) and lower unburned HG or higher fuel economy (due to higher chances of complete combustion) (Bonk, 2011) 2, The Fan Blade angles are different at inner and outer diameter to adjust to relative velocity for minimum losses for a given blade size 3. Braking effort distribution is different for front and rear brakes as used in car electronic brake distribution (EBD) systom to maximize braking effectiveness for input braking effort Asymmetry = Change the shape of an object or system from symmetrical to asymmetrical 1 Ifan object or system is asymmetrical, change its degree of asymmetry Examples: 1. Engine intake valve is larger than exhaust valve to have higher volumetric efficiency (by reducing intake flow resistance) for specified bore size of engine otatextiml;charset-uth8,%ICh1%20c1ass%9D %72ologle%2Derryti%422% 0itemprop%k3D%2itemReviewsd%22%2BteMscope%%30%22%22... 2/1427018 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal 2. Propeller shaft speed is transferred with different gear ratios to left and right driving wheels during turning using differential to ensure turning without skidding of any wheels. 3. Use of asymmetric cylinder arrangement in V-engine to reduce width for effective packaging in smaller cars (Gable, 2012) Merging 1 Bring closer together (or merge) identical or similar objects, assemble identical or similar parts to perform parallel operations. = Make operations contiguous or parallel; bring them together in time Examples: 1. Two spring suspension in bikes moved to single spring under seat which allows higher comfort at reduced cost 2. Spokes, rim and hub are merged into a single assembly in two-wheelers to achieve same functionality with reduced number of parts and cost 3. Radiator core and charge air cooler core are integrated into single assembly to achieve desired cooling performance within compact size Universality = Make an object or system performs multiple functions; eliminate the need for other parts. = Use standardizes features Examples: 1, Monocoque chassis in cars is used as car body as well as chassis for supporting parts(Autozine, 2012) 2, Carseat adjuster also being used as seat mounting 3. Variable geometry turbocharger being used for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) control (Cummins, 2012) Nesting = Place one object inside another; place each object, in tum, inside the other = Make one part pass through a cavity in the other Examples: 1. Engine block hosting water and lubrication flow passages for compact design 2. Air fiter embedded inside intake system pipe for compact engine assembly 3, Alrcraft wings carrying fuel for compact and low weight design Anti:Weight = To compensate for the weight (downward tendency) of an object or system, merge it with other object or system that provides lif. = To compensate for the weight (downward tendency) of an object or system, make it interact with the environment (e.g. use global lif forces). Examples: otatexthiml;charset=uth8,%9Ch% 20135 %9D %Z2ologle%2Dertryti%422% 0Itemprop%k3D%2AtemReviewsd%22%2DteMscopss30%22%22.. 427018 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal 1. Crankshafthas balancing weights to counter rotational forces for minimizing vibrations at rated speed 2. Suspension system to counter the vertical vehicle forces (shocks) for maximizing riding comfort at rated speed of vehicle 3. Carburetor has float to regulate the fuel flow to ensure specified fuel quantity metering while keeping system far less complex Preliminary Anti-Action * Ifitwill be necessary to do an action with both harmful and useful effects, this action should be replaced with anti- actions to control harmful effects = Create beforehand stresses in an object or system that will oppose known undesirable working stresses later on Examples: 1. Wheel spokes are pre-stressed to bear higher vertical loads with same geometry 2. Torsional bar is used in automobiles to counter the rolling moment on uneven terrain with minimal complexity to suspension system 3. Helicopter blades are designed to be in static bend condition as they straighten out during rotation to ensure target aerodynamic efficiency at low tensile stresses Preliminary Action = Perform, before itis needed, the required change of an object ar system (either fully or partially) = Prearrange objects such that they can come into action from the most convenient place and without losing time for their delivery Examples: 1. Shims are used during servicing to ensure no gap between engine valves and tappet due to thermal expansion for higher reliability without need to change major parts 2. Aspecial fuel filter to remove excess water from the fuel to achieve target engine performance without complex combustion system 3. Car under-body is sprayed with anti-corrosion paint to prevent rusting Boforehand Cushioning = Prepare emergency means beforehand to compensate for the relatively low reliability of an object or system Examples: 1. Airbags in s to reduce damage even athigh severity failure modes 2. On board diagnosis with ECU control of engine in case of failure symptoms 3. Radiator equipped with spring loaded pressure valve to let aff the steam in case of high pressure build up in the system 4, Laminated car glass (glass is bonded together by intermediate PVB layer to protect passengers from glass injury) Equipotentiality = In potential field, limit position changes (e.g. change operating conditions to eliminate need to raise or lower objects, otatextiml;charset-uth8,%ICh%20class%9D %Z2ologle%2Derryti%422% 0Itemprop%k3D%2iteMReviewed%22%2BteMscopss30%22%22... 