Kha hc LTH mn Ton Thy ng Vit Hng

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00. HAI QUY TC M C BN

Thy ng Vit Hng

1. Qui tc cng:
Mt cng vic no c th c thc hin theo mt trong hai phng n A hoc B. Nu phng n
A c m cch thc hin, phng n B c n cch thc hin v khng trng vi bt k cch no trong
phng n A th cng vic c m + n cch thc hin.
2. Qui tc nhn:
Mt cng vic no c th bao gm hai cng on A v B. Nu cng on A c m cch thc hin
v ng vi mi cch c n cch thc hin cng on B th cng vic c m.n cch thc hin.
Bai 1:
a) Mt b hoa gm c: 5 bng hng trng, 6 bng hng v 7 bng hng vng. Hi c my cch chn
ly 1 bng hoa?
b) T cc ch s 1, 2, 3 c th lp c bao nhiu s khc nhau c nhng ch s khc nhau?
S: a) 18.

b) 15.

Bai 2:
Mt ngi c 7 ci o trong c 3 o trng v 5 ci c vt trong c hai c vt mu vng. Hi ngi
c bao nhiu cch chn o c vt nu:
a) Chn o no cng c v c vt no cng c?
b) chn o trng th khng chn c vt mu vng?
S: a) 35.

b) 29.

Bai 3:
Hi ng qun tr ca mt x nghip gm 11 ngi, trong c 7 nam v 4 n. T h ng qun tr ,
ngi ta mun lp ra mt ban thng trc gm 3 ngi. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn ban thng trc sao
cho trong phi c t nht mt ngi nam.
S: 161.
Bai 4:
Cho tp hp A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. C bao nhiu cp sp th t (x; y) bit rng:
a) x A, y A

b) {x , y} A

c) x A, y A va x + y = 6 .

S: a) 25.

b) 20.

c) 5 cp.

Bai 5:
Cho tp hp A = {1, 2, 3, , n} trong n l s nguyn dng ln hn 1. C bao nhiu cp sp th t
(x; y), bit rng: x A, y A, x > y .
S:

n(n 1)
.
2

Bai 6:
Tham gia trn vn kha LTH v Luyn gii ti Moon.vn t c kt qu cao nht trong k TSH 2014!

Kha hc LTH mn Ton Thy ng Vit Hng

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C bao nhiu s palindrom gm 5 ch s (s palindrom l s m nu ta vit cc ch s theo th t ngc

li th gi tr ca n khng thay i).
S: S cn tm c dng:

abcba c 9.10.10 = 900 (s)

Bai 7:
Vi cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin tho:
a) gm 6 ch s.
b) gm 6 ch s khc nhau.
c) gm 6 ch s khc nhau v chia ht cho 2.
S: a) 66

b) 6!

c) 3.5! = 360

Bai 8:
a) T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s?
b) T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin chn c 3 ch s?
c) C bao nhiu s t nhin c hai ch s m c hai ch s u l s chn?
d) C bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s, trong cc ch s cch u ch s ng gia th ging nhau?
e) C bao nhiu s t nhin c 6 ch s v chia ht cho 5?
S: a) 3125. b) 168.

c) 20

d) 900.

e) 180000.

Bai 9:
Vi 5 ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s:
a) Gm 2 ch s?

b) Gm 2 ch s khc nhau?

d) S chn gm 2 ch s khc nhau?

e) Gm 5 ch s vit khng lp li?

c) S l gm 2 ch s?

f) Gm 5 ch s vit khng lp li chia ht cho 5?

S: a) 25.

b) 20.

c) 15

d) 8.

e) 120.

f) 24.

Bai 10:
T 6 s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 3 ch s:
a) Khc nhau?
b) Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s ln hn 300?
c) Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s chia ht cho 5?
d) Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s chn?
e) Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s l?
S: a) 100.

b) 60.

c) 36

d) 52.

e) 48.

Bai 11:
a) T cc s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s l c 3 ch s khc nhau nh hn 400?
b) T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 3 ch s khc nhau nm trong khong (300 ,
500).
S: a) 35.

b) 24.

Tham gia trn vn kha LTH v Luyn gii ti Moon.vn t c kt qu cao nht trong k TSH 2014!