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TURUNANNYA
Deskripsi:
Struktur, tata nama, pembuatan, reaksi
asam karboksilat dan turunannya
C
OH
O
H
C
OH
O
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2
C
OH
asam butanoat
CH3
O
CH
CH2
OH
asam etanoat
asam metanoat
CH3
CH2
H3C
C
OH
C
CH3
O
C
O
CH3
OH
CH
OH
CH2
C
OH
CH3
5
CH2
4
CH
3
CH3
CH2
2
COOH
1
5
CH3
4
CH
OH
3
CH2
2
CH
1
COOH
CH3
asam formiat
C
OH
CH3
CH2
CH2
OH
asam butirat
CH3
5
CH2
4
CH2
3
CH2
2
C
1
OH
Cl
CH3
CH
COOH
asam - kloroproponoat
5
4
3 2
1
CCCCC=O
Br
CH3CH2CH2CHCOOH
bromovaleric acid
CH3
CH3CHCH2COOH
-methylbutyric acid
isovaleric acid
Formula/struktur
IUPAC
Trivial
HCO2H
As. metanoat
Asam formiat
CH3CO2H
Asam etanoat
Asam asetat
CH3(CH2)2CO2H
Asam butanoat
Asam butirat
CH3(CH2)2CO2H
As. pentanoat
Asam valerat
CH3(CH2)4CO2H
As. heksanoat
Asam kaproat
CH3(CH2)5CO2H
As. heptanoat
Asam enantat
CH3(CH2)6CO2H
As. oktanoat
Asam kaprilat
CH3(CH2)8CO2H
Asam dekanat
Asam kaprat
Alkil karboksilat
CH3
CH2
COOH
CH3
CH
COOH
CH3
asam isopropil karboksilat
O
C
HO
HO
CH2
C
OH
OH
O
HO
O
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
OH
Asam-asam dikarboksilat :
HOOC-COOH
asam oksalat
HO2C-CH2-CO2H
asam malonat
HO2C-CH2CH2-CO2H
asam suksinat
HO2C-CH2CH2CH2-CO2H
asam glutarat
HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH
asam adipat
HOOC-(CH2)5-COOH
asam pimelat
amonium butirat
amonium butanoat
(CH3CH2COO)2Mg
magnesium propionat
magnesium propanoat
HO
O
C
OH
carbonic acid
HO
O
C
ONa
sodium bicarbonate
sodium hydrogen carbonate
NaHCO3
NaO
O
C
ONa
sodium carbonate
Na2CO3
Nama khusus
COOH
benzoic acid
COOH
CH3
COOH
CH3
o-toluic acid
m-toluic acid
COOH
CH3
p-toluic acid
C+
H3C
O dan O
+
O
CH3
C
O
H
+
O
O-
CH3
CH2
O
OH
>
CH3
CH2
td
CH2
CH2
OH
td
O
OH
gugus polar
SIFAT-SIFAT FISIKA
1.
NaOH
basa kuat
RCO2-Na+
basa lemah
H2O
asam lemah
RCO2H
RCO2-
kovalen
ionik
larut air
O
CH3
CH2
CH3
OH
[CH 3CO2 ] [ H ]
Ka
1.8 x 105
[CH 3CO2 H ]
+
O- + H
CH2
alkohol
O
CH3
O
O
CH3
asam karboksilat
OH +
NaOH
O- Na+ +
asam benzoat
O
2
CH3
O
OH + Na2 CO3
asam asetat
CH3
O- Na+ + H2CO3
Na - asetat
CO2
H2O
H2O
RCH 2 OH
O
R
KMnO 4
or
K 2 Cr2 O 7
KMnO 4
or
K 2 Cr2 O 7
KMnO 4
or
K 2 Cr2 O 7
RCOOH
RCOOH
COOH
Contoh
Oksidasi alkohol primer dan aldehida
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
OH + K2Cr2O7
CH2
OH + KMnO4
CH3
H+
CH2
CH3
CH2
O
OH
CH2
oksidator
kuat
alkohol
O
CH2
H+
CH
OH
aldehida
OH
+ Ag (NH3)2+
H
oksidator
lemah
NH4OH
COOH
O
CH2
OH
CH
OH
C
OH
Cl
CH2
CH2
COOH
CH3
+ KMnO4
CH
OH-
CH3
COOH
CH3
CH3
KMnO4, heat
COOH
toluene
CH3
benzoic acid
COOH
KMnO4, heat
note: aromatic
acids only!