4/1427018 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal in a gravity field) Examples: 1, Intake system location is fixed nearly equipotential to engine ports for minimum pressure losses even with higher intake system length 2. Use of garage pit to have easy serviceability with minimum vehicle movement 3. Electricity Generator Set skid having wheels to have transportation ease within plants with minimum energy consumption ‘The Other way Round 1 Invert the action(s) used to solve the problem (e.g. instead of cooling an object, heat it) = Make movable parts (or the external environment) fixed, and fixed parts movable) = Tum the object (or process) ‘upside down’ Examples 1. Use of wheel energy to drive engine back for higher braking effectiveness atlow braking efforts (Rettie, 2012) 2. To clean air or DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) filters, airis blown in opposite direction which ensures high cleaning effectiveness at reduced cost and complexity(DTS-Articles, 2012) 3. Chassis Dynamometer is used where vehicle is steady and dyno moves to create road conditions for analyzing performance at lower cost and higher convenience Spheriodality / Curvature = Surfaces to spherical ones; parts shaped as a cube (parallelepiped) to ball-shaped structures 1 Instead of using rectilinear parts, surfaces, or forms, use curvilinear ones; change flat = Use rollers, balls, spirals, domes = Change from linear to rotary motion, use centrifugal forces Examples: 1. Car comers made curved to reduce the air drag even athigher speeds 2. Fan/compressoriturbine blades are curved to reduce flow losses at high flow rates 3. Dustin airis removed through spiral path centrifugal action in air filter to improve filtering effectiveness at lower complexity and cost Dynamics = Allow (or design) the characteristics of an object, extemal environment, or process to change to be optimal or to find an optimal operating condition. = Divide an object or system into parts capable of movement relative to each other + fan object or system is rigid or inflexible, make it movable or adaptive Examples: 1. Active torque cancellation for smoother operations in electricity generator set even athigh speeds otatexthiml;charset-uth 8, %ICh1% 201835 %9D %Z2ologle%2Derryti%422% 20Itemprop%k3D%2HteMReviewsd%22%2DteMscops%30%22%22.. 1427018 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal 2. Variable geometry turbocharger or variable valve timing to ensure high performance (Boost, emission and fuel economy) at all operating points needing different design settings 3, Continuously variable transmission to maintain the desired engine speed while eliminating manual gear shifting efforts Partial or Excessive Action = 1100 percent of an objective is hard to achieve using a given solution method then, by using ‘slightly less’ or ‘slightly more’ ofthe same method, the problem may be considerably easier to solve Examples: 1. Lean Nox trap (LNT) reduces excess Nox in one cycle using excess UHC (unburned hydrocarbon) from next cycle to reduce Nox with low after treatment system complexity (MECA, Dec-2007) 2. Anti-lock Braking system allows the application of full brake and then reduces the braking pressure on tires for better control with more reliable braking 3. Fuel pump delivers fixed amount of fuel which is in excess of actual requirement. The excess amount is returned back via return fuel line. This ensures correct metering with less complex fuel pump design. Another Dimen: nm = Use a multi-story arrangement of objects instead ofa single-story arrangement. = Move an object or system in two- or three-dimensional space. Tiltor re-orient the object or system, lay iton its side Use ‘another side’ of a given area Examples: 1. Packaging of engine, radiator and plumbing under car hood uses pipes to route within various 360 degree planes horizontal and vertical for effective packaging within compact size 2. The car body frame is transported within shop from overhead conveyor arrangement for transport of multiple parts, within space available 3. Multi-story car parks to park multiple vehicles within space available Mechanical Vibrations = Cause an object or system to oscillate or vibrate. = Increase its frequency (even up to the ultrasonic). = Use an object or system resonant frequency. = Use piezoelectric vibrators instead of mechanical ones. = Use combined ultrasonic and electromagnetic field oscillations. (Use external elements to create oscillation/vibration). Examples: 41. The fuel injector nozzle tip is mechanically vibrated with ultrasonic frequencies to achieve finer droplet breakup without increasing rail pressure 2. Active noise cancellation is achieved through mechanical vibration of diaphragm with inverted phase to allow otatexthiml;charset=uth 8, %ICh1%20clas5%9D %Z2ologle%2Derryti422% 20itemprop%k3D%2HtemReviewed%22%2BteMscops%s30%22%22.. 