Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

c
=FUg;Nah ek:

Ntjrf;jp
ghfk; - 1
=Njt;ajtu;trPu;N\hgep\j; - jkpOiu

jkpOiu:
=tpj; N ahgh]dr; N u\; l > Qhdnrhw; n fhz; l y; >

g+[;a= mUl;rf;jp ehfuh[d;

(=fhNkr; t uhde; j ehju; )
jiytu; - epWtdu;> Ujk;guh Qhd ]gh
GJby;yp

Ebook released by RITANBHARA JNANA SABHA

Our Web: http://vaikari.net
2

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

zPi &@ 1
1.
u @

@Cj zP ZPi
LPPP P Z P ZP &i
@C } P@]V P PiY g T z}_
ZzL LPP P g PY Nz@.

: II
T Zz P z :
&@b@v zev @}i>
dLY G g@L ZziPT uLPL g@d@ zP@]V
NzVg NN@L z_r ]L >P@q.
iN J@
& P
]LNLgPY @.
N v
&SP
T uL v.
&@T ZHg i
zP_@ , jH, Z, Pz} L NP. SP
zP_@ T E>vd PL&Pz ]LP Ri@ n
zT zTP T E>vd PL& EZP @rG.
Nz@ zP_@ gN s@^v . z uZW@v,
@@v, QL@v G TY v_. SiY uZW@viY
NPz_@]Vg nL i@^, _@^; @@viY NPz_@^ N
@Qi@ nL G@^, Pn@L _@^; QL@viY
zPPL uaEP_@ NPi@^ L VL.
g bzDL @_@^, uZ]L@^ ZP@]L QLiY
N@q @ z ZPL_@V Yz! bzDL ZPL_@ P
uaEP_@ . SP uaEP Pn N:
u= ZpiY (T rY N uP)
a = a (zg nL a s)
Z= @]VrG (ZPi) P]L@]VrG?
T rY N uP a GTr N P @]VrG.
SPW uZW, @@v_@ SiY zPP QLP Jv zYPL
uaEP_@ uGrGL. PWYP zP L @gqrG Sz gT
G QLP rG. ZP@> g r, P @L
ZZP SYPPr, N]V v N QLP vT@
NzP uaEP .
SP zP_@ u^Gg N ZT i! i! Lz SP
iPzP @vzP zP_@& i Z} Z@ zzL P
P

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

SgvL @i zY@V@ VL L } @rG.

zP
&r zY
jHzP
&NPn zY
ZzP
&n zY
Pz}zP
&zv zY
SP]L N@VvP P Sn T L Z_@Y
&Pi zPi z..
& ev@ uVP@ P BTv
W@.
SP zP_@Y PY zP_@^ NzgvL @@]V,
P]GP Pz}zP P_@L @@]V NzqzP@ Q z.
SP]L @@ @Bz.
zP
&i &
&
jHzP
& &u
&
ZzP
&QL
&
&@
Pz}zP
&} &Ze
&@>
(&|a])

q Pz}zPiY 9 @@ G r]V@ uq. WY 1. gP

@, 2. NVL@@ L S @@ q rv@g NnVL. SiY 20
@v_@]V uv NVL@@ Z z g} u
@Pg} G NY NV L rvrG. SP g}iY
Ni GgqV: Pz PPY e NPv_rL @iY j
e@gv. P g z uvW. z jiY r d@s
gq SP Pz}zPP @q N@q zP L. Pz () =
LnG. Pz P N]V & iY N@V SP zP
ZH@ uPsrG L . SPn g zP, PzP, a@PzP,
_rzP, EzP &NGY zz N@^ z@. t
_N@Y @, Q vNrGP _N@Y P]L N T@Y
gz@ S@gvz& SP Pz}zP L NPz@ S@zB
ai. ( ) zRd z zP_@^
zR_@Y r iPzP@V@ SgP@ rD. @Pz Z
jHEi& NZV NV P &L. ( ) Pz
zPi ii
&
jHzPi ii
&AH
ZzPi ii
&_@@
Pz}zPi ii &P
SbzDL @]Vv SP Pz}zPi @BV uaEP_@Y
PT
PTg nq uaEP_@ sq. z@Y N NPP q
z.
1. PbPzEaE
2. baE
3. aE
4. EvaE
5. aE
6. PaE
7. NZVdaE
8. KPaE
9. ZziRaE
10.@@aE
11. PaE
12.zL@aE
13. zPzWaE
14.zWaE
15. aE
16.N@VVaE
n@v 2. baE, 5. aE, 16.N@VVaE SP
@h z@ u @rD@. SiY PbPz
4

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

EaE, zWaE, } Pz, Pz@, Pz G x

uaE@^ kPzE G NY TV_rG. WY kPL
PzP@VL @}i, z, PT, TeB, Z GV x
uaEP_@P kPzE zq. SP uaEP @
PT uaEP G z@Y @ZW @Y G t
@}gqrG. SPWY @, P zV uirG,
rG. bzDWt PbPz EaE N N SP
uaEP dP N zP qdYY D@VY S z }
Ngq zzNPD. SPnP zVY S_ P T N
SrD.
uvNqPiWL
uvY uP]L@. &D Vz. TY Gt z P]L ?
T& P uPW N G P]L P>@] G
ZPWz{Y NYzB. SP z{]LP uaEP_@ NPVNPsG
irGL. SP P zL QL NG ai@, a_@, P_@, ZP]L@,
j, jQi@ G TP n@]V g@ zq. t SP n@^
]}N. WY SP]L @, PzP@, @ Z
@v S PLz. Lz SP z{YP zPaEP_@ ]L
i@ Pi, Tn P@z z{@]V@ ]Lg
Psv NYrGL.
SPz{ SP PbPzEaE PTgn, z
Ng n zv SP } TEP QLP
PTPL gY V @}. SitV _@ zX
PTZPit @}gqrG. S> SbsaEPiY GgqrG TE_@]V
z@ @Bz.
1. g z a} @v
2. e a} @v
3. P @v
4. RT uP @v
6. PT Tz @v
6. i @v
Pz}zPi @ SP PbPz EaEiYP
PT R _@ Pz kP, zLz, n z
uP (PnG) rGL. z@]VP SPY TV@@
@}grD.
P]L NV g & Nz v Pnr}_@ SPn n
TzL N @}grG. SP uY @B , n PP
PP_@ PL @@ ZgP PL TZ@@^ d@s
ZH@ P! nGz@^ ZgPP @N@z@VWY d@
D@ zgnq.
SiY gii@gq PT ZP@ i@ & jN PY
zv LL i Nz d@d@ z. v P_@Y
rG jPL_@V Z uPz@ GzG NPYP PT
PLPY G QLP ^z.
P PY P N rzP SP SviY
TV_r N@^z Lin n NPz. P_@ ugN
LNzDY znt P u^G uV P& iPz
5

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

P. z Z & & LP. zP_@ iq u P. >P

& u, Pz z g G. WY S ZP} bi PGgv
TY > P @}. Q & QL & Q Pz z & s
& N G q gk (i) {PYP u u}z.
u@ Nz PnG@N@V. SP u u}P aP zL
P. z & u G a NPTn SP PP
rN@v .
SPn ZHL ZPW z{G P. ZP@ SYL
LP, , gP @zLiY zN@q SP z{G
NYrG. T jvgN@t v SGi & ZT zzP P
Sg Sz siN@v NYrG. bNz r @^^
PLP u^ P uN^@L PzPq S}P r@V
N S TirG. TY PzPL zziW &P NP NY@V
S_ iz@V@ Nz P@ PnG irGP PT zY
P@ u}. bz z E}_@V& z@V u Z@_@
NP uzL P@ qrGP GP Ss. SP z@
n u@i NzGs PzY. Pz @ S_ @@ rG.
Sbz@ ZPLL ZP@@ z a n & z , z ,
ibz ( ) G n@^v v TV_rG. X
i XTq zYP , i z]LTq @ P. z z>Y
S]}PzL & G zP ZiP S u} zrG. ur]L@} bz
Sq @@ z u @} zP P Sq @@V@
TV_rGL Q. S n @ P zz R GiY
P P s Pz: ; i& 2&1Y PP P
b: i g}@ P: i TP zi P
GgqV P@ GYz! S> P_@ TV@ Tr N
PY S .
z@ zPP QL & ZTz i&P
i&P zz_@]V
TV SP uaEP TP u N z@Y EQL,
, s, b@} Bs SY ui. SP it
Z @ @z G n]}@ N@q& Z
@vP @ N@q Bs NPP u @@]V TV
@@ SP N NY cqrD.
D@ N
J@g@V@. SY BzY @}Pz EaE zP@}i
G NY u @}gq Y rV.
t SPgG PT N PLPL T P
TjiY n LZ PaY ai z@ SPWY R uvrGP G
} SP NY lvgvPn @}@ N@V. SY e [i
P]Lg gqi N@VzB G } z Bs
rv. SbzDL Pz TP ZP@WY Ngvz P
rz @B R zLPY S uirG.

Pz @ R
Tgz} P @}
zL jP T L:
Pz Z @: uW AP: z

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

& ! PzTiY cqv Wa PT

rv@. z rL @zY @}. Pz TiY L cqvP z
n @}@L u_@Vt L rv. & PP
LP@ R zL @v. t P PzP PL
z
z& L PLP P_r rG.
Lz SP L NnG GP N SiY @B
@V > ii Nzgqi u}g Bz PL@
zqrG. urY uV Y TZ@@VL N@Vt S
@gv zB P BT zL zq@. t N{@t
N{N@gq zzB G Y }P S_ NPT@Y
S@TY]. @@VY Zi@ P NY@ sdY P
u} P @
@@^@ SP Y g} NgqrG.
P_@ TP,
} B
i @j
P QL Z
01-09-2012

Fwpg;G:
nrd;id =uNk\; mtu;fs; vOjpAs;s rpy Mq;fpyfl;Liufs; mtupd;
mDkjpAld; ,jDs;Ns jf;f ,lq;fspy; Nru;ff
; g;gl;Ls;sd.

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

z P i&@ 1
(PbPzEaE&e)
jkpOiu: =mUl;rf;jp ehfuh[d;
@}: B Pz: j: i_@
eqz ZP: bA PzP P: zi S bPz: zi:
E TzzP: zi P evd: zi gRi PP Ai:
Ai: Ai:

Zz z PP: @z RPT
1
ZgPR gz P gi
E@ j@ A A RLP P:
TQWTQL ()R g g ziPb SPz i:
2
RkP
kP> Rr j@ zP()R zP()R jR
LjR Pz iR
3
R zZH R i P TzPz:
RdzsNV R d> RTWsNV
4
R Z zev E} @ PPR TeB
g}P gji PPd
5
RPPd T} RTeP ZHgb jWZHzP
Re| Z_@ zZHWR ZHz PP
6
>gzP: Z z zP Z P PgWi
7
PPz gz Pb RPb z ZPP :
:g aP: g}P: P
8
P>z PZ zX z @EH jHev @
P A}R g ZHP A P:
9
P zjLP PzP Tz: Az zPi Z
Ej RWP z@ ZHeqP
10
@| gP ze} @P P Zziii P
P : zW z
11
Rd TR Zzi X PW PT: gP
12
iijaev PP Pz P Pz zjP
PPz:
13
@>: @ z R RZ Pz gd: LR
Z@ E TzPi T
14
E()i: E Tz> A_A P}P E
RT 15

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

z zP Z Z@ Pi
16
P @zi P ZzP: 17
ZEeNvV zZz: ZE@PA : ZE zPAi:
ZETzPz: Z Z ZE PW ZH
A : P: ZE Zzj P ZE gjXPz:
ZE R X @ @evi @ PR gN}Vd
a
18
PR` P ii gP LP Tj AHP
A zP z
TX@ ZP iR ZTP PP Pbyj
ZzP ZP@ 20
@ P: AHPPZ: i LP
QWA:
21
z_ g P Eev z ZTP Z()z
ZPev X@:
22
}L ZP zP ZP: T z}@()B:
RPLP P@:
v|@ P gPZ Zg
A_A P NZV zP RP@ PzZ
P@@ j
24
dz RP R T R@ gA R@
` 25
z gP jLi PP Q
P gP PP LP R} gP
PP jLL gP PP j @z
Zz zPP PP @ @z Tz PP @ P
zP QsPs j@@i
26
@PT AgPW QL QWW
XP AW AZC
P i ZE @ iP P @ @ P
T@i d z yPsR ZZ}z P`
28
SPPzE s XP Z kPzE jzgi
SPPzE Qz s Pi
29
AP gjgz Zs i TPi APevP
Ti: P:
PAz v Z: gP
R@ Pi RPb: gZPP:
31
ZXW izZP Ai gPXW P
Ai PZ gP: gkjW s zi aP | Z
jgz zi zi PL gi jgz PzP Za zi
g}giev jgz gW gieP zi NVT
RP ZaNPV jgz R Pi R Pi z zP
SaE
32