HOOC
H3C
terephthalic acid
p-xylene
KMnO4, heat
CH2CH3
ethylbenzene
COOH
benzoic acid
+ CO2
C +
Mg
H
R C OMgX
R C OH
H 2O
H2O
CH3-Mg-Cl + O=C=O
CH3-C=O
O Mg Cl
H+
CH3-COOH
CO2
RMgX
H+
RCO2MgX
RCOOH
RMgX +
O
C
O
CO2 H+
CH3CH2CH2MgBr
O
R C
O-
CH3CH2CH2COOH
asam butirat
H+
MgX
O
R C
OH
CH3
CH3
Mg
CH3
CO2
Br
H+
MgBr
COOH
3. Haloform Reaction
p-toluic acid
CH 3
C R
OH
CH 3 C R
O
X2
OH - /H2O
X2
OH - /H2O
RCOO - + HCX 3
RCOO - + HCX 3
1. CH3-CH(NH2)-CH2-COOH
2. CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CHI-COOH
CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(NO2)-CH(CH3)-CH2COOH
4. Asam -kloro--hidroksivalerat
5. Asam 3-amino-4-bromo-6-metiloktanoat
6. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOK
7. Kalsium asetat
8.
9.
COOH
COOH
OH
NO2
10.
Butanol-1 +KMnO4
11.
p-klorobenzaldehid + K2Cr2O7
12.
2-isopropil-4-metilbenzena +KMnO4
..
Cl
.. :
karboksilat
Klorida asam
: O:
C
:O:
R
..
O
..
.. _
O
..:
..
OH
..
N:
C
nitril
: O:
C
Anhidrida asam
:O:
R
:O:
..
O
..
ester
amida
..
N
H
32
: O:
NO2
CH2 CH2 C Cl
I: 3-aminopropanoyl klorida
T: -aminopropionyl chloride
O
Cl C
CH2
I: 4-nitropentanoil klorida
T: -nitrovaleril klorida
I: hexanedioil klorida
C Cl
T: adipoil klorida
..
Cl
.. :
O
C Br
I: benzenecarbonil bromida
c: benzoil bromida
33
:O:
2. Tatanama Anhidrida
: O:
..
O
..
O
CH3
C OH
H O C CH3
acetic acid
CH3
- H2O
C O C
HO C
I: anh benzenecarboxylic
I: anh. cis-butenadioiat
c: anh. maleat
O C
C O
O
C OH
I: as. butanedioat
c: as. suksinat
T: anh. benzoat
C O C CH3
Anhidrida assetat
anhidrida etanoat
Asam etanoat
O
- H2O
O C
C O
I: anh. butanadioiat
c: anh. suksinat
C O C H
CH3
O
O
34
3. Tatanama Ester
alkyl
CH3 O C CH3
: O:
C
..
OH
..
carboxylic
acid
..
..O
H+
alcohol
:O:
H2O
..
O
..