427018 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal higher cooling performance at iow noise in electricity generator sets 3. Piezoelectric control is used in fuel injector for high responsiveness at all operating point to deliver specified fuel quantity Periodic Actions 1 Instead of continuous action, use periodic or pulsating actions. = fan action is already periodic, change the periodic magnitude or frequency = Use pauses between impulses to perform a different action Examples: 1. Pulse rriven fuel pump for accurate flow with reduced energy minimizing the need for excess fuel 2. Use of tuned exhaust or intake manifold (resonator|for high volumetric efficiency 3. Fuel injection happens in stages (Pilot, main etc) rather than continuous flow Continuity of Useful Action = Carry on work continuously; make all parts of an object or system work at full load, all the time = Eliminate all idle or intermittent actions or work Examples: 1, Engine continues to run at its peak efficiency and electric power is Used to level demands leading to high power and high efficiency in hybrid vehicles 2. “Justin time” manufacturing eliminates waste by continuous flow and processing of material to ensure on time delivery at minimum inventory cost 3. Use of Micro-turbine for continuous flow, leading to high power density and compact system Skipping = Conducta process, or certain stages (e.g. destructive, harmful or hazardous operations) at high speed. Examples: ‘= Start-stop Engine contro! during traffic or stop for higher fuel economy for specified driving comfort = Use of waste gate in turbine to skip excessive pressure boost points, ensuring higher boost at low end with specified boost at high end ‘= Use of statistical process control to skip 100% partinspection and ensure quality at reduced cost Blessing in Disguise ‘= Eliminate the primary harmful action by adding itto another harmful action to resolve the problem, = Use harmful factors (particularly, harmful effects of the environment or surroundings) to achieve a positive effect = Amplify a harmful factor to such a degree that itis no longer harmful Examples = Vehicle cabin heating using exhaust gas energy to achieve heating at low cost otatextiml;charset-uth 8 %ICh1%20class%9D %Z2ologle%2Dertryti%422% 20itemprop%k3D%2temReviewsd%22%2Btemscops%30%22%22... TH27018 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal = Vehicle idle energy during stop is used for charging batteries in hybrid vehicles to achieve higher fuel efficiency, even with high power application = Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is used to reduce Nox Emissions in engine atlower cost Feedback 1 Introduce feedback (referring back, cross-checking) to improve a process or action. Examples Fuel Injection system uses close loop feedback control to ensure precise fuel injection quantity adapting across all operating points 1. On-board diagnostics for driver to monitor vehicle health to reduce inconvenience due to failure and reducing maintenance cost 2. Close loop Lambda control for 3 way catalytic converter in gasoline engine to control emission at all operating points Intermediary = Use an intermediary carrier article or intermediary process = Merge one abject temporarily with another (which can be easily removed). Examples: Use of gasket between engine head and block to avoid leakage and eliminate the need for precision machining on Interfacing parts 1, Stator blades are used in compressor to guide the flow in right entry angle into rotating blades for higher efficiency athigh flow rate situations 2. Use of relay in electrical circuit to activate high currentlines in a safe way Self Service = Make an object or system serve itself by performing auxiliary helpful functions = Use waste (or lost) resources, energy, or substances, Examples: Recuperative gas turbine uses exhaust waste heat to heat inlet fresh ar fr higher efficiency with less complexity 1, Sharp objects penetrating tubeless tire acts as seal to make them more reliable at lower service cost 2. Gaskets are added with adhesive chemical so that itreacts with coolant o form foolproof seal without needing precision machining at mating surfaces toavold leaks Copying + Instead of an unavailable, expensive, or fragile object or system, use simpler inexpensive copies. + Replace an object or system with optical copies. 