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

@}: B Pz: j: i_@

eqz ZP: bA PzP P: zi S bPz: zi:
E TzzP: zi P evd: zi gRi PP Ai:
Ai: Ai:
g :

1. g a} @v
(4 _@)
PY @}: Ai vv uaEP @gqrG

1. Zz z PP: @z RPT
u:
Z@L Pz@^ PT (rY N) vPz@V@, R
RPT! P_@ ? (L @vL.
Ts:
1&1. uaEP_@ PY NPv_. NL>Y Sz zPz@.
Y Sit g}ziL PT Z& zzP, T@]V, zV
& zz_@]V TV@ zPPY NPv_zP gNP!
1&2. SP g}zi @]V S_ n TV_r N@z.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Ze

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
1.zg@
ZH

>
2.|
l
Z
@}
3._@
|
E
Z@
4.bi
P

5.>
Tz
PjZ
gQ
6.zP
j
zgL
ZHEHgi
7.P@}
i
L
R_@
8.}
j
Zz
P
9.z}
zg
@
@g
10.g}
@
@
@
11.P
P

@]
12.zP

jH
Z
13.P
@|
eqg
j@X
14.>
@R PC> Rz
15.z
Rz
X@
gtgP
16.i

S
QL
17.iPzP
g ze}T NV|
18.i
g
TeB

19.Pz@}
zZH

i
20.@
P
b
Te
21.gi
z
vP
22.@vs
T
@ cz
10

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

23.v
>
Z
Z
24.P
P
P
zi
25.z@
g i
z
26.v
zz
@j
i
27.yj
x

NZV:
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
g}zPgn S @@ SY [i NzzP
zP@}i Y @}.
1&3. PT g i @v Pz@ PT P_@ ?
@rGL. SG Pz@ PTgn TLT NiN
@WaEPit uq.
1&4. SP uaEPi evzL Pz>z S>Gg
_@Y PTLz PL Pv & _@]V, N@]V TV@
SrD. zz ziY Z@i >z@ gTv PY
uvL. zzzP ziY SP Pz >z vW. SzYP SP
Pz zP Y e@ P@P@ n .
q zrG 2 z iY PT P]L NzgqrD.
SSSSSS

2. ZgPR gz P gi E@ j@ A
A R LP P: TQLTQL ()R g
g ziPb SPz i:
u: (Pz@ TWs iY @@) PT rD:
N zzLz. >vdP gi& EzzL SP
u@ SrG. t ~s ~nGP@s P. LPLz^,
LPnGz@^ L! NPP QL z@s (TQL), u@ z@s
(TQL) L SrG. zP g, gnG LL
u}P@P. SbTP PzzPitV SP uaEPL NYrG.
Ts:
2&1. PT Pz@^ P zzP PY TVrD. Zz
SPKG P| zg zVP SzV i Nzgv
Pz } R ()n. R v@APL P
@rG. S_ gv SP R PP @@ Rz.
g@AzL () s, TAiL R ( )s, @} zL ()sv
R ( )Dn. Sz e @@]. RP zzL SP
v> RiY uZ@@^@@&
SPP ZP RP P
RP zR jHRd zP:
L T P_@ rGL. P R G Pi [gN]V
zZR P i L PiY z rD.
kA>j PRj TP P:
zP: PzL jL@: PTW TP:
ZgzPP @ P: P: LP: SP
Tz bg P RR SZ @

Pz& @L P! uL |i P zzL z@

11

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

P@Vt; P_@^V P, z, g} PNY

PnTrG zV; N T@PLz; u@@ N@v
P, @, P N@qgPV gPL znDt SP
u@L T; s zzL uL ziY & L _@V TV_r
N@r@& L SPngN. t P R P zPgiL
Rz a}. Pz gQL g, R gd, Pz,
g G Z_@ a]Y P z zP_@ Y
g@rGP zP PT Ri R P. zTLVL PT
]Lz R G g bjiWY rD@ ZPZP rG
Sbz:
PR g bj Zz jLi jPz:
2&2. SbzDL R Ggv PT RH gj G
eY S nq gi NPv_r E cDL SP j@P uvrW.
Sz zi Z.
z iP]L c iP zPM
uziz }i_ uNp.....
&L zQL i rG. e NPv@iY gi PzL
a]Y R_@ i L z H fz } z
P uP gP Z @P @ z z Z
d G 24 jvPzL Pz Lgv l PRi@]V; @
T @ @ ai E G 7 PzL TPz Lgv
Z PRP; ZHPT cz ZPz i z G @d@
L zPz Lgv @}PRP N@q 36 Ze Pz@L
SP j@P@ PL PT rD. i RiY Rd @viY Sz>
@VL N@V| PL zL @}zW@ zqNL T NP QL @@
PiY& z PY g zY uV 36 Pz_@ z T@ P@ z@Y
u ziY P> PrG L rD.

zi Ci gP Pz z
T X | Ti
2&3. A P Pd{Y . j@@} zzL i zz,
N, @, P, ui L dYY SgPY zPP Y@ Sa]
GL. dv P d PiY dY Nz gi
a]L ~P gqrD. S N, zz SYP. SP]L
@Y @}s .t u@ zrY r} rDYz!
r}n Y SvL SviY G@Y @}P z@Y uV
NigP NP N@V PPY P]L rD. t z
~ Z iP rG& zQLP. ZP zi QL uP
zP PT zV YgN@^ ~ TqrGL. L>Y
i Z@ nq_@Y u@ SYPPr TqrG. Sz ~
. t i i g G xiWq TV_ SP gk
TY nv NPnGPL! _@ Sq PzQLPY
Tq @iY ~gXi nqz z. Sz S_ gq ~. SP
a]Y Lin TPL g (L) SYY gq
Tq. @Y]L@ {P SvPY S ~. n@v i NP a]
zPP ~ G.SPgn d Pi rG& dY
Nz NzPn P_@Vr TP ! (Nz=@) i RiY
QL@v 11 iiY Sn _ Tz@ @}. Sn

12

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

vt& NzY T]VP Nz gNnG Nz P> NP

TVz ! n NPz N@qrG. SbzDL ~,
~ V a]Y P SgP@ PT rD.
2&4. PT P]L LP rD. z Z LPYz?
VTYP, @gYP, PL@}@ zNDG, iPL
LP. S PT P. P| LPzY SPng }. LY PT
PL LP ? i, i, G Lq ,
@iY z@^ PY Gzr >q aLzr zPL
LP Gi aP P SPn RiY RLP()g
P z P@ g}.
2&5. TEQLL TQL@ PT SrG. Pz z s,
gqz SP]L G. Pz evL u s.
ugN s. P ZR zY z TQL@L
Yz! SP RP P TQL@L z... rG gRP.

2&6. TQL PY z@v TQLP GN@qV aY

(i ZP) SrD P. z znG S SgP P
@ u} z@Y SgPY L SP]L . t
TQL @PY G@gv S_ zL@ SgPY s
a]L TQL S_ TQL@ SrG. SGT, P]L igv
N]V s TQL , u@ zq N@q TV_z
TQL SP Sa]@s PL g@gP@ PT rD
z.
2&7. g & g rD. zt z@ N@Vz
@}g (i N) PL , P]L g
u}aY uVP g rD.
@}g@s;
ki@]V N @g@s, SgP@ N@V. PT
@zPiY z PTPY PT iz S@@]V zP@
TZ n.
Sz Svz N TV_r N@v; NPv SP
zP @L uaEPi PY@ Sv zvzP@ Pz >z
arD.
Sz NVL PT QL@s, a}s, SgP
u}i; NPv k NVi@ gk@ }digP TV@g rD.
Sz PY @v aGNzrG.
SSSSSS

13

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z
2. e a} @v
(5 _@)

3.RkP kP> Rr j@ zP()R

zP()R jR LjR Pz iR
u:
d PL kP_@V@s, k@}L Z P_@V@s, uVz
L ! ZPL u@ L! zP, zPYP nG _@VL
P_@, @_@, Sr_@ s L! T G gs, T G
gznG nG u@z@s uVz L! GgnGz, GgVz Sq
L! Sgz^, Sgz^, n @ @t L! (PA
i@)
Ts:
3&1. SP u@ TzvzPn PY @}@ uVz @i
kRP_@V! SPn i P& @ z: z>:..... LzP
PY @}L PT PL kRP_@ rD. P ZR Sz]V
TPi j@gZH: , kP PL SrG. SP kP_@
DNv gv TrPiY @ Pz k@}r u@@ TV_rG.
SP k@} l, Z L Sz@gq. (@ P>@ uV)
SP k@} n PL Pd@T zP @Bz.
P P>Y Pn }PY
nD z kP_@^v,
n PPL T ~_@Vr
Pt lk@} a@[_@}!
SP dv z@@ NzPn P_@Vr L @v.
iL iY zZ >z Lg} L: gP LP:
LV. ZHg i kP_@V Ri L z
gqrD.

Tq@ P TP zLNzNL
aG]L....................................
s Nz @iNL@P]L...........
N NL Yt nz......
zzr NzVP]L
Pzr Nz
ai g u@_@V]L...........
3&2. SP gk uni PY @} zP. PWYP P]L zP rD.
zP_@^ g}zi NPv@Yz! PWY g}z i z@. Lz
Ss NP! n PT ZzP @vP Y zPzzL zyj
( )x P@ z. SP x yji be _@ & zP _@
NPv@ yj_@V@ uVP@ P P_@ TVrVL. Pz SiY
uN[@ zq qrGL.
+ S+ + =x
=x. (iY qTtV S+ - = D. + = x D.
SiY x+ = x DL.) SiY NPv@ _@V zP P. bz L
@Bz.

14

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

>pV zP@s,
S Sz jHzP@s,
L ZzP@s,
AWPT PzzP@s&
NPv_zPY SP zz
G x yj zP Z. SPWYP PT P]L ZzPL zP
gqrD. PT zPL @i zY@V zP_@P P
@i @v. P zY@Y ZgP@ R_@^ NP@
W_@ G N PzP@V@ uVL L T P_@^,
PL rGL. P ZR Sz]V zPz PL
SrG. t SbzYP nG P_@, _@, @_@, }_@,
nG PPP PY@ s PTP PY zP L rD.
3&3. T DY z N. ZL PzP B
s Y@V T Lgq. SbzDL T g}_@ NP 14 . Pz
zP_@=4, P _@_@=6, pZ, a, } Sz=4 @ 14. Sbz
uVz^ PT! PT Rd rG ZgPi Sz]V T: ZP :
PzPT P: rG. P ZR Sz]V T
TssTz
G TrG.
3&4. T G Nz N N@^PY S_ Y].
NL>Y S T GP nq. @@v NY@ sP T.
Sz QL vs ZR@@V@ SP Ss PTP LN@^PY g
NP! @ @_@^ T G Ggq. t @ z@
P P ZR eL NZV @iY i G s N
T @ Sgz rD. S ZgPi rG:
Z T P RP ZP>
ZZ R Zz Zzz|
&SP N:
R P RP Z T
R ZZ PL RP Z T
n

ssTZP Z
Zss P: gTi Si ZZ ai
T PT|P T
g} uV.
3&5. e NPv@ yjL gi j . j DY G@Pz.
g SY Sg GgiY]. PT g SgzVnG
! (i) TL QL z@^ bNz GTt NPvrG.
Ss iPL! Lz T j L.
3&6. qP j
j. Pz PT P]L GgVz rD. Pgji,
z, P_@ L N@ PgP }_@Y
@}. SPWY PT P]L GPY @ N@^rD. t urY GP
z@ ]L zPL.
3&7. PT P Z@@ b@P TV@ Wi@t,
n _ TgP rD.
NPv qP iY Pz@ zz@ P SgP TVrD.
SSSSSS
15