C
ester
O
O C H
C O C(CH3)3
I: t-butyl
benzenecarboxylate
c: t-butyl benzoate
C O CH(CH3)2
O C CH(CH3)2
I: isobutyl siklobutankarboksilat
T: none
O O
CH3 O C C O CH3
T: dimethyl oksalat
I: dimethyl ethanedioat
I: sikobutil 2-methylpropanoat
T: siklobutil -methylpropionat
35
4. Tatanama Amida
O
R C N
H
H
O
R C N
2 amida
N-alkil amida
1 amida
H
R
O
R C N
R
R
3 amide
N,N-dialkil amida
Cl
C N
I: butanamide
c: butyramide
O
NO2
C N
I: 3chlorocyclopentanecarboxamide
I: 4nitrobenzenecarboxamide
c: p-nitrobenzamide
I: N,2-dimethylpropanamide
T:N,-dimethylpropionamide
I: N-phenylethanamide
O
C N
CH3 O
CH3CH
C N
CH3
H
CH3
CH2CH3
I: N-ethyl-Nmethylcyclobutanecarboxamide
T: none
O
H3C C N
c: acetanilide
c: N-phenylacetamide
5. Tatanama Nitril
O
R C N
H
H
POCl3
R C N
- H2O
CH3 C N
I: 4-iodobutanenitril
T: -iodobutyronitril
I: ethanenitril
c: acetonitril
HS
CN
I:4-thiobenzenecarbonitrile
c: p-mercaptobenzonitrile
CH3O
COOH
CN
CN
I: 3methoxycyclohexanecarbonitril
T: none
I: asam 2-cyanocyclopentanecarboxylat
c:
none
37
RCOOH
RCOOH
RCOOH
Na
RCOO - Na + +
Na OH
Na HCO 3
1
H2
2
RCOO - Na + + H 2 O
RCOO - Na + + H 2O + CO 2
RCOOH
3 RCOOH
RCOOH
SOCl 2
PCl3
PCl5
C Cl + SO 2 + HCl
O
3R
C Cl + H 3PO 3
O
C Cl + POCl 3 + HCl
O
3. Pembuatan ester
H+
RCOOH + ROH RCO2R + H2O
tak langsung :
RCOOH + PCl3 RCOCl + ROH RCO2R
-perubahan dari asam karboksilat menjadi klorida asam,
- Tidak reversibel
O
C
OH
H+
+
CH3OH
SOCl2
O
C
Cl
CH3OH
O
C
O CH3
H2O
4. Pembuatan amida
RCOOH + NH3
RCOONH4
RCOCl + 2 NH3
RCO(NH2)+ NH4Cl
RCO(NH2)+ H2O
amides
Reaksi tak langsung
RCOOH + SOCl2 RCOCl + NH3 RCONH2
amide
O
OH
3-Methylbutanoic acid
PCl3
NH3
Cl
O
NH2
O
C
OH
PCl3
O
C
Cl
NH3
O
C
NH2
amide
NH3
O
C
O
NH4
ammonium salt
5. Pembuatananhidrida
O
R
katalis
+ 2 H2
OH
OH
+ H2O
asam karboksilat
O
CH3
CH2
OH
OH + H2
Pt
25Oc
OH
+ LiAlH4
CH3
CH2
OH
O
C
CH3 CH
H2C
OH
H2O
CH3
Termolisis of beta-diasam
Termolisis of asam beta-keto
COOH
COOH
COOH
C
O
H
COOH
H
C
O
+ CO 2
+ CO 2
1. CH3-CH2-CH(Br)-CH2CH2-CO(I)
2. CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-CO(Br)
3.
4. Anhidrida propanoat
5. Anhidrida benzoat butanoat
6. Anhidrida etanoat butanoat
CO(Cl)
7. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOCH2-CH3
8. CH3-CH2-CH2-COOCH(CH3)2
9. CH3-CH2-CO(NH2)
12. CH3-CH2-CH2-CN
13. CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CN
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Asam 2-bromopropanoat + Na
asam 3-nitrobutanoat +NaOH
asam 4-aminopentanoat +Na bikarbonat
Asam benzoat + alkohol
Asam propanoat + propanol
Propanoil klorida + etanol
25
CH3-CH2
CH3-CH2-CH2
26.