1 Ifoptical copies are used, change to IR of UV. (Use an appropriate, out-of-the-ordinary illumination and viewing situation) otatextiml;charset-uth 8 %ICh%20clas5%9D %72ologle%2Derryti%422% 0itemprop%k3D%2HtemReviewed%22%2BteMscops%s30%22%22.. 427018 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal Examples: 1. Computer aided engineering (CAE) is used as virtual simulation platform to evaluate performance of a component or system during design phase to reduce the high cost of prototype testing 2. Front driving mechanism is copied in rear to have four wheel drive, achieving high traction with specified tire size 3. Use system diagrams like Current Reality Tree, Function Maps to get insights to resolve problems efficiently at reduced investigation cost Cheap Short Lived Objects = Replace an expensive object with a multiple of inexpensive objects, compromising certain qualities such as service life Examples: 1. Use of filter paper in air orfFuel filters which are relatively cheaper and can bereplaced after a specified number of hours 2. Use of plastic front and rear bumpers instead of metal to reduce cost after damage considering these areas as more vulnerable than rest 3. Useof lubrication oil for specified miles ensure lubrication effectiveness with lesser complexity Mechanics Substitution = Replace a mechanical means with a sensory (optical, acoustic, taste or smell) means. = Use electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields to interact with the object or system = Change from static to movable fields, from unstructured fields to those having structure Examples: 1. Suspension system uses electro-magnetic particle in the oil to control uid viscosity for desired damping characteristics over different road conditions [for instance high acceleration through pit (high vertical speeds) needs lesser dampening to reduce jerk than lower vertical speeds] 2. Automatic transmission used in cars to reduce manual efforts of shifting gears 3. Cars having drive-by-wire systems (electronic steering electronic brakes, electronic valves) replacing mechanical components with electronics for higher performance Pneumatics and Hydraulics = Use gas and liquid parts of an object or system instead of solid parts (0.g. inflatable, filled with liquids, air cust hydrostatic, hydro-reactive) Examples: 1. Vehicles uses air suspension instead of mechanical spring suspension for higher riding comfort over all road conditions, providing variable stifness, 2. Earth moving equipment uses hydraulic system for power transmission instead of gear transmission to transfer required torque with significantly high ratio and without needing bulky gear system 3, Automobiles uses pneumatic brakes instead of mechanical brakes to improve braking effectiveness even atlower braking efforts without increasing mechanical complexity 4. Caruses hydraulic yorque converter (HCT) for power transmission from engine to wheel to achieve desired engine otatexthiml;charset-uth8,%ICh1%20c1as5%9D %Z2ologile%2Dertryti%422% 0itemprop%k3D%2iteMReviewed%22%2BteMscopss30%22%22.. 427018 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal speed atall operating point and eliminate need of clutch, achieving easier driving at reduced mechanical complexity Flexible and Thin Shells ‘= Use flexible shells and thin films instead of three-dimensional structures. 1 Isolate the object or system from the external environment using floxible shells and thin films. Exampl TWEEL is new wheel technology using flexible elements in the tire to have high riding comfort, higher grip and higher reliability through adapting to any given road terrains (AutoEvolution, 2010) Note: The Twee! eliminates the need for a tire altogether. This is not the right description. 1. Car body is made up of thin flexible thin sheet metal to have more safety at high impact 2. The engine exhaust pipe is provided with flexible pipe elements, compensating for thermal expansion and reduce thermal stresses on rigid parts 3. Flexible Coupling: Thin Plate or Flexible element is used to adjust for misalignment of engine and alternator in electricity generator sets applications Porosity = Make an object or system porous or add porous elements (inserts, coatings, etc.) = Ifan objector system is already porous, use the pores to introduce a useful substance or function, Examples: 1. Alter treatment system (ex. catalytic converter) uses porous honeycomb structure for higher surface area for chemical reactions at specified device length or size (MECA, Dec-2007) 2. Radiators uses porous core to enhance heat transfer with specified frontal area 3, Fuel system uses canister purge valve such as a porous material like charcoal to store (adsorb) evaporated fuel in