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

4. R zZH R i P TzPz:
RdzsNV R d> RTWsNV
u:
@P(11) @Vq, ev(8) zZH@ Vq ZkrG.n
zP(12) i@Vq TzPz@Vq ZkrG. d, z} G
Sz n S > T> Pz@ ]Lz P
N@rG.
Ts:
PT j@ @}@ SgPY P S@ @}L Pz@ zTY
z@ z P uszP TzrD.
4&1. @P@: P DY (P zi) zP]L vNz
LgN. bzDL zP]L DY ZZY z r zzPY
P]L vNz. z@^ SP zP]L PT SYY rTqzPY z
@ zTY SrD. , A, rA, j@P, >, Wr,
fP, zWXz, @, PB, @& GV @P@ zTY PT
SrD. P ZR PT P V.
4&2. evzZH@: zZH DY NYz. Lz evd @v PT
DrG. t z, P, Z, zZ, >, V, gwE, gZ
&G evzZH@ zz@ PT SgP@s N^q. SP zZH@
N@ PTP_@Y @}gqz. TeB}, @zP rz@Y n
PY@ uq LNPrG.
4&3. zP i@: N N ZiY uiP
iP@^ Z@ G & L P rG. S_ NVL PT g@
zzL Z Pj PY P|, }, d, , z}, Z,
@, Tzz, E, ZT, zev, TeB G zP i@^ zV Dr
TqrG. P ZR PT u ZR P
V.
4&4. TzPz@
TzPz@: Sz@P u@ @gV@. @@. Sz@ zz_@V
PTP.
4&5. d
d: SP N i@Y D@ Ggv. S_ P>@ PY
GY @. NL>Y zz ]L N_r W@ Sg
z. @z SbzDL z@ z SgPY P]L d L
rD. P]L PzDL z{Y NYY Pq @gz dLYz! (i
P&vr @gnrD).
4&6. Pz, >, T> Pz@ Sz@]V PT P
N@rD. Ze@ SP PzP @}g zWY e iY
}ZPY nq S uniY S_@ PzP zTY ig
NPzrG.
1. iPzP@
2. z
3.z}
4.zev (Z)

@
PY

@
16

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

5.T> Pz@

6.>
z
7.S
@
8.TeB
@Y
9.gji
_@
10.d (Z)

11.
L
12.T
g}
Si z@^v uv PT zz DrG. SP]L
zWaE uiNrG.
qP xPz SP Y NPvrG.
SSSSSS

5. R Z zev E} @ PPR TeB

g}P gji PPd
u:
]L, zevz, Ez, TPL xz_@]V P
N@rG. n Nr Pv TeBz, gz,
gji P N@ rG.
Ts:
5&1. & Lin PP Pz ZPEP N@q L
r}_@]V N{z. S PT }TE!
5&2. zev
zev& N@]V uv NPzn. P. Lz PT SP
gkP PPq ng vgiY Zi uvz.
5&3. E
E& S Pz> NL it |itV N.
|i z PTPL!
5&4. @
@& @ Pz SP it xz Lgqd
z@@ uV. Pz GP PL, P, i, , QL, z L
Ggq. SP]L zV. n@vz@]Vg z TeB, g, gji
Sz@]V PT P N@rD.
nGgv 4 n 5 z _@Y PT PL _@]V
TzirD L @v. SY R
Rit PT iz
PPL @@^ uVL. iY &
idL PP Iz:
PP ZPzNV Ti TeB W:
@}@P i@: i@} PzP:
PW: ZH: @: rEP:
: Zz P: iP:
&Pz iL Pi@V@ TV_ zz . n ZPz,
cz, g, TeB, , @}, @P, i@@, i@, @}PzP@,
Z@, Pz@, @@, @, rE@ L Sz@ ]Lz L
_@ P@ PT Y .
NPv qP @Bz.
17

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

6. RPPd T} RTeP ZHgb jWZHzP

Re| Z_@ zZHWR ZHz PP
u:&
Y Pbivz, RTZ R NrGz, i
NrGzL jL PLPz (Y QLPz) N@qrG.
evzZH@^v Zk L P SrG. Z@
S N@q SP gki PzL z]L uqBrG.
Ts:&
@ NgrG jL PL z zvgqzP.
P]LPT GzG N@qrD. t zPi Sgi QL@v LPY
a]t N @} zB. v> RiY gk bi@]V
S @Y N RiY SiY aG QLP PT YrD P
S_ PzP. NL>Y Y Pbiv jL GPY
P@gv l LYP SP PzAPL vNG zBN
irG. ZP]L PzL ZPL_@]VP S_ PT TVrD
NPzrG.
PY P L & S bz iL? Pi, aZ_@, j G zW
@_@VY L.
R.. S_ RP iWY j u}@ N@V.
t P@gv LiYP @ } uv. SPL RPz@
N z.
j LZ @ & P@. Ss zWPPY irG.
i & GPY ZP@ v zTi S_ gvgv.
6.2 @ PzL zPL P>. zi Z S_P.
t z P z G u}s nvP S_P. LzP Z@
SrG rD PT.
NPv P uni qP 7z iY TzrD.
SSSSSS

7.

>gzP: Z z zP Z P PgWi

u:&
Zi qTtV jiY v uni PL zNWz
NP N@^rDW z PTv PLP vrD (i zz).
Ts:-&
7.1
Zi qTY & jiY PY & PzP@ SPn u
@vWY, PT uniPL z@^v P@. Sz
zP_@Y P:Z LgqrG.
SzP zP
PN@rG ibi. R G SviY nq } i@ i
18

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

N. P Zz PEH i } ZiP: jL i
ZiP ZgPi rG.
7.2
S_ PT j GPY j PL kRP_@t z
P@ Sg NPrG.
7.3
PT SgvP (PT P) vrD DY i zzP
vrD P N. NL>Y @}gq Sv i
ZP. SPn i RiY z @T iY zTY g}
uV.(84&85)
@T: P@B Sv ? n g @}gqrG?
iY: i
i P]L@B Sv. @gq z@Y S, G
u}znG @@nGL ]Lgv nY P]L @}gNG.

PgNPV r @zZgP
ug r z zPP PL
X PLgNPV z@P
ug j>L Bz
gZ

ZgP

> DY S_ PL Pz u@i uni@} n

7.4
[Pn @} G a]Y N @BrD.
PT Sz P zT }P Pz u zz
ae@VPq; @YPL zz Z@VPq TVr W.
i Ti lqzV PTLPY PT g@A gv
ZP@@^ SP uavP d@ ]} NzNPD. z^v PL
vzP inG. LzP z igP vz SP uaE
} N@q TqrG D.
Sz & PT z@ evzL Pz >z Sv SP
@vP aGs NrD.
SSSSSS

3. P @v
(4 _@)
Pz@ N i S> GgqrG.

8.
PPz gz Pb R Pb z ZPP :
:g aP: g}P: P

u :-&
P Pz@ NW@ :& PT Nq @. _@VL zz
N@vz^, GP v TV_rGz^ g @. @}
19

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

(gri) zzLz^, i zz gz^ @.

SbzNGY GgnG u]L uiv v @ NrG.
Ts :&
Pz@ @v TWs Tv@ PT P Ti@ Gg W. P]L
NP N@v Pz@ P_@ PP SiY NrD@. SP i Rd
zz@ uV.
8&1.

PT
PT: Pz@ P]T. P ZR Sz]V Pz rG.

RPT: R @Vt, LiWt u}P Vs

8&2.
i@L a]. S_ PT zz, N [z t
u}Y SgPY z]V RPT Lgv.
z
8&3.
z: N S i zTL. _@VL zTL.
z]L Tq zq @}s, @Ps Pz. z rD P z
P Ee PziY.
gi
8&4.
gi: nNGPn @}@ S PLN@L @}dYY
Sgz. Pz @}L Ls G. NL>Y bP, gi,
R_@(P) G e PY Pz_@^ @} SP Pt;
S, , QL, v>, , @ G S]}P uz SgPt
Sz gi Lgv. @zP&
dz: @ Wi z
R_@SX W gievP (7&4)
&G TVrG.

8&5.
: _@V. }, NY, NY, PnG, cqq SznY
aGV& TV _@V . Sz . g P _@V
T: G gL i _@V zsPL!
SP iL TZY Ngv @v }i
iLPT RdiY (5&9) @}gqzP. t z NP PT
@zPiY PTP G it (44) Pz@ i@ zrG. t
Rit 42 it Sz @} gqrG. } zPP
P@ . LzP Pz aGP i TZ @z
uaEPi g qPqV P u}. t iL
NPvrG.
SSSSSS

9. P>z PZ zX z @EH jHev @

P A}R g ZHP A P:
u:
(zgL) Ng aGPz^, PzPY z N@gz^, PL
PjZY g@ N@gz^, @@Y Pg vz^L
(GT@v] PqT) @ PT }vrG.a@ z^ L
QLP Nq.
Ts:
9&1.

SP i R@ zz@ uV.

20

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

>z: >Y Pg N]Vgvt z zg aGvL .

Y PT P>v gqi N@^ gkP P aG@
rN@q TqrD P S_ Pz.t g@L QL, g@L
> PL!
9&2.
PZY z zrD. PWY nq QL QLg @
{rG Y rG. P Pn N LNzDY LZ:
Sk @ P: & LPq P @ @gv
P PZ. QL_@]Vg NrTq P.
9&3.
@_@ @V PTP. bTPL @ NPit
PT S_@ Pz.
9&4.
@ DY ZHWL @Wt N_@Pz G N^
uq.t @ DY SvL, L, P] G ev j@
zL @{ G V. S_ z@^ ZZ N @{.
QL& P GP [g}P Y u}Y SgPY
z . @Pi@V P] G ev j@. PWY SP ZZ G
z@ G @P Pv Nz PT L i@gqrD.
SP i zPitV @ ZPNLs, PT @zPiY
PTP @iY 45 z i@s uV gvP@.
t SP i NPvrG.
SSSSSS

10.
P zjLP PzP Tz: Az zPi Z
Ej RWP z@ ZHeqP
u:
Pz@ PPT ZPL z@ uq W@V P z@ Z@
zz_@VL SP _@^ Sbz rGL:& NP>Y& PPT zr
zz@ SrDV P PT _@]V S>L, SevVL
Li L @P z @P zzPv (@GgzV@
r) N@qgzV@ vq. (zTi@^ _@]V) ZT@q.
Ts:
SP i RZzi zz@ uV. SP i [z ZzP
@vL zTi ZP@ rv@ zBN i@gqrG. t SP
L zX ZziRaEPi t uV. iY& Pz@ PY
>P@ cD@ z@| z@ uP virGL.
@Pzg T NPY GT zz_ SP zPzP
_@]V@@q. _@^ LPP P zP zzL P
i _@ uPL P]LY r _@ rY zq &L rG
NPzL NV@ rG.
10&1. PT zr zzYz! zV Pz@ z@
uqW. P G@ i@ s z ig qrGL.
(PiY uV z tV P_@ itV ri
PiWYP z@| z@@ gqrG.)

21

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

10&2. SP iY z: z@| NLPY nG z

a]@]V n S_ rD. Lz SP gP zr e n S_
TrD. gP @PY @@gq . @ z
a]@]V @v zrG. P a]@^ , i, , z@| Lg N
z. z z P> L @}PzE SP]L TzrG. PT
@zPiY P r@]V dviY P, , @], z@| TP@
Tz@^v ziY gPP@ TV_rz z P[TP , i,
, z@| R@ gN@^rD@ & zrG.

: S s zz. uzY Q>@ @ gqz.

N i zz. SP>Y N, i, } G zq@ nG.
PzL SP zv |iY& PiY& P@P@
iY& v> G Nq s TE@Y i bi@^ TV_@P
a]Y i zTY uV.
i
i: NYgv z @a] zzPY g}iY Y
[ggq an qP a] i N. S & P& yj G
NzzP]z [ z. gzL s, P TV@ Nn
S]} yjrG. yjL PL ]V i nqTvP L P]L
iN@q r N@zPY i Lg N NrG.
(i Zz z> @W Z X& P i Si
uX S uXP P )
SP i z n aEv @}ziY GgqrG.
i: @vZ: Pz v uV ZiY Y
P@ P]L z}j_@^ Sg Y i z
z@grG.
10&2.
: yjL @] zTY uV i PP
zz Tz@ Nzgqi N@q RP G PPLP v,
G NvrG. Pz S NzzP a] L. WY
P @i @PL u [@, @@i bkjL_@ G
uz a] G.
(i z @z uX z@| z : vP arzz z
P )
SP z n aEv @}ziY GgqrG. :
@: Pz Y S >P]L NzY S
z Yr uV Sgz >P G VTY NP z SW L
P Y Sg i z L z@g rG. SP
T@ uP} i zz S NPz@ TV_r N@^
zPn@@ p@ zn a@ n TV@:
@Yr [i N> NYz zY P@ G SVz
YrY N zvdq NYz. P YrY
NYz. WY @ T@ uV Sg L gvz@.
Sz @ P.
10&3. z@| : S @ @L . zT uPY
SPi }, , n@, uPq Sz@Y i , @ PL z}_@V@
Nzgq; SPY u}gq @@Y rG. SPi
NPv{ z{ N@qz zs T@ LgN. (g}L
22

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

T@L gP z@|L: ) SP z@| z n aEv @}ziY

GgqrG. : A@ZQ: Pz S @q
S NV, Y >PW SL& SW L P]L ui
rD z@| rD.
z@| & z
z= a, @
@= @i zP, i
i= vrG& L NZV
ZH@P rG. SP a]@ n v Pd PY S@}Y
NPY@g [i}@}gi 102 ~iiY vY Y TV@@
rvrG.
Y [ NzgvrV NY [P zY GgNq
Tqz{ unz, @NPq z Y P VTn@vY P}
GP iz Oz [ Gi N NPz Vs
OzrL.
S v PdvY SgPY g TPiY g.
Pi>, ui@i> [rG. bz
[g @n uPL. SP L , i, i, z@|
Yz@gq. PY r@ u}s@ W. z@| q
NT@^ WrG [P@ Nzgq. Sg z bz
uPP, PP, zP, g (qPY, qPY, PY, T@Y)
a]@Y . SP Tz_@ s zP_@Y uVL.
Sbz z: LgqrG PT Ze@ uV. Rd
evP Sz]V z: @rG. zX ZP z:
Zh .... rG. PT @zP & PTP it
SP]L@}. Lz Pz@^ z@^ i@ S@gvz
PT! SP @}@P PT NnG z> zPzP@ P
ZR_@]V NPP@. @L NP@. zTi@V ZT@q&
G ZP@ Z@TPL @& T_@PW@ rD P S_ Pz.
SP a] T uZ]LY uV PT zz} jY z z}L
Zz@R iY uV. _ ZP@ P iY SP a] Z
Y vrD.
SSSSSS

11.@| gP ze} @P P Zziii P

P : zW z
u:
(QLPg
)
@V|
zz@s;
gTWY
i@gqzV@s; TeBT zTLVL ze}T; @Pv
P@s, ZziPT@s, P> N@s, ii PzPs,
PLzV, _@VP NrGzV uVz]V @rD.
Ts:
11&1. @|
@|:
gV nqzPn P SsP @| Lgq.
P}i zs. > i@ gqz.EvP_@Y RP G
SP PY uV >Nq SP@Y @ () PY v () z L @_@
zzL i v_@ P]T@ S@gvz G P ZR
Sz]V @i iNV@bP G zrG. t Sz QLPg
z.
23

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

11&2. ze}T : i _ @G aGP a z@Y

TeBT i Lz^ ze}T N. (TeB i)
11&3. @PP
@PP: g@ziv T i R G @P. SP
T i uz W zPY PT bzPL! PWY
@P P Lgv.TiL Az} R]L zVPPY Sz zV
L Pz. @vi Z_ |i@ Az} Pn 5& 4& 2& 5 G
z. SP qNP@ 1 6 G PT R Z_ TrG.
PWYP Az} PTrG. t @zP@ ZHg
j_@iY R]L i rD@. Z_P z@@Lz, T
uZ@L R@ Y\ P @zP P vNY j@}
RjL & L V. ZgPi SP @PP z z@TY zV@
rG. SP @PPT VYP R@T @PZ z, @lP G
P @NnG @b_@]V [iP@ z. ZpiY zvSi i P@NY
PT Z> P P@ [iP.
11&4. Zzi : SP i l]VP g>. ZZ: DY
zdYY i@ q NPP v. SPg QL]V P@
Nz PT. Zzi GPY 18 TPT PL_@]V gvP@s
NY.
(zP_@=
4
uzP_@=
4
zP_@_@=
6
zPu_@_@=
4
@ 18.)
SP iY g, TeB, z G Pz@ zTY uV PT
z}_rD.
11&5. PP : gji@Y zL P srt P NYz
d@z@ TV_@z; z]L g]V@ vPY GPNPL @i;
SbNz} cvG PT Pz NP. PT P i z @V@
G NP. zV Zi , P N NrD. Pzin
zgq PT zg Nv zPg G @]} S @qrG.
SP PT@zPitVP! t SP P PT
NP S R@, Rd, RZzi G PT @@
uV L NPzrG. Sbz i@ N Pz@ PT irD@.
S> SP uaEP PT @| P g@gqPg rG.
@Bz.
SSSSSS

4.RT uP @v.
(13& _@)
12. Rd TR Zzi X PW PT: gP
PY PT @| PnGrG.

24

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

u:
Rd Ls u]L N@^rD. Y i@ zzLz
Ls L NrD. Lz _@]V PTLz (Y @_@ Nq)
g]} N (lqPY) zq@.
Ts:
12&1. SP PT @| Lgq. @ () DY zP, .
PT zP@ SgPY z @| LgqrD. @ DY P]L @L
Nz]L @gnzP. @P P @i P (
) P rG.
Tj rG g} uP@gqz g @|. P]L ]Lz
z. P g @ uZ]LY z g Pj vrD. H
a]Y gT ggi Rz@ ZzY SP PT@ uPrG.
t & jH& Z G zP_@ L g @|
uP; Pz} zP L@@ SP PT @| uP NN@z
ZgP D.
12&2. Rd
Rd: ii z Rd G . NL>Y
ZziL i @z S@gv SP dP @z
P@ P @L@P iY nrD. SzV s iLPY Sz]VP
zB rG SP uaEP.
12&3. Zzi : Z@TPL i@ zz@ uVz PT. i@
qz@& , , r, @, cz, zz, g@, ggi
L. Sz Zzi@ L AP i@ .

Zzi: @ g j
ZTP yj Zi>
P ZRiY Pz, PP Ls GgqV. SP @|
PT@zP, PTP Sz@t qPVgqV.
ZP@ QL TE_@Y q gzi G@zB G gP]Lv
SP ZPL NgqrG.
SSSSSS

13.
iijaev PP Pz P Pz zjP
PPz:
u:
S_ Pr (uWY) iiPT uvW. (PWY z)
uv N. zvd P N@q@ z@^, PL
NPz@^L Pz@ PW@. Lz Pz@Vr _@ u N
]VNV a]L _@]V QLi TqT@zB.
Ts:
13&1. RT PnG q Ggvg rG. P& Pz@
N zqPY zzL i.
ivd uvL Pz@^ d PL (PL NPPY)
a] nvP a]Ls QL T@ S_ zvgqrG. P a]L
25

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

dP a] S_ a]LsqPgv @} LNz iPWY & zP

q Gg R TzL SbzDL a] VzY P
u}z@z L NPrD. zPL bi@VL R@, Q>@ z SP
T P uirD@.
NPv RT PnGP @Bz.
SSSSSS

14.@>: @ z R RZ Pz gd:
LR Z@ E TzPi T
u:
@ @, @, c@, @, |@; R @, Z @, @ @, R @,
@, |_@; Z @, @ @, @_@, |_@Pq ()
NPL, u@PnG P GL SP iTL g}z
zz@ uV.
Ts:
14&1. PnG:
RTL @i kP T PnG@ SP uV.
S j@P@ TE@ f@ PP LPY iRL NP
GgqrG. LzP Nz@ P Z_@P N{Y (E)
S_ uV. RL T LPY PiYPz@^ (i@@^)
ZH@ v L@i S_ Z_@P@ rG. SP Z_@P
N{Y i nN zgYP u uZ@@ @i
SPn N@VY Sv_@Y, Y@Y VP
S_ n Tz@ i N PL NgqrG. (Nz@^
1936 Y @zi Y T e Ng qV.)
t @ z@ P zz R G PiY SP nL
TV@sY &
@>: @z Z_@P: AgP:
bzRi g@v T zPE s
&zPE SP T @> G gL gP_@YP W.
TV@@ GTY]. & V.
WY S P]LG P]LTPiY g NY TV@gv it
S g RL T (gPT) P. SP RL N]V
zz@^ P z @P zNPD.
PPPAs gPs P . S_V N Y@
Z@ NPPzY B [iV. D > ii
NgqP zB.
14&2. PT:
PY kP T (15)P P @BrD.
@:
@
1
>:

2
@
c

4
z:=S:

26

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1
R
R Z
Pz=z
g
SP:
(L: = )
R
Z @

P QL Z
|
R,Z
@
R

5
6,7
8
9
10

11
Z,@, 12,13,14
|

15

S @ z P@ uv @i LgqrG P T Ggq. SPT

R z P@ uv Ri LgqrG T Ggq T;
t Z z P@ uv Zi LgqrG T uq. SP Z z P@
uv Zi LgqrG T egz@ SW@Y
ziY @viY] BT P rD.
SP NzP RT nL Tz_@& Pj, NZVPR,
iL P, r> P G Yz Y@Y @g
gqrGL. zZ NV i L PiY& SP uPP
Z_@P N{ irD.

g > ZHz ZHY@

PPP
Pv WjRZ zZHP
PP:
ZCi i: g@P }_@zP:
z]}:
zP@L TiP T Pz
SP N:& P! uv RTP Z zWY Nzvgv.
P@ Ni TPL &
g
&
@
>
&

&
c
ZHz &

ZHY@&
R
S
&
Z
W
&
@
RZ
&
R
zZHP
&

&
|
Z
&
Z

&
@
Ci
&

i
&
|
Sbz uV& g SP]L Z_@P@z gqrGL.
S v_@V@ uV.
zz v & Z@ TgP &

5
27

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

@j v & NZVP gP &

6
i v & @ Z gP &
4
SP RT gi _@^ z TV@P Dr. David
Frwley z P P @ G Y @qrD.
I.

Ka
E
Ie
La

is desire or the creation.

is Maya or the Power of illusion.
is Vishnu or the divine ruling power.
is the power of bliss.

II.

Ha
Sa
Ka
Ha
La

is the space or breath.

is time.
again is creation.
is breath or spirit renewed in energy.
again is bliss.

III.

Sa
Ka
La

is the time as eternity or totality.

is origin and also the unknown.
again is bliss.

Hrim repeated three times about a triple transformation of our nature.

The Special Bheejam Srim added at the end is the crowning glory and realization.
14.3
zP grG:
S bz zP_@t @gg (i g@P) L @Bz.
1. S :.............. zPiY
2. z c Tgi P:.........jHzPiY
3. c @ Z zP Z c j P:
...ZzPiY
4. @ >:.........Pz} zPiY
SggvPL T P RE PL P@ rDW
z Zz gk_@ @Y, @PY, {PY@V N cz YL
ZiPg Nz ui.
z Z ZgPiY zP Zz z @]}Y r@ X
Pg Nn L uZ@ Pi> z[z vrDW
zWP SP T @zL ZP . zL
@v@bi zz ai@ & zz & i. Sz PP PP.
2000 q@^ & Pd@ P T@ SP RTPL
(@i) kP TV_r i ii rG.
Si N{@^ gnv PLL T S uirG.
@ @i @ N
R @i P t
Z @i P P Nz
@@i T @d i!
SP i N@q@zY g T S P z
iqrG.
32 zzL 4 P_@Vq } @ & kP @ i
zzN R@ P_@ @rGL. SP 32 zz 4 P } @

28

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

zz@z SP uavP 32 _@V@ igP P@ g}@

u}. ZzLP azi LP ggi zz ia Nv S
eiY uP@gq zrG.
14&4. P.
SP 15 (_@) _@ zz, P]L bz ug, @
a}, gP_@ Ggv, j N T@P@ Tz PL n
Tz@ @ Sn zz RiY @}. R T
PT Ng vzB DY&
QL ThL gP u} i
> z> ThL gCgP RTzi
&QLdYY NYzPL ]}P >Y uP TG@g vt g
z@P YP PY Sbz NrD. t PT}iY
g} @&
LP TQP a@Pz P
LWTz e@P P zi @R
i g} :
s PQ SZ@ P
@i QL TlPg
P NPPz Z@ TPL _@V_@]V v QLPY @@gv
z_@]V uvzW z@ PT vrD. S> SP iv N]V
@Bz.
R! gLL (zvPPL) R ! P @}L
vL zPgi zP @; i& i& gL
ievL g vP uq& Pz @v@ bi
(vvP a]) T; P P bi rN@q
ZRjz a]& Pz iLPP vTg@!
(i i g k@
g j@ PPz
(gPP g@@& zPi L } gj@& ibLR
& zg@ ZTP >ev az} @i ggi& ij
gj@ }ZPi|& ZzPz Zz@ iev|& Tzi ii
ZRi
jL@
ZzzP&
aiLP
zg@@,
aiLP@ PR@P z zg@ X : )
14&5&1. ev & ( PL aZ)
SP RT ev@ >Nq . Pz , ,
, , P, @i, >, Z, S, @P, z,
zZ G 12 N@. Sz@V SP T @q u Nzvz@.
PWYP ev@ LgqrD@. >P@VY PP, NP
N@VPP& NPN@q; @@ PP @rG, NPP
NrG XL iVz@ SP @. @iY TV N
z L_@VL gP_@]V _@V@g P XPL ivz@.
Sz@^v l, Z uz_@ GPtv @} |v ZP@>
zqPY@^ z@ z{zg@. SP _@]V j SbzDL
P uY z@]V a]L z@]V z}_r @WY NPq
aZ Nz G.
14&5&2. P.
29

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

bNz bNz iTY (Vibration)

uzLP. S ev@^@ P . SP czP
u}zz& P Nzz @VL z, S_@ NPq aZ
Nz G.
14&5&3. yj, i, @, T>@.
yj
yj& _@ iPL, Zi ]LP P
vrzV TP G. SiL [ zz yj. SP yjP
zjit, zGit aZ Nz G.
i
i& n@v TPY v_rV ]V i Pz . i
Sv jit, SvGit aZ Nz G.
@
@&
i Y L zv NYY P]L @qg
qzPn vgq Pg. z G. @P NPgt,
qTt aZ Nz G. n@v aZ Sv_@ zz@
ZgPP LP.
T>@
T>@& SP j P Nq NrD gq
PRiY T@ Nz G.
14&5&4.
@Z& _@Z.
14&5&4.@Z&
j NT S@@tV TY@^, uV_@@^, G_@@^
l NGs; z@Y NPzP nqPs _@ Ev_@
yj_@WY aZ Nz G. @@]Vg Ev_@ yj_@WY&
PR s PzP @ z; SP, P], @, P@, @@
@TY@WY aZ Nz PY PV Nz G.
Sbz aZ NzPn Pz RP @Bz. NP>Y&
SP u^}T Sgv. P] T (QL) Sgv. @
v>i N[ i Sv. @z Psvt @g@
Sg. @@ QL@@. PV }]@]V Tqz
P.
14&5&5.
iP.
14&5&5.iP.
j N @ PzP i Tv@i@ nV 8
i@t 8 Nqg qz G.
14&5&6.
L@.
14&5&6.L@.
i iPzP @i zz_@ ^v ,P E}_@^v Z}
Z@@ a]L& P PzP SPi iY uVP@ T& LWY P
PzP L @P @@ PY G.
14&5&7. kj.
>P PzP i LY >@gv uv bz LY P
PzP u NzB! Lz S L@ j. SP u_@
LWY @n@gq NzY P vV@ @@WY @q @
kj. SP k&u_@ @P, e, l, X, z G
GY kP@L. PWY k P_@]V gq [@WY Z
Nz G.

30

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

,e;j jiyg;Ggw;wp nrd;id =uNk\; ek;g+j;up mtu;fs; vOjpAs;s Mq;fpy

fl; L iu.
The seven characteristics of Mantra are Rshi, chandas, devata, bija, sakthi, kiilaka, and nyasa. A discussion of
their philosophical aspect is given here:
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

Rshi: This refers to the sage who has had a vision of the mantra from the subtle space element. On
constant penance the divine chose him to reveal this sound combination of a particular divine energy.
He saw the mantra and revealed it to this world. R denotes the emergence of the sound-bijas from
the space into his consciousness and shi denotes the revealing and sustenance of this combination.
Thus this will denote the birth and maintenance of the mantra. R is referred as the amrta bija in
matra akshara ( the four vowels from R,Rr,L,Ll have no change like other vowels , a+i= e like so on,
hence amrta or eternal bija) hence refers to the Brahman which is eternal, sha denotes akasha tatva
and hence its subtle element sound and i denotes the ichha (desire) sakthi . On a whole this refers to
emergence of sound from the Brahman due to desire of the sakthi through the medium called Rshi.
Chandas: This refers to a particular rhythm of the above sound combinations. There are seven primary sound rhythms in the Vedic mantras. They are gayatri, ushnik, anushtup, brhati, pankthi,
trishtup and jagati (the seven horses in the chariot of sun). Cha denotes the Universal consciousness
and da denotes aspiration or desire to merge in it. Thus this denotes a fervent aspiration to merge in
the universal consciousness.
Devata: This refers to the particular divine energy form emerged for blessing the sadhaka. Div is the
root word which means to illuminate. Hence this indicates the divine energy which illuminates the
universe in a particular form. Upanishad also says tasya bhasa sarvam idam vibhaati- the effulgence
of the Brahman illuminates this entire world.
Bija: This refers to the seed sound letter inherent in this unique sound combination causing all
benefits on repeating the mantra. As a big tree dwells inside a seed, the divine energy dwelling in this
specific sound letter for this sound combination is the subtle cause for the emergence of the mantra, the
divine form, and the five subtle elements to build this universe.
Sakthi: This refers to power of the bija (above). Virility, Power, strength are its characteristics. The
entire play of this universe and its movement are inherent in this sound letter.
Kiilaka: This refers to the sound letter which synchronise mantra and sadhaka. As a pin or shaft on
with which a pair of wheels revolves and also link it to the main body of the vehicle (the axle), the
divine energy in this sound letter synchronizes the mantra and the sadhaka.
Nyasa: This means to keep. Hence this refers to keeping of the divine energy in certain parts of the
hand and body. The mantra is usually divided into six parts or the bija (seed letter) is combined with
the six long vowels (Aa, Ia, Uu, Ai, Au and Ah) and placed on (1)the five fingers and the palm and (2)
six limbs ending with certain specific mantras. The six limbs are Hrdaya (heart), Siras (head), Sikha
(tuft of hair on the head), Kavaca (on both arms like wearing armour), Netra (eyes-knowledge organ)
and Astra (by clapping the hands as if sending a missile for protection). The respective ending mantras are namah, svaahaa, vashat, hum, vaushat and phat. They are employed in magical purposes for
worldly gain such as santi (peace), vasya (causing attraction), stambhana (causing immobility),
vidveshana (causing enmity between people), uchchaadana (causing people to flee) and marana
(causing death). A philosophical interpretation of these are:
a.

Hrdaya-namah: Heart denotes the all pervading Brahman; namah is obeisance to it or rather
directing our mind to it. Na also means negation, ma represents individual consciousness
(Jiva bhava). So negation of the individual ego and emergence of the cosmic consciousness is
denoted here.
b. Siras-svaahaa: Head denotes the highest principle called Brahman and svaahaa is dissolution of the universe and individual ego in it.
c. Sikha-vashat: The tuft protects the head which is the highest principle called Brahman by
cultivation of radiance through deep contemplation of it, vashat denotes the physical activity
connected with this action. Constant awareness that the body and universe are an expression
of the divine radiance in denoted by this.
d. Kavaca-Hum: Kava means to catch and Hum means the divine radiance. This refers to
development of the inherent bliss radiating throughout the body.
e. Netra-vaushat: Netra is the organ of sight and implies organs of knowledge. Vasushat is
seeking the divine knowledge. The constant awareness that all that are experienced by the
knowledge organs are an expression of divine is denoted here.
f. Astra-phat: Asu means to throw, tra denotes agitation and phat is the fire of knowledge.

31

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

The rejection of all worldly sorrows by recognizing the all pervasive bliss is denoted here.
Thus it is clear that all the sadanga mantras are having a repetitive and enforced idea that this
universe is an expression of the divine and we are identical to it. This is verily the goal of all
sadhana.
Count of the japa: Usually a rosary of rudraksha, spatika, putra sajeevani beads are used to count
the number of japa done. Our elders have shown a rosary of the letters (matrka akshara) for
counting the number. The process is described : Start with am-mulamantra-Aam mulamantraIm mulamantra-Iim mulamantra-um mulamantra-Uum mulamantra-. So on and so forth up
to. sham mulamantra-sam mulamantra-ham mulamantra-Lam mulamantra- ksham mulamantra Lam- mulamantra ham mulamantra sam -mulamantra sham ..up to .
mulamantra Uum-mulamantra um-mulamantra Iim-mulamantra im-mulamantra Aam
mulamantra am. The matrka akshara can be placed in the six adhara cakras such as sixteen in the
throat (vishuddi), twelve in the heart (anahata), ten in the navel (manipuraka), six in the root of
genital organ ( svadistana), four in the muladara and two in the centre of eyebrow (agjna). The
ksham can be meditated in the sahasrara as the guru paduka and the rest japa as above can be
done. This process will result in a count of one hundred. This can be repeated for the further
hundreds as desired. A further eight count is to be done in the end; since usually one hundred
and eight or three hundred and eight or one thousand and eight is to be done as per said procedure. For this count the eight divisions of matrka akshara of the vag devatas can be used as am
Aam im Iim..am ah mulamantra- kam kham.. gnam mulamantra- cam cham.. gjam mulamantra like wise up to ..Yam ram lam vam mulamantra- sam sham sam ham Lam ksam mulamantra.
These can be meditated in the six cakras as said before and the last two as the red and white feet
(rakta and sukla paduka) of the guru and meditate on the identity of the mantra, guru and the self.

z jG NP N@^@P PzP z@^

uq P NP N@v. t SP jG NPPz@^ S
PzYP. NPPz@^@@ B [rD. Wt SP]L z NP
N@VzB Pn } z rvPP @ B @rD.
z Zz P AgP@z
@z P: gr
PzP
Z : g`P:
14&5&8.
i.
14&5&8.i.
SP RT ZPL @ n Ze@ @Bz. SP
uZ]LY uZ@ TB B zrGL. P, P, @ G
(z@) vs@^; G z@i i uvrG. Z@
T _@z nqrG. uZ@> aPEL i bsrt srG.
r@& Gg, SGg zzL ZZ Z@iY rPT z&
P P ZZP PnG& @v@ bizz QL@ NPg
ZRjii G N a] VzYPL T S. iiL SP
RT j N ZP@ Z@TPL yev i@^ nq, PT
@]}WY ZPT vz uiL zZ R XL@ rD.
SPn N, XL i, Zi@ zq G ui a Pz.
SP Y GY@^ zrGL. SPTPL NnG T
uP G X . P X ^ Zs PT
PY] Z@ ZP. (X n T n
SY [i NzzP g@ Y Tz@ @}.)
SP P]gY Ggv d@s @L, iRL TE_@ Tig
X NnGz@, P PPP Pz@^@ iY TV_ PP.
iY X NDPz@^ Pz XCP TV_@
R@ P s. Lz QL
QLv
X z
WrG. uaEP SP i SiY SP T g}z zzL
32

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

P uiNz L rD.
,e;j ke;j;uk; gw;wp nrd;id =uNk\; mtu;fs; vOjpAs;s xU Mq;fpy
fl; L iu.
The Sri Vidya pancadasakshari mantra has fifteen syllables which are said in a coded manner in the
tripuropanishaT and Devi atharvasiropanishaT. Decoded the mantra runs thus:Ka E I la hrIm ha sa ka ha la
hrIm sa ka la hrIm. Nityasodasikarnava and paramananda Tantra gives us many explanations to the above
mantras. Sri Bhaskararaya also wrote the varivasya Rahasya and a commentary called prakasa for the meanings of this mantra. Of these meanings some are discussed here.
Sampradayartha: The meaning which is got through the worthy preceptors lineage is meant here. This
discusses that the whole mantra is made of 37 syllables indicating the 36 tatvas and the tavAtIta parasiva
state. The syllables in the mantra are separated into consonants and vowels The maya bija hrIm is made into
5 parts as h, r, I, m and nada(subtle nasal sound).
VagbhavakUta:
Vowel
Ka = k + a
= 1
E
= 1
I
= 1
La = L + a
= 1
hrIm=h+r+I+m+nada= 2
Total
6

Consonant
1

Kamaraja kUta: Vowel

ha = h + a
= 1
sa = s + a
= 1
ka = k + a
= 1
ha = h + a
= 1
La = L + a
= 1
hrIm=h+r+I+m+nada= 2
Total
7

Consonant
1
1
1
1
1
2
+
7
+

Nada

1
2
4 +

1
1

= 11

Nada

1
1

=15

sakthi kUta:
Vowel
Consonant
Nada
sa = s + a
= 1
1
ka = k + a
= 1
1
La = L + a
= 1
1
hrIm=h+r+I+m+nada= 2
2
1
Total
5
+
5
+
1 = 11
Hence the total count is 11+15+11=37.
It is interesting to see a harmony and rhythm in the numbers, the second and third kutas have equal number
of consonants and vowels. In the first kuta the vowels are predominating, i.e the sakthi tatva dominates over
siva tatva (vowels represent sakthi tatva and consonants the siva tatva) - It is also wonderful to see this kuta in
the kakAra sahasranama of DaskhinakAli wherein we find names as Ka E I la hrIm svarUpAyai namah, Ka
E I la hrIm prasave namah etc.
Now let us see the individual count.
Vagbhva
Kamaraja
Sakthi
Total
h
1
3
1
5
I
2
1
1
4
r
1
1
1
3
s
1
1
2
L
1
1
1
3
a
2
5
3
10
k
1
1
1
3
m
1
1
1
3
nada 1
1
1
3
E
1
1

33

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

Total 11
15
11
37

Vowel
Consonant
Nada
Vagbhava kuta
= 6
4
1
Kamaraja kuta
= 7
7
1
Sakth kuta
= 5
5
1

Total
18
+
16
+
3 = 37

Let us look in the one to one correspondence with the 36 tatvas and tatvatIta parasiva.
E represents the tatvAtIta parasiva state. The three nada represent the Siva, sakthi, suddavidya and prakruti.
The three m represent the sadasiva, Isvara, suddavidya, maya, kalA, avidyA, rAga kAla and niyati. Ahamkara,
bhuddi and manas are represented by three k and ten a. karmendrya (vak pani pada payu), gynanendrya
( srotra tvak cakshu jihva ghrana), panca bhuta (akasa vayu vahni jala prthvi) and tanmatra (sabda sparsa
rupa rasa gandha) are represented by five h, four I, three r , two s and threeL
The five sabda gunas are represented by five h
The four sparsa gunas are represented by four I
The three rupa gunas are represented by three r
The two rasa gunas are represented by twos
The gandha guna is represented by three L- there are three to signify the three worlds.
The ten a signify the various states of jives and their multiplicity.
The above is as per Sri Bhaskara raya and the nitysodasikarnava Tantra.
Paramananda Tantra defines this correspondence in a different way, agreeing only with that the tatvatIta
parasiva state is represented by E The rest being as follows:
Prthvi, gandha, ghrana - three L
Apa, rasa, jihva three k ;Teja, rupa, cakshu three r ; Vayu, sparsa, tvak- three m
AkAsa, sabda, srotra- three nada ;Vak pani pada payu uapastha five h
Maya, kalA, avidyA, rAga, kAla, niyati, prakruti, ahamkAra, bhuddi, manas ten a
Sadasiva. Isvara, suddavidya, purusha four I
Siva and sakthi twos
A similar study in hadi and sadi vidyas were undertaken to get the following results
Hadividya: VagbhavaUta:
Vowel
Consonant
Nada
ha = h + a
= 1
1
sa = s + a
= 1
1
ka = k + a
= 1
1
La = L + a
= 1
1
hrIm=h+r+I+m+nada= 2
2
1
Total
6
6
1
The total count of syllables is 13 for Vagbhavakuta
Kamaraja kUta:

Vowel
Consonant
ha = h + a
= 1
1
sa = s + a
= 1
1
ka = k + a
= 1
1
ha = h + a
= 1
1
La = L + a
= 1
1
hrIm=h+r+I+m+nada= 2
2
Total
7
7
The total count of syllables is 15 for kamarajakuta
sakthi kUta:

Vowel
sa = s + a
= 1
ka = k + a
= 1
La = L + a
= 1
hrIm=h+r+I+m+nada= 2

Consonant
1
1
1
2

Nada

1
1

Nada

34

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

Total
5
5
The total count of syllables is 11 for sakthikuta

Hence total will be 13+15+11=39, but we find a harmony, all kutas have equal number of vowels (18) and
consonants (18) with three nadas. Hence this Vidya has siva sakthi samarasya bhava, maybe that is why it is
called sivaadividya in rasmimala.
Vagbhva
Kamaraja
Sakthi
Total
h
2
3
1
6
I
1
1
1
3
r
1
1
1
3
s
1
1
1
3
L
1
1
1
3
a
4
5
3
12
k
1
1
1
3
m
1
1
1
3
nada 1
1
1
3

Total 13
15
11
39

Vowel
Consonant
Nada
Vagbhava kuta
= 6
6
1
Kamaraja kuta
= 7
7
1
Sakth kuta
= 5
5
1

Total
18
+
18
+
3 = 39

Now the tatavatIta parasiva state may be said as being in the three nada; siva in the extra h and sakti ,
prakruti and suddavidya in the extra s rest can be explained as before.

SSSSSS

15.
E()i: E Tz> A_A P}P E
RT
u:
SzV i. SzV u@ RiY Nz. PT P @@Y
, _, TY, L z N@rD. SzV RT rD.
Ts:
15&1. SP vitV bNz z @^^ i
ziL i SzP rG uaEP. PWYP SP u@g
N@ bNzt igiWY P G RPY z
DNv > ]} zrG. t z@^v i
v>i. S P NPq rV ZR z NYrG. SPn@
G Nq. SP]LP v> G i . iY
zz@ 9 N@ uq. z@ , , ZHP,
z>, , >, P, , RZHP G
i@Vz. Wt PT i@ S, QL, Ls uq. t
PT PART Gz@Y 10 TPL Ri@^ zV PY z
iL RT iY P ZPRdY]. SbzDL PT SP Tz
rG u@ @ NrD.
15&2&1. PTv @_@Y uV P_@^v PzPP P>P>
@Bz. @TY
@TY. SP]L SHP . SPn zWaE& LSHP:

35

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

&L @TY rG. WH @Pv & L & Z_@Y, T@Y

rG @]Vv @TY] uvz G P ZR
rG. SPn Li SY g N. SPTPL
]L G TiWY Li uL zz Nzgq L zgqrG.
L zgvsv PWY @Y@gv Z@ u@_@^ P @_@^ @g
gq @}PY zXL Lv z L v_r PZ z nqrG.
15&2&2. e}
e}. Pz @, Y, N_@[, @_z]V, L SP
x }_@V@ z@gqrG. SPn zWaE& gPi P :
P@VL gP, , , Z, @P G kP iZ _@V
&}_@ rG. SP P Tz@PL r u@_@^. gZL A
k@ g@v P @ & Sbz Z@ @_@^
kNVi@P D@ Pz z ]L z P SP
}_@ zZ]L@ PzY@ rGL.
15&2&3. A: @ G Lgq. SP]L zWaE @:
A: rG. @z & S L Pv z G
P ZR rG. Pz gP PzL SP PRiY
Tan g|i Lgq. SP T TY @nP
PnGzPY z]L NzrY S[ QL zrG. WY S_@
(PT) T Nz>Y LL@ PzLznG Nzr>
P@gqi TY P NrG. LPY PT @tV PL
T . Lz SP Pi z L u}.
15&2&4. _ :
SP]L zWaE zES_A: rG. Nzg @@ rG.
P@_z& @& zE rG Pbi L _Pq
zrGz G P ZR rG. PT P G
NPY z> }zP vrD. aGzDP Nzg@& uV
N@P @iY @@ rG. S zZ]L@ uLiY Pv
TqrG. SP l uz @ (_@). S_@ PTv @,
z Tg SPn@n z _P ZP@ PT Y
iL S nq z{Y TqrG.

PT @tV P_@ Pz TiWY z@^ nq P_@

abirGL. SP LP_@ 4 z@NL Y@ rGL.
1. R QL.
2. SPWY nq R.
3. SPWY nv a gPi TE_@VY
aZH@Z.
4. SPWY nq }, Gg.
SP LP_@ s SP P_@ i@ PzP u}zP
rGL. L P} (uvL) i TqrG. z
zg@. PT Rd rG ZgPi @ziY& ZH@ |P
Ns, P@ in@@s, Pz@ @s PT
P@Y P_@]V P N@rD L V Y .
PW PR PW
PPP PzWk Pz
36

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

Pz P@ LP PL . P]LP PT rD L u}zB.
PPL SP]L LiY a] az@.
SiY &RT GPY TV_r N@vz
Rd Zzi& i P P uaEP ui Nz
RT P G.
SSSSSS

16. z zP Z Z@ Pi
u:
z SbTP rDW z P PqrD.

Ts:
SP RT D@ z ? Ggv Z&T
WY z GgL X rG RzziWY PW@g
qrDW zL rD. zL SP GT rG zZ@P PqrD L
zP Z NrG.
SSSSSS

17. P @zi P ZzP:

u:
R! @ziP uL @. Y TP_@t
@@zB.

Ts:
@zi Pn TPL xz_@]V uvz . Pz 6 TPL
@_@. SbzDL xz_@]V vzP P Lgqz.
@gnGgvzB G a]LsN@q i @iY P a]Ls & P @]}
a]LsP zzNPD. Lz z]V x@& ed@ G Sbs@,
bs@ S_@ z N@q@zB PY & YTP_@t Pz
ZzP: G uaEP.

18. ZEeNvV zZz: ZE@PA : ZE zPAi:

ZETzPz: Z Z ZE PW ZH
A : P: ZE Zzj P ZE gjXPz:
ZE R X @ @evi @ PR gN}Vd
a
u:
SbTP Gg zP i 8 zZH@V@s; 11 @V@s; 12
i@V@s; Tz Pz@, ZL BrGz@& Pz@ G
Pz@, @@, A@, @, P@V@s rD. Zz, j, P G
}_@^ zV! ji, S, , rR_@, P@@, i@,
@]&@ev zzL @P_@ s SzV. SP@ Ggv RPT
@ NrG.
Ts:

37

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

zTLVL PT& zTLV@s uVP 4 PY 6 _@Y

@v. S_ t Gg@ z^v zz }_@]V zP TVrG.
18&1.
| P P z TP
Pz ae@V ZPLP }
Pz T _@ P]L PT N@z, @z Y
Z& G zz ae@V@z P P]L NrGL. Lz Y@
P]L t uaEP_@ uv PTL i& Z : (:) G
@s; Z () G N @s; P ( )G Z@s P rG
gvP@. SPgzP ZPLP zz gi Pz
RiL PT SP uaEPit Z: Z Sv_@Y
GgqrG. zP YL ZgPitv SPYP gi
u} Sv_@Y Z: Z P G P_@ V@ @VgqVL
LPPP z@ P bZ Y V@. uP}@
q rD. nGz zzk TvgvL.
Z
ZE gZW zPz........ (1&56)
Tzi Z P................... (1&66)
Z @r......................... (4&4)
Zz Tz gZP.......... (12&37)
Z a L: L: ................ (12&36)
18&2. u@g rG Pz@V@s; z@ }Z@s PT
SgP uaEP uiNrG. vitV P@@, rR_@ s PT
, @&@ev zTL Tv n Tz@ TV_r
N@rD. @ DY 64 @] QL_@ P zz@ uVPT .
Pz Z@]@ = 12, @]@ = 16, >@]@ = 10, g@]@ = 10, @]@
= 10, TeB@]@ = 10, cz@]@ = 4, ZPz@]@ = 16, @=88. P]L Ze@
Pj v 38 @]@ ; g v 50 @]@ z. Sz
v_@ n. v_@VL z@ a]t Si @]@ uq. z>
zP@Y j, zgL, ZHEHgi, SiY | GgqrGL.
t SP rt^ @]@ s@^ uq.
j= 4 @]@ (uni, T{g, Ls, L &
znY cqqPY)
zgL= 4 @]@ (, , Q@i, N&
n ZPiPY)
ZHEHgi= 4 @]@ (}, Q@i, @, l@)
|= 4 @]@ (z, , Zi&
@q L, a
>_@ Ps)
P ZR @, @zi G PT @rG.(@W&
& z& i = @ N{g Pz) (@& &
& i) t @z a PL 15 ii a PT@ zz@ S
> 15 @]@V@s, ZP@] Lgv Ra& PL 16 @]@s
S@gvz PT! PT ZgPi @@evi z @}.
Sbz N@ n j@i , NZVP_@^ zV @]@
}di PT& @ev G qgL SrD. (PB
z N) r]V@ Tq @]@T YY& v@&
PBz@s PT SrD. zV P q@ SYPz. t SP
@ev G P Ps G N^q. Pz zPP z_@

38

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

P z@ igz. @ev DY i@ Y] . i@
Y]z b vP liY uVz L.
qPP@ SP @ev
@evs @i Vs Ls N^q.
P]Lgg. SP @gi d@s O Vz. SPn@L zgq SP:
1 (24 )
=
8 _@
1 (3 )
=
6 RP_@
1 RP (30adE) =
2 @
1 (15 adE)
=
15 @
1 (1 adE)
=
15 @ev
@ev@
1 @ev (4 N@q)
=
5 }_@
1 } (4/5 N@q)
=
3 aE
1 aE
=
3 z_@
1 z
=
3 zP_@
Nz@ @ev DY @@ G NY ^ 60 Ls @}rqz.
Sbz{Y 60 @@@ N@v L @}rq PL ev_@ @}LG
@@, z, iLa, iL, Z, zE, bi, @ L 8
q. SiY @@
_@_@. S Ta@iY& zz}j, E }_@^
ZZgPiY S @iY uV. NVP ZgPiY k_@
S P Y e@gqrG.
(SP PTL ev_@ @}L _@ P QL ZzY
qP @> @ PzNL @ uZ @@^
@g v. Njtpkhd m\; l hq; f k; ,g; N ghJ vq; f s; Web Site : http://
vaikari.net vd; g jpy; jpde; N jhWk; ghu; j ; J f; n fhs; s yhk; . )
SPz@Y PT @zTLV@ SgP u}P. SiY
]Lz z}@ Nt @@ uavP R gN}Vd rG. NPv
i@ NPvrGL.
SSSSSS

19. PR` P ii gP LP Tj AHP

A zP z
u:
P_@]V @nz^; @P, P N@qgz^;
TYPz^; jP uvz^; PLz^; _@V_@]V ^z^;
_@V@z S@gvz^L PT Pk vrD.
Ts:
19&1. P_@: SP P_@ d@, iPT@, iNVi@
L bz@. PzPY nqi N@^ @ d@.
ip NPzPY, & @n& & NzV @ Sz@VY nq
@ iPT@. GY GNVY nq @ iNVi@. SP
z]L Pr z@ zrGL. Sz LZY nqrG. SP L G
YTvY P P NP. Lz LP zdYY PT
@ zgqiTvY PT SP]L r TqrD.
19&2. i&i Sv PT P S@@Y z N@q
^zP@ @ @P z & L P i rG.
39

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

19&3. LP & Pz s SYPz. Tj TEL jPvz.

ZHP DY _N@_ zz P P]L zV!
_@VL Sz]V }vrD L Si aGs NrG uaEP.
qPP@ zLz R PnGrGP @}grD.
SSSSSS

20. TX@ ZP iR ZTP PP Pbyj

ZzP ZP@
u:
@
@yjv c @ >
>yj i
iWq v g@gPL
PT yjL YTPL @ i N@q zY NnG.
Ts;
20&1. SP zz yjL @. Pz | ( ).
Sz E@ SiY PnGrV. Pz&
@yj =
R
>yj =

c @yj
=
c
PS =
Sz PY | DrG. SPn@ j, ,
Y@ G z N@^ uq. |: = j = }. Pz N@v
NY@]V Nzi Pqg SP }. Y iY uVz@ Si N@v
NY@]V N }gqz@ L PT ZgPi & jL gz j rG.
i PT ZzPEH j} ZiP& V @@.
P i _@t PT | G gqrG.
@zP@^ P @Y}be PziY |_@ z Pz }i zP:
& ! zP_@Y uLN | G GnrGL L r D .
zLz @Y G Y rG:& |_@} z ZP: ii
TPi & Pz | G i i z nqTvY z
ii Sv _@ v TqrD
TqrD.
i Sz g P lPd{Y qrD _@.

_@ z N]V
_@P aGPvz.
_@r xzg Nnq
|_@V S>iPV !
zPit, nG @Y@t Sz]V v> i GgqrG.
qPP@ SP j@L i@
i@ L rG uaEP.
SSSSSS

21. @ P: AHPPZ: i LP
QWA:

40

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

u:
SbTP L SP @ P PL LZq
Lz@^; LP zTL@^; QLin @vY ({) G z@^L
R@ (Z@) L NrGL.
Ts:
NYgv SP @yj zz P j Nz@
}, PWY nq Ggv. ZP@ SP LL
PL LZ N@q. LPP vT. QL
@t. Wt SP a]]L vTvz@VL R@v SPP
L NrD@ L uaEP ui NrG.
SSSSSS

22. z_ g P Eev z ZTP Z()z

ZPev X@:
23. }L ZP zP ZP: T z}@()B:
RPLP P@:
u:
z
) , ()yj, P(
)yj, Sv @ @i 6 z
zyj(
P(
L @Pqv, v @i 3 zPL G zPq v r
) ( ), T () P 9 _@ N@v
(
)G S
@ r x | v T (
SP]L ugz@^ LPP VzYP.
Ts:
SiY 22 n 23 z _@^ N @BrD. NL>Y Sq
_@^ P z uzrG. SP z x |
v T (
) P. Ss T G
Z_@P N{YP PrG.
(PY zP@: D@ >g@V@.
SP i g g}zL SP uaEPiY
uP@TY] ui. PWY g Q>@^, P Z@@^,
R@^, BT Z PL LPPP z@
^v g g}z zfP @P z
z u P@. WY
S@Y SPv urD@. z@v B nG
@}TY]. WY P TY]. P_@Y g}z zfP
@P z u@zB NPz@ uV.)
PY SP zPP L PzP g. @
P gPzi G ZgPi eiY rD:
x
x-=
L RZzi zz
yji zzPt;
| =
ZL Rd yji
zzPt;
=
LPL R@ Pyji
zzPt;
(ZP@>)
=
(4 zn u) de {zP
41

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

Nq,
v = ZPL @v@ aT@Y bi
g T vgqrG.

&Pz

SbzDL v, @, @ G P_@ Ri ! SzV

N v. Sz^v zz }_@ NYt, L
vPz.
g gq SP u@ i@@ g @it
SYzY]. Q>@ zY zz@ S PrG& bzVz!
WY @it SYP N @}gq ? DY P .
Pz iY PrGP i P Sg P N. S
iiY gL. uP}@, @nY P L @nPL SP&
Pn. SY @Y]L@ @B SP u@ _@ PrG DY,
ZZ@VL Q>@ vPzz ZC >viY PrG. WY
vPzz ZCPL gPTv zvPG! SP zP Z.
Z G a]Y @}gq SP u@ @iY . SP]L V
. SP V@iY (Pz@) T@T z, (r@)
z@ S u@, @PL@ SP uvY@^, aPz@T j@
@}P r TqrGL. WY (g) N^,
N]VTv zvPPL vP @z aj zzv TV_rGL. SP
a]P Za] N. SP iL z@i P n
PL ev P adP& Z@L & N^
j@P uv@ zB G } nv. SP }in@P c}
N. SP c}P @, P z. WY aLL, Z_@L
N^ SP c]} nv adY]. Wt P N^ SP c]}
nvPn iL P zT@ i @}. SP c}& S
SgPn (R) } rG PT@ P.
(R) G QLd c}L uv@. LzP P
(R) GP [zz i
i! SP @@] P. LPY uiY
@Y@gv gk @}z, az RP zzL @@]@
u. SP i zzP PT zY]
zY]. NL>Y aiz PP
gq Rz @ @
@@ uPYz !
i Pzz_@V@ P, zL z@ _@^ SP
uaEPiYPL uP rGL. S_ uPL _@t
n uq. Pz uaEP&iY uPL z yjL | PY
Pt, Sg uPL & z
zt NPv
uPL k P
zVP PzZ]Lq @ zP. Lz SP & z
g T xiG uirG.
qPP@ SP Rz zz PzP g. Sbz
Nz uZ]L d@s u]}. SPn P@ uaEP uV.
z RaE
RaEP. iY L viY GgqzP S_ @BrD.

Qz z zg Z
Pzi zW Z ZZ Ej
& SP zL ZZ Ti {gPn gznG
. Pz, gQL g, R gd, g
PL Rz_@ ZzZ @s; z&g x

42

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

n@v@s uVP!
SP arzPL aPL; LL& @v
gT ZPLP z v
vPT ! a@gv.
S> z iv ZL N]V @Bz.
@ @} QL_@]V {P QL zTLV ! g QL
ZP ndYY TqvzV ! ]Lin ^ ev@
zt i@gq gLP zTLV ! @ PA z
P_@VnG x T Nq u_@]V ZP a]LTrG
(ZPL).
bNz P q. Y SP z
Ri P P PT Rd rG ZgPAi 700
i
i@V. SP PT Rd rG ZgPAi 700 i@^ _@P.
PWYP SP _@VY R @ NgqrGP z. SP
@ SG @Y z@ Y Ngq, PWY ZP@@^ Z@
Sev ggi, _@V_@^ nqzP @v@ @BrD. Wt Sz
z&g L, gT zzL, Rzr_@V ; S d@
Tz@ Z@ TV@gv z RL N@ N@v
u}z D.

24. v|@ P gPZ Zg A_A P

NZV zP RP@ PzZ P@@ j
u:
SP@iY
qTgz^;
uP@
@iz
a@L
@ivz^; , _ Sq PPz^; @Lz^; zP,
G @Vq Lz^; @^; zg zi uvz^; P@
Tg_@]V i NTg z^L RPT irG.
Ts:
SP iL SP uPL PT L @ G
V.
SSSSSS

25. dz RP R T R@ gA
R@ `
u:
R_@]VNY @rGz^; R @ev_@]VNY (L)
nrGz^; R @]} zzLz^L u]L @rG.
Ts:
Ss @ }TE_@]Vg nLP P.
25&1. R
R: S _@^N@Y . Pz } P
_@^N@Y . L>Y GT SgP G ad,
@B& @ NPP i@iY nvg }P R
R.
SP z nqrGNPDY& z>v SYPP @}.
Lz PT a]LTY Si, zV ZP]L Nz nqzPY
43

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

z nq _rTqrG.
25&1. R@
R@: PT v @_@VL @, ZP]L, PPL
P]L PLz@VY. z@^ i@ @zL, @qgq Sz@ d@d@ Pz.
PWY z]V N_z P]L PY. SPWY z R@
LgqrD. SP R @P @vg Z >Y
ZY].
25&1. R@]}
R@]}: @ Tgz]L @q z R@z P.
SP iL zZ]L jP@ zB. SP @]} Pn D N
L?
@gqz& i@z, Tgn, Nzgn uvP
uPKLW@z SPt z>v @]} PL nqiN@q; zL
@in @}L P@]V @nTq, r nv NzP
@gqi N@z P @]} . SP @]} P PT
PzT@@z N@ rD.
nNL , @ Sz@]Vg r, @]}g N{ P
zrG SP iL . S> uaEPL PT zT]Lg @
i i@VL PT Tz_@ NPv qP @viY zrGL.
SSSSSS

5. PT Tz @v.
(3& _@)
26. z gP jLi PP Q
P gP PP LP R} gP
PP jLL gP PP j @z
Zz zPP PP @ @z Tz PP @ P
zP QsPs j@@i
u:
z^v & zz_@]V g P Pz@VY v
TY] PWY z Pz
Pz. z^ s SY]
PWY z TYPz
TYPz. z^v zL rv@ rGP
PWY z @}gvPz
@}gvPz. z^ GT rvP PWY z
GTnGz
GTnGz. z zV _ @G aGigiWY z zV
zV. zV
SP u@ zz@s, zz_@V@s SgPY zV zz
N@vz
N@vz. Lz SPWY z Pz
Pz, TYPz
TYPz, @}gvPz
@}gvPz,
GTnGz
GTnGz, z
z, zz N@vz L z@gqrD.
Ts:
26&1. g, TeB, z YzY i PL@@ @
rV NGP@s; NYt z{Y z@ v_@]V, P_@]Vg
G g, TeB, @]V @vP@s; SiY PzP zz
PLiY P_@]V G Pr vPP@s PT@zP @zP SP
Pz (Q
Q
Q) G P P@ D.
26&2. PZR_@Y Rz R@Y RPvz ZC
PT uV z. SP N L ? PY RgV
G R @Yi Tz @Bz.

44

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

(36 @
= 1 R@
36 R@
= 1 @Y
36 @Y
= 1 R@Y
36 R@Y
= RgV)
SP RgV TY @PzL Rz r T]Vz@ RPvz
qrD. P PvzP iL PT ZC@ S @q @rDV.
Sbz RgViYv {TYY zP@ uV PTLPY z]V
LP
uaEP TYPz (LP
LP) G.
26&3. P Pz@^ PT [uzP @vz@ SY]. PT i
zzPv @}P a]P zzP @WaEPiY @}.
N@qgL gP @WaEPiY Pq& D@V PT @}TY].

PWY z @}Pz (
) G.
26&4. gi G i[PY NV@s; Z@ v_@^
j
uni @}L > P@s: z SgPY GgnGz (j
j) G.
26&5. Yg N^^ PP N P@ PT P NV
zP GP@ a]Y z @}gvt PT zV (@) P.
Pez PPgT & PP| g PT zz
N@vzV
@
N@vzV@s (@
@) G. SP PT ZgPi gP@ RiY rG&

a@ Z@ Zz WPL g
P agE W L
&Pz g g}_@W Y NY q a@ Pz
PT. P it @ L @gqrD. 51 @ _@^ P>P>
PT zz_@V! SPWYP PT zV@s, z@
z@s Ggv.
nGgv @}_@VYP uaEP PT Q, LP,
, j, @, @ z]V zgqi zrG. NPv i
zrG.
SSSSSS

27. @PT AgPW QL QWW XP

AW AZC
u:
PTLz& _@^ GP L @ _@V@ SrD.
(zz& Pzz) gP_@^ QLzz@ SrDV. QLin
P @vPz. SP G PnG V A G a];
P]L@B ZC@s z SrD.
Ts:
27&1. GTv us zV zz N@v z,
L Sz@ u@dYP Sv N a TqrG PT z}]L.
zPP uaEP S_ uP @P SP JqrG.
@_@ NP 51 NP.SPnP [@
R_@^, zPv ]L v@. SP 51 @ _@^
bNz P>P> _@P. z@^ P>P> , P,
aZTPL, L@, L } |i@ ZPWz{@^, a_@^
uq. Sbz TE_@ s PT rG uaEP. t P
zzL @ _@VP gP_@VYz! Lz P_@]VTv gP_@
us G GY s PT!
45

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

27&2. gP& P G SY usv P(&QL) P. QL

L. fPL. . @vi Z_ |i@ QLP
(0) @ rv. SP g TEL N]V u}rG. Lz
QWPz : iLPY a]L P QLi uP
a]. SP P& aT@Y, ai, @v@bi, zziYP u}
Y iY @@.
Wt SPTv PT uP a] Aa]
Aa]. SP A
PzPiY d@ uP @q. SP]L Tz@ TV@g_@Y SP
SviY @L@ PrG. L>Y SP a] NP N@^ &
ZP]LV LP@ NP N@Vz TE_@ aG uVL. @
P zz RiY Sn V _ @q NP. LPY SP
A n i@ S_ [PvTY]. t Sn PdvY
TVrVL. PP& NzvNzP]L NNg v
@& P& v @ V. @e} i & P
PW i vY@Y& g[ P z g aGz Sgz
rv& V.
z SP AZC n NPP N@v SP ZC G P
PzP NP N@vY P QL@v z} NP@ S.
Q, QL, Q_@]V Pz z, s, gq N]V @t
P@ uV ZC . NG 26&2 Y Ggv TV@ SPn N. Lz
z@]V N@q z@VY i@g v zg@L &
Pj i P PYi SP ZC. zz@
SP ZC G N uq L ZzZ a uaEPit GgqV.
qP iY PT i a]vgqrG.
SSSSSS

28. P i ZE @ iP P @ @ P
T@i d z yPsR ZZ}z P`
u:
z]V@t z dY] ggv i zPzV
@. N@v P Nz. ZZrG @v] @v@ Nz.
(GT P z.) @evgq ZP]L PznDY v P@zVL
@ PT ZZ P vP ( _zP Nq) @rG.
Ts:
Sz PT &_@ z@t TV@gv & SiY
z]V@t z SY] P i& zV
i a] zV @PT L uaEP ui NrG.
28&1. P, zL, @ G gN i@^ iL PT P
@v. S_ z]V i ZP@ bzDL @]} NrD
P rG. N@v _@]V @N@VPz; GT L
z{Y PT i@g Pz; P@ Z ZgP Zzv
TizPL X P Z@_@]Vg NnGz@ S@zB ZP@
P zrG SP .
G a]Y P]L S_ n ig. T uZ]L rG
46

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

PTz{Y& Z (ZP) N@VV (N@VVP) L S z{@

uq. SiY LPY P@@ N uZ]L Z (ZP) ;
@@ j b_@Vq @@ Nz N@VV (N@VVP)
P_@ . WY P_@ _@]V Pz P u_@]V Tr
uaEP Zz@_@^ ]}@zP ZP ui & zig
rGL.
PTL v>i PL@ Pi N[
N, & EPLi ZR N@qz; _@ Z@ z}
ZP u_@^v f G Z. @zP NZVP
Rt S n gqrG. Wt P@ uZ]L ivgv @ j
zrG. Pn@P , PznY PT z; Z_@,
Zz} ,Zz G GY z{v Pi TirG. i @V@&
Pz zi x G i@@& ZP@ z@z z G a]Y& TE
L_@ ZP@]L Tr TqP] @iY TqzP Z P
@V. Q>@^, uZ@ ev@^, n@it& S@it
SP @P n QL Nng @q. Wt S_ uaEP
gq >P zTY N N@v NY@]V PT
nNL PP gvP@ @. P]L uaEP lPP@s
N@VziY]. SP N@@ LiY N@vP d v
zP NL z{@ z{v Nkq& L V@.
28&2. >P Y _@t N }! } bz
YP Gg . SP SGg Gg G L
Pz @ P PT @zB N SP iY gP]L
NgqrG.
28&3. PT @evgq vP@z P @vz @ G. S_
@ev_@ @qL ZPW a_@, @_@ L N@V. ZZgP
aPzL Zz Pv zq. zv Nd@ X @g
NGzq. z L P z]VY zY @g vzq.
P]L Pq, @q @gn ZP]L ivzq. Lz SP]L
NY@^ PL NY SYPPYP PT @ G.
S> Si@vL qP @viY RT @ Ggvg
rGL.
SSSSSS

6. i @v.
(T & 4& _@)
29. SPPzE s XP Z kPzE jzgi
SPPzE Qz s Pi
u:
SP PzE G uaEPP zNWz L NrDW z
kPz E G xPL PzE_@ ji P vrD. (LPY)
SP]LTig u} zNWz j (]L) NrDW z @
vrD.
Ts:
47

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

L rG P]L Gvd NGzB DrG. bz @n

N@qgz gP P, fP, }ZL uv P@
S@zq }Ti. v n@v }_@ zq .
Ti bzP it& PL rvP z SiL }Pq
Lz@ N@q Pv L N; SiY Ggv j
PLz@]V, j Nzq. (S_ j P Z_@, Zz}
jP .) t kPzE zn @iY @v.
GnG ji n qP NPvrG.
SSSSSS

30. AP gjgz Zs i TPi APevP

Ti: P:
u:
(TEt, Gg j Nt SgPL) G
(@G) RT j NPtv ZP@ i
v. SP uaEP } TiL 108 G }@
GgqrG.
Ts:
RT @G j NPt P]L G@ NTY]WY
>Y] DrG. z N TigL Z_@, Zz} jv z
i N@q@ uaEP uiNrG. SP uaEPP 108 G
} NzP P } Ti.
NzL } TiG L L g.
1. j
& P]L Z_@
P]L j .
2. R
& ji 10 Y _.
3. Pg}
& R Z_Y 10 Y _.
4. jL
& Pg} Z_Y 10 Y _.
5. jL
& jL Z_Y 10 Y _
&g} jL.
SP } TiL j NPz zP PL NPY zq
rG Y@.
qP SPY NPvrG.
SSSSSS

31. PAz v Z: gP R@ Pi
RPb: gZPP:
u:
zNWz 10 Pvz (SP]L) PLWY (z) P gP
_@ Tqq TqrD. RPTv VY Nr
_@]VP TqrD.
Ts:
PY iY 108 G } G @z 10 G }

48

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

NP z _@VnG zWr TqrD P ui NrG zP.

zqdY], R Z_@v_@ TqP] rvrG.
qP SPY NPvrG.
SSSSSS

32. ZXW izZP Ai gPXW P

Ai PZ gP: gkjW s zi aP | Z
jgz zi zi PL gi jgz PzP Za zi
g}giev jgz gW gieP zi NVT
RP ZaNPV jgz R Pi R Pi z zP
SaE
u:
SP uaEPP @]Y giWY STY NP vrG.
]Y gz> @Y NPP rG. SbzG ], @]
gz @ SPtv nGzWr TqrD. (). iSTY
@z Z @iY j NPY ZP@ zi nqrG. iP@
Ngv i j NPY iY g}> a]L uvrG.
NbzrY T> iP RPT ZaiY SP]L
jPY R G @ a]]L vrD. (SP]L 2 G NYz
vG) P uZ@ S_ GY SP]L rDW z _@V_@
uvrGL uaEP u@rG.
Ts:
32&1. | Z
Z: iSTY @z Z @iY& Pz qa 12
j Nzn ig. SiY } NPY zi nq
GPY P Z n GzV. S NVP@TY rv. T
uZW _@Y& P a@iY uZ@ 4 Z@
Ti@grG. TZ@ ev@^ S z NPi.
SPt NPTn@@ S_ TVziY PgY] PY [Pn.
T uZ]LY 4 @ Z@ uq W. SP 4 z @
ZP Ss 12 NPY z@. SP 4 @ Z@t P
}_@ NPY . Y SP 4 z @ Z rG | Z
TY SP uaEP } Nzq. Sn aZz, T
a@, @YZ rznY Tz@ @}. T E }
@}rY S zTY]. SP E }_@ DY NLL L g.
1. P},
2. @@}
3. Pz }, 4. }
5. a }, 6. }

Z @_@Y Ngv z }_@:

1. P}
2. @@}
@] @t SvY 3. }
2. TX Z(@Y)
4. Pz }
5. }

49

1. gPZ(@])

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

3. X Z(])
6. a }
4. | Z(Ss)
7.PT PzEaE
}
SPT T uZ@@ Nzz
NZV P G Y rG.

36 }_@

(SP }_@ NG n _@ Z NzMvL

g@Y @}.)
32&2. gi@, _@, PzP, giev@ G @@Y PzP@
Za nv S @gv zq NPzrG. T j,
R_@ Ngq @_@Y @giev S z
R@VY @gq zrG.
32&3. NVT> Lz NbzrY T>
i PT g|i@L PT z Lgq. SPiLiY N }
Rz T uaEP SG rG. NL>Y ZP}L
SGg rG uvYz ZP@ Pv NzPvYY, SGg SYP
Pa] S VzY P ui Nz zP SG Z
NrG. t SG PzY, N@qY q >P @
PTv gP]L N, SP]L PT ZaiY PY _r i
nq D z u.
32&3. zNWz SP GY uaEPP& SP PzPL R_@]V
xiG rDW z PTP G _@V a]v GrD& G
uaEPi @v]V Pz>z NPT SP uaEPP aGs
NrD.

TQLi zPP zj
Pi a zdi zPP a} :
&P z zPP z_@VtvL g z SrGP& z
(@@v_@) @v]V SY] zPP uaEP_@ } PP&
zRd G Y GgqV& P]L uPL. Lz
@@v TigV uZ]L zr g@ n GzG aGznWY
n@v zRd zg QL@vi GP vzL i
a rv ui !
SP]L LiiN@q Z } PY SP uaEP u@}
zB G BT TgL n SP VTY aGNzrG.
EQLnGzWY Ngv uY PT iPz_@ z@ @
. PTgn PVzz SP i@ PP z @]}P.
SP]L N@qP @@^ g_@.

PP P z @i_@z
Pd T @z & P
PLz }z
@Wz_ .
&G Pdi zL PT PT z v@ SY]
G uiv z.
50

Ntjrf;jp - ghfk;-1

P QL Z

@}: B Pz: j: i_@

eqz ZP: bA PzP P: zi S bPz: zi:
E TzzP: zi P evd: zi gRi PP
&&&&&&&& Ai: Ai: Ai: &&&&&&&&

Fwpg;G:-

Ntjrf;jp ghfk; -2

vd;gJ
=mUNzhgep\jj;jpd; jkpOiuahfTk;>

Ntjrf;jp ghfk; -3 vd;gJ

=]_f;jj;jpd; jkpOiuahfTk;
njhlu;e;J ntsptutpUf;fpwJ.

51