the fuel tank, then releasing it during operation based on ECU controls Color Changes = Change the color of an objector its external environment = Change the transparency of an object or its external environment Examples: 1, Increase frequency of vehicle noise to cross human hearing limits without need of complex noise cancellation systems 2. Jammer vehicle uses frequency absorption / diversion to eliminate nearby radio frequencies 3. Use of corrosion detection paint which changes color when underlying surface corrodes which improves accuracy of detection at reduced cost and complexity(Ouncan-Aviation, 2013) Homogeneity = Make objects interact with a given object of the same material (or material with identical properties) Examples: otatexthiml;charset-uth 8, %ICh1% 201835 %9D %Z2ologile%2Derryti%422% 20itemprop%k3D%2HitemReviewsd%22%2Dtemscops%s30%22%22.. 10/1427018 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal 1, Turbocharger compressor blades are friction welded to hub for higher strength and reliability at high RPM operations 2. HCCI (Homogenous Charge Combustion Ignition) in diesel engines uses homogenous charge of air and fuel for low emissions by reducing time for Nox formation through instantaneous ignition (constant valume process) which also improves fuel economy through higher temperature (Gable, 2012) 3. Flange and Manifold Material is same to avoid thermal stresses at interface junctions. Discarding and Recovering = Make portions of an object or system that have fulflled their functions go away or modify them directly during operation. = Conversely, restore consumable parts of an object or system directly in operation Examples: 1. Airfiter uses modular designs to add or take out functions based on customer requirements to achieve customization while still using standardized platforms for lower cost 2. Lost foam casting: Precise casting is obtained for intricate shapes where polystyrene foam pattem is evaporated using steam 3, Use of compact axial electrical machine with engine assembly (hybrid) to be used and discarded after specified life without any service required 4, Cylinder deactivation for throttled engine to reduce pumping losses at low power conditions(Foster, 2004) Parameter Change = Change an object’s physical state (e.g. to a gas, liquid, or solid). = Change the concentration or consistency = Change the degree of flexibility. = Change the temperature. Examples 41. Change the intake manifold length to get higher volumetric efficiency and lower pressure drop in engine 2. The specific quantity of urea (eutectic) is used in diesel exhaust fuid (DEF) in SCR (Selective Catalytic reduction) After-treatment device for higher emission reduction (MECA, Dec-2007) 3. Increase disk brake diameter to have higher braking area, lower heat transfer per area and higher reliability 4. Use of pulsed spark plug using capacitor for amplifying voltage for wider spread of spark area for higher efficiency and lower emissions Phase Transition = Use phenomena occurring during phase transitions Examples: 1, Use of heat pipes in radiator rather than metal tubes for high heat transfer at specified size (Cao, 2003) 2. Use of melting wax in engine thermostat to actuate the valve opening to have dynamic openings without complex mechanisms otatexttiml;charset-uth 8, %ICh%20clas5%9D %Z2ologle%2Derryti.%422% 0Itemprop%k3D%2itemReviewed22%2BteMscops%s30%22%22.. 11/1427018 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal 3, Use of fuel in gas form rather than liquid form to allow efficient combustion at lower system complexity (Achieving same efficiency with liquid fuel will make system more complex) ‘Thermal Expansion ‘= Use thermal expansion (or contraction) of materials. + Ifthermal expansion is being used, use multiple materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion Examples: 41. Shape memory alloy can be used for exhaust thermal energy recovery 2, Engine end caps (seals) are contracted using liquid nitrogen and fitted for tight ting 3. Thermal expansion of turbine blade in radial direction is used as passive control to reduce blade tip clearance for higher efficiency ( reduced cross flow over blade tip) Strong Oxidants = Replace common air with oxygen-enriched air (enriched atmosphere). = Replace enriched air with pure oxygen (highly enriched atmosphere). = Expose air or oxygen to ionizing radiation. = Use ionized oxygen ‘= Replace ozonized (or ionized) oxygen with ozone (atmosphere enriched by ‘unstable’ elements). Examples: 1. Use of oxygen rich air for combustion for cleaner combustion and higher efficiency (L. Bool, 2002) 2, Use of DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) to oxidize unbumed hydrocarbon in engine (MECA, Dec-2007) 3, Use of nitrous oxide to inject excessive oxygen in combustion for higher power Inert Atmosphere = Replace a normal environment with an inert one = Add neutral parts, or inert additives to an object or system. Examples: 1, Use of nitrogen to build positive pressure in suspension system (Nitrox Suspension) to avoid foaming in fluid for smoother damping 2. Electron beam welding in vacuum to avoid oxygen deposits 3. Testing of prototypes in standard environment for accurate comparison Composite Structures = A. Change from uniform to composite (multiple) structures Examples: 1, Use of Composite material in automobiles body parts to have higher svength and low weight otatextiml;charset-uth8,%3Ch%20class%9D %Z2ologle%2Dertryti%422% 0itemprop%k3D%2HteMReviewed%22%2BteMscope%30%22%22.. 12/427018 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal 2. Additives to fuels to improve knocking and emissions while maintaining high efficiency 3. Synthetic lubrication oil provides higher performance than petroleum oil( MOTUL, 2012) Bibliography ‘AutoEvolution. (2010). Reinventing the Wheel: a Guide to Michelin's Airless Tire. Retrieved from Web: http:/www.autoevolution cominews/reinventing-the-wheel-a-guide-to-michelins-airless-tire-19937 html Autozine. (2012), Different Types of Chassis. Retrieved from Autozine: http:/www.autozine.orgitechnical_schoolichassisitech_chassis him Autozine-Technical-School. (2012). Turbocharging. Retrieved from Web: http:/www.autozine.orgitechnical_schoollengine/Forced_Induction_3.html Bonk, A. (2011, May). Pre-VTEC Oddity. Retrieved from Honda Tunning: htip:/www-hondatuningmagazine. com/editorial/ntup_1106_pre_vtec_oddity_editoriall Cao, Y. (2003). An Automotive Radiator Employing Wickless Heat Pipes Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Florida Intemational University, Miami, Florida. CommercialMotor. (2013). REAR ENGINES IN 100 NEW BUSES, Retrieved from Web: http:llarchive.commercialmotor.com/article/11th-june-1937/59/rear-engines-in-100-new-buses Cummins. (2012). Cummins VGT Variable Geometry Turbocharger. Retrieved from http:/cumminsengines.comivgt ‘turbocharger DTS-Anicles. (2012). FordDoctorsDTS. Retrieved from Web: http:/hwww forddoctorsdts.com/articles/article-07-03 php Duncan-Aviation. (2013). Aging Aircraft & Corrosion Detection . Retrieved from DuncanAviation: http: www.duncanaviation.aeroifieldguidesicorrosiondetection/corrosion_detection.php Foster, G. M. (2004). Patent No. EP1458958 A1. US. Gable, C. & (2012). Hybrid cars and Alternative-Fuels. Retrieved from About.com: http:/altemativefuels.about.com/od/researchdevelopmenva/HCClbasics him 1, Bool, H. K. (2002). Oxygen For NOx Control —A Step Change in Technology. Praxair, Inc. MECA. (Dec-2007). Emission Control Technologies for Diesel Powered Vehicles. MOTUL. (2012). Product Center. Retrieved from Motul 2012: http:/www.motul.comfin/en Rett, J. (2012). Road Track. Retrieved from Web: http:!iwww roadandtrack.com/car-newsinew-technologyinissan- unveils-active-engine-braking-technology-news-39072 Authors Biography Tushar is a mechanical engineer with masters in thermal engineering from IIT Bombay. He holds a general management degree from SP Jain Institute of Management and Research. He is a certified Black Belt and currently undergoing international TRIZ Level 3 certification. He is specialized in the area of technical problem solving using TRIZ, Technology planning, IP creation, Analysis Led Design and Design for Six Sigma with experience of 12 years in Automotive R&D. Ho is currently working on executing projects related to market specific Technology roadmap creation and building future scenarios as a part of technology strategy. He also acts as IP champion within his organization for Idea Novelty assessment, IP landscape creation & IP Workarounds, Tushar has so far trained more than 300 engineers in the area of Technical problem solving using TRIZ, Design for Six Sigma, IP basics and creating patentable ideas. ‘Shankar is a materials scientist with a masters in Physics and a Ph.D in materials science from the Indian institute of Science. He holds an executive management degree from the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore. He is an otatextiml;charset-utF8,%ICh%20class%9D %Z2ologle%2Dertryti%422% 0itemprop%k3D%2HtemReviewed%22%2Btemscopss30%22%22... 114sarros 40 inventive Principles of AuometveThe Tez Journal inventor and holds ten US patents in the field of White LEDs. He is the recipient of the best Ph.D thesis award and numerous industry innovation awards at GE, Honeywell and Dow chemicals. He is currently leading the technology planning and innovation for Cummins india. He has created a structured innovation methodology and framework “Innovation FLOW’. Shankar teaches a course on technology & Innovation management (TIM) at the Indian Institute of Technologies, Indian Institute of Science and Symbiosis Management Institute. atatexthemcharset=ut- 8 %43Ch1%420cla58%430%22bogtivo% 20onty-tle9:72%470temprop%SD %k22temReviowed422%420itemscopeHeSD22